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Mengher, Lakhbir Singh. "Tear assessment of the dry eye." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258016.
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Naase, Taher. "Clinical assessment of eye characteristics, sensitivity, and eye blink activity in humans." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486492.
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The aims of this thesis were to objectively assess the characteristics of the ocular surface and tear film and possible inter-relationships with spontaneous eye blink activity. Both Arab and white European subjects (42 of each, average age 32 ±5 years) were studied, with all being generally healthy and non-contact lens wearers, All subjects completed an eye comfort questionnaire and assessments made with fluorescein of tear film stability and the tarsal surface, while lissamine green dye was used to highlight the eyelid marginal zone (Marx's line), Ocular surface sensitivity (cornea and bulbar conjunctiva) were measured with a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer, the bulbar conjunctival cells sampled by impression cytology, and the spontaneous eyeblink rate (SEBR) recorded by videography. Most measures were very similar in both groups of subjects, although Arab subjects had lower tear film stability (9.7 ± 3.0 vs,14,2 ± 6.8 s, p =0,001), a wider staining with lissamine green (0.37 vs. 0.28 mm; p = 0.002), a slightly lower ocular surface sensitivity (e.g, 24.5 ± 4.4 mm vs. 28.5 ± 4.5 mm for bulbar conjunctiva, p = 0.001), but a higher eyeblink rate (18.4 ± 10.9 vs. 10.9 ± 5,9 eyeblinks/min; p =0.001). Fluorescein highlighted features (papillae) across the tarsal conjunctiva, assessed using a novel semi-automated morphometry method, had average areas from 0.028 to 0,370 mm2 (mean 0.098 ± 0,056 mm2), while the nucleus-to-cytoplasm length ratio (NUCL) of bulbar conjunctival cells ranged from 0,240 to 0.500 (mean 0.380 ± 0,060). Both sets of morphometry data correlated well with subjective grading schemes, but there was no difference between subject groups or any correlation between tarsal and bulbar surfaces (p ~ 0.2). Eyeblink rates (SEBR) ranged from 2,8 to 48.0 eyeblinks/min (mean 14.9 ± 9.9 eyeblinks/min) with analyses indicating that subjects should be considered to have either (normal or 'frequent' eyeblinking based on ~ 19 eyeblinks/min. The frequent eyeblink activity could not be statistically linked to palpebral aperture height (p ~ 0.2). Across all subjects, SEBR could be shown to be weakly correlated with conjunctival sensitivity (p = 0.014, rs = - 0.269) and the variability in the Marx line staining (p =0.019), but not to tarsal or bulbar conjunctival features (p =0.635, P = 0.913) respectively. Overall, SEBR was not dependent on film stability in either subject group (p ~ 0.4), although could be shown to be negatively correlated (p = 0.027, r = - 0.418) with tear break up time in individuals with J-type eyeblink patterns.
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Tan, Li Li. "Assessment of dry eyes using ocular surface thermography." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/assessment-of-dry-eyes-using-ocular-surface-thermography(77e912eb-6a15-4ea1-8b2c-7ed9958591ec).html.
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Assessment and diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED) is a challenging task. The conventional ways of diagnosing DED are problematic due to their invasiveness, poor test reliability and significant test duration. Previously, ocular surface thermography has been shown to be able to detect early inflammation and dry eye. However, its diagnostic ability and ocular temperature metrics that can best diagnose DED are not clear. The objectives of this thesis were manyfold. First, the prevalence of dry eye in Singapore population was investigated as a helpful basis for the rest of the project. A cross-sectional dry eye survey was carried out using McMonnies dry eye questionnaire. Members of the public were interviewed at 46 (out of 62) selected mass rapid transit stations in Singapore and its vicinity. 1004 questionnaires were collected from participants aged 15 - 83 years and various ethnicity. Prevalence of symptomatic dry eye (SDE) was found to be 12.3% (about 0.5 million Singaporeans). Risk factors associated with SDE were found to be age, gender, ethnicity, hypertension and contact lens wear. Smoking was not associated with SDE.The main part of this thesis sought to evaluate the efficacy of ocular thermography in diagnosing DED. A new infrared detector (NEC Thermo Tracer TH 9260) with relatively high resolution was used. Inter-image, inter-occasion and inter-examiner repeatability was first studied on 21 healthy and 15 DED subjects. Ocular surface marking and ocular surface temperature (OST) acquisition was performed with a novel 'diamond' method using a custom-designed OST analysis V2 software. Ten out of the twelve tested OST indices were shown to be highly repeatable for three studied time points: 0 s, 5 s and 10 s. They were temperatures of the geometric center of the cornea (GCC), mean temperature (MOST) of the region of interest (ROI), maximum (MaxT) and minimum (MinT) temperatures of the ROI, extreme temporal (T1) and nasal conjunctiva (T4), mid temporal (CT) and nasal conjunctiva (CN) and temporal (LT) and nasal limbal (LN). Another 62 DED and 63 age- and sex-matched controls were then recruited and the ten static and dynamic OST indices were evaluated. Static measures were study of absolute OST at t = 0 s, 5 s and 10 s after eye opening. Dynamic measures were study of mean change and net change in OST over 10 s of sustained eye opening. Static measures on eight OST indices (GCC, MOST, MinT, MaxT, T4, CT, LT and LN) at t = 0 s, 5 s and 10 s and dynamic measures on two OST indices (T4 at 3 s onward and MaxT at 5 s onward) were found to be valuable in detecting DED. The temperature metrics (static and dynamic) were identified for further investigation. Thereafter, the diagnostic ability of the temperature metrics were evaluated singly and as combinations in terms of their area under the curve (AUC), Youden index and discrimination power. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for each metric. Best detectors for DED were found to be the T4 temperature metrics: particularly T4-5 and T4-10 (i.e. absolute temperature of the extreme nasal conjunctiva at 5 s and 10 s). Values of T4-5 of < 34.8 °C were found to give sensitivity and specificity of 87.1% and 50.8% respectively and values of T4-10 of < 34.6 °C were found to give sensitivity and specificity of 77.6% and 61.9% respectively. The two temperature metrics had highest Youden index as compared to other metrics and were shown to be useful in view of AUC > 70% but of limited performance in view of their discrimination power. Nevertheless, measuring T4-5 and T4-10 was found to be comparable to other conventional methods for DED. T4-10 was better than T4-5 in view of higher AUC and Youden index. None of the tested dynamic metrics was good detector for DED and combining metrics were not able to increase the diagnostic ability. The last part of this thesis was to validate the effectiveness of some common conventional dry eye tests, to study their correlation with T4 temperature metrics and derive the best composite/combined tests for DED. Sixty two DED patients and 82 controls were studied. The conventional clinical tests examined were: symptom evaluation using McMonnies dry eye questionnaire (Mscore) and symptom count (Scount), fluorescein break-up time (FBUT) and corneal epithelial staining (CES), non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH). Mscore and Scount was the best detectors for DED, followed by FBUT and CES. Discordance between signs and symptoms for DED was further confirmed. Combining CES with T4-10 (series) can be future objective tests for DED. Further research is warranted, particularly to (1) validate the ability of T4-10 as a stand-alone test for DED and (2) work out an algorithm and validate the diagnostic ability of the recommended combined test (CES and T4-10) using newly recruited subjects.
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Al, Madi Naser S. "Modeling Eye Movement for the Assessment of Programming Proficiency." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1595429905152276.
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Thurén, Ragnar. "Assessment Tools for Eye Tracker : Developing a Prototype of a Test of Reception of Language Using Eye Tracker." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-31783.
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Nichols, Kelly Kinney. "An assessment of the use of surveys in diagnosing dry eye /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488205318508287.
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Wierszewski, Emily Ann. "A Readerly Eye: Teachers Reading Student Multimodal Texts." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1281183575.
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Abdualiyeva, Gulnara. "Employing mHealth Applications for the Self-Assessment of Selected Eye Functions and Prediction of Chronic Major Eye Diseases among the Aging Population." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39235.
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In the epoch of advanced mHealth (mobile health) use in ophthalmology, there is a scientific call for regulating the validity and reliability of eye-related apps. For a positive health outcome that works towards enhancing mobile-application guided diagnosis in joint decision-making between eye specialists and individuals, the aging population should be provided with a reliable and valid tool for assessment of their eye status outside the physician office. This interdisciplinary study aims to determine through hypothesis testing validity and reliability of a limited set of five mHealth apps (mHAs ) and through binary logistic regression the prediction possibilities of investigated apps to exclude the four major eye diseases in the particular demographic population.
The study showed that 189 aging adults (45- 86 years old) who did complete the mHAs’ tests were able to produce reliable results of selected eye function tests through four out of five mHAs measuring visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, red desaturation, visual field and Amsler grid in comparison with a “gold standard” - comprehensive eye examination. Also, part of the participants was surveyed for assessing the Quality of Experience on mobile apps.
Understanding of current reliability of existing eye-related mHAs will lead to the creation of ideal mobile application’ self-assessment protocol predicting the timely need for clinical assessment and treatment of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and cataract. Detecting the level of eye function impairments by mHAs is cost-effective and can contribute to research methodology in eye diseases’ prediction by expanding the system of clear criteria specially created for mobile applications and provide returning significant value in preventive ophthalmology.
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Kaphle, Dinesh. "Magnitude and determinants of the ratio between prevalences of low vision and blindness in rapid assessment of avoidable blindness surveys." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20836.
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Part A of the dissertation includes the protocol of the study, which was approved by Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee, University of Cape Town. The study was observational analytical, aiming to determine the magnitude and determinants of the ratio between prevalence of low vision and prevalence of blindness using Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) surveys across World Bank regions. The surveys included in the study were available in the RAAB repository and obtained through permission from the primary investigators. A univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the ratio as an outcome variable and potential explanatory variables as follows: prevalence of Uncorrected Refractive Error (URE), Cataract Surgical Coverage (CSC) at visual acuity 3/60, 6/60 and 6/18 for persons, logarithm of Gross Domestic Product per capita income and health expenditure per capita income. Part B contains the structured literature review. PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOHOST (Africa wide and MEDLINE) and Web of science databases were used to look for literature using the following key words: rapid assessment, blindness, age-related cataract, uncorrected refractive errors, low vision, visual impairment, avoidable OR curable OR preventable OR treatable. The summary of the literature review in addition to the gap in the literature is presented in the section. Part C includes a journal "ready" manuscript. The results showed that the ratio was between 1.35% in Mozambique and 11.03% in India. There was a statistically significant variation of the ratio across the regions: approximately 7.0 in South Asia and approximately 3.0 in Sub-Saharan Africa (X2=28.23, P<0.001). The variables: prevalence of Uncorrected Refractive Errors (URE), Cataract Surgical Coverage at visual acuity 3/60, 6/60 and 6/18 for persons, logarithm of Gross Domestic Product per capita and logarithm of health expenditure per capita were found to be statistically significantly associated with the ratio. However, only prevalence of URE and CSC at 3/60 for persons across the regions were found statistically significant in multivariate analysis.
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Oertli, David Bernhardt. "Proton dose assessment to the human eye using Monte Carlo n-particle transport code (MCNPX)." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1024.
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Condon, David. "A Masking Procedure for Stimulus Control Assessment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538678/.
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The present series of experiments were designed to investigate the utility of the use of a masking system to assess the development of stimulus control. The first experiment compares sample observing time with response accuracy in a match-to-sample task. The second experiment more closely examines this relation by subdividing the sample stimulus mask into four quadrants. The third experiment compares sample observing time during training with accuracy during a subsequent testing condition to determine if the observed differentiation between the quadrants was correlated with the development of stimulus control.
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Abid, Nahla Jamal. "Automatic Generation and Assessment of Source-code Method Summaries." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492993506814839.
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Mueller, Andreas. "Assessment of eye growth-related changes in the corneal endothelium of children and young teenagers." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341552.
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Graca, Anna Barbara. "Assessment and modulation of gliosis in inherited eye disease and its impact on cell replacement therapy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1541540/.
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In most inherited retinal degenerations such as age-related macular degeneration, death of photoreceptors leads to irreversible vision impairment. As the retina starts to degenerate, the retinal environment begins to remodel. While variations in the timing and magnitude of retinal response have been reported by various studies looking at different initiating insults, there has been no comparative assessment of the diseased retinae across time in multiple models of retinal degeneration. Here, the process of gliosis, outer nuclear layer cytoarchitecture and integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) were examined in seven different mouse models of inherited retinal degeneration. Findings from this study demonstrated that each of the examined mutants manifests a unique pattern of alterations occurring in the retinal microenvironment, including significant changes to OLM junctions. Moreover, these animals showed that the type of the Müller glial response and its magnitude are not correlated with disease severity. Having identified marked but varied changes in the expression of GFAP, Vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycas (CSPGs) between different models, further work investigated whether it is possible to prevent or manipulate these changes. By knocking down expression of GFAP and Vimentin by with RNA interference (RNAi), the role of these proteins both in the development of degeneration-associated glial hypertrophy and in influencing photoreceptor transplantation outcome was assessed. Consistent with the idea that CSPGs deposition in the subretinal space represents a barrier to therapeutic interventions, an enzymatic approach was used to effectively digest these molecules in a diseased mouse retina. In the last instance, RNAi-mediated knockdown of CRB1, one of the key regulators of AJs, was used to introduce disruption of OLM integrity. The overall aim of this thesis was to provide a better understanding of the barriers in a diseased retinal environment and how they can be manipulated to ease in a future some of the therapeutic strategies to help to restore lost vision.
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Miramontes, Adriana J. "Examining eye fixation patterns during the Situation Present Assessment Method (SPAM) under varying levels of workload." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10253672.
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The situated approach to situation awareness (SA) claims that operators use tools and displays to store information that cannot be held in working memory when they are performing complex and dynamic tasks. Based on this approach, operators store general and high priority information internally and offload specific and low priority information to the environment. High levels of workload can lead to a reduction in working memory capacity and can increase levels of stress. As a result, workload is likely to affect how an operator stores information. The current study tests the situated approach to SA and its assumptions by examining eye fixations during the Situation Present Assessment Method (SPAM) for measuring situation awareness and examines how a shift in workload affects situation awareness and offloading behavior. Results found support for the situated approach to SA such that participants took longer to answer probe queries, made more glances toward the radar scope, and had longer eye glance latencies when answering specific questions than general questions, indicating that they offloaded specific information to the environment. Furthermore, results indicated that workload lead to a change in strategy such that participants took longer to answer probe queries, made more glances toward the radar scope, and had longer eye glance latencies when under high workload conditions. Therefore, higher workload leads an operator to offload information to the environment.
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Sharif, Bonita. "Empirical Assessment of UML Class Diagram Layouts Based on Architectural Importance." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1271679781.
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Bates, Richard E. A. "Enhancing the performance of eye and head mice : a validated assessment method and an investigation into the performance of eye and head based assistive technology pointing devices." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435232.
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Baker, Robin Serena DDS. "An Objective Assessment of the Contribution of Dental Esthetics and Facial Attractiveness in Men via Eye Tracking." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1490352550943217.
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Carroll, Meredith. "EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EYE TRACKING-BASED SEARCH PERFORMANCE DIAGNOSIS AND FEEDBACK METHODS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2986.
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In today s complex combat environments, troops are often faced with increasingly challenging tasks different from those experienced in the past. Warfighters must be trained in adaptive perceptual skill sets, such as search strategies that enable them to detect threats across any number of environmental, cultural, and situational conditions. The goal of the present study was to explore how advanced technology, specifically eye tracking, can be used to increase understanding of perceptual processes such as search and detection and provide tools that can be used to train search skills. Experiment 1 examined a method of diagnosing perceptual performance in order to be able to identify the perceptual root cause of target detection deficiencies and how these impact overall target detection performance. Findings indicate the method can be used to pinpoint where in the perceptual process a target miss originated, whether due to ineffective search strategy, inability to detect the subtle cues of the threat or inability to recognize these cues as indicative of a threat. Experiment 2 examined the training effectiveness of providing trainees with process level tailored feedback which incorporates elements of expert and trainee scan patterns. Findings indicate that providing trainees with elements of either expert or trainee scan patterns has the ability to significantly improve the search strategy being employed by the trainee. This work provides strong support for the use of eye tracking based perceptual performance diagnosis methods and training strategies in improving trainee search performance for complex target detection tasks.Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology PhD
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Andersson, Matilda. "To Knock the Eye Out of a Friend : Assessment of an Orthographic Reform Upon the English Language." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25371.
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This essay is a theoretical qualitative study, which examines the possibility for a spelling reform into English. The history of orthographical changes into British English, as well as Brown’s categorisation of spelling reforms, is reviewed. Four spelling reform proposals are analysed and compared. Additionally, the social discourses of Eira, which are relevant to a spelling reform, are analysed and discussed with regard to English. There is only speculation as to why no modern day spelling reform has been implemented in British English, but it is connected to its historical events, the social discourses and the implementation process. Spelling reform into English is theoretically feasible, but it depends on the implementation strategies and support from those who wish to perform such a change.
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Tolentino-Serrano, Brandon. "In the Eye of the Storm: Houston after Hurricane Harvey." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/203.
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Situated in one of the wettest climates in America, Houston, TX has had a long history of heavy rains and unprecedented floods. Unfortunately, floods have become more common over the last few decades as climate change increases the frequency and intensity of hurricanes around the globe. To complicate matters further, Houston has quickly sprawled to accommodate over 2.5 billion people. Rapid urbanization has rendered the landscape even more susceptible to floods through excess concretization and watershed disturbance. This thesis traces the history of the Bayou City in relation to the damages caused by Hurricane Harvey. By mapping out the original neighborhoods and the current demographics of the city, I argue that low-income and minority groups have been systematically forced into higher-risk floodplains via prejudice housing practices. Furthermore, I explore the roles of the National Insurance Flood Program (NIFP) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in the rebuilding of the city following Harvey, and I detail the sudden spike in unsheltered homeless people across the region. The thesis closes by critiquing projects that have been proposed for the future well-being of Houston (i.e. reservoir remediation, conveyance projects, coastal dykes, etc.). Evidently, local and outside experts across fields and organizations need to cooperate to determine the immediate and specific needs of neighborhoods and people across the city of Houston.
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Anjum, Javad. "An Eyetracking Method for Simultaneous and Differential Indexing of Automatic and Strategic Processes in Semantic Priming." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou149010574160738.
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Escalante, Talavera Juan M. "ESL Students' Reading Behaviors on Multiple-Choice Items at Differing Proficiency Levels: An Eye-Tracking Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7424.
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Theorists have been concerned with the overlap of reading and problem solving for at least a century (Thorndike 1917, 1973-1974; Sternberg & Frensch, 2014). Various reading models have been proposed including bottom-up and top-down reading processing (Goodman, 1972; Gough, 1972). In second language literature, theorists have further noted that reading consists of strategic, purposeful, and interactive processes (Grabe, 2009). In test taking situations, problem solving is important because it can compensate for students' language proficiencies. In spite of research showing the use of problem solving in reading, less is known about how learners actually read and problem solve in test-taking situations. This study centers around Khalifa, Weir and colleagues' model for cognitive processing in reading (Weir, Hawkey, Green, Unaldy, & Devi, 2009) in combination with eye-tracking technology in order to examine how ESL readers employ careful and expeditious reading. Data were gathered from 50 students attending a university sponsored Intensive English Program. Participants read eight validated reading comprehension items at varying difficulty levels while their eye movements were recorded. Results indicate that student level may not be a factor in how carefully and expeditiously a student reads. However, statistical analyses suggest that text difficulty may be a factor in how carefully students read.
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Powell, Daniel Russell. "Assessment of tear film and ocular surface alterations in cigarette smokers." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374074625.
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Heuer, Sabine. "A New Eye-tracking Method to Assess Attention Allocation in Individuals With and Without Aphasia Using a Dual-task Paradigm." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1242269736.
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Bailey, Melissa D. "The assessment of postoperative refractive surgery patients in clinical research." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1086104689.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Document formatted into pages; contains 137 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2005 June 1.
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Molopyane, J. "Through the eye of a student : customer care in academic libraries, a case at the Central University of Technology, Free State." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 13, Issue 4: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/319.
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Published ArticleThe purpose of this research was to investigate the perceptions of clients namely, students, about the quality of library services and also the quality of staff client relationship. It was envisaged that through this study the perceptions, feelings and views of students in as far as their needs satisfaction could be illuminated. The study addressed the following concerns: Apart from the physical and other library resources, are there other mechanisms of evaluating the quality of services an academic library has to offer? In order for an academic library to improve service quality, what role should clients play? What are their concerns about their information needs consideration and what other possible means can be done to satisfy those needs?
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Savage, Steven William. "Oculomotor and electrophysiological markers of cognitive distraction during low-level and complex visual tasks." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2015. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/3a3a2a97-a3ba-46c5-aecf-a52d10e3b25b.
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Distraction during driving is one of the leading contributors to injury and mortality rates in traffic accidents. The aim of this current thesis was to consider 1) whether oculomotor and electrophysiological metrics could act as markers of cognitive distraction; 2) whether decrements in hazard perception performance caused by secondary cognitive task demand are to some extent due to cognitive load interfering with processes of alerting, orienting, inhibitory control and visual search; 3) what elements of secondary cognitive tasks have the greatest impact on hazard perception performance; and 4) whether the susceptibility of previously identified markers of cognitive distraction are affected by primary task difficulty. Over the course of four Experiments we recorded the effects of secondary cognitive task demand on behavioural, oculomotor and electrophysiological metrics during a variety of low-level and complex visual tasks. Taken together the experiments of this thesis have demonstrated that secondary cognitive task demand interferes with not just one but every component process of hazard perception performance that was examined. Next, this research has demonstrated that measures such as blink rates, saccade peak velocities, the spread of fixations along the horizontal axis as well as reductions in alpha and beta power output may be reliable indicators of secondary cognitive task demand regardless of the type of primary task. Finally we have shown that the co-registration of eye movements, EEG and ERP measures is a viable method with which to study the cognitive processes involved in visual processing within low level and complex visual tasks.
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Byrum, Hollie Ann. "Evaluating the Effects of Reinforcer Quality on Academic Skill Acquisition with Students With Significant Disabilities." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406309104.
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Denison, Teresa J. "An Assessment of the Perceived Value of Teacher Portfolios in the Early Years Enhancement (EYE) Program by Primary and Secondary Teachers in Utah's Schools." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/175.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the use of the teacher portfolio as an evaluation of professional development in Utah's new teacher licensing--the Early Year's Enhancement (EYE) program. This study explored teacher perceptions of the value of the portfolio. Results of the study identified the perceived value of teacher portfolios related to: (a) accuracy as an evaluation tool, (b) usefulness with respect to teacher professional growth, (c) feasibility with regard to teacher time, and (d) appropriateness related to the effect of portfolios on teaching practices. It also identified the relationship of the teacher's perceived value and the required district portfolio format, teaching assignment, age of teacher, number of years teaching, district employed by, district training in portfolio development, and district use of the portfolio. Using a mixed method survey design, data were collected from the new teachers who had completed the EYE evaluation in the 40 school districts of Utah during the 4 years since its implementation. Teacher surveys developed by Tucker, Stronge, and Gareis were adapted, delivered electronically, and utilized to provide both quantitative and qualitative data. Telephone interviews with the district EYE contact provided additional information for the study. The results of the study indicated that new teachers perceived the EYE portfolio as minimally effective as an accurate, useful, feasible, and appropriate tool for measuring professional development. A relationship was found in the teacher's assignment, age, district, portfolio training level, and the district's use of the portfolio and their perception of value. Teachers identified self-reflection as an important advantage and the time requirement as a critical disadvantage of the portfolio process.
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Peiffer, Adam J. "The Collaborative Assessment of Neurocognition and Vision in Adolescents with Sports-related Concussion - The CANVAS Concussion Study." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523962375501181.
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Skyttner, Sofia. "Assessment of two optimization strategies for pediatric computed tomography examinations: Bismuth shielding & organ-based tube current modulation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-161289.
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Background: It is well known that pediatric patients are different from adult patients. Not only are children of a smaller physical size, but their anatomy differs as well. They are also more vulnerable to ionizing radiation than adults are, since their larger attributable life-time risk for cancer. This entitles children as extra radiosensitive patients, and special concern should be taken regarding their radiosensitive organs. Computed tomography (CT) examinations inevitably involve exposure of all skin-deep organs although rarely being objects for the diagnostic task. For example, multiple CT head examinations increase the risk of radiation induced cataract in eye lenses. Absorbed dose to these radiosensitive skin-deep organs should therefore be decreased by available optimization strategies in accordance withthe ALARA principle -as low as reasonably achievable- which guides the process of optimization anddose reduction. Two optimization strategies to decrease absorbed dose to skin-deep organs are Bismuth (Bi) shielding and organ-based tube current modulation (organ-based TCM). Aim: The aim of this work was to assess two dose optimization strategies for decreasing absorbed dose to skin-deep organs in pediatric CT imaging: Bi shielding and organ-based TCM. The specific patient categories chosen were newborn, one year old and five year old. Materials and Methods: Three anthropomorphic phantoms representing newborn, one year old and five year old were scanned with CT protocol parameters selected in accordance with clinical routine for pediatric CT examinations at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm. Dose differences from introducing the optimization strategies were obtained by using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) and metal oxide semiconductor feld effect transistor dosimeters (MOSFETs). Monte Carlo estimated dose values were introduced as a comparison to further establish the validity of the obtained measured values. Results: The benefit in decreased radiation dose to anterior skin-deep organs - when applying the optimization strategies - depended on both body region and body size. Bi shielding was more advantageous the smaller and less attenuating the body was. Organ-based TCM was more advantageous, if an increased dose to posterior organs could be accepted. A less attenuating and smaller phantom did not benefit by organ-based TCM due to increased posterior irradiation. Conclusions: The general conclusion is that the optimal choice of optimization strategy will depend on both body region being scanned and age. Regarding CT head examinations, pediatric patients of ages between newborn and five year old will benefit most by application of organ-based TCM, if an increased dose to backside head can be justified. Regarding CT thorax examinations, newborn and one year old patients will benefit most by application of Bi shielding, while organ-based TCM is preferable for five year old patients.
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Evans, Dakota C. "A THEORETICAL ADAPTIVE AUTONOMY MODEL:REAL-TIME PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF COGNITIVE WORKLOAD." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1421080260.
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Chamaret, Christel. "Color harmony : experimental and computational modeling." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S015/document.
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Comme la consommation de médias numériques a explosé ces dernières années, faire des photos esthétiques, avec ou sans expertise artistique, est plus que jamais un sujet de recherche. Plusieurs axes peuvent être explorés: la haute définition, la luminance ou contraste étendue, les gamut couleur étendus. En plus de ces propriétés intrinsèques de l'image, des connaissances perceptuelles et/ou artistiques seraient de grande valeur pour tout utilisateur manipulant le contenu des images. Cette thèse propose d'aborder le thème de l'harmonie des couleurs. La littérature en lien avec ce sujet se retrouve à travers diverses disciplines : la science des couleurs, le traitement d'image, la psychologie… Ces expériences menées en science des couleurs privilégient la mesure de patchs combinant deux ou trois couleurs, rendant l'extrapolation à des images naturelles impossibles. D'autres approches ont défini des lois empiriques dictant l'arrangement des couleurs sur la roue des teintes. Le cadre applicatif de ces modèles géométriques manque de rigueur quant à leur utilisation. Malgré cela, des algorithmes en traitement d'image employant ces modèles ont vus le jour. Si les résultats semblent qualitativement agréables, ces algorithmes méritent une validation plus quantitative et objective, faisant intervenir une base de données appropriée. Dans cette thèse, deux approches sont mises en perspective: un travail expérimental et une partie algorithmique. Une expérience a été menée à l'aide d'un oculomètre avec une tâche dédiée à l'analyse de l'harmonie des couleurs, permettant de mesurer des effets dans le déploiement de l'attention visuelle. A partir de ces données, une vérité terrain a été extrapolée, permettant la validation des méthodes algorithmiques ensuite proposées. En premier, nous avons amélioré l'état de l'art sur l'harmonisation automatique des images au travers de diverses contributions et avons démontré de façon exhaustive le gain de notre approche. En deuxième contribution algorithmique, nous avons introduit une nouvelle sorte de métrique de qualité qui combine les concepts de masquage visuel et d'harmonie des couleurs. Ainsi, nous pouvons prédire quelles zones de l'image seront perçues harmonieuses, au vue de leur voisinage et donc des effets de masquages potentiels. Enfin, une dernière contribution, nous a amené à dériver deux outils d'édition incorporant les deux techniques précédentes, permettant de rendre accessible les concepts d'harmonie des couleurs à travers une formulation cachée et intuitiveSince the consumption of digital media exploded in the last decade, making aesthetic pictures quickly - with or without artistic expertise - is more than ever a research topic. Different axis of investigations remain possible: high resolution, high dynamic range or wide color gamut. Additionally to these objective image properties, more perceptual and artistic insights could be of benefit to any user manipulating pictures. In such context, this thesis deals with the topic of Color Harmony. The literature related to this topic is limited, but involves many different scientific areas: color science, image processing and psychology and so on. The validity of collected data is questionable due to their limitation to two- or three-colors patches. The models fitted from these data remain non-exploitable on natural pictures. Other models depicting rules or areas on color wheel lack scientific guidelines for their utilization. Nonetheless, some algorithms employing color harmony theory and models as a core concept showed up in the literature, but suffered from being quantitatively tested and validated. In this thesis, two views are put in perspective in order to respond to the previous statements: an experimental and a computational approaches. The conducted experiment allowed observing some effects with an eye-tracking protocol, never applied before with a task on color harmony assessment. From the collected data of our experimental work, we designed a method to generate a ground truth, which would serve to the validation of the two proposed computational methods. First, we improved an existing architecture for automatic color harmonization and demonstrated exhaustively the benefit of our approach. As a second computational contribution, a novel quality metric is introduced that integrates the concepts of visual masking and color harmony. Thus, we may predict which areas would be perceived harmonious regarding its neighborhood and then the potential masking effects. As a last contribution, two editing tools made accessible the color harmony theory through a hidden formulation of it and a user-friendly and intuitive interface
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Heuer, Sabine. "AN EVALUATION OF TEST IMAGES FOR MULTIPLE-CHOICE COMPREHENSION ASSESSMENT IN APHASIA." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1090264500.
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Mazet, Roseline. "Développement et élaboration de systèmes innovants pour la voie ophtalmique nvestigation of Combined Cyclodextrin and Hydrogel Formulation for Ocular Delivery of Dexamethasone Acetate by Means of Experimental Designs Biopharmaceutical Assessment of Dexamethasone Acetate-Based Hydrogels Combining Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrins and Polysaccharides for Ocular Delivery." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV057.
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L’inflammation ophtalmique nécessite un traitement rapide et efficace afin de limiter ses effets néfastes pour l’œil et la vision. La prise en charge thérapeutique consiste dans 90 % des cas en l’administration d’anti-inflammatoires (AI) par voie topique. Leur pénétration oculaire et leur biodisponibilité étant faibles, 1 à 5 % de la dose instillée traverse la cornée, la fréquence des instillations est importante pour les patients. Parmi les AIS et AINS disponibles dans l’arsenal thérapeutique, la dexaméthasone (DXM) est une des molécules les plus puissantes et efficaces, apparaissant comme une référence. L'acétate de DXM (DXMa) est un dérivé lipophile, potentiellement intéressant pour une utilisation topique ophtalmique, mais non commercialisée à ce jour. Cet ester serait mieux absorbé et moins enclin à provoquer une hypertension oculaire que les autres formes de DXM. Cependant, l'acétate de DXM présente un inconvénient majeur, sa très faible solubilité dans l’eau (0,021 g/mL à 25 °C). Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons développé une stratégie de formulation combinant d’une part les moyens d’amélioration de la solubilité de la DXMa et d’autre part les moyens de prolonger le temps de résidence du médicament sur le site d’administration. Pour y parvenir, nous avons mis en œuvre des cyclodextrines hydrosolubles (HPβCD et HPγCD), des polysaccharides (CELLUVISC® - Carmellose sodique et VISMED®- Hyaluronate de sodium) et des nanoparticules cationiques. Trois formulations principales sont ressorties de notre développement galénique : Gel A (HPβCD/DXMa/VISMED®), Gel B (HPγCD/DXMa/VISMED®/ CELLUVISC®) et Nano-Gel B (DXMa-γCD-C10/MAP 103a nanoparticles/HPγCD/DXMa/VISMED®/ CELLUVISC®). Elles ont permis d’atteindre les objectifs suivants : i) une augmentation significative de la solubilité apparente de la DXMa de 300 fois dans le Gel A, 950 dans le Gel B et 1000 dans le Nano-Gel B, ii) une augmentation du temps de résidence des formulations à la surface oculaire par rapport au BSS, de 2,9 fois pour le Gel A, 4,9 pour le Gel B et 5,9 pour les nanoparticules cationiques, iii) un passage transcornéen la DXMa de 1,8-3,8 et 2,5-5,2 fois plus élevée que DEXAFREE® et MAXIDEX®. Tenant compte de la voie d’administration, trois paramètres le pH, l’osmolalité et la viscosité des différentes formulations ont été étudiées et démontrées comme étant compatibles avec l’œil.En outre, la stabilité des gels A et B a été démontrée sur une durée de 12 mois à 25°C. Bien que les résultats de cytotoxicité et de tolérance présentés dans ce travail demanderaient à être complétés par des tests in vivo d’irritation oculaire, l’ensemble de ce travail pose de solides jalons permettant d’envisager une forme topique oculaire de DXMaThe therapeutic management of ophthalmic inflammation must be rapid and effective in order to avoid deleterious effects for the eye and vision. Generally, it includes steroidal (SAID) and non-steroidal (NSAID) anti-inflammatory drugs used by topical ocular administration. Unfortunately, their low bioavailability (1 to 5 % of the instilled dose) implies frequent instillations in patients. Among anti-inflammatory drugs, dexamethasone (DXM) is one of the most powerful and is considered as a reference molecule. DXM acetate (DXMa) is a lipophilic derivative, potentially interesting for topical ophthalmic use, but not marketed to date. This ester would be better absorbed without increasing the risk of ocular hypertension, a frequent adverse effect encountered with SAID. However, DXMa has a major disadvantage: a very low solubility in water (0.021 g / mL at 25 ° C).In this work, we developed a formulation strategy combining the means of improving apparent solubility and prolonging the drug’s residence time at the ocular surface. We used water-soluble cyclodextrins (HPβCD and HPγCD), polysaccharides (CELLUVISC® - Carmellose sodium and VISMED®-sodium hyaluronate) and cationic nanoparticles. Three main formulations emerged from our pharmaceutical development: Gel A (HPβCD / DXMa / VISMED®), Gel B (HPγCD / DXMa / VISMED® / CELLUVISC®) and Nano-Gel B (DXMa-γCD-C10 / MAP 103a nanoparticles / HPγCD / DXMa / VISMED® / CELLUVISC®). They achieved the following objectives: i) a significant increase in the apparent solubility of DXMa 300 times in Gel A, 950 in Gel B and 1000 in Nano-Gel B, ii) an increase in the time residence of the formulations on the ocular surface, 2.9 times for Gel A, 4.9 for Gel B and 5.9 for cationic nanoparticles, iii) an enhancement in DXMa transcorneal penetration, 1.8 -3.8 and 2.5-5.2 times higher than DEXAFREE® and MAXIDEX®. Taking into account the route of administration, the pH, osmolality and viscosity values of the various formulations were found compatible with the eye.In addition, Gels A and B were stable over a period of 12 months at 25 ° C. Although the cytotoxicity and tolerance results would need to be completed by in vivo eye irritation tests, this work sets solid milestones for considering a topical ocular form of DXMa
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Grip, Helena. "Biomechanical assessment of head and neck movements in neck pain using 3D movement analysis." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1600.
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Orsati, Fernanda Tebexreni. "Correlação entre habilidades executivas e rastreamento ocular em crianças e jovens com transtorno invasivo do desenvolvimento." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2007. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1601.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-09Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
Autism is part of a spectrum of the Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). It is characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication and behavior. The diagnosis is based on clinical assessment and behavior observation. New methods have been developed and studied for more precise diagnosis. Among these methods are PET scan, histological, neuropsychological and eye movements markers. Combining some of these methods, such as the neuropsychological assessment of executive functions and eye movement, correlations can establish with neurobiological bases and this way contribute to more precise interventions. The objective is to assess executive functions and correlate them to eye movements abnormalities in PDD participants. METHOD: 10 PDD children and adolescents, mean age 11,9 (SD=3,22)matched with 10 children and adolescents with typical development. The WISC III was used to assess intelligence, Trail Making, Rey Complex Figure and Hanoi Tower were used to assesse the executive functions. The eye movements parameters were assessed with Predictive Saccade Task (SP), Anti-Saccade (AS), Pursuit Eye Movement, and Face Tracking. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between General IQ, Executive IQ, part B of Trail Making Test, memory drawing after 3 and 30 minutes in the Complex Figure Test and the Hanoi Tower. Differences between groups were found in the eye tracking tasks: accuracy and latency in the SP Task; errors followed by correct saccades in the AS Task; numbers of pursuit eye movements and number of fixations on the eye region in faces with eye present or absent in the Face Tracking Task. Significant correlations were also found between measures of IQ, executive functions and eye tracking. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONS: A profile of neuropsychological deficits correlated to eye tracking patterns has been found. This profile is characterized by: difficulties on voluntary attention regulation, response inhibition, planning, response initiation and cognitive flexibility; and preserved viso-construction ability. The executive function impairments reflect on the social behavior regulation. The description of the executive profile can contribute to more efficient interventions.
O autismo está inserido dentro dos Transtornos Invasivos do Desenvolvimento (TID) sendo caracterizado por uma tríade de comprometimentos que atinge a interação social, comunicação e comportamento. Atualmente o diagnóstico é realizado por observação e relatos comportamentais sem que haja um marcador biológico único para caracterizá-lo. Novas possibilidades de determinar esse marcador preciso vêm sendo amplamente discutidas na literatura tais como: achados de ressonância magnética funcional, histológicos, neuropsicológicos e de movimento ocular. Desta maneira, a avaliação de funções executivas e de anormalidades do movimento ocular são meios de investigação das bases de funcionamento neubiológico e contribuem para maior precisão no desenvolvimento de intervenções nesse distúrbio. O presente trabalho objetiva avaliar as Habilidades Executivas e correlacioná-las ao movimento ocular em crianças e adolescentes com TID. MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas 10 crianças e jovens com TID, com idade média de 11,9 (DP=3,22), pareados por idade e sexo com 10 crianças e jovens com desenvolvimento típico. Avaliou-se a inteligência através do WISC III; as Habilidades Executivas através do Trail Making, Figura Complexa de Rey e Torre de Hanói. As habilidades de rastreamento ocular foram avaliadas através das Tarefas de Sacada Preditiva (SP), Anti-Sacada (AS), Acompanhamento e Rastreamento de Faces. RESULTADOS: Observa-se diferenças significativas de desempenho entre grupos no QI Geral, QI de Execução, no Trail Making parte B, na reprodução de Memória com 3 e 30 minutos da Figura Complexa de Rey e na execução da Torre de Hanói. Observam-se diferenças também nas provas de rastreamento ocular: nos acertos, erros e latência para a Tarefa SP; nos erros seguidos de acerto para a Tarefa AS; no número de sacadas intermediárias para a Tarefa de Acompanhamento e no número de fixações na região dos olhos entre faces com Olhos Presentes e Ocultados no Rastreamento de Faces. Foram também encontradas correlações significativas entre índices de QI, resultados de FE e medidas de movimentos oculares. DISCUSSÃO e CONCLUSÕES: Encontrou-se um perfil de alterações neuropsicológicas nos indivíduos pesquisados que se correlaciona aos padrões de movimento ocular. Esse padrão comum é delineado por uma falta de regulação da atenção voluntária, dificuldade em inibir um comportamento e direcioná-lo ao objetivo proposto na tarefa, alteração no planejamento de ação, dificuldade para iniciação de resposta, dificuldade na flexibilidade cognitiva; e habilidade de visuo-construção preservada. As alterações em habilidades executivas refletem nas relações sociais do indivíduo com o meio e com outras pessoas. A determinação desse perfil de dificuldades pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de intervenções mais eficazes para essa população.
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Ballion, Tatiana. "Physiological Reactions to Uncanny Stimuli: Substantiation of Self-Assessment and Individual Perception." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5111.
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There is abundant anecdotal evidence substantiating Mori's initial observation of the "uncanny valley", a point at which human response to non-human entities drops sharply with respect to comfort (Mori, 1970), and the construct itself has a long-standing history in both Robotics and Psychology. Currently, many fields such as design, training, entertainment, and education make use of heuristic approaches to accommodate the anticipated needs of the user/consumer/audience in certain important aspects. This is due to the lack of empirical substantiation or, in some cases, the impossibility of rigorous quantification; one such area is with respect to the user's experience of uncanniness, a feeling of "eeriness" or "wrongness" when interacting with artefacts or environments. Uncanniness, however, continues to be defined and measured in a largely subjective way, and often after the fact; an experience or product's uncanny features are pointed out after the item has been markedly avoided or complained about by the general public. These studies are among the first seeking to determine a constellation of personality traits and physiological responses that incline the user to have a more frequent or profound “uncanny" reaction when presented with stimuli meeting the criteria for a level of "eeriness". In study 1, 395 adults were asked to categorize 200 images as uncanny, neutral, pleasant, or other. In Study 2, physiological and eye-tracking data was collected from twenty two adults as they viewed uncanny, neutral and pleasant images culled from study 1. This research identifies components of the uncanny valley related to subjective assessment, personality factors (using the HEXACO and Anthropomorphic Tendencies Scale), and biophysical measures, and found that traits unique to Emotionality on the HEXACO inventory, compounded with a form of anthropomorphism demonstrates a level of relationship to the subjective experience of uncanny stimuli. There is evidence that HEXACO type and forms of anthropomorphic perception mediates the biophysical expression and the subjective perception of the stimuli. In keeping with psychological hypotheses, stimuli to which the participants had greatest response centered on death, the threat of death, or mismatched/absent facial features.ID: 031001349; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: .; Title from PDF title page (viewed April 19, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-217).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology; Human Factors Psychology
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Gan, Hock Chye. "Using multi-modal bio-digital technologies to support the assessment of cognitive abilities of children with physical and neurological impairments." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/15749.
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Current studies done using a learning test for children have problems as they only make evaluations of Physically and Neurologically Impaired (PNI) children who can succeed in the test and can be considered as a PASS/FAIL test. This pilot study takes a holistic view of cognitive testing of PNI children using a user-test-device triad model and provides a framework using non-PNI children and adults as controls. Comparisons using adapted off-the-shelf novel interfaces to the computer, in particular, an Electroencephalograph (EEG) head-set, an eye-tracker and a head-tracker and a common mouse were carried out. In addition, two novel multi-modal technologies were developed based on the use of brain-waves and eye-tracking as well as head-tracking technologies to support the study. The devices were used on three tests with increasing cognitive complexity. A self-developed measure based on success streaks (consecutive outcomes) was introduced to improve evaluations of PNI children. A theoretical model regarding a fit of ability to devices was initially setup and finally modified to fit the view of the empirical model that emerged from the outcomes of the study. Results suggest that while multi-modal technologies can address weaknesses of the individual component modes, a compromise is made between the user’s ability for multi-tasking between the modes and the benefits of a multi-modal device but the sample size is very small. Results also show children failing a test with a mouse but passing it subsequently when direct communication is used suggesting that a device can affect a test for children who are of a developing age. This study provides a framework for a more meaningful conversation between educational psychologists as well as other professionals and PNI parents because it provides more discrimination of outcomes in cognitive tests for PNI children. The framework provides a vehicle that addresses scientifically the concerns of parents and schools.
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Merriman, Carolyn. "Head, Eyes, Ear, Nose & Throat Exam (HEENT)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8526.
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Juan, Ripoll Carla de. "Virtual reality environments for the study of decision-making processes in risky contexts through the use of physiological measures and behavioural responses." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171236.
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Tesis por compendio[ES] Comprender el comportamiento humano en situaciones de riesgo, cómo los factores individuales y externos influyen en nuestras decisiones y en qué medida es posible influir y modificar nuestros comportamientos, constituye un desafío tanto para los científicos como para la sociedad en general. Desde la perspectiva de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SST), así como en numerosos campos como la sociología y las finanzas, este tema tiene importantes implicaciones ya que las situaciones de riesgo son un aspecto común en diversos ámbitos de nuestra vida. La toma de riesgos (TR) es parte del proceso de toma de decisiones en situaciones de incertidumbre, en las que se conoce de antemano la probabilidad de cada consecuencia positiva o negativa. Si bien el concepto de la TR está bien definido en la literatura, se ha abordado desde diferentes perspectivas, por lo que los factores que se han propuesto para explicar o moderar la TR también son muy diversos. Centrándonos en los factores individuales (procesos cognitivos y emocionales) que influyen en la TR, estos pueden afectar la forma en que se abordan las situaciones peligrosas de dos maneras diferentes. En primer lugar, pueden sesgar la percepción de una situación, de modo que no se lleve a cabo una evaluación adecuada y por tanto esto lleve a conductas sesgadas. En segundo lugar, estos factores configuran una cierta propensión general al riesgo en los seres humanos, de modo que pueden o no sentirse atraídos por situaciones potencialmente peligrosas. De la misma manera que la definición de la TR se ha abordado desde diferentes perspectivas, su evaluación también se ha tratado desde diferentes puntos de vista y constituye hoy en día un desafío para investigadores y profesionales, por lo que no se ha encontrado un consenso claro en cuanto a la existencia de una medida validada para la TR. La evaluación de la TR se ha realizado tradicionalmente mediante cuestionarios; sin embargo, se ha demostrado que estas medidas presentan diversas limitaciones que pueden conducir a resultados alterados. Las tareas comportamentales surgen como una solución alternativa capaz de superar algunas de estas barreras. En cambio, su capacidad de transferencia a situaciones de la vida real parece ser limitada. La realidad virtual (RV) permite recrear situaciones reales simuladas para realizar evaluaciones basadas en el desempeño. La RV presenta numerosas ventajas que pueden aportar beneficios para la evaluación de los comportamientos humanos, ya que aporta una mayor inmersión, fidelidad y un mayor nivel de implicación que los métodos de evaluación tradicionales, y numerosos trabajos en el campo de la psicología aplicada y la neurociencia organizacional han avalado su uso para evaluación humana. En esta investigación, proponemos la RV como tecnología capaz de facilitar el estudio de los procesos de la TR, aprovechando sus numerosas posibilidades, que se pueden resumir como: simulación de situaciones de riesgo realistas, interacciones naturales con el entorno virtual, inclusión de medidas implícitas para evaluación oculta y medición fisiológica en tiempo real. Esta tesis proporciona aportaciones a la definición de la TR, particularmente en la identificación de qué factores constituyen este complejo proceso. Además, investiga el uso de la RV inmersiva en la investigación del comportamiento humano, específicamente para la evaluación de la TR, proporcionando premisas de diseño de entornos virtuales para la evaluación de los constructos psicológicos identificados como determinantes para definir la TR. Finalmente, analiza la validez de la RV en combinación con medidas fisiológicas para la evaluación de la TR de forma implícita.
[CA] Comprendre el comportament humà en situacions de risc, com els factors individuals i externs influeixen en les nostres decisions i en quina mesura és possible influir i modificar els nostres comportaments, constitueix un desafiament tant per als científics com per a la societat en general. Des de la perspectiva de la Seguretat i Salut en el Treball (SST), així com en nombrosos camps com la sociologia i les finances, aquest tema té importants implicacions ja que les situacions de risc són un aspecte comú en diversos àmbits de la nostra vida. La presa de riscos (PR) és part del procés de presa de decisions en situacions d'incertesa, en les quals es coneix per endavant la probabilitat de cada conseqüència positiva o negativa. Si bé el concepte de la PR està ben definit en la literatura, s'ha abordat des de diferents perspectives, per la qual cosa els factors que s'han proposat per a explicar o moderar la PR també són molt diversos. Centrant-nos en els factors individuals (processos cognitius i emocionals) que influeixen en la PR, aquests poden afectar la forma en què s'aborden les situacions perilloses de dues maneres diferents. En primer lloc, poden esbiaixar la percepció d'una situació, de manera que no es duga a terme una avaluació adequada i per tant això porte a conductes esbiaixades. En segon lloc, aquests factors configuren una certa propensió general al risc en els éssers humans, de manera que poden o no sentir-se atrets per situacions potencialment perilloses. De la mateixa manera que la definició de la PR s'ha abordat des de diferents perspectives, la seua avaluació també s'ha tractat des de diferents punts de vista i constitueix hui dia un desafiament per a investigadors i professionals, per la qual cosa no s'ha trobat un consens clar quant a l'existència d'una mesura validada per a la PR. L'avaluació de la PR s'ha realitzat tradicionalment mitjançant qüestionaris; no obstant això, s'ha demostrat que aquestes mesures presenten diverses limitacions que poden conduir a resultats alterats. Les tasques comportamentals sorgeixen com una solució alternativa capaç de superar algunes d'aquestes barreres. En canvi, la seua capacitat de transferència a situacions de la vida real sembla ser limitada. La realitat virtual (RV) permet recrear situacions reals simulades per a realitzar avaluacions basades en l'acompliment. La RV presenta nombrosos avantatges que poden aportar beneficis per a l'avaluació dels comportaments humans, ja que aporta una major immersió, fidelitat i un major nivell d'implicació que els mètodes d'avaluació tradicionals, i nombrosos treballs en el camp de la psicologia aplicada i la neurociència organitzacional han avalat el seu ús per a avaluació humana. En aquesta investigació, proposem la RV com a tecnologia capaç de facilitar l'estudi dels processos de la PR, aprofitant les seues nombroses possibilitats, que es poden resumir com: simulació de situacions de risc realistes, interaccions naturals amb l'entorn virtual, inclusió de mesures implícites per a avaluació oculta i mesurament fisiològic en temps real. Aquesta tesi proporciona aportacions a la definició de la PR, particularment en la identificació de quins factors constitueixen aquest complex procés. A més, investiga l'ús de la RV immersiva en la investigació del comportament humà, específicament per a l'avaluació de la PR, proporcionant premisses de disseny d'entorns virtuals per a l'avaluació dels constructes psicològics identificats com a determinants per a definir la PR. Finalment, analitza la validesa de la RV en combinació amb mesures fisiològiques per a l'avaluació de la PR de manera implícita.
[EN] Understanding human behaviour in risk situations, how individual and external factors influence our decisions and to what extent it is possible to influence and modify our behaviours, constitutes a challenge both for scientists and for society in general. From the perspective of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH), as well as in numerous fields such as sociology of finance, this topic has important implications since risk situations are a common aspect in various domains of our lives. Risk taking (RT) is part of the decision-making process in uncertain situations, in which the probability of each positive or negative consequence is known in advance. Although the concept of RT is well defined in the literature, it has been approached from different perspectives, so that the factors that have been proposed to explain or moderate RT are also very diverse. Focusing on the individual factors - cognitive and emotional processes - that influence RT, these may affect how hazardous situations are addressed in two different ways. First, they can skew the perception of a situation, so that an adequate evaluation is not carried out and therefore this leads to biased behaviors. Second, these factors shape a certain general propensity towards risk in humans, so that they may or may not be attracted to potentially dangerous situations. In the same way that the definition of RT has been approached from different perspectives, the evaluation of RT has also been treated from different points of view and nowadays constitutes a challenge for researchers and practitioners, so that a clear consensus has not been found regarding the existence of a validated measure for RT. RT evaluation has traditionally been carried out using questionnaires; however, it has been demonstrated that these measures present various limitations that can lead to altered results. Behavioural tasks emerge as an alternative solution capable of overcoming some of these boundaries. Instead, their ability to transference to real life situations appears to be limited. Virtual reality (VR) enables recreating real-simulated situations to carry out performance-based assessments. VR presents numerous advantages that can provide benefits for the evaluation of human behaviours, since it provides greater immersion, fidelity and a higher level of involvement than traditional evaluation methods, and numerous works in the field of applied psychology and organizational neuroscience have endorsed its use for human assessment. In this investigation, we propose VR as technology capable of facilitating the study of RT processes, taking advantage of its numerous possibilities, which can be resumed as: simulation of realistic risk situations, natural interactions with the virtual environment, inclusion of implicit measures for stealth assessment and physiological real-time measurement. This thesis provides novel contributions to the definition of RT, particularly in the identification of which factors constitute this complex process. Moreover, it investigates the use of immersive VR in human behaviour research, specifically for RT assessment, providing design premises of virtual environments for the evaluation of the psychological constructs identified as determinants to define RT. Finally, it analyses the validity of VR in combination with physiological measures for the evaluation of RT in an implicit way.
Contrato predoctoral FPI (BES-2017-079857). Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Madrid, Spain).
Juan Ripoll, CD. (2021). Virtual reality environments for the study of decision-making processes in risky contexts through the use of physiological measures and behavioural responses [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171236
TESIS
Compendio
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Wheeler, Geoffrey M. "An Evaluation of the Use of Eye Gaze to Measure Preference for Individuals with Multiple Disabilities." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250703534.
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Deahl, Claire C. "Laying Second Eyes: A Qualitative Assessment of Pediatric Tele-Specialty Programs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707375/.
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This study aimed to create a holistic understanding of the physician experience in relation to telemedicine. This study examined a Tele-NICU and a Tele-ER program at a large metropolitan pediatric specialty hospital with a Level IV NICU that provides telemedicine consults to 16 remote sites across Texas. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted with physicians and nurses at remote hospitals, physicians who provide consultations from the pediatric specialty hospital, and managers of the tele-specialty programs. These interviews were coded using the consolidated framework for implementation science to contextualize program strengths and weaknesses and reviewed to make recommendations for future program development. Remote site participants reported that the programs are useful when they are in need a second opinion and providing reassurance to patient's families. Barriers to program use include issues with the tele-carts, insurance acceptance, and hesitation to request a consult. Study findings demonstrate the need to treat each tele-specialty programs as independent to suit the differing needs of both remote sites and the consulting physicians. This study demonstrates the importance of understanding physician's perspectives, culture, and the role of hospital settings in telemedicine program acceptance and refutes telemedicine as a monolithic solution to limited healthcare access.
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Vey, Lynette Daphne, and n/e. "Enhancing the realationship between learning and assessment." University of Canberra. Education & Community Studies, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060804.112632.
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This study is an investigation of the relationship between assessment and learning in
education, and specifically, in the context of Australian secondary students studying
English. The purpose of this research is to contribute to change in the way assessment
of learning is conducted in view of the shift of educational values from content based
towards a more goal-orientated process. Therefore, we begin this study with the
premise that educational values should not only inform assessment in terms of
outcomes and accountability as specified in national guidelines. They should also
support a pedagogic process which helps to develop in students a heightened sense of
the value of their own contributions to the community, academic and otherwise.
The intellectual context of this study begins with an overview of most prominent
educational theories. We illustrate John Deweys view that education should not only
prepare one for life, but should also be an integral part of life itself. Dewey insisted
that education was based in experience and that educational institutions should
therefore honour and build on students� experiences. Piaget believed that children are
quite sophisticated, active thinkers and theorists. Vygotsky saw all learning,
knowledge, and experience had a social basis. Together these three theorists
emphasize the active role of students as individuals (Dewey and Piaget) or a group
(Vygotsky). Further, as societys values shift from the Industrial Age to an
Information Age, there is a growing expectation for individuals to be active and
informed citizens, with the ability to exercise judgment and the capacity to make
sense of their world. In response to these issues, we conclude that the teaching and
assessment processes must support these kinds of requirements.
We examine literature related to learning theories and assessment with the objective
of ascertaining and illustrating aspects which they share and which, in our view,
hamper the development of learning environments enabling exploratory and critical
learning. We argue that when assessment criteria predetermine the learning
outcomes, this results in teaching models where students learning needs are also
predetermined. This process alienates students from their sociocultural context which
shapes them and from which they derive their identify and the sense of their own
value. Consequently, students become an object of pedagogic tools, rather than
rightful participants in the lives of their various communities.
Against the background of these reflections, we set out in this study to investigate
how learning and assessment can be linked together. To this end, we develop the
concept of an Exploratory Learning Environment. In order to articulate the
framework of such an environment, we draw on a number of principals generally
associated with humanist/constructivist/postmodern approaches to learning and
assessment. In the course of this work we argue that students ways of knowing, and
how they learn, cannot be divorced from their individual, and yet socially
(interactively) constructed (negotiated), cultural experiences (terms of reference). The
philosophy of the Exploratory Learning Environment can be described as promoting
engagement and construction, thus supporting learning through experience, inquiry,experimentation and critical reflection.
Consequently, in the Exploratory Learning Environment we seek to integrate
pedagogic task construction and students expectations. To this end, we concentrate
our research on strategies, or tools, enhancing students critical forms of engagement
in their community. We aim for the academic knowledge, which they construct as a
result, not to serve arbitrarily constructed performance indicators, but the students
themselves and the community which they engage. Regarding assessment, our
objective is to ascertain the diversity of conflict-generating concerns which students
take into account in order to motivate the kinds of socially responsible solutions that
they create and, as a result, the kinds of relationships which they want to establish.
This approach to assessment allows us to focus students learning on developing
critical thinking skills whose validation comes from students own evaluation, rather
than from an abstract source of authority.
This arrangement of creating learning environments rich in tools enhancing students
critical forms of engagement we carry out using two classes of Year 10 and one class
of Year 8 students in two secondary schools. Results from the study demonstrate
significant advantages that can be gained when assessment is not limited to the
measure of a product, but is based in pedagogy enabling critical negotiation. For
example, students developed a sense of ownership of their learning task, felt
motivated to explore conflicting issues, and, interestingly, valued the assessment
process and looked forward to learning about the quality of their performance.
In summary, the theoretical reflections conducted in this study and the experiment
conducted within the Exploratory Learning Environment model, together, provide
valuable and reliable evidence supporting the need for a critical evaluation of the
currently existing relationship between teaching and assessment. Further, this thesis
offers examples of solutions in which this link can be fostered. It demonstrates that,
when students are empowered to learn by critically linking academic and other forms
of knowledge residing in their community, the assessment process become a
meaningful tool to them and they become involved in their assessment.
At the same time, teachers learn to reduce the grip they hold on the learning and
assessment processes. They do so by adopting the role of a facilitator of the students
negotiation process. This is very different from the traditional teaching practices
where the learning process is restricted, rather than enhanced, by assessment.
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Tsoka, Maxton. "Three eyes on Malawi poverty : a comparison of quantitative and subjective wellbeing assessments." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2073/.
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This dissertation aims at improving the official measurement of wellbeing in Malawi by proposing the incorporation of popular understanding of wellbeing. The objective is to reduce targeting errors that come due to differences in the understanding of wellbeing and poverty between those that identify the poor (villagers) and those who evaluate the quality of the targeting (experts). The dissertation compares the official measure of household wellbeing (consumption expenditure) against subjective measures of wellbeing (self and peers assessments) that are applied on the same households at the same time. Four comparisons are made; household rankings, poverty rates, households determined as poor, and characteristics of poor households. The comparisons determine similarities and differences and, where different, whether the characteristics unique to subjective assessments can be incorporated in the official wellbeing assessment. The dissertation finds that the three assessments are not similar, although there are some overlaps. The ranking of the households based on consumption expenditure is significantly different from that based on peers-assessment. Likewise, poverty rates for three assessments are different. While some households identified as poor are the same, these are less than discordant households. In terms of characteristics, some are common in all the three assessments while some features associated with subjective assessments are absent in the official wellbeing assessment system. An assessment of the absent features shows that it is possible to improve the official assessment without radical changes. Modifications can be made in data collection and analysis, and wellbeing profiling. In particular, qualitative aspects of wellbeing like type and frequency of meals, food security, quality and quantity of clothing would improve the relevance of the operational definition of poverty. Likewise, wellbeing profiling that includes subjective wellbeing assessment is likely to resonate with what is on the ground.
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Neagle, Nick. "An assessment of the natural significance of the crown estate of north-western Eyre Peninsula /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arn338.pdf.
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Roy, Anuja. "Attitude, Perceptions and Development of edTPA as an assessment process among ECE senior cohort students." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1574417390691589.
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Fyfe, Ralph. "Palaeochannels of the Exe catchment : their age and an assessment of their archaeological and palaeoenvironmental potential." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324028.
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Walters, David. "One vision, many eyes : a social constructivist approach to embedding formative assessment and evaluation in a secondary school." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/82940.
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The theoretical framework for this empirical study extends a trail of thinking from a social constructivist view of learning to the areas of assessment, evaluation and leadership. The relationship between social constructivist learning principles, formative approaches to assessment and evaluation, and collaborative leadership styles is explored and discussed. Learning and teaching developments in secondary schools have often fragmented the intrinsic elements of learning, teaching, assessment, evaluation and leadership. As Palmer (2007) so aptly puts it: ‘…we think the world apart.’ (p. 64). This study seeks to ‘think education together’ by taking a more integrated perspective. The aims of this study were to add to the body of knowledge in the area of assessment and evaluation through the adoption of the aforementioned integrated perspective, develop formative assessment and evaluation policies and practices in a secondary school to the extent that they are embedded in the school’s working culture and paradigm, and finally to chart the means by which change has been achieved. The research is argued to be located in the critical paradigm, adopts an action research methodology in which the researcher assumes a participatory, practitioner researcher role in conducting an ethnographic case study of a secondary school. A social constructivist theme was retained throughout the research design and although both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered, the study was conducted within an interpretative framework informed by symbolic interactionism. Data were gathered via a multi-method approach that included focus groups and semi-structured interviews, observation and accompanying field notes, document and classroom artefact analysis, and non-inferential statistics. Focus groups were used to check data sources, confirm interpretations, develop and disseminate new ideas and approaches, and refine developments based on feedback received. This process was informed by Gladwell’s (2000) notion of ideas taking on the qualities of viruses which in turn develop into epidemics. Participants’ early reluctance to accept a need to change was overcome through an initial ‘internal’ audit of current policy and practice relating to learning, teaching, assessment and evaluation, the results of which confirmed the ‘external’ judgements made by OfSTED and the Local Authority (LA) in terms of the need for the school to develop formative approaches to assessment and evaluation. A purposively selected assessment and evaluation focus group showed a commitment to formative ways of working, and was instrumental in defining and refining new policies for assessment and evaluation in collaboration with other focus groups, non-focus group colleagues, pupils and parents. Additional focus groups for pupil behavioural aspects and mentoring were embraced by the research rather than discouraged in order to retain an integrated ‘real world’ perspective. The aims of the study are shown to have been met in that new formative ways of working are now embedded in assessment policy and practice and the researcher has developed a new approach to whole school leadership. This study proposes a new way of thinking that embraces paradox rather than preserving divisions. Moreover, it argues a case for transformative education being reliant on taking this stance. The study also presents a picture of leadership and research based on co-existence and proposes a new ‘Stenhousian’ philosophy where research becomes the basis for leadership.