Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Extrusion de matière'
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Mezreb-Benazzouk, Katiba. "Contribution à l'élaboration des snacks de 2ème et de 3ème génération : compréhension des relations technologies - matière." Amiens, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AMIE0212.
Full textDuveau, Hervé. "Amélioration d'un processus de fabrication de filets en matière thermoplastique : maitrise de la mise en forme de polymère par extrusion." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10076.
Full textN'diaye, Senghane. "Fractionnement de la matière végétale : mise au point d'un procédé thermo-mécano-chimique et modélisation du fonctionnement du réacteur bi-vis." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT040G.
Full textBoissonnat, Philippe. "Étude paramétrique et modélisation des écoulements de la matière par analyse de la distribution des temps de séjour dans trois cuiseurs-extrudeurs bi-vis." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD283.
Full textRatsimba, Alice. "Élaboration d’objets en cuivre par fabrication additive par extrusion de matière : Etude de la faisabilité : cas de pâtes chargées utilisant des hydrogels de polysaccarides comme systèmes liants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0054.
Full textAmong the seven additive manufacturing methods applied to metals, Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (EAM) appears as a promising technique to produce copper objects. This indirect forming process involves conveying a material and pushing it through an orifice to form strands of material. Three-dimensional objects are built by stacking successive layers from a mixture of metal powder particles and a binding system.Typical formulations for this process include a thermoplastic binder, and the materials are usually packaged in filament form, which is complex to handle and convey. In addition, post-processing steps are usually lengthy and require specific equipment, which can lead to high costs and production lead times.In this perspective, the use of formulations using biobased binder systems appears to be a promising alternative, offering potential advantages in terms of production speed, energy efficiency and environmental impact. The considered materials are metal pastes based on polysaccharide hydrogels loaded with copper powder. The main objective of this work is to study the suitability of the behaviour of these formulations with the extrusion additive manufacturing process. Defining printability criteria helps to understand relationships between the properties of the formulations, the course of the shaping process, and the quality of the obtained objects
Patria, Anshar. "Relations entre viscosité et expansion d'amidons extrudés." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT2098.
Full textAkraim, Fowad. "Effet du traitement thermique des graines de lin sur la biohydrogénation ruminale des acides gras polyinsaturés et la qualité de la matière grasse du lait de vache." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7300/1/akraim.pdf.
Full textDubrocq-Baritaud, Claire. "Mécanismes d'action de "Polymer Processing Aids" fluorés durant l'extrusion d'un polyéthylène basse densité linéaire : études expérimentales et interprétations." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00375970/en/.
Full textVoisin, Isabelle. "Influence de divers ingrédients alimentaires sur le procédé de cuisson-extrusion et sur les propriétés physiques d'extrudes à base de produits amylacés." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD644.
Full textCélarier, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude des instabilités à l'interface de deux fluides polymères en coextrusion annulaire : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STET4004.
Full textBourrigaud, Sylvain. "Etude de la modification des propriétés rhéologiques induite par l'écoulement : application à l'extrusion-couchage." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3030.
Full textIn polymer processing one can observe a modification of the rheological properties during the extrusion process. This phenomenon also called "shear modification" or "shear refining" has been well characterized from an experimental point of view, although the molecular mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are still not really understood. In this study we present relevant experimental data ranging from the processing scale up to the laboratory scale. In particular we evaluate the respective effects of the reversible physical modification with respect to the irreversible chemical degradation, on the extrusion coating performances of two commecial low density polyethylenes. The laboratory scale approach shows some very specific recovery kinetics of the original rheological properties; it also allows to make a qualitative comparison of long chain branching and molecular weigth distribution effects. Our results show that one may consider two different timescales: one corresponding to relatively short times linked to a "regular" stress relaxation and the other corresponding to longer relaxation times associated with a slow recovery kinetics. We thus developped a model based on recent concepts of molecular dynamics which relate the disentanglement mechanism to the chain conformation relaxation. This model shows in particular that one can explain qualitatively the experimental results without any additional material parameter. Finally, we try to relate the "shear modification" effects to extrusion parameters in order to integrate this phenomenon in the optimization of processing performances
Truchassou, Anne-Sophie. "Etude de la résistance aux chocs de tubes PVC à parois structurées : influence du procédé de fabrication sur les propriétés finales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/LICHTLE_Anne-Sophie_2007.pdf.
Full textCurrently, the multi-layer PVC pipes, used for sewage systems does not guarantee an enough impact resistance. A study was thus undertaken to improve the toughness of pipes. The analyse of the manufacturing process, the extrusion, shows that this process is complex. The awaited properties of the pipes depend on parameters related to the manufacturing process like to the product. It exists a real difficulty to find the crucial parameters on which to act to improve the toughness. To identify them, instrumented impact tests were realized. These tests show that thoughness is not homogeneous aroud the pipe. There are zones of weakest strength to the level of the welding surfaces, created during the manufacturing. To reduce the impact of these surfaces on the pipe toughness, a 3D numerical model of the melt flow was set up. A modification of the dies was proposed
Peyrat, Eric. "Nouveau composite biodégradable obtenu à partir de maïs plante entière : étude du procédé de transformation thermo-mécano-chimique en extrudeur bi-vis et de la mise en forme par injection-moulage." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT100G.
Full textLavernhe-Gerbier, Alexandrine. "Modèles moléculaires appliqués aux instabilités d'écoulement de polymères fondus." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3023.
Full textThe extrusion process of polymers is often limited in flow by instabilities. Indeed, at small flow rate, the extrudate is smooth, then when increase the flow rate, we find successively the sharkskin defect, the spurt and the gross melt fracture. The goal of this thesis, is to understand the molecular origin of the sharkskin and the spurt for, in fine, increasing the rate of production by modifying the molecular weight distribution or the tacticity of linear polymers. After a bibliographical study, which makes a state of the knowledge on the the sharkskin and the spurt, we have studied the linear and non-linear viscoelasticity properties of linear polymer of various chemical species. We have modelled the rheological results, in small and large deformations with the Doi͏̈-Edwards model. The validation of this model in the simple flows, enabled us to apply it in the case of the flow of a polymer in a flat die in order to predict the velocity profile and to show a link between the sharkskin defect and the velocity profile. To explain the origin and the mechanism of this defect, we were interested in the theory of Griffith and the model of the trumpet of de Gennes. This enabled us to find a solution to shift the sharkskin defect. To explain the spurt, we proposed a model of slip based on concepts developed by de Gennes and Brochard. According to our approach, the mechanism of slip would be due to a thermodynamic phenomenon between the molecules of surface "the pseudo brush" and those of volume
Mercier, Mathilde. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation d'un procédé d'élaboration par extrusion réactive de mélanges de polymères compatibilisés : caractérisation hydrodynamique du procédé : couplage des processus de plastification et de fonctionnement de polymères par greffage." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL092N.
Full textGoutille, Yannick. "Contribution à l'étude de l'origine de la rupture d'extrudat des polymères fondus : effets d'une filtration à l'entrée des filières d'extrusion." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STET4014.
Full textTwo linear and star-branched statistic styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymers are extruded. The succession and evolution of the different flow defects are clearly identified. The influence of extrusion parameters on defects (flow rate, temperature, die entrance angle, surface roughness of the die entrance) is investigated. . . [etc. ]
Lejeune, Nicolas. "Elaboration de nouvelles charges à base de cyclotriphosphazène : application à l'ignifugation de polymères." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2078.
Full textPolymer materials are widely used in various fields. Nevertheless their use is limited by some disadvantage due to their low thermal stability. The dispersion of fire retardants in the polymer matrix is the main method to improve its thermal stability. However compounds which are used currently either produce toxic smokes during combustion or must be used in huge ratio at the expense of mechanical properties. Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds are known for their good thermal stability, therefore cyclotriphosphazenes should constitute a new generation of non-halogen fire retardant. To improve the fire stability of polymer by incorporation of cyclotriphosphazenes, a way of synthesis was drawn up to prepare cyclotriphosphazenes functionalized by reactive functions which are able to react with the polymer matrix and/or to form particles by homopolymerisation. These functionalized cyclotriphosphazenes were analyzed by different techniques such as NMR spectroscopy, liquid chromatography, steric exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry. In a second part, a prospective study on the dispersion and reactivity of cyclotriphosphazenes by extrusion was conducted with different polymers: polyamide 12, polyethylene and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) using a cyclotriphosphazene mass ratio of 10%. Thermal stability of these compounds was evaluated by thermogravimetric analyses and LOI measurements
Guyony, Valerie. "Caractérisation et optimisation du procédé de cuisson extrusion humide de matières protéiques végétales pour ’obtention d’une texture fibreuse." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ONIR149F.
Full textAs vegetarian trends are growing, meat analogues, trying to mimic the appearance, texture and taste of meat, have emerged since the 2000s. Texturization process used is generally extrusion cooking. This thesis focuses on the texturization of plant proteins by wet extrusion cooking, and more specifically on the optimization of fibration in order to imitate as closely as possible the fibrous texture characteristic of meat. The objectives of the thesis are the understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena occurring during the wet extrusion cooking process and the optimization of process and raw material parameters to maximize the intensity of fibration. Among the process parameters, particular attention was paid to two main parameters: the dimensions of the die and the cooling temperature of the extrudat in the die. The study of raw material parameters was carried out by analyzing, on the one hand, the impact of the physico-chemical and functional properties of two different soy concentrates and, on the other, the impact of the addition of wheat gluten and/or pea isolate or fiber on the textural properties and fibration of the extrudate obtained. Finally, extrudate were transformed into meat analog steaks. The manufacturing process and reference recipe, based on the use of dehydrated textured proteins, have been adapted to allow their substitution by wet extrudates
Deme, Florian. "Réalisation de mélanges farine plastifiée / polyester thermoplastique par extrusion bi-vis pour des applications films." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP0053.
Full textThis PhD thesis is part of the CEREMAT project, who aims to develop new, bio-based cereal materials. The consortium built around this project together four academic partners CEMEF, LPMM, LMI, and three industrial partners ENSCCF ULlCE, BARBER, Biobasic ENVIRONMENT. The scope of the project focuses on flexible films, films that can be used in agriculture (mulch films), tee-shirt bags or in the packaging sector. The work performed in this thesis involved the study of methods of compounding, for different varieties of maize flour, with different levels of plasticizers. The work showed significant differences depending on the flour or starch variety, based on the amylose (linear molecule) and amylopectin (hyperbranched molecule) content. In fact he amylose /amylopectin ration is completely changing the thermal, rheological properties of plasticized flour and consequently their processing skills. The morphologies of blends produced are also highly dependent on varieties, rates of plasticizers and specific mechanical energy applied during mixing. We have seen that by changing these parameters it was possible to adjust the blend's morphologies depending on the application aimed. These blends were made at pilot scale and on an industrial scale (200 kg per hour). Blend with finest morphologies have been used to make films about 10μm thickness on industrial production lines
Carin, Aurélien. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation thermomécanique de l'étape de calibration dans le procédé d'extrusion de tubes en polyamide 12." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1313.
Full textIn polyamide 12 tube extrusion, calibration - or sizing - is the key step that affects subsequent mechanical properties. Influence of calibration is twofold. Since it combines a quenching and a mechanical drawing of the tube external surface, high molecular orientation is generated in this zone. We have shown quantitatively that increasing the lubrication level leads to a diminution of the draw ratio in calibrator, DrCAL (ratio between line velocity and velocity at the calibrator entrance). Excellent correlation has been found between tube superficial orientation (Dn) and DrCAL: a reduced elongation of the polymer in the calibrator leads to less superficial orientation. A thermomechanical model was used to predict temperatures in the tube thickness and to show how drawing forces, concentrated at the external skin during the crystallization, lead to orientation. Besides, elongation at break has been found to strongly depend on Dn and on the surface defects resulting from calibration
Gobeau, Jean-François. "Etude expérimentale et simulation numérique 3D par éléments finis de l'écoulement dans les filières d'extrusion de profilés PVC." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0790.
Full textDušek, Otakar. "Výroba uzavřené matice objemovým tvářením." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231211.
Full textFouilloux, Alessandro. "Formulations du glycérol pour l'amélioration et l'élargissement des propriétés de fonction du film de caséinate de sodium." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES021.
Full textIn a context of sustainable development, sodium caseinate (neutralized form of milk protein, casein) is transformed into a thermoplastic material by plastic processing such as extrusion. Studies conducted for more than 20 years have shown that glycerol is an unavoidable plasticizer for this biodegradable and edible matrix.In this manuscript, formulations of glycerol have been successfully carried out. Firstly, addition of triethanolamine and/or sodium hexametaphosphate with glycerol allows a modification of the film properties (mechanical or water sensitive properties). On the other hand, formulation of glycerol as a lipid/ glycerol emulsion allows a transport of hydrophobic compounds in the sodium caseinate matrix. Studied lipids are hazelnut oil, thermally stable, and oleic acid. Thanks to a hazelnut oil/glycerol emulsion, it is possible to transport an active lipophilic ingredient: essential oil of bitter almond, known for its antimicrobian properties. Moreover, a vectorization of rosemary extract with antioxidant properties is possible with 100% natural microcapsules.This manuscript shows the ability fo sodium caseinate films to be oriented into "smart packaging", that can be used in many sectors such as food industry or detergency
Charlon, Sébastien. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nouveaux systèmes nanocomposites à propriétés de transport contrôlées. Impact d'un nouveau procédé de mise en oeuvre." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES011.
Full textDuring the last decades, a waste-reduction program, specifically for plastic packaging, was promoted due to environmental drawbacks with the development of biodegradable polymers. However, barrier properties of these biodegradable materials must be often improved to be competitive with common polyolefins (PE, PP, PET, etc. ). In this objective, the incorporation of nanofillers using industrializable processes seems to be a promising approach. Indeed, the introduction of inorganic nanofillers like clays (montmorillonite) into a polymer matrix often increased barrier properties of the polymer matrix. In this study, composites were prepared from biodegradable matrices such as Poly(Putylene Succinate) (PBS) and Poly(Butylène Succinate-co-butylène Adipate) (PBSA) loaded with Cloisite Na+ or Cloisite 30B. An extrusion process was applied with the use of liquid water injection under high pressure and high temperature into thermo-moulding or extrusion-calandaring processes. Kinetic permeation revealed changes in barrier properties as function of the elaboration process or the polymer matrix used. These results were explained from structural charectirizations (DSC, XRD) and microscopy observations (TEM) in order to correlate barrier peoperties to the dispersion and exfoliationlevels of fillers into the polymer matrices, to the degrees of cristallinity and to the rigid amorphous fractions (RAF) of the bio-polymers
Godin, Marie-Christine. "Valorisation de plastiques recyclés en provenance des centres de tri." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29740/29740.pdf.
Full textLandreau, Emmanuel. "Matériaux issus de ressources renouvelables. Mélanges amidon plastifié/PA11 compatibilisés." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000801.pdf.
Full textTo develop renewable resources based material, plasticized starch were blend with polyamide 11, a bio-based polymer from castor oil, to improve its mechanical properties and water resistance. Through the high polarity of the amide group, the blends need a compatibilizer to be efficient. The different molecules tested are polysaccharides with anionic groups known to interact with polyamide: sodium alginate, carraghenan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Tests runs in blender show that only sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) can improve blend tensile properties. Optimization of the plasticizer, the compatibilizer level and the blend process lead to a mainly starch based material (70%) with a high tensile strength (15 MPa) and elongation at break (130%) with only 1% of CMC. These materials were blends in a twin screw extruder to be studied. SEM, solvent extraction, rheology and electrical resistance mesurment show a continuous PA phase up to 80% of starch. The polysaccharide has a mainly nodular morphology with a partial percolation around 30% starch. Isolated nodules co-exist with a co-continous structure up very high starch content. CMC reduce interfacial tension and nodule size preventing their coalescence. Compostability test on blends, show that starch mineralization is complete whatever its concentration is, but PA remain resistant to biodegradation
Ville, d'Avray Marie-Amélie de. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un outil de simulation de procédés de transformation physico-chimique de matières premières issues des agro ressources : application aux procédés de transformation de biopolymères par extrusion réactive." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECAP0020/document.
Full textThe development of biorefineries requires integrating and optimizing plants and handling a large number of material flows and unit operations. The development of a process simulator dedicated to this field would thus be of great interest. This is what we intended to initiate by relying on the example of the oxidation of biopolymers by reactive extrusion. Reactive extrusion is characterized by a strong coupling between flow, heat transfer and reaction kinetics. This coupling depends on the desired reactions. We here intended to elaborate aflexible model, being easily integrated into a static process simulator, and enabling to reach agood compromise between the predictive character of the model and the amount of experiments required to adjust model parameters. Therefore, we adopted a hybrid modelling approach combining a flow description based on ideal reactors and continuum mechanics laws. Flow is modeled as a cascade of continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) with possible backflow. Flow rates between CSTRs are calculated using physical laws taking into account the operating conditions and geometric parameters of the equipment. Each CSTR is characterized by a filling ratio, which depends on the operating conditions. The calculation of steady-state filling ratio, pressure and flow rates between the CSTRs is achieved by performing a material balance in each CSTR. Material temperature in each CSTR is calculated through a thermal balance. The chemical modification of the material is described using three reactions: the oxidative depolymerization, the formation of functional groups(carbonyl and carboxyl) and the thermomechanical degradation of the biopolymer induced by heating and shearing. The number-averaged and weight-averaged molecular weight of the biopolymer and the oxidant content in each CSTR are computed simultaneously by applying the moment operation to population balance equations. Viscosity is linked to the mean molecular weight. An iterative algorithm enables to couple material balance, thermal balance and reaction kinetics. The experimental data required for model validation were provided by the experimental platform developed at the CVG (Centre de Valorisation des Glucides,Amiens, France) in the frame of the Synthons program. A method was proposed in order to adjust model parameters with a minimal number of experimental data, enabling to assess the predictive character of the model. Once the parameters were adjusted, the reactive extrusion model enabled to reproduce the experimental results obtained with different raw materials,flow rates, screw rotation speeds, and using two extruders with different size and screw configuration. The integration of the reactive extrusion model into a process simulator - the USIM PAC software - enabled to simplify its implementation. This constitutes a promising step in a perspective of process optimization and scale-up, and enables to simulate a reactive extrusion operation within a global plant simulator
Pujos, Cyril. "Estimation de la rhéologie d'un polymère dans une filière d'extrusionSimulation d'écoulement avec transferts thermiques et inversion de mesures." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13253.
Full textZusatz, Bénédicte. "Contributions à la caractérisation en ligne de l'élaboration de mélanges de polymère réactifs dans une extrudeuse bivis." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13108.
Full textGuidez, Adeline. "Polymères biodégradables compoundés par extrusion assistée eau : Optimisation du procédé et des propriétés d’usage du matériau." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10187.
Full textWater-assisted extrusion is a method based on the conventional reactive extrusion. The feature of this method is the introduction of a water injection pump at the compression zone of the extruder machine. This process has already been proven in the nanocomposite formulation, usually based on polyamide (PA) matrix with clay nanofillers. The water acts as exfoliating thus allowing better dispersion of the clay within the matrix. A second role was observed, water would act as a plasticizer during extrusion limiting the material. In this context, water-assisted extrusion was studied using two different profile screw, where the second profile is an optimisation from the first. Polyamide 6 (PA6) was used as material reference in order to select new biodegradable polymers. Two polyesters, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate adipate) (PBSA) have shown similar abilities comparared with PA6 extruded under water. After extrusion of the polymers with water injection, a limitation on the decrease in molecular weight was observed. Mechanical and rheological properties of PA6 were improved. Subsequently, an application of this method was conducted on the formulation of a PBS matrix composite based on two types of nanofillers clay in order to improve the mechanical properties of PBS and evaluate the water influence during the extrusion process according to the clay used
Nottez, Mélanie. "Développement de films d’emballage alimentaire à haute teneur en matières thermoplastiques à base d’amidon." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10197.
Full textThe aim of this work is the development of food packaging films with a high concentration of biobased raw materials, and the optimization of the usual properties. The addition of G1, basic grade of the starch grafted polyolefin, significantly deteriorates the optical properties together with the tear strength of the obtained films. The interfacial adhesion LDPE / G1 is insufficient for a use in the field of food packaging, because of an incompatibility between LDPE and the PP part of the starch grafted polyolefin. Some improvements of this adhesion are observed, in particular by increasing the extrusion temperature of G1, the temperature of the die, or by the modification of the bio-based resin. The interfacial adhesion PEgMA / G1 is also relatively low, for the same reasons as mentioned above. The replacement of PEgMA by PPgMA provides excellent adhesion at the interface without deteriorating the adhesion between the binder and EVOH. Finally, the study of the fracture behavior of the films made from three grades of the starch grafted polyolefin is produced by the method of essential work of fracture. An increase of 85 % of the toughness is observed, between the base grade and the highest modified grade. This difference can be attributed to the increase in molecular weight induced by the modification of bio-based resin. In addition, the digital image correlation provides access to local deformations of the double notched specimens. It also serves to show the symmetry of all the specimens. By following the ligament size over time, it is shown that the crack starts growing at 95% of the maximum force, showing a complete plasticization ligament before the crack growth
Monchatre, Benjamin. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale d'un outil de mélange de type co-malaxeur : application aux polymères." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4013/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD work is to gain a better understanding of the co-kneading process, whose knowledge is still lacking compared to other types of mixer such as the single screw extruder or the twin-screw extruder. This manuscript features several experimental studies about the co-kneader. The influence of screw speed and throughput was explored by measurements of the residence time distribution, material temperature, die pressure, filling rate, as well as dispersion of glass fibers. The influence of the viscosity of the polymer melt on the residence time distribution, die pressure and temperature within the co-kneader, was also investigated by varying the barrel temperature or the molecular weight of the polymer. The RTD is similar regardless of the viscosity, despite differences in pressure and material temperature. The influence of the screw profile on the RTD was obtained by experiments interchanging locally the types of elements (conveying and mixing). A method of measurement of the pressure along the barrel by micro-capillary extrusion through the location of pins in the barrel was developped, pressure gradients are similar to those obtained in twin-screw extruders. Finally, a series of experiments was dedicated to the gelation of PVC evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively, and showed that the temperature governs the gelation rate
Benchaar, Chaouki. "Effets de la cuisson-extrusion des graines protéagineuses (lupin et féverole) sur l'utilisation digestive des matières azotées chez le ruminant : bilans nutritionnels chez la vache laitière." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT003A.
Full textAkraim, Fowad Enjalbert Francis. "Effet du traitement thermique des graines de lin sur la biohydrogénation ruminale des acides gras polyinsaturés et la qualité de matière grasse du lait de vache." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000130.
Full textCarré, Méline. "Développement de nouveaux polymères fonctionnels et intelligents, ayant des propriétés optiques modifiables sur demande." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021MULH4570.
Full textThermoplastics are a class of polymers widely used in industry because of their low processing costs. Pellets of thermoplastic are heated and then the melted thermoplastic can take every shape. Several methods can be used like injection molding, extrusion, thermoforming or 3D printing to give the shape. No solvent is required during the process. The interesting characteristic is that thermoplastics are recyclable, unlike the other class of polymer called thermoset. In fact, the material could be reheated to be remolded several times without affecting the chemical structure. All of these attract the interest of several sectors like medicine, aeronautics or automobile. The aim of this work is to develop smart thermoplastics with new additional properties. Additives are incorporated into the thermoplastic to give stimuli responsive properties. Usually additives are mixed with resin and the ink is applied to the surface or thermoplastics are solved to be mixed with additives. In this study, we want to avoid coating and solvent in order to obtain intrinsic properties by cleaning way. Therefore, additives are mixed with melted thermoplastic. The difficulty is to incorporate the additive and mold thermoplastics at high temperature (from 150 °C to 300 °C) without damaging additives
Poisson, Charles. "Optimisation de films complexes PE/Liant/PA à propriétés d'usage maîtrisées." Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10152.
Full textThe modification of the microstructure and the interdiffusion as well as the intermolecular interactions induced by addition of EVA in the PE layer PE/binder/PA packaging films improve the seal ability and the optical properties without degradation of the mechanical and adhesion performances. Only the sleep ability is deteriorated. The addition of EVA in the tie layer improve the PEgMAH/PA6-66 adhesion properties modification of the type and the density of the intermolecular interactions between tie layer, PA and EVA. The substitution of a linear PA6 by a branched leads to a degradation of the PEgMAH/PA6 adhesion properties which is mainly controlled by the contact time between the polymers. The slip ability was adjusted by addition of slip agents in the (PE+EVA) layer whose efficiency is limited by the presence of the adjacent layers and the formation of a non-uniform lubricating layer. The use of nanofillers in the PA6 layer leads to an improvement of the mechanical properties but a limited reduction of the gas permeability
Martin, Olivier. "Etude de la coextrusion de systèmes biodégradables à base d'amidon de blé plastifié." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMS013.
Full textLebaal, Nadhir. "Optimisation de la tête d'extrusion pour la fabrication de pièces thermoplastiques." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343764.
Full textUne procédure d'optimisation, basée sur la méthode de surface de réponse, a été proposée. Celle-ci nous a permis de résoudre un problème d'optimisation implicite dont l'évaluation des fonctions est très coûteuse en temps de calcul. Pour cela, toutes les fonctions sont écrites sous une forme explicite en utilisant soit l'approximation diffuse ou l'interpolation Krigeage. Compte tenu de la présence des contraintes non linéaires, un algorithme itératif de type SQP, a été utilisé. Pour localiser l'optimum global avec précision et à moindre coût, une procédure d'échantillonnage auto adaptatif de l'espace de recherche a été appliquée et plusieurs stratégies permettant de réactualiser les approximations et le point initial ont été adoptées.
Dans la première étape l'objectif était d'identifier le comportement rhéologique d'une matière plastique en production. La comparaison avec des mesures en rhéométrie capillaire nous a permis de vérifier la pertinence des paramètres rhéologique obtenus par optimisation.
Les résultats de trois autres applications mettent en évidence l'intérêt de l'optimisation des paramètres géométriques et opératoires du procédé d'extrusion.
Une filière optimisée numériquement pour une gamme différente de polymère a été réalisée et une comparaison expérimentale a permis de valider toute la procédure de simulation et d'optimisation mise en place. Les résultats expérimentaux et de simulations montrent une bonne homogénéisation de la répartition des vitesses à la sortie de la filière optimale pour une gamme très large de débits et pour différents polymères.
Colak, Basak Yilin. "Utilisation du caséinate de sodium pour la fabrication de films actifs pour l’emballage alimentaire : étude des propriétés barrières aux gaz, de l’activité antimicrobienne et de la biodégradabilité." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4018/document.
Full textBecause food market becomes international, consumers are changing their habits and they are more concerned about food security and environmental issues, there are driving forces for the development of edible/biodegradable antimicrobial packaging films. However, fabrication process (solution-casting) of these kinds of films isn’t always suitable for a continuous industrial big production. The present study demonstrates the suitability of sodium caseinate based edible antimicrobial films to be fabricated by some conventional plastic transformation processes: twinscrew extrusion and blown-film extrusion. Thanks to the optimizations of elaboration parameters such as extrusion temperature, shear and plasticizer ratio, the materials incorporated with one of the following active agents: lysozyme, nisin or natamycin, partially kept their antimicrobial activity. Physical-chemical film characterization of films emphasized that the type of transformation process doesn’t have any influence on tensile or gas barrier properties. These properties are mainly affected by plasticizer type and content. Thus, sodium caseinate based edible antimicrobial films can be produced successfully by thermo-mechanical processes without losing good mechanical and gas barrier properties
Descarpentries, Jérémie. "Compréhension et rôle de la dispersion de charges inorganiques dans une matrice thermoplastique." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2020.
Full textBendaoud, Amine. "Fluide supercritique et liquide ionique comme plastifiants de polymères biosourcés : application à l'amidon et à l'acétate de cellulose." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4017/document.
Full textBiopolymers are viable alternatives to the use of conventional plastics derived from fossil fuels resources. In this study, our objective, beyond doing the melt processing ionic liquids plasticized starch and cellulose acetate in laboratory scale microcoumpounder which simulate the performance of a co-rotating twin screw extruder, are to investigate the effects and influence of ionic liquids and water on the intrinsic properties of the materials which are prepared. In general ways, processing with ionic liquids compared with conventional plasticizers, presents: a better interaction with starch and cellulose acetate, a more efficient depressor of glass transition temperature and allows the production of processed materials with efficient crystallinity destruction and plasticization. In the second step, we investigate the effects of supercritical carbon dioxide on the processing of starch with ionic liquid and the effects of the processing pressure, temperature and duration of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2), which is an environmentally-friendly component, on the properties of plasticized starch. The significant results show that ScCO2 is capable of interacting with starch chains and with ionic liquids, so that it may induce a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the plasticized starch
Daux, Virgile. "Elaboration et modification de séparateurs macroporeux innovants pour générateurs électrochimiques." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00699804.
Full textRouilly, Antoine. "Nouveaux agro-matériaux composites à matrice protéique ou polysaccharidique : étude du fractionnement, de la transformation et de la mise en forme par extrusion et par injection-moulage de la pulpe de betterave et du tourteau de tournesol." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT032G.
Full textGassiot-Talabot, Alix. "Renforcement d'un poly(oxyéthylène) par dispersion de whiskers de cellulose en voie fondue : contraintes et alternatives." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4016/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to produce high-performance battery separators through extrusion. These solid polymer electrolytes should be permeable to ionic current but electrically insulating, all the while maintaining sufficient mechanical resistance. To this end, the dispersion of nanometrics fillers (cellulose whiskers) in a polymer is studied. Cellulose whiskers are crystalline sticks, with a length between 100 and 300 nm and a diameter between 5 and 20 nm. It is well known that a homogeneous dispersion of these fillers allows a percolating network, improving the mechanical reinforcement of the matrix at low concentrations. The goal is to carry out this dispersion in molten polymer through extrusion, as opposed to the well-established solvent evaporation process. The main difficulties are the aggregation of cellulose whiskers which occurs through hydrogen bonding and the concentrated medium in which these fillers are dispersed. The first part of the study is to determine the optimum process to prepare cellulose whiskers in order to limit aggregation and thus obtain a stable aqueous suspension. This stable system is necessary to obtain a percolating network in the polymer matrix through solvent evaporation. Once the protocol optimised, the second part of the study focuses on the dispersion of these whiskers in the molten matrix using both the internal mixer and the extruder. Blends and films are characterized by dynamical rheology analysis, thermal analysis and mechanical analysis: a degradation of the matrix and an orientation of the whiskers are observed. To by-pass these issues, several alternatives are used. The first one involves the adsorption of a copolymer on the whiskers. This method increases the hydrodynamic effect; however no percolation network is obtained. The second alternative is to use a low molar mass polymer. This leads to a decreased polymer viscosity which limits the orientation of the fillers, allowing the percolating network to form and prevents polymer degradation. The third way uses a copolymer with a low mass molar, synthesized from a monomer which carries double bonds. The low molar mass allows the decrease of the separator crystallinity thus improving the ionic performances at low temperatures. The double bonds can crosslink under UV light, which enhances the mechanical strength of the film
Leprêtre-Dropsit, Sophie. "Mise en oeuvre et propriétés des mélanges PET/polyoléfines en vue du recyclage d'emballages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10140.
Full textPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyolefins (PE, PP ... ) are widely used for packaging applications (e.g., bottles) and generate a significant amount of waste. Recycling such thermoplastic materials avoiding costly sorting operations presents an economic and a scientific challenge because they are immiscible and semi-crystaIIine polymers. The aim of the study is to process binary (PET/PE, PET/PP) and temary (PET/PE/PP) blends, strongly unbalanced (0-90% by weight of PET), and compatibilized to maintain satisfactory mechanical performances in traction, impact and toughness. The recycled PET/polyolefins blends compatibilization by adding EGMA (ethylene copolymer-glycidyl methacrylate) leads to a decrease of polyolefins droplets size dispersed in the PET matrix, as weil as an improvement of interfacial conditions. The mechanical behavior (traction, impact and toughness) of blends tends to the ones of PET, when the average diameter of polyolefin inclusions is below a critical value of 3 µm. The study and modelisation of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of blends showed that EGMA and polyolefins play the role of a nucleating agent for the PET and accelerate the crystallization (without intluencing significantly the cristallinity rate). The mechanical properties of blends are more atfected by cristaIIization process modification than by morphological and interfacial changes
Deleage, Fanny. "Formulations et modifications par extrusion réactive d'un mélange de polymères biodégradable et partiellement biosourcé." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES030.
Full textBiodegradable plastics need to be more and more competitive. This work, conducted between IMP@UJM laboratory and LCI company had the main objective of increasing the content of renewable materials in the biodegradable blend of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/ thermoplastic flour (TPF), without decreasing its mechanical properties. The blend was obtained by a single step extrusion, including flour thermoplastification and blending with the polyester. The scientific challenge was to understand the relationship between processing parameters, the morphology establishment, the concentration of each phase of the blend and its mechanical properties. Then, these results were exploited in order to increase the mechanical properties of the mixture. The influence of the concentration of TPF and the viscosity ratio between the phases was highlighted over the entire concentration range. This highlighted the importance of controlling the interfacial tension of the blend. Mechanisms of the morphology establishment were proposed, as well as interpretations about its effect on the mechanical properties of the blend. Then, a study of the PBAT modification by reactive extrusion was proposed. The evolution of the polyester structure was characterized by size exclusion chromatography, according to various parameters including the mixing time. Finally, various modifications of PBAT/TPF mixture were tested. Modifying the PBAT, the TPF phase or the interface via the compatibilizers were studied in order to tailor the rheological, morphological and mechanical properties
Sardo, Lucas. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de la thermomécanique des écoulements dans les co-malaxeurs." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM044/document.
Full textThe aim of this study was to model molten polymers flow in BUSS type co-kneaders. The BUSS co-kneader is a particular single-screw extruder. It is composed of a rotating screw like standard single screw extruders, but with interrupted flights and mixing pins fixed to the barrel. The screw has also an axial reciprocal movement. It has been used for decades in industry for its mixing capacities, specifically for PVC gelification or polymer compounding with fibres, additives or carbon black. This work is therefore answering to nowadays industrial needs, as developing new products is expensive and time consuming.A 2D time-dependent thermomechanical model based on Hele Shaw approximations was developed and the co-kneader domain was discretized by finite elements. The numerical problem was solved by finite elements and SUPG stabilized finite elements. This model provides, at every point of the calculation domain, the pressure, throughput vectors, shear rates, viscosity as well as temperature.Simulation results provide pressure and temperature orders of magnitude, as well as information on polymer mixing depending on process parameters. A comparison between the model and experimental trials shows a satisfactory agreement in the filled zones
Piroelle, Aurélien. "Identification de mécanismes d'apparition de défauts olfactifs dans un emballage alimentaire rigide à base de polylactide : effet de la mise en forme et de l'utilisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10169.
Full textThe work aimed at studying the formation risk of olfactive defects [Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) or odour emission] along the process and use of PLA-based rigid thermoformed food packaging. Consequently, the polymer was first extruded into sheets, and then thermoformed. Modification of the polymer from pellets, extruded sheets, to thermoformed trays was assessed according to two complementary approaches: (i) evaluation of PLA degradation by different physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical analyses; (ii) analysis of the emitted VOC by HS-SPME trapping method and identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This approach was additionally completed by gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis, in order to confirm the sensorial effect of the volatile compounds on PLA odour. Moreover, PLA trays were tested according to EU normalized tests to prove that it can be used as a Food Contact Material This work showed that even a low level of degradation, which is almost undetectable by physico-chemical analyses, could lead to emission of potentially odorous VOCs, mainly lactides, acetaldehyde and 2,3-pentanedione. For a given PLA, the nature and the quantity of VOCs depend on the degradation level induced along the entire life-cycle of the polymer, but also on the thermal and processing history
Fournier, Jean-Étienne. "Analyse des écoulements de thermoplastiques par vélocimétrie par imagerie de particules : application aux procédés d'extrusion et d'injection." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10167/document.
Full textQuality or aesthetic defects of the plastic parts manufactured by injection moulding process are partly controlled by the flow conditions during filling stage. Sorne hypotheses, notably that of a slipping at the mould wall, are proposed in literature to explain their origin. But, because a lack of appropriate tools, compatible with the very severe environment of plastic processing, they have not been confirmed yet by experimental works. The present study tries to fill up this lacuna by analysing the validity of an original method of direct visualization of flows in extrusion and injection moulding processes by particle image velocimetry. Results obtained for extrusion experiments are conclusive and confirm the validity of this method. ln the particular case of a polycarbonate, they obviously show a wall slip phenomenon; confirmed by classic rheological measurements. This wall slip can lead the perturbations of the flow, especially near the geometrical discontinuities. The transposition in the injection moulding case, more delicate, clearly shows the practical difficulties related to the process environment. Neverthelesse, a qualitative analysis allows to relate the flow conditions at the mould wall with the appearance of a defect on the surface of the part. The quantitative analysis remains however to be confirmed in future studies
Tessier, Romain. "Elaboration de nanocomposites à matrice polypropylène greffé amidon renforcée de montmorillonite pour application automobile." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10160/document.
Full textStarch-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-starch) / organoclay nanocomposites were melt-compounded by co-rotating twin-screw extrusion. Homopolymer or copolymer-based polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) with different molecular weights and different maleic anhydride (MA) grafting levels was added at different weight contents as compatibilizer. Two organo-modified montmorillonites were used, the first one containing polar functional groups having affinity with the starch phase, and the other one containing non polar-groups having affinity with the PP phase of the polymer matrix. The best miscibility of PP-g-starch/PP-g-MA blends was observed for low content (5wt%) of the ethylene-propylene copolymer-based PP-g-MA, which combines the lowest molecular weight and the highest MA-grafting level (1,4 wt%), and has a rheological behaviour close to that of PP-g-starch. Optimisation of mechanical properties (rigidity and strength increase without significant loss of ductility) of the ternary hybrids was then achieved by two ways: (i) by using the non polar montmorillonite, compatibilization being not essential in that case; (ii) by using the polar montmorillonite, which requires a compatibilization between the PP phase of the matrix and the starch organomodifier with a sufficiently MA-grafted polyogefin-g-MA (maleation of the polyolefin > 0,3wt%) whose viscosity at the processing temperature is close to that of the PP-g-starch matrix