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Journal articles on the topic 'Eye Abnormalities, veterinary'
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1
Carrillo, J., J. Martinez, P. Divanach, and M. Kentouri. "Unilateral eye abnormalities in reared Mediterranean gilthead sea bream." Veterinary Record 145, no. 17 (October 23, 1999): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.145.17.494.
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van Herck, H., V. Baumans, C. J. W. M. Brandt, A. P. M. Hesp, J. H. Sturkenboom, H. A. van Lith, G. van Tintelen, and A. C. Beynen. "Orbital sinus blood sampling in rats as performed by different animal technicians: the influence of technique and expertise." Laboratory Animals 32, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367798780599794.
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In this study the influence of orbital sinus blood sampling on clinical signs was studied within the framework of various nutritional experiments. In order to assess the clinical signs in a random design, the rats were punctured in either the left or the right orbit. Thus, the effect of puncture within rats could be determined by comparing the left and right eye. Four animal technicians punctured a total of 303 rats, using different techniques. Orbital sinus blood sampling caused clinically visible alterations. The type, frequency and prognosis of the alterations differed with the person performing the puncture. Two experienced animal technicians were able to perform the technique without causing a statistically significant increase in alterations in punctured orbits. One less experienced animal technician caused severe abnormalities. The use of either a Pasteur pipette or a haematocrit capillary did not necessarily produce different results. Neither did puncturing the lateral vs the medial canthus of the orbit. By not applying chloramphenicol eye ointment in the conjunctival sac after puncture, the number of abnormalities in 'ocular discharge' and 'corneal alterations' in the punctured orbits was significantly decreased. Four punctures in the same orbit with 14-day intervals by a skilled animal technician did not cause a significant increase in abnormalities.
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Honsho, Cristiane dos Santos, Arianne Pontes Oriá, Luiz Paulo da Veiga Monteiro Lazaro Júnior, Francisco Dorea Neto, and José Luiz Laus. "The organization of flash electroretinography unit in Veterinary Medicine." Ciência Rural 34, no. 4 (August 2004): 1097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782004000400021.
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Electroretinography is the technique that allows the evaluation of changes in electrical potential that occur when the eye is stimulated by light. Such changes reflect the response of several retinal cells including photoreceptors (cones and rods). Thus it evaluates the retinal functionality and can diagnose abnormalities in retinas seem to be normal by ophthalmoscopy. Due to the constant evolution in veterinary ophthalmology, new centers of retinal electrophysiology have been introduced around the world either for early diagnosis of retinopathies or for preoperative evaluation of animals with cataracts and glaucoma, as well as for continuing research. The Ophthalmology Unit of the "Governador Laudo Natel" Veterinary Teaching Hospital, in the Faculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV) - Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) - Jaboticabal Campus, Brazil, supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP (Sao Paulo State Foundation for Research), set up the Unit of Ocular Electrophysiology for animals in order to provide conditions for the diagnosis of retinopathies. As a pioneering venture in Brazil, the organization of the services faced many challenges till the moment it was set up: the organization and arrangement of appropriate rooms, independent electrical distribution for the installation of separate pieces of equipment, adaptation of containment tables, training and qualification of the staff, and the elaboration and standardization of anesthetic and stimulation protocols. The wealth of information generated by our experience gave us the inspiration to write this paper, which aims to contribute to the work of researchers and veterinary ophthalmologists in this new and opportune field of specialization.
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Jeuring, R., K. Van Driessche, L. Bosseler, C. De Vries, A. Vanhaesebrouck, I. Gielen, A. Oevermann, and K. Chiers. "Intracranial oligodendroglioma with optic nerve infiltration in a Labrador retriever." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 81, no. 5 (October 31, 2012): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v81i5.18329.
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A seven-year-old neutered male Labrador retriever was presented with behavioral changes and reduced vision. Neurological examination revealed blindness of the left eye with a positive pupillary light reflex and a decreased mental status. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid analyses showed no abnormalities. MRI revealed a deviant area located in the thalamic, hypothalamic and caudate nuclear regions. Invasion of the left optic nerve was also observed. The dog was euthanized after 38 days of palliative treatment. Necropsy showed a non-encapsulated extruding white lardaceous mass, with a diameter of 2 cm, in the white matter, located in the ventral thalamic region near the chiasma opticum, which extended along the left optic nerve. Histologically, neoplastic cells had a “fried egg” appearance. Immunolabelling for glial fibrillary acidic protein demonstrated the presence of numerous reactive astrocytes. The tumor was diagnosed as a low grade (II) intracranial oligodendroglioma with infiltration of the optic nerve.
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Beckwith-Cohen, Billie, Allison Hoffman, Gillian J. McLellan, and Richard R. Dubielzig. "Feline Neovascular Vitreoretinopathy and Anterior Segment Dysgenesis With Concurrent Glaucoma in Domestic Cats." Veterinary Pathology 56, no. 2 (September 16, 2018): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985818798087.
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Feline neovascular vitreoretinopathy (FNV) is a newly recognized rare condition affecting kittens and young domestic cats. This study investigated the clinical and pathologic findings in 22 cats with FNV. In affected cats, ophthalmoscopy of the fundus (when visible) revealed avascular peripheral retinae and epiretinal vascular membranes. Frequent nonspecific clinical findings were buphthalmos ( n = 21), medically uncontrollable glaucoma ( n = 22), and lenticular abnormalities ( n = 13). Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) was detected clinically in affected cats ( n = 6). The fellow eye was affected in 11 of 18 cats to a variable degree or appeared clinically normal in 7 of 18 cats. The globes were examined histologically and using immunohistochemistry for vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), synaptophysin, neurofilament, laminin, factor VIII–related antigen (FVIII-RA), and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Histologically, diagnostic features included laminin-positive epiretinal vascular membranes affecting the central retina, with an avascular peripheral retina and gliosis. Enucleated globes exhibited multiple additional abnormalities, including corneal disease ( n = 15), anterior segment dysgenesis ( n = 21), lymphoplasmacytic anterior uveitis ( n = 19), peripheral anterior synechiae ( n = 20), retinal degeneration ( n = 22), and retinal detachment ( n = 19). Gliotic retinae labeled strongly for GFAP and vimentin with reduced expression of synaptophysin and neurofilament, consistent with degeneration or lack of differentiation. While an avascular peripheral retina and epiretinal fibrovascular membranes are also salient features of retinopathy of prematurity, there is no evidence to support hyperoxic damage in cats with FNV. The cause remains unknown.
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Woods, Leslie W., Lisle W. George, Mark L. Anderson, Dale M. Woods, Mike S. Filigenzi, and Birgit Puschner. "Evaluation of the Toxicity of Adonis Aestivalis in Calves." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 19, no. 5 (September 2007): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870701900523.
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Toxicosis of Adonis aestivalis is well documented in horses, but little is known of its toxicity in cattle. A. aestivalis (summer pheasant's eye) was collected over multiple years, under different growing conditions, and at various stages of maturity, dried, and administered to calves to evaluate the toxicity of A. aestivalis in cattle. Four 300-lb Holstein, and 2 90-lb, preruminating Jersey calves were administered 1% body weight of ground A. aestivalis via a stomach tube and monitored for clinical signs for 2 weeks and 1 week, respectively. The Holstein calves were then fed 0.2 to 1% body weight A. aestivalis daily for 4 to 5 weeks. The Holstein calves had transient, mild cardiac abnormalities during the feeding trial. Mild, transient gastrointestinal and cardiac signs were noted in the preruminating calves. No gross or microscopic lesions were seen on necropsies performed at the end of the study. Based on the results of this study, cattle do not appear to be as susceptible to toxicosis from A. aestivalis as other species, such as horses and pigs.
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Rushton, Jessica G., Reinhard Ertl, Dieter Klein, Alexander Tichy, and Barbara Nell. "Circulating cell-free DNA does not harbour a diagnostic benefit in cats with feline diffuse iris melanomas." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18762017.
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Objectives Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM) is the most common malignant primary intraocular tumour in cats, with reported metastases rates between 19% and 63%. Currently, the only available diagnostic tool for a tentative diagnosis is histopathological examination of the enucleated eye. Therefore, the veterinary ophthalmologist is often faced with the dilemma of whether to enucleate an oftentimes visual eye or to continue monitoring, with the risk of metastases developing. In the past, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) gained more attention in human medicine, especially in the field of oncology. Prior studies have shown the use of cfDNA as diagnostic or prognostic markers in canine and human cancer patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate cfDNA concentration and integrity in cats with FDIMs compared with cats with benign iris naevi and without ocular abnormalities. Methods cfDNA from plasma of cats with iris melanoma (n = 34), iris naevus (n = 30) and without ocular abnormalities (n = 32) were extracted. Primer and probes for feline amyloid beta precursor protein ( APP) and beta actin ( ACTB) were designed for amplicons of various lengths and quantitative PCRs of extracted cfDNA were performed to measure cfDNA concentration and integrity of the plasma samples. Differences of cfDNA concentrations and integrity levels between the three groups (iris melanoma, iris naevi and controls) were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Results cfDNA concentration and integrity analysis revealed no significant differences between the cats with iris melanoma, iris naevus or the control group ( P >0.01). Cats with metastases showed similar cfDNA concentration and integrity to cats without metastases. Conclusions and relevance cfDNA concentration and integrity seem to be insufficient as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in cats with FDIMs.
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Pereira, Alexandre, Maura Bittencourt, Michele Barros, Rodolfo Malag, Jo Panattoni, Bruna Morais, Fabiano Ferrreira, and Jose Vasconcellos. "Subconjunctival use of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells to treat chronic superficial keratitis in German shepherd dogs: pilot study." Open Veterinary Journal 12, no. 5 (2022): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i5.20.
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Background: Chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) is an ocular condition in dogs characterized by corneal opacification leading to visual function impairment. Control of this chronic condition requires use of topical immunomodulators or corticosteroids daily. Regenerative medicine has shown promising results in several fields of medicine. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of adipose tissue applied via subconjunctival in dogs with CSK. Methods: A series of cases of 8 dogs diagnosed with CSK were divided into 2 groups, 4 dogs each, the conventional treatment (CT) received Prednisolone 1% as topical eye drops and the experimental group (EG) received allogeneic MSCs transplantation. The dogs had not previously been treated for CSK. Systemic and ophthalmologic examinations were performed to exclude other abnormalities. An administered amount of MSC (1x106 cells each time) were injected via subconjunctival in the peri-limbal region at 0 and 30 days. The animals were followed for 110 days to clinical evaluation, and, at the same time, the images of the corneal abnormalities were obtained and analyzed in the ImageJ software. The statistical analysis was performed in the GrandPrism 7.0 software. Results: Initial and final images revealed that areas with neovascularization, inflammatory infiltrate and opacity regressed in most eyes in both groups (7/8 eyes in each group) at the end of the 110 days, p = 0.0391 and p = 0.0078 respectively, but this response was minor in the EG comparing to CT (p = 0.026). No local or systemic side effects were observed. Conclusions: Despite the small melioration, MSCs treatment suggests clinical improvement in patients with CSK after 110 days without any local or systemic side effects. However, the improvement achieved was significantly less than the observed within CT group. Further studies still are needed to evaluate the use and benefits of stem cells as an adjunct treatment for CSK.
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Maciel, Camila Do Espirito Santo, Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro, Thais Ruiz, Deise Cristine Schroder, Thalita Priscila Peres Seabra Da Cruz, Nathalie Moro Bassil Dower, Geovanna Barreira Monteiro, and Gabriela Morais Madruga. "Description of Clinical and Surgical Aspects of Four Cases of Lip Commissure to Eyelid Transposition for Repair of Eyelid Coloboma in Cats." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (January 16, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.82876.
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Background: Eyelid coloboma or eyelid agenesis is the most common congenital disease in cats. It can affect both the upper and the lower lids and is commonly bilateral. This congenital defect has been reported in several breeds, such as Persian and Domestic Short-Haired Cat. Generally, this defect results in inversion of the colobomatous eyelid, which can cause trichiasis and inflammatory keratitis and corneal ulceration. The only effective treatment is blepharoplasty. This paper describes the clinical and surgical aspects of four patients treated by lip commissure to eyelid transposition for the repair of eyelid coloboma using the technique described in 2010. Results of this procedure have never been reported in Brazil. Cases: Seven eyes of four cats presenting eyelid coloboma affecting up to two thirds of the eyelid were evaluated in this study. Two of the four cats were males and two were females; their average age was 3 years. All patients were admitted at the same institution, and the main issues were purulent discharge and impaired vision. Diagnosis was based on physical and ophthalmic examination. Non-ulcerative keratitis was present in all cases. Corneal ulcer was diagnosed in three patients by the fluorescein dye test. In two cats, a corneo-conjunctival dermoid was found at the temporal-dorsal region of one eye, and measured approximately 0.3 mm; and the other two exhibited microphthalmia in one eye. No abnormalities were seen in the anterior chamber, lens, and vitreous. One of the cats exhibited retinal detachment, and one exhibited testicular agenesis, both of the abnormalities diagnosed by ultrasound. Complete blood count and biochemical tests were performed in all patients before general anesthesia for the corrective procedure. Before surgery, eyes with ulcerative and non-ulcerative keratitis were treated with topical antibiotics and lacrimommimetics. In the 7 eyes, lip commissure to eyelid transposition technique was used for correction of the colobomatous defect. The procedure consisted of a mucocutaneous flap that simulates a natural eyelid. Corneo-conjunctival dermoids were also removed at the same time by superfcial keratectomy. In the postoperative period, all patients received oral non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug and an antibiotic, as well as cleansing of the surgical wound. All patients exhibited improvement of corneal abnormalities following one week of the procedure. However, three cats had suture dehiscence on the lip commissure, which healed by secondary intention after a week. Two weeks after surgery, superfcial necrosis was observed at the tip of the edge of the transplanted flap, in all cats. In order to promote healing, the necrotic edges were debrided at the time of sutures removal, 10 to 15 days after surgeries; at this time, both lip commissure and eyelid wound had already healed. Facial distortion was presente owing to skin overlapping on the site of the flap. All patients had their ability to blink restored, and there was absence of trichiasis on the flap. However, three cats had thichiasis caused by retraction of the pre-existing eyelid at the medial canthus. Discussion: Good functional and esthetic results were achieved, similarly to those previously described, which allows us to consider that this technique is appropriate for eyelid reconstruction in eyelid coloboma or agenesis cases. Nevertheless, this procedure can have some complications, such as suture dehiscence, facial deformity, superfcial necrosis of the edges of the flap, and trichiasis of the pre-existing eyelid of the medial canthus. To overcome these issues, authors suggest removal of the skin under the flap to decrease facial distortion, and removal of the whole pre-existing eyelid, in order to avoid trichiasis caused by retraction of this tissue. Keywords: blepharoplasty, congenital defect, eyelid, feline.
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Dower, Nathalie Moro Bassil, Camila Do Espirito Santo Maciel, Paulo Roberto Spiller, Fábio Dumit Pizzinatto, Lianna Ghisi Gomes, Kelly Cristiane Ito Yamauchi, Lucas Alaião Gonçalves, and Alexandre Pinto Pinheiro. "Effects of 1% Topical Brinzolamide on Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Dogs." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.81169.
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Background: Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in dogs, and is generally characterized by death of the retinal ganglion cells associated with a rapid loss of vision. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) occurs in patients with primary glaucoma, due to genetic abnormalities in pectinal ligaments and the trabeculae of the iridocorneal angle, producing inadequate drainage of aqueous humor. IOP is the result of the dynamic equilibrium between the production and drainage of aqueous humor. Intraocular surgery, anterior lens luxation, systemic diseases, immune-mediated, neoplastic and infectious diseases lead to the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and increase the amount of protein and cells in aqueous humor, which can block this drainage pathway. Under these conditions, becomes indispensable the pharmacological control of IOP by reducing aqueous humor production. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of topical 1% brinzolamide on intraocular pressure (IOP) in twelve healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: The age range of affected dogs was 1-5 years, with a mean age of 2.5 years. Twelve dogs were included in this study. All animals were healthy based on clinical, ophthalmic and hematological examinations. Selected animals were kept in a room with 500 lux luminosity, 56.8% relative humidity, 20°C temperature, exposed to 12 h of light/dark cycle, were fed twice daily and water ad libitum. All animals were adaptation to the procedures and examiners and IOP was measured by applanation tonometry at 08:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 02:00 p.m., 05:00 p.m., and 08:00 p.m., for 7 days and 2 days of baseline. Subsequently, one eye of each dog was randomly assigned, the eye received one drop of 1% brinzolamide at 08:30 a.m., 02:30 p.m., and 08:30 p.m. during four consecutive days and adelfo eyes received one drop of sterile saline solution and were considered control eyes. During the treatment phase and on the day after the treatment had finished, all parameters were evaluated in a blind fashion at the same pre-established time points. The value for IOP during the baseline of the treated eye were 16.77 ± 0.22 mmHg. The baseline period, values did not differ significantly between treated and control eyes. Comparison between the first day of brinzolamide-treated eyes with the average daily values of the two days of the baseline period showed that IOP decreased significantly 8.88%. IOP after four days of daily instillations of brinzolamide was able to decrease overall IOP by 1.42 mmHg (8.47%) when compared with the baseline period. Overall IOP values in the brinzolamide-treated eyes decreased 1.02 mmHg (6.24%) when compared to the control eyes. There were no statistically significant differences when compared control eye to baseline. Three times daily instillations of 1% brinzolamide in healthy dogs significantly decrease 8.47% IOP. During the post-treatment period, the average daily values of the brinzolamide-treated eyes remained 1.52 mmHg below the average daily values observed at baseline period.Discussion: The present research showed that, the average daily IOP values in the brinzolamide-treated eyes decreased 1.49 mmHg (8.88%) at the end of the first day, 1.69 mmHg (10.07%) at the end of the fourth day, and the cumulative IOP values after four days of treatment, were able to decrease by 1.42 mmHg (8.53%). Three times daily instillations of 1% brinzolamide in healthy dogs significantly decrease IOP, and therefore may be indicated to management of intraocular hypertension and glaucoma.
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Tekin, Koray, Muhammed Enes İnanç, Doğukan Özen, Beste Cil, Kemal Tuna Olğaç, Burak Yılmaz, Umut Taşdemir, et al. "Use of Infrared Thermography during Ejaculation Process and Its Link with Semen Quality and Freezability in Dogs." Animals 11, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 3023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113023.
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This study aimed to describe the thermal variation of external reproductive tracts during ejaculation in relation to sperm quality in dogs. Forty-six adult fertile dogs were monitored using a thermal camera before, during and after the semen collection, taking into account penile and scrotal temperatures as reproductive thermal patterns while eye and perianal temperatures were recorded as complementary thermal patterns of behavioral response. The parameters were classified depending on age (≤4 years and >4 years), body weight (BW) (≤75 kg and >75 kg), sperm concentration (CON) (≤300 million and >300 million), total testicular volume (TTV) (≤600 cm3 and >600 cm3) and total ejaculation time (TET) (≤800 s and >800 s) of the animals from which semen was collected successfully. Heavier males (p < 0.05) that have more consistent testicles (p < 0.01) as well as quicker ejaculate responders (p < 0.001) and lower scrotal temperature had better semen (Δ motility) freezability. The lower eye temperature prior to the ejaculation (p < 0.01), lower scrotal temperature following ejaculation (p < 0.01), and conversely, higher penile temperature during the ejaculation (p < 0.001) had a higher sperm concentration. Furthermore, the sperm freezability was negatively correlated with total ejaculation time (r = −0.39, p < 0.05) and sperm abnormalities were lower in the ejaculate of dogs having a higher temperature of the scrotum, bulbus and penis. In conclusion, infrared monitoring throughout semen collection in dogs can provide information on behavioral reactions during human manipulation, as well as semen quality and testicular functionality.
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Fraczkowska, Kaja, Agnieszka Zak-Bochenek, Natalia Siwinska, Krzysztof Rypula, and Katarzyna Ploneczka-Janeczko. "Aerobic Commensal Conjunctival Microflora in Healthy Donkeys." Animals 12, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12060756.
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From a clinical point of view, knowledge of the commensal microbial flora of the conjunctival sac in healthy individuals proves to be of great importance. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and the composition of normal ocular microflora of healthy donkeys. Fourteen clinically healthy donkeys (Equus asinus) participated in the study. After prior ophthalmological examination, which showed no abnormalities, a conjunctival swab was taken from each donkey from the right and left eye. Species-specific identification was based on a morphological assessment of bacterial colonies stained with the Gram technique, as well as on biochemical properties and the disk-diffusion method. Around 82% of samples were positive for bacteria cultivation; Pantoea agglomerans was the most prevalently detected species, followed by Moraxella lacunata. In conclusion, our study made it possible to determine the commensal flora of the conjunctival sac in donkeys. The obtained results also showed discrepancies in the composition of the conjunctival sac flora of donkeys and horses, despite the geographical proximity of performed studies. Knowledge of the commensal conjunctival flora of donkeys is of great clinical importance due to their greater exposure to corneal damage and infections than horses.
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Abreu, Thais Guimarães Morato, Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano, Marjury Cristina Maronezi, Ricardo Andres Ramirez Uscategui, Gabriela Morais Madruga, Karina Kamachi Kobashigawa, Roberta Martins Crivelaro, Roberto Thiesen, and José Luiz Laus. "Contrast-enhanced Ocular Ultrasonography in Brachycephalic Dogs." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.81808.
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Background: Contrast Enchantment Ultrasonography (CEUS) allows for detection of vascular flows that are difficult to detect with traditional methods. There were no reports found in the literature of the use of CEUS to evaluate the vascular pattern of the eye of brachycephalic dogs. The objective of this paper is to describe ultrasound findings observed in the eyes of healthy brachycephalic dogs subjected to CEUS.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty adult brachycephalic dogs were subjected to physical, laboratorial, and ophthalmic examination. The eye structures were evaluated using CEUS after intravenous administration of Sonovue®. Contrast enhancement was seen in 52 eyes with a homogeneous and centrifugal filling pattern. Structures adequately enhanced consisted of the optic nerve, the retina-choroid-sclera complex (RCSC), and the ciliary body. The optic nerve was hyperenhanced and the other structures were isoenhanced. The wash-in time, peak enhancement time, and wash-out time were similar for both right and left eyes. Mean values and standard deviation were calculated for contrast wash-in time, peak enhancement time, and wash-out time in the optic nerve, RCSC, and ciliary body.Discussion: Ultrasound is an important diagnostic resource for veterinary ophthalmology and provides relevant information for the detection of pathological conditions of the eyes of animals. The contrast-enhanced ultrasound allows evaluation of tissues at the capillary level (macro and microcirculation), complementing the vascular ultrasound scan. This study brings original information on contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings for evaluation of eyes in dogs, creating novel diagnostic possibilities for the use of this imaging technique in veterinary ophthalmology. The vascular pattern identified in this study, with enhancement starting at the region of the optic nerve and retina, and then ciliary body (with the optic nerve as the most hyperenhanced structure) is consistent with the expected pattern for dogs without ophthalmic disorders. The posterior ciliary artery is primarily responsible for supplying the optic nerve, later irrigating the retina, lateral and medial segments of the ciliary body. Some works on the evaluation of orbital vascular pattern in humans report a significant variability on anatomical course of the ophthalmic artery and its branches. However, in our study, no significant variation was observed on vascular flow of dogs of different brachycephalic breeds. Retinal blood vessels consist of arteries and veins that emerge from the optic nerve region and from the choroid. Contrast enhancement at the region of the RCSC is justified by the presence of vessels from the choroid that are irrigated by posterior ciliary arteries and drained by vorticose veins, since this structure is responsible for the nutrition of the external portion of the retina. Wash-in, peak enhancement, and wash-out times were similar for right and left eyes owing to anatomical and physiological similarities in vascularization. The homogeneous contrast-filling pattern is of paramount importance, since it will allow differentiation of abnormalities in sick animals, such as partial or total loss of capillarization, which will cause heterogeneity or absence of capillary fill. It will also be important for early diagnosis and evaluation of vascular alterations, especially ischemic changes, especially glaucoma, intraocular neoplasm, progressive retina atrophy, and uveitis. CEUS gives relevant information about the vascular pattern of the eyes of brachycephalic dogs, and is a quick, non-invasive, and safe exam.
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Yatkin, Emrah, Nina Kulmala, Aija Saukkonen, Jukka Maaranen, and Ulla-Marjut Jaakkola. "A real-time health notification system aimed at enhancing the interaction between animal care staff and researchers promotes animal welfare." Laboratory Animals 55, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677221990689.
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Regardless of the microbiological status of an animal facility, research animals may experience health problems, leading to pain, suffering and distress. Simple and efficient tools are needed to collect data systematically, allowing researchers to react and resolve animals’ health issues. We have developed a real-time notification method for recording clinical observations, which caretakers can input into the ELLI record-keeping system, accompanied by a picture or video. A browser-based interface system sends alerts using a three-tier scale (+, 120 hours; ++, 72 hours; +++, 24 hours) by email and/or SMS. The percentage of animal health notifications for rodents was 1.31% in 2016, 1.33% in 2017 and 1.58% in 2018, with 34–44% for coat and skin conditions (wounds, bites and scratches). All other notifications, including environment and behaviour, procedure-specific indicators (weight loss, bleeding and abnormal secretions) and other abnormalities such as eye and teeth malformations, ranged from 5% to 10% during the three-year period. Researchers displayed good compliance by reacting to the notifications within the expected time frame. Most health notifications concerned genetically modified (GM) animals without a predetermined harmful phenotype, regardless of being on project licence or maintenance licence. Health notification records may be useful retrospectively not only to review the health and welfare issues of new GM lines but also to evaluate the actual severity of procedures. The health notification system described here provides valuable information to the veterinarian and the animal welfare body by helping to address specific health conditions and to improve animal welfare and implement the 3Rs.
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Arias, Monica Vicky Bahr. "Spinal T.V.T. Treated with Surgical Excision and Chemotherapy in a Dog." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (January 16, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.84880.
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Background: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a round-cell tumor of dogs, which occurs by cell transplantation. It is usually located on the external genitalia, and is transmitted by coitus. It may occasionally be acquired by sniffng or licking the genitalia of an affected animal. Lesions may be present in the other parts of the body, such as the skin, rectum,and nasal or oral cavities. Metastasis of the TVT is uncommon, mainly occurring in immunocompromised dogs. It may affect organs such as the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and musculature, and rarely, may be detected in the central nervous system. In this report, we describe the occurrence of a TVT causing spinal cord compression in a dog, and the results of its treatment with hemilaminectomy and chemotherapy.Case: A six-year-old male Dalmatian dog was referred to a veterinary teaching hospital with nonspecifc abdominal pain. Laboratory examination showed no abnormalities; survey radiography revealed a moderate fecal retention. The dog received painkillers and dietary guidelines. However, the patient was brought again to the veterinary teaching hospital nine dayslater with paraplegia, worse in the left limb than in the right, but with normal nociception. There was a cutaneous trunci reflex cut-off at the T10 vertebra, also worse on left side than on right, along with spinal thoracolumbar hyperesthesia. During endotracheal intubation for general anesthesia for performing a cerebrospinal fluid tap and myelography, a small mass was observed in the palatine tonsil, a sample of which was collected for cytological analysis. The cerebrospinal fluid examination showed albuminocytologic dissociation, and myelography revealed an asymmetrical epidural compression over the T8 vertebra. Surgery was performed with a lateral approach to the T8 vertebra, and a 3-cm epidural brown mass was found, which was completely excised and subjected to histopathological examination. The histopathological fndings of the mass excised from the spine revealed neoplastic proliferation of poorly differentiated, round tumor cells with large, round, central or peripheral nuclei, and slightly eosinophilic, occasionally vacuolar cytoplasm. The propagating cells formed groups separated by a delicate fbrovascular stroma, consistent with the histopathology of TVT. Upon immuno histochemical staining, the neoplastic cells were found to be positive for MHC II, CD45RA, and lysozyme, but negative for cytokeratin, CD3, CD20, and CD117. The cytological examination of the tonsillar mass confrmed TVT. The dog was treated with vincristine, but after the third cycle the treatment was discontinued due to the choice of the owner. A year after the treatment, the dog presents only a mild spinal ataxia.Discussion: Tumor cells can be transmitted through genital mucous membrane-contact at coitus. Hence, the TVT lesions are often located on the external genitalia, but this was not observed in this case. Non-cutaneous metastases, which have an incidence of about 1%, can occur on the lips and tonsils, as was observed in the present case, or in the inguinal lymphnodes, liver, kidneys, mesentery, bones, eye, brain, and abdominal cavity. The pathological characteristics of TVT is quite variable and depends on the host immune response; however, there was no evidence of immunosuppression or malnutrition in the present case. The patient might have acquired the neoplasia in the oral cavity probably from licking or sniffng the preputial or vaginal discharges of an infected dog, and therefore, the primary tumor was probably the one in the tonsil,which later metastasized to the spine. This case presents an atypically located TVT, without genital occurrence, that was successfully treated by surgery and chemotherapy. This report also indicates that TVT is also an important differential diagnosis of spinal neoplasia.Keywords: spinal neoplasms, canine transmissible venereal tumor, treatment.
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Corbera, Juan Alberto, Immaculada Morales, Sergio Martin, Alberto Arencibia, and Carlos Gutierrez. "A Case of Congenital Supernumerary Teeth in an Ovine Dental Pad." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 34, no. 4 (October 4, 2017): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898756417734378.
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A rare case of congenital supernumerary teeth, also known as hyperdontia, observed in a healthy 8-month-old female ewe is presented. The congenital defect consisted of the presence of 2 incisor teeth embedded in the lateral areas of the dental pad. The anomaly was found during a routine physical examination and no other congenital abnormalities were found in the patient. No prior congenital abnormalities had been seen in the herd and the study of possible associated teratogenic factors was inconclusive. To the authors’ knowledge, this ovine odontogenic abnormality has not been described in the literature and appears to be an extraordinarily rare condition.
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Bauer, Rudy W., Marjorie S. Gill, Rob P. Poston, and Dae Young Kim. "Naturally Occurring Eastern Equine Encephalitis in a Hampshire Wether." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 17, no. 3 (May 2005): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700314.
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Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was diagnosed (postmortem) in a sheep with clinical signs attributable to a central nervous system disease. The sheep was febrile and initially had front limb incoordination, which progressed to paralysis of both front and hind limbs during a course of 2 days. The sheep maintained an alert attitude with the ability to eat up to the time of euthanasia. The only clinical pathologic abnormalities were neutrophilia and lymphopenia without appreciable leukocytosis, a moderate hyperglycemia, and an elevated creatine kinase. Treatment included hydrotherapy for lowering body temperature, intravenous fluids, thiamine hydrochloride, tetanus antitoxin, antibiotics, and corticosteroids. The only gross lesion at the time of necropsy was a wet glistening surface of the brain (leptomeninges). Microscopically, there was severe nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, poliomyelitis, and polyradiculoneuritis with mild multifocal neutrophilic infiltration. The EEE virus was isolated from the brain, and subsequent fluorescent antibody testing for EEE was positive on cell culture.
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Jain, Sanjeeta, P. R. Patel, and S. K. Raval. "A study of diseases in geriatric dogs." Indian Journal of Animal Research 49, no. 6 (December 21, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijar.7053.
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This study on aspect of the prevalence of disease in geriatric (10 years old) dogs was undertaken in Veterinary College Hospital Anand. A total of 156 geriatric dogs including 82 male and 74 female were selected. Among all, prevalence of gastrointestinal problems (16.66%) was higher followed by wound (14.10%), eye problems (14.10 %) and tumour (12.17%). The prevalence rate of ear infection, dental problem, respiratory infection, behavior abnormalities, renal problems and liver problems were 4.48 %, 7.6%, 5.12%, 7.06%, 3.84% and 4.48% respectively.
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Tsuka, Takeshi, Yoshiharu Okamoto, Yuji Sunden, Takehito Morita, Takao Amaha, Norihiko Ito, Yusuke Murahata, Masamichi Yamashita, Tomohiro Osaki, and Tomohiro Imagawa. "Case Report: Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Anterior Segment Dysgenesis in a Calf." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 9 (April 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.794255.
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This study includes diagnostic efficacy of the antemortem, combined use of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of anterior segment dysgenesis. A 7-day-old male Holstein calf presented with progressive unilateral exophthalmos associated with enlargement of the right eyeball soon after birth. Ultrasonography of the enlarged right eyeball showed (1) a 2-cm-thick echogenic parenchymal lesion filling the anterior region of the right eyeball, (2) excess accumulation of the anechoic vitreous humor, and (3) absence of the lens structure. Antemortem examination using T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI revealed a thickened, hyperintense anterior lesion and absence of the lens structure. These imaging findings were suggestive of anterior segment dysgenesis. Antemortem imaging showed no abnormalities other than the abnormal structure and size of the right eyeball; therefore, enucleation of the right eye was performed, which allowed intact healing without suppuration. Ocular ultrasonography enhanced the diagnostic accuracy due to the characteristic ultrasonographic findings of a thickened anterior lesion and absence of the lens structure in the eyeball, suggestive of anterior segment dysgenesis.
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Romero, Marlyn H., Fernando Meneses, and Jorge A. Sanchez. "Welfare assessment of horses and mules used in recreational and muleteer work in the Colombian coffee region." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 9 (November 17, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1031192.
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The welfare of working equids in developing countries is sometimes threatened due to the limited resources and/or knowledge of their owners. The objective of this study is to evaluate the welfare of creole horses and mules using a validated protocol that assesses animal-based indicators. A total of 160 horses and 40 mules from three municipalities in the Colombian coffee-growing region were evaluated by means of direct observation of health and behavioral parameters. A descriptive analysis of the variables expressed in proportions was performed. Interactions between the different measurements were examined using the Chi-squared test. Spearman correlations were used to relate the measurements. Horses and mules demonstrated friendly behavior in front of the evaluators (78.13 and 61.54%, respectively); apathetic or severely depressed behavior was low (10.7 and 17.5%, P > 0.05). Significant differences in body condition score (BCS) were observed between mules and horses (P < 0.05); eighty percent of the mules and 54.4% of the horses exhibited a healthy body condition score (3 or more on a scale of 1 to 5). Less than 15% of the animals had eye problems, limb deformities, and gait abnormalities. Injuries to the head, withers, spine, ribs/flank, hindquarters, and hind legs were observed in a frequency between 12.5 and 30.43% of the animals, with a higher frequency in horses (P < 0.05). Weak correlations (R2 coefficient < 0.5), although statistically significant, were observed between low body conditions and the presence of skin and deeper tissue lesions, systemic health abnormalities, and limb problems (P < 0.05). The results indicate that owners care for their animals. However, the presence of skin and deep tissue lesions, especially in horses, suggests that they are subjected to high workloads. Therefore, it is essential to train owners in aspects related to the importance of providing their equids with adequate rest periods to recover from work and develop actions to strengthen human-equine interaction.
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Piso, Dunia Yisela Trujillo, Monica Yamile Padilla Barreto, Maria del Pilar Sánchez Bonilla, and Alexandre Lima de Andrade. "Relationship between ocular abnormalities and hematologic alterations in patients infected naturally by Ehrlichia canis." Ciência Rural 51, no. 8 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200651.
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ABSTRACT: To determine the association between ocular abnormalities and hematologic findings in Ehrlichia canis-infected dogs, 120 dogs suspected of canine ehrlichiosis were studied. All patients were subjected to rapid serologic diagnostic test for Ehrlichia canis, and the diagnosis was confirmed by quantitative PCR. PCR-positive patients underwent ophthalmologic examination and a hemogram and were grouped into patients with thrombocytopenia and anemia (G1), patients with thrombocytopenia (G2), and patients without hematologic disorders (G3). For ophthalmic evaluation, the patients were grouped into those having mild, severe, both mild and severe, and no ocular alterations. All patients presented with uveitis (100%). Severe ocular disorders predominated in G1 and G2 patients. Dogs with anemia and leukopenia showed severe ocular disorders. In dogs with a greater number of leukocytes and copies/µl of the TRAG gene, the intraocular pressure (IOP) tends to decrease and vice versa (r = −0.23, r = −0.26). In conclusion, uveitis is the earliest ocular alteration of canine ehrlichiosis. The severity of ocular abnormalities in patients with ehrlichiosis is associated with thrombocytopenia and may be aggravated by anemia and leukopenia. The hemogram and IOP are useful tools for predicting eye involvement in Ehrlichia canis-infected patients. In regions where Ehrlichia canis is endemic, the use of the tonometer should be routinely in dog general consultation.
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Andrade, Ana Claúdia De Souza, Laisa Marina Rosa Rey, Isabela Carvalho dos Santos, Lucas Lima Da Silva, Sarah Gabriella Delallo Charnovski, Natalie Bertelis Merlini, and Daniela Dib Gonçalves. "Bilateral Anophthalmia in Feline." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 49 (May 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.110141.
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Background: Anophthalmia is a rare, congenital condition, defined as the complete absence of the eye bulb due to inadequate growth of the vesicle or optic dome. The malformation can be primary (in the absence of complete), secondary (in the presence of only residual tissue), or degenerative (in which the eye begins to form, but for some reason, it begins to degenerate). This condition is rare in dogs, cats, cattle, and sheep. Microscopic evaluation of orbital tissue for identification is always recommended. The aim of this study was to report a case of bilateral anophthalmia in a domestic cat.Case: A feline male, healthy, Maine Coon breed with 60 days of life was attended at the one veterinary private clinic. The cat, negative for FIV and FeLV, was born in a commercial cattery, belonging to his mother's third litter, healthy litter with the exception of this feline. He arrived with a complaint of not opening his eyelids, like the rest of the litter. In the clinical examination, it was found the normality of vital signs, absence of other visible anatomical abnormalities, only the ocular region was observed with closed eyelids. The initial suspicions were anophthalmia and microphthalmia. The patient was referred for an ocular ultrasound, which showed the complete absence of the right and left eye bulbs. The right and left orbital cavities had only a volume of soft, amorphous, and predominantly homogeneous tissue. After the ultrasound report, the patient underwent a surgical procedure to remove a fragment of tissue from the eye socket, which was sent for histopathological examination to confirm anophthalmia and discard the differential diagnosis of microphthalmia. Microscopy revealed immature, epithelial, and glandular tissue in the middle of discrete and moderate connective tissue, loosely arranged. In some fragments, cartilaginous tissue was also revealed. Thus, the histological findings are compatible with immature, pseudoformed tissues and without neoplastic characteristics. The diagnosis of secondary anophthalmia was reached with use of ultrasound and histological reports.Discussion: Congenital malformations in domestic cats are less frequent than in dogs, some of which are rare, and little reported. Secondary anophthalmia in the reported patient was confirmed by histological and ultrasound examination. Bilateral secondary anophthalmia is characterized by the absence of the eyeball, but with the presence of adjacent tissue. The animal was submitted to an ocular ultrasound examination and the complete absence of ocular bulbs was found. The differential diagnosis of microphthalmia was ruled out because there was no evidence of the eyeball. Microphthalmia is a common congenital ophthalmic disorder in veterinary medicine. Representative fragments were submitted to histopathological examination, where immature, epithelial tissue was found. In some fragments sent for analysis, cartilaginous tissue was observed. The histological findings are compatible with immature, pseudoformed tissues, thus verifying bilateral congenital anophthalmia in the reported animal. The clinical examination in these cases serves to ensure that the animal does not have any other congenital changes, allowing a favorable prognosis in puppies. Based on the information presented, the animal in this study has bilateral secondary congenital anophthalmia, with a favorable prognosis for the patient to live with certain normality, with quality and well-being.
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Rodrigues, Nhirneyla Marques, Ulisses Nilo Landi, Ana Maria Quessada, Marcus Valerius de Matos Freitas, Cristian Francisco de Carvalho Pereira, Jeferson da Cruz Silva, Sávio Soares Barbosa Dantas, and Luan Tezei Maia. "Bilateral Anophthalmia in Dog Associated with Congenital Penile Malformation." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 50 (April 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.118790.
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Background: Anophthalmia refers to the complete absence of an eyeball. It is a very rare congenital condition that affects all breeds of dogs, which may be unilateral or bilateral. Anophthalmia results from a severe developmental deficiency in the primitive forebrain, prior to the formation of the optic sulcus. This condition has a complex etiology, and chromosomal, monogenic, and environmental causes have already been identified. There might be an association between anophthalmia and other congenital abnormalities. This case report aimed to report the case of a male dog with bilateral anophthalmia associated with penile malformation. Case: A 3-year-old male mongrel dog was evaluated in a clinical consultation at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) - Teresina - Brazil, with signs of anemia and diarrhea. His vaccinations were not up to date (multiple and anti-rabies), presented ectoparasites (ticks), and showed inappetence. The owner reported that the animal was blind from birth, was already well adapted to its environment, had the company of other animals, and had no access to the street. On clinical examination, the animal had a good body score. The eyelids were bilaterally present with normally developed eyelashes. Both the head and face had a symmetrical appearance, without structural abnormalities, and the palpebral fissures were narrow. When opening the eyelids manually, the presence of the conjunctiva was observed bilaterally, the orbits were shallow, and neither orbit contained the eyeball. Further inspection with an ophthalmic clinical flashlight did not reveal any other ocular structures. The initial diagnosis was suggestive of bilateral anophthalmia. Ultrasound examination of the ocular region confirmed the presence of bilateral anophthalmia. A general physical examination revealed a malformed penis with a persistent penile frenulum. Regarding systemic clinical signs (apathy, inappetence, diarrhea, and anemia), clinical and laboratory examinations led to the suspicion of verminosis. Discussion: The dog in this report had a good body score; however, this type of malformation can generate non-viable puppies. Anophthalmia is an extremely rare congenital ocular malformation, both in humans and companion animals, in which there are no ocular structures in the orbits, and these structures (orbits) in affected individuals are generally small and shallow, as seen in the dog in this report. Ultrasonographic examination confirmed the bilateral anophthalmic condition, being the most accurate method of diagnosing this congenital condition. The animal in this report presented with anophthalmia associated with penile malformation. This type of association until this case report has only been described in humans and mice, and is probably caused by a mutation in the Sox2 gene, which is responsible for the protein of the same name, which makes the maturation of ocular tissues in the primitive forebrain. Thus, it is likely that such congenital alterations are the cause of the malformations observed in this animal. Maternal vitamin A deficiency, a factor known to cause ocular malformations, may also be involved in the etiology of congenital diseases. Nutritional imbalances in dogs are common in the animal’s region of origin The dog in this report had a normal life. Although it is a condition that causes blindness, dogs can have a normal life and welfare, even with bilateral anophthalmia. Keywords: canine, persistence penile frenulum, eye, congenital anomalies. Título: Bilateral Anophthalmia in Dog Associated with Congenital Penile Malformation. Descritores: canino, doenças animais, genética, anomalias congênitas.
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De Azevedo, Milena Castro, Vinicius De Jesus Moraes, Débora Passos Hinojosa Schaffer, Francisco De Assis Dórea Neto, Carlos Hiroshi Duarte Iwassa, and Vivian Fernanda Barbosa. "Multimodal Anaesthesia in a Crab-eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) Undergoing Hemilaminectomy and Sacrococcygeal Stabilization." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 48 (December 24, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.103551.
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Background: Several researches have shown the impacts of roads more directly to wildlife in Brazil. The crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) is a frequent run over victim. Dissociative drugs are commonly used, but inhalation anesthesia is indicated in cases of extensive and prolonged surgeries. Despite their similarity with domestic dogs, the literature is scarce regarding the association of new anesthetic techniques and protocols in wild canids. The aim of this paper was to report the viability of multimodal anesthesia in a crab-eating fox, victim of running over, undergoing hemilaminectomy and sacrococcygeal stabilization.Case: An adult male specimen of crab-eating fox was rescued after being run over and taken to a wild animal screening center. Physical examination showed superficial and deep pain, lack of support for the pelvic limbs and proprioception, increased reflexes, and reduced tail mobility. Chemical restraint with intramuscular (IM) tiletamine-zolazepam (6.0 mg/kg) and morphine (0.5 mg/kg) was performed. Meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg IM) and enrofloxacin (5.0 mg/kg IM) were also administered. The animal was sequentially admitted to the veterinary hospital. Radiographic images showed compaction of the spinal column of the T10 and T11 thoracic vertebrae and the sacrococcygeal region. Sixty min after chemical restraint, the anesthesia was supplemented with IM tiletamine-zolazepam (4.5 mg/kg), and fluid therapy with 0.9% NaCl (10 mL/kg/h) was started. Ten min later, intravenous propofol dose-effect (2.5 mg/kg) was administered and general anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (FiO2 = 1.0). Thirty min after the induction of anesthesia, the animal was urdergoing hemilaminectomy and sacrococcygeal stabilization. Constant rate infusions (CRI) of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg/h) and ketamine (0.6 mg/kg/h) were started. Lidocaine (7.0 mg/kg) and bupivacaine (2.0 mg/kg) were administered into the surgical site on the T10 and T11 vertebrae at 35 and 80 min into the surgery, respectively. The isoflurane requirement was adjusted often to keep the animal in the surgical anesthetic plan. At the end of the surgery (total time, 95 min), lumbosacral epidural analgesia was performed with morphine (0.1 mg/kg). No important abnormalities were detected in heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, or body temperature during the surgical period. The time intervals between the end of anesthesia, and the following events: extubation, the first head movement, and the establishment of sternal were 18, 34 and 73 min, respectively. Recovery was considered calm and peaceful, with no signs of pain or excitement.Discussion: Considering the painful discomfort and the need for manipulation, dissociative anesthesia was initially used to move the animal to hospital care. Due to the immediate indication for surgery, it was decided to use propofol in a sufficient dose for orotracheal intubation, keeping anesthesia with isoflurane. With the expectation of severe pain during the surgical procedure, CRI of dexmedetomidine and ketamine were used, in addition to lidocaine and bupivacaine at the lesion site. Although the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane has not been recorded, the physiological parameters were kept relatively stable, ratifying the adequate plan of anesthesia compatible with the observed eye reflexes. Based on the experience with other canids, the use of epidural morphine was performed, aiming at postsurgical analgesic extension. Although a certain lack of coordination was observed, the animal’s recovery was characterized by stillness, with no signs of pain or excitement, confirming the effectiveness of the anesthetic protocol. The present report may aid in the choice of balanced anesthetic approaches in wild canids.