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Journal articles on the topic 'Extrinsic stain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Ita, Astit Karmawati, Yulita Ita, and Kusuma Dewi Indri. "Strawberry Gel with a Concentration of 83% and 75% as an Extrinsic Stain Remover." International Journal of Clinical Science and Medical Research 04, no. 05 (2024): 156–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119717.

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Abstract Strawberries have many benefits, where the malic acid contained in strawberries acts as a substance that will erode and remove several stains on the surface of teeth, including cleaning extrinsic stains. Gel preparations are widely used in medicines, cosmetics and food products, including toothpaste and teeth whitening agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of strawberry gel with a concentration of 83% and 75% in cleaning teeth with extrinsic stain on academic member of the Health Polytechnic Jakarta I. This study was an Experiment on 30 people who had up

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Nathoo, S. A., and A. Gaffar. "Studies on Dental Stains Induced by Antibacterial Agents and Rational Approaches for Bleaching Dental Stains." Advances in Dental Research 9, no. 4 (1995): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374950090041801.

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Extrinsic stain resides in the dental pellicle and can be caused by introduction of chromogenic materials or therapeutic agents into the oral cavity. In contrast, intrinsic tooth stain is found within the tooth structure and can be caused by a variety of agents, including hematological and developmental abnormalities and drugs such as tetracycline. The mechanisms of extrinsic stain formation differ with respect to the causative agent. For example, stain induced by chlorhexidine (CH) can be explained by an increased rate in the non-enzymatic browning reactions occurring at the pellicle surface,

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Karmawati, Ita Astit, Ita Yulita, Rahaju Budiarti, and Syifa Yulia Lestari. "Effectiveness of Strawberry Extract with 100% Concentration in Cleaning Teeth with Extrinsic Stain at the Academic Community of Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta I." Health Notions 4, no. 7 (2020): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/hn40701.

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Discoloration of teeth can be caused by stains on the surface of the teeth or due to changes in tooth material. Tooth stain can be extrinsic, intrinsic, or age-related. Tooth whitening (bleaching) can be done in the office and at home. Strawberry is a fruit with many benefits, one of which is whitening teeth. The content of malic acid and ellagic acid in strawberries has the effect of tooth whitening. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of strawberry extract with a concentration of 100% in cleaning teeth with the extrinsic stain on an academic member of the Health Poly

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Listari, Khusnul Munika, and Siham. "POTENTIAL OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL PASTE AS EXTRINSIC DENTAL STAIN REMOVAL." Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) 20, no. 1 (2024): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46862/interdental.v20i1.8634.

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Introduction: Dental stain is a common condition in society, apart from being an aesthetic problem it can be a predisposing factor for periodontal disease.One type of dental stain is extrinsic dental stain. Virgin Coconut Oil contains lauric acid which has the potential to remove extrinsic dental stains through the foaming mechanism. This research is to determine the effectiveness of Virgin Coconut Oil paste on removing extrinsic dental stain through an in vitro study. Material and Methods: Twenty-five post extraction premolars with extrinsic dental stain on buccal area were divided into 5 gro

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Shobana G., Muthu Karuppaiah R., Bharath Kumar Garla, Taranath M., and Palanivel Pandian R. "Effect of Whitening Toothpastes on Extrinsic Dental Stains." Journal of Advanced Oral Research 10, no. 1 (2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2320206819834411.

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Aim and objectives: To compare the effectiveness of the stain removing property of the whitening toothpastes (silica [Colgate Visible White], silica, papain and bromelain [Whitospark], and silica and calcium carbonate [Snowdent] containing toothpastes) on extrinsic dental stains and to assess the lasting of tooth whitening effect produced by the whitening toothpastes. Materials and methods: It is a randomized, concurrent parallel arm, non-invasive, controlled trial designed to compare the effectiveness of the whitening toothpastes on reducing extrinsic dental stains. Parametric t-test was used

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Annisa, Mutiara, Archadian Nuryanti, and Anne Handrini Dewi. "EFFECTIVITY OF MULTIFUNCTION HERBAL TOOTHPASTE CONTAINING BAY LEAF (EUGENIA POLYANTHA WIGHT) EXTRACT AS EXTRINSIC STAIN REMOVAL ON TEETH AND DENTURE." ODONTO : Dental Journal 9 (April 8, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.9.0.40-50.

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Background: White teeth colour influence aesthetical appearance which leads to self-confidence and quality of life. Extrinsic stain is the most common aetiology of teeth discoloration, which caused by widely consumed products such as tea, coffee, and tobacco. It also formed on denture and cause negative impacts. Commercial extrinsic stain removal toothpastes only indicated for teeth and contain chemical active agent with undesirable effects. Aim of this study is to determine effectivity of bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha Wight) extract as toothpaste active agent for extrinsic stain removal on teet

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Annisa, Mutiara, Puteri Aulia Rizqi Kanina, Nur Liyana Binti Hamid, and Archadian Nuryanti. "<strong>Effectiveness of green tea, bay leaf, and lime peel extracts as toothpastes active agents for extrinsic stain removal on teeth, artificial teeth, and denture base</strong>." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 34, no. 1 (2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol34no1.32236.

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Introduction: Tea consumption causes extrinsic stain formation on teeth and denture surfaces, affecting personal appearance. Herbal plants extract such as green tea, bay leaf, and lime peel are potentially active agents for extrinsic stain removal. This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of green tea, bay leaf, and lime peel extracts as toothpaste active agents for extrinsic stain removal on teeth, artificial teeth, and denture base. Methods: Twenty-five post-extracted human permanent central incisors, 25 artificial teeth, and 25 heat polymerised acrylic resin denture base (20x20x10mm) w

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Lee, RJ, A. Bayne, M. Tiangco, G. Garen, and AK Chow. "Prevention of tea-induced extrinsic tooth stain." International Journal of Dental Hygiene 12, no. 4 (2014): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/idh.12096.

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Annisa, Mutiara, Harsini Harsini, and Yosi Bayu Murti. "Evaluation of herbal gel toothpaste formulated using bay leaf essential oil on physicochemical characteristics and extrinsic stain removal." Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 12, no. 3 (2023): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.47.

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Introduction: Bay (Syzygium polyanthum) leaf may be used as an extrinsic stain-removing agent in toothpaste. This study assesses the formula of bay leaf essential oil toothpaste in terms of physicochemical and extrinsic stain removal properties. Methods: Using a gel composition with varying quantities of bay leaf essential oil (0%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5% v/v), tubes of toothpaste were formulated. Commercial stain-removal toothpaste was used as a positive control. Five toothpastes were evaluated based on their organoleptic properties, pH, moisture content, foaming ability, abrasiveness, spread

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Suyatmi, Dwi, and Taadi Taadi. "Pengaruh Penggunaan Bubuk Batu Kapur untuk Ekstrinsik Gigi (Noda) Pada Perokok." Journal of Oral Health Care 6, no. 2 (2018): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/ohc.v6i2.335.

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The use of tobacco products, tea, coffee, certain mouthwashes and pigments in the food causes the formation of stain. The research aimed to determine the effect of limestone powder to the cleaning of extrinsic tooth staining (stain). This study used a quasi-experimental design with the design of pre-test - Post-test Design (Campbell and Stanley, 1966, cit. Arikunto, 2006), the research done by using the first observation (pre-test) before the intervention. Furthermore, the post-test after the intervention to determine changes. Variables that influence of limestone powder. The variable affected

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Sugiharti, Rahmi, Yayah Sopianah, Rena Setiana Primawati, and Emma Kamelia. "Description of Dental and Oral Hygiene and Extrinsic Dental Stain Among E-Cigarette Smokers in the Vaper Community in Tasikmalaya City." Dental Therapist Journal 5, no. 1 (2023): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.31965/dtj.v5i1.992.

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Smoking behavior can have a negative effect on health. It not only causes a systemic effect, but can also cause pathological conditions in the oral cavity. The World Health Organization is pursuing a strategy by replacing the use of conventional cigarettes with electric cigarettes, because they do not contain tar and carbon monoxide compounds, although some evidence says that vaping or e-cigarettes have not been proven safe. This study aims to determine the description of dental and oral hygiene and extrinsic dental stain among e-cigarette smokers in the vaper community in Tasikmalaya City. Th

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Yulita, Ita, Ita Astit Karmawati, and Rahaju Budiarti. "Strawberry Extract as a Tooth Stain Remover." Health Notions 3, no. 1 (2019): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/hn.v3i1.300.

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This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of strawberry extract with100%, 75%, 50% and 25% concentration in cleaning the extrinsic stain on the teeth. The sample of the study was 32 permanent anterior teeth that were already extracted, consisting of each 16 maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and all samples have an extrinsic stain. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group consisting of 8 teeth was treated by applying the strawberry extract with the concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%. After 5 minutes, the teeth were rinsed and dried. The study was conducted in

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Butera, Andrea, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Simone Gallo, et al. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of Low-Particle-Size Toothpastes against Extrinsic Pigmentations: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial." Dentistry Journal 11, no. 3 (2023): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj11030082.

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Stain-removing domiciliary protocols are focused on the elimination of dental extrinsic pigmentations by the application of abrasive toothpastes, extensively available in commerce. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of two different stain removal molecule-formulated toothpastes by the reduction of clinical parameters: the micro-cleaning crystals and activated charcoal. A total of 40 participants with extrinsic dental pigmentations were enrolled and divided into two groups: a Control group, assigned to a toothpaste with micro-cleaning crystals (Colgate Sensation White); a

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Budirahardjo, Roedy. "Pemutihan kembali gigi yang berubah warna pada anak Dental bleaching on children with discolored teeth." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 10, no. 2 (2011): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v10i2.265.

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Dental bleaching is a process making teeth look whiter. Bleaching may be performed in two methods; by usingbleaching products or non-bleaching products. Bleaching products contain peroxide assisting to remove intrinsicand extrinsic stain, resulting in the changing of original color of teeth. Non-bleaching products contain materialsthat may work to remove extrinsic stain only, through both physical and chemical actions. The use of bleachingproducts is not always safe, therefore, they should be assumed that their benefits are over their recognizedbiological risk. The choice of bleaching method f

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Gadhia, K., R. Shah, D. Swaminathan, S. Wetton, and J. Moran. "Development of a stain shade guide to aid the measurement of extrinsic dental stain." International Journal of Dental Hygiene 4, no. 2 (2006): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2006.00179.x.

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Marya, CharuMohan, Pratibha Taneja, TanviKaur Ahuja, Ruchi Nagpal, and Sakshi Kataria. "Modified extrinsic tooth stain index and its clinical applicability." Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 27, no. 1 (2023): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_13_22.

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El-Samarrai, Sulafa. "Extrinsic black dental stains in relation to dental caries and mutans streptococci in saliva." Mustansiria Dental Journal 1, no. 2 (2004): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v1i2.1111.

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The severity of extrinsic black dental stain in relation to dental caries and levels of mutans streptococci ni saliva was studied. The study population consisted of 23 children with mean age of 8 ‡ 2.15 years. A lower caries experience was recorded among children with black stain than those with out, however a statistical difference was seen only among permanent dentition P< 0.05. A lower level of bacteria was recorded among children with the stain compared to other group, but difference was not significant P> 0.05. A strong and highly significant inverse corelation coefficient was seen

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Nurlitasari, Dewi Farida, Kadek Sugianitri, and AA Sri Wilaksmi. "Solution of 25% and 45% strawberry extract as stain extrinsic cleaning material on heat polymerised acrylic resin plates." Makassar Dental Journal 12, no. 2 (2023): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35856/mdj.v12i2.773.

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Strawberries can be used as a stain remover because they contain ellagic acid which has the potential to make teeth white and eli-minate bad breath. This study examines the effectiveness of strawberry extract as an alternative cleaning agent for stains caused by extrinsic discolouration on heat polymerised acrylic resin (HPAR) plates. Using a pretest and posttest with control group de-sign, 24 RAPP samples were soaked in coffee solution for 7 days. On the 8th day, the colour change was observed using a spec-trophotometer on the HPAR plates. The samples were divided into four groups, namely soa

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Gandolfo, Mirta, Arbelo Dario, Mirta Spadiliero-de-Lutri, and Ana María Zarate. "Relationship between extrinsic black stain and dental caries in a population of Argentina." Revista de la Facultad de Odontología 32, no. 2 (2022): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25014/revfacodont271.2020.32.2.16.

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Many published studies express that the presence of extrinsic black stain on the enamel of tooth surfaces in children and adolescents is associated with less dental caries (CD) activity, this being valid for both primary and permanent dentition.The objective or this researh was to carry out a multifactorial approach to know the relationship between the presence of extrinsic black stain and the presence of caries, in a population of the city of Córdoba, Argentina.Methods. A case-control study (5: 1) was carried out in patients of both sexes from 3 to15 years of age, between the years 2016-2019,

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Hirtz, Christophe, Atef Mahmoud Mannaa, Estelle Moulis, et al. "Deciphering Black Extrinsic Tooth Stain Composition in Children Using Metaproteomics." ACS Omega 7, no. 10 (2022): 8258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c04770.

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Agustanti, A., S. A. Ramadhani, M. Adiatman, et al. "Efficacy test of a toothpaste in reducing extrinsic dental stain." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 884 (August 2017): 012135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/884/1/012135.

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Khan, Muhammad Khalil, Syed Akhtar Hussain Bokhari, Abdul Haleem, et al. "Extrinsic Stain Removal with a Toothpowder : A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Health Sciences 8, no. 3 (2014): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0023979.

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Ellwood, R. P., R. M. Hawew, H. V. Worthington, and A. S. Blinkhorn. "Developmental enamel defects and extrinsic tooth stain in Libyan schoolchildren." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 24, no. 6 (1996): 419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00892.x.

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Biesbrock, Aaron R., Robert D. Bartizek, Patricia A. Walters, Geza T. Terezhalmy, and Julie M. Grender. "A Clinical Evaluation of Extrinsic Stain Removal: A Rotation-Oscillation Power Toothbrush versus a Dental Prophylaxis." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 9, no. 5 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-9-5-1.

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Abstract Aim To assess extrinsic stain removal efficacy of a power toothbrush and a dental prophylaxis followed by the use of a standardized American Dental Association (ADA) reference manual toothbrush. Methods and Materials This was a randomized, positive-controlled, examiner-blind, parallel group, twoweek study. A Lobene stain examination was performed at baseline. Subjects were randomized to one of two treatment groups: Group 1: Oral-B® Vitality™ Pro White power toothbrush or Group 2: Subjects receiving a dental prophylaxis then using a standardized ADA reference manual toothbrush. Subject

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Tillis, Terri S. I. "Use of a Whitening Dentifrice for Control of Chlorhexidine Stain." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 1, no. 1 (1999): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-1-1-60.

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Abstract A major drawback to clinicians prescribing and patients using chlorhexidine rinse is the development of extrinsic staining. In order to assess the effectiveness of a whitening dentifrice in controlling chlorhexidine stain, fifty-seven subjects rinsed with chlorhexidine twice daily while brushing twice daily with either fluoridated whitening or a fluoridated regular dentifrice. Stain was assessed at 1, 2, and 3 month intervals using a stain index with two components; one with parameters for color intensity and one for tooth percentage covered with stain. Facial surfaces accumulated les

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Joiner, A., N. M. Jones, and S. J. Raven. "Investigation of Factors Influencing Stain Formation Utilizing an in Situ Model." Advances in Dental Research 9, no. 4 (1995): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374950090041901.

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In order to understand the factors of extrinsic stain formation more fully, we have developed an in situ stain model. This consists of polished bovine enamel blocks attached to partial or full dentures worn by adult volunteers for 24 h per day. The dentures were cleaned twice daily with a commercial dentifrice and toothbrush, with care taken to avoid brushing the inserts. A Minolta CR321 Chroma Meter in the L*a*b* mode was used for taking reflectance measurements of the stain formed on the enamel inserts. From these values, changes in the color of the inserts were calculated and the level of s

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Addy, M., and J. Moran. "Mechanisms of Stain Formation on Teeth, in Particular Associated with Metal Ions and Antiseptics." Advances in Dental Research 9, no. 4 (1995): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374950090041601.

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Much has been written on the subject of extrinsic tooth discoloration, but, except when the pigment is intentionally applied, the etiologies and mechanisms are poorly understood. Extrinsic stains have been classified as non-metallic or metallic. The pigment usually lies not on or in the dental tissues, but in surface deposits, particularly the acquired pellicle layer and at sites receiving limited cleaning. Whether pigments absorb, adsorb, or chemically interact with dental surfaces is unclear. Some stains merely seem to reflect the color of the apparent source, whereas others have been ascrib

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Lima, Fabrício Viana Pereira, Jeovanna Brito de Moraes, Luiz Eduardo Alessio Junior, et al. "Case reports of extrinsic tooth staining by açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius): açaí-stained teeth." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 18, no. 4 (2025): e16955. https://doi.org/10.55905/revconv.18n.4-129.

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The increase in global consumption of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius), a fruit harvested mainly in the Brazilian Amazon region, can lead to the occurrence of dark spots on healthy tooth surfaces and restorative materials, compromising the aesthetics and dental health of the patient. Understanding that this fruit is being consumed worldwide, and the importance of a differentiated diagnosis, the authors of this article selected six cases of dental stains caused by the daily consumption of açaí in a city in northern Brazil - Igarapé-Mirim. Dark brown vertical dotted lines were observed in the pal

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Matheson, JR, TF Cox, N. Baylor, et al. "Effect of toothpaste with natural calcium carbonate/perlite on extrinsic tooth stain." International Dental Journal 54 (October 2004): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2004.tb00006.x.

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Devila, A., R. Lasta, L. Zanella, MA Dall Agnol, and SA Rodrigues-Junior. "Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Whitening Dentifrices Compared With Other Products: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Operative Dentistry 45, no. 2 (2020): E77—E90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/18-298-l.

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SUMMARY Whitening dentifrices (WDs) are widespread and accessible worldwide, claiming to whiten teeth. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to assess the extrinsic stain removal (ESR), the whitening potential, and the adverse effects of WDs. Randomized controlled trials comparing WDs with regular dentifrices (RDs) and other home-based whitening products were searched at NCBI-PubMed, Cochrane-CENTRAL, EBSCO-Host, and clinicaltrials.gov. The studies were screened and had data extracted by two independent researchers. Eligible studies presented outcomes of ESR, color change, and adverse effect

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Tirth, Amit, BK Srivastava, Ramesh Nagarajappa, and TL Ravishankar. "An Investigation into Black Tooth Stain Among School Children in Chakkar Ka Milak of Moradabad City, India." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 3, no. 2 (2009): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-3-2-34.

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ABSTRACT Background Tooth discoloration is a frequent dental finding associated with clinical and esthetic problems. It differs in etiology, appearance, composition, location and severity. During routine school dental camps we found that there is black discoloration of tooth in children in a particular area of Moradabad city. Objective To assess the prevalence and to investigate the reasons for the black stains among school children of Moradabad city. Methods Three schools present in the municipal ward were selected for the study. All the children studying in the above schools were subjected t

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Chakravarthy, P. K., and S. Acharya. "Efficacy of Extrinsic Stain Removal by Novel Dentifrice Containing Papain and Bromelain Extracts." Journal of Young Pharmacists 4, no. 4 (2012): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-1483.104368.

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Chen, Ying, Guili Dou, Dandan Wang, et al. "Comparative Microbial Profiles of Caries and Black Extrinsic Tooth Stain in Primary Dentition." Caries Research 55, no. 4 (2021): 310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000517006.

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Extrinsic black tooth stain (BS) is a common oral disease associated with lower caries experience in preschool children, although the microbiotic features contributing to the low risk of caries in this group remain elusive. In this study, we aimed at identifying the dominant bacteria in dental plaque to indicate the incidence of caries in the primary dentition. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on the clinical examination: group CF, children without pigment who had no caries lesions or restorations (<i>n</i> = 18); group CS, children who were diagnosed with severe early chi

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Adcock, Kim G., and Shirley M. Hogan. "Extrinsic Iron Staining in Infant Teeth from Iron-Fortified Formula and Rice Cereal." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 13, no. 3 (2008): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-13.3.162.

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Extrinsic staining of teeth due to excessive iron intake has been reported previously in the literature. We describe a 7-month-old infant who presented with extrinsic teeth staining due to inadvertent over consumption of dietary iron. The infant was fed iron-fortified formula and rice cereal. Rice cereal, fortified with iron, was being used as part of a normal infant diet and as a thickening agent when added to the formula for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. After several months of administration, “blackening” of the infant's teeth was noted by the mother. The stain was removed by the pe

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Özcan, M., Y. Kulak, and E. Kazazoglu. "The efficacy of two prototype chewing gums for the removal of extrinsic tooth stain." International Dental Journal 53, no. 2 (2003): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2003.tb00660.x.

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Manjula Turamari and Kshitija Tigale. "Assessment of efficacy of Kankshi Bhasma Dhantadhavana in extrinsic dental stain an observational study." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 9, no. 3 (2024): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.9.3.7.

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Chewing tobacco and use of SLT (smokeless tobacco) products cause considerable staining of teeth among users. Discolouration of the teeth is a common complication of tobacco chewing. The stains bind and penetrate the enamel, dentin, root surfaces causing a brown to black discolouration. Tobacco stains cause the enamel to wear away over time. This exposes the dentin (a softer layer of teeth underneath the enamel), which starts to show through, teeth will look increasingly more yellow. These stains can also lead to gum diseases. Artificial dentures, prosthesis is also discoloured by prolonged to

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Zhang, F., Y. Li, Z. Xun, Q. Zhang, H. Liu, and F. Chen. "A preliminary study on the relationship between iron and black extrinsic tooth stain in children." Letters in Applied Microbiology 64, no. 6 (2017): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lam.12728.

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Amanah, Siti. "Motivasi dan Culture Shock Mahasiswa Asing di STAIN KEDIRI Dalam Lingkungan Budaya Kediri." JURNAL SOSIAL POLITIK 4, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sospol.v4i1.5254.

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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis motivasi mahasiswa Thailand belajar di Indonesia dan culture shock yang dialami. Sebagai penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, penentuan subjek penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan informan mahasiswa Thailand STAIN Kediri tahun ajaran 2013/2014, pimpinan STAIN Kediri, dan pihak-pihak lain yang relevan. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Analisis data digunakan model analisa data interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data

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Sofya, Pocut A., Liana Rahmayani, Poppy Andriany, and Nyak A. Zaqny. "Effect of papaya extract (Carica papaya L.) on color changes of dental elements due to coffee extrinsic stain: An experimental laboratory study." Journal of International Oral Health 15, no. 6 (2023): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_104_23.

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Abstract Aim: Papaya fruit was known to have papain enzymes that are able to break down the protein that makes up plaque, where extrinsic stains attach to teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of papaya fruit extract (Carica papaya L.) on color change of denture elements due to coffee extrinsic stain. Materials and Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory using pre-test and post-test designs. The specimens used in this study were elements of the maxillary central incisor (24 acrylic resin dentures) that have been stained by coffee, totaling 6 specimens per grou

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salem, eman mohamed, rehab samir salama, Rabab K. ElGhandour, Hagar S. Gharib, and Omnia M. AbdElfatah. "Effect of different polishing strategies on extrinsic stain removal in primary teeth: An in-vitro study." Egyptian Dental Journal 71, no. 1 (2025): 277–90. https://doi.org/10.21608/edj.2024.325480.3218.

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Chauhan, Sana, Rohit Nagar, Saleem Azhar, and Rajendra Singh. "Vital tooth bleaching- A case report." UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES 6, no. 2 (2020): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ujds.2020.6.2.9.

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Abstract Nothing could be more desirable than a sparkling white smile. A shining, beautiful smile has been a symbol of health & vitality since the centenary. Discoloration of a tooth is a common esthetic problem caused by either extrinsic or intrinsic factor. The normal color of tooth can be re-established by decolorizing the stain with the powerful oxidizing agent such as 35 percent hydrogen peroxide, which is directly placed on the labial surface of the tooth to be treated. Dental bleaching offers a conservative & simplified approach to change the color of discolored teeth. Thi

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Collins, L. Z., M. Naeeni, F. Schäfer, et al. "The effect of a calcium carbonate/perlite toothpaste on the removal of extrinsic tooth stain in two weeks." International Dental Journal 55 (June 2005): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2005.tb00056.x.

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Joiner, Andrew. "Review of the extrinsic stain removal and enamel/dentine abrasion by a calcium carbonate and perlite containing whitening toothpaste." International Dental Journal 56, no. 4 (2006): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2006.tb00091.x.

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Endrowahyudi, Hartanto, Asih Rahaju, and Maria Margareta Dian Puspita. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BAKING SODA (Sodium Bicarbonate) 20%, 40%, AND 60% ON TEETH THAT HAVE COFFEE STAIN." Journal of Health and Dental Sciences 2, Volume 2 No 3 (2023): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54052/jhds.v2n3.p467-478.

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Coffee consumption can cause extrinsic discoloration. A treatment that can be done to improve tooth discoloration is bleaching. Bleaching procedures can be carried out using alternative materials that do not cause side effects on dental and oral health, such as baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of baking soda 20%, 40%, and 60% on teeth that were discolored by coffee. The study used experimental research with a pretest-posttest group design with a total of 27 premolars study samples divided into three treatment groups: soaking the teeth in a soluti

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Dal Piva, Amanda Maria de Oliveira, Marco Antonio Bottino, Lilian Costa Anami, et al. "Toothbrushing Wear Resistance of Stained CAD/CAM Ceramics." Coatings 11, no. 2 (2021): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020224.

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Aim: To investigate the effect of toothbrushing on different stained Computerd Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing CAD/CAM ceramics. Materials and Methods: Fifty specimens (high translucency zirconia, YZHT; zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate, ZLS; feldspathic, FDL; hybrid ceramic, HC; all from Vita Zahnfabrik) were divided into five groups according to their staining technique. ZLS allowed the composition of two groups: ZLS1 with crystallization and staining together; ZLS2, with the stain firing after the crystallization. YZHT received a stain firing after the sintering process, and FD

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Kakita, Yutaka, Kiyohiko Oshiro, D. Sean O'Briain, and Prem Puri. "Selective Demonstration of Mural Nerves in Ganglionic and Aganglionic Colon by Immunohistochemistry for Glucose Transporter-1." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, no. 9 (2000): 1314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-1314-sdomni.

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Abstract Objective.—Hypertrophic nerves have long been considered a histopathologic feature of the aganglionic segment in Hirschsprung disease, but they remain incompletely explained. The purpose of this study was to define the nature and diagnostic importance of hypertrophic nerves in Hirschsprung disease and to clarify their relation to nearby smaller nerve fibers. Methods.—We used an immunoperoxidase staining technique to compare the distribution of 2 nerve markers—erythrocyte-type glucose transporter (GLUT-1), a marker of perineurium, and nerve growth factor receptor, a marker of both nerv

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Zarineh, Alireza, Marino E. Leon, Reda S. Saad, and Jan F. Silverman. "Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis in an Adult, a Potential Mimic of Gastric Carcinoma." Pathology Research International 2010 (September 1, 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/614280.

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Primary or idiopathic hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle (IHPM) is a rare entity with uncertain pathogenesis which both clinically and pathologically mimics gastric cancer. We present a rare late-occurring case of IHPM in a 71-year-old Caucasian man with no apparent predisposing factor. Imaging studies demonstrated gastric distension with air fluid levels and no evidence of extrinsic compression. At upper endoscopy, massive gastric distension and no evidence of any ulcer or other mucosal defects were observed. Microscopically, marked hypertrophy of muscularis mucosa with smooth muscle cells arr

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Robertson, P. B., M. M. Walsh, and J. C. Greene. "Oral Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Use by Professional Baseball Players." Advances in Dental Research 11, no. 3 (1997): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374970110030101.

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This is a review of studies conducted from 1988-90 on the oral consequences of snuff and chewing tobacco use among professional baseball players. About half of the players studied were smokeless tobacco (ST) users, the majority of whom used snuff. Compared with non-users, players who used ST showed a significantly higher prevalence of leukoplakia, which was related to placement of the ST quid, and the frequency, amount, duration, and type of ST used. Sites adjacent to these mucosal lesions showed an increased prevalence of gingival recession with associated attachment loss, cervical abrasion,

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Alshehri, Abdullah, Basil Almutairi, Carlos A. Jurado, et al. "Biomimetic Whitening Effect of Polyphosphate-Bleaching Agents on Dental Enamel." Biomimetics 7, no. 4 (2022): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7040183.

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This in vitro study investigated the extrinsic tooth-whitening effect of bleaching products containing polyphosphates on the dental enamel surface compared to 10% carbamide peroxide (CP). Eighty human molars were randomly allocated into four whitening-products groups. Group A (control) was treated with 10% CP (Opalescence). The other groups with non-CP over-the-counter (OTC) products were group B = polyphosphates (iWhiteWhitening-Kit); group C = polyphosphates+fluoride (iWhite-toothpaste); and group D = sodium bicarbonate (24K-Whitening-Pen). L *, a *, b * color-parameters were spectrophotomet

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Goyal, C. R., N. C. Sharma, J. G. Qaqish, M. A. Cugini, M. C. Thompson, and P. R. Warren. "Efficacy of a novel brush head in the comparison of two power toothbrushes on removal of plaque and naturally occurring extrinsic stain." Journal of Dentistry 33 (June 2005): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-5712(05)80006-5.

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