Academic literature on the topic 'Eye dimensions'

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Journal articles on the topic "Eye dimensions"

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Matsumoto, David. "The Psychological Dimensions of Context." Acta de Investigación Psicológica 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2012): 611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2012.2.177.

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Psychologists acknowledge the powerful influence of context on behavior, and have attempted to identify the dimensions underlying context. Previous work, however, has focused mainly on either relationships or specific situations. In this study we explore the psychological dimensions underlying a wide range of contexts varying in physical locations and the presence or absence of others. Four dimensions emerged, and they were used as a basis to differentiate contexts from each other. One – being in the public eye with the potential to be judged – was the most important dimension that differentiated among contexts. This finding is commensurate with recent empirical work demonstrating unique human abilities in cognition (Tomasello, 1999) and previous theoretical works concerning impression management and the presentation of self in social contexts (Goffman, 1959). We suggest that this dimension is the elemental meaning unit ascribed to contexts by human cultures.
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Lu, Heng, Adam Sokolow, Daniel P. Kiehart, and Glenn S. Edwards. "Quantifying dorsal closure in three dimensions." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 25 (December 15, 2016): 3948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0400.

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Dorsal closure is an essential stage of Drosophila embryogenesis and is a powerful model system for morphogenesis, wound healing, and tissue biomechanics. During closure, two flanks of lateral epidermis close an eye-shaped dorsal opening that is filled with amnioserosa. The two flanks of lateral epidermis are zipped together at each canthus (“corner” of the eye). Actomyosin-rich purse strings are localized at each of the two leading edges of lateral epidermis (“lids” of the eye). Here we report that each purse string indents the dorsal surface at each leading edge. The amnioserosa tissue bulges outward during the early-to-mid stages of closure to form a remarkably smooth, asymmetric dome indicative of an isotropic and uniform surface tension. Internal pressure of the embryo and tissue elastic properties help to shape the dorsal surface.
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Misslisch, H., D. Tweed, M. Fetter, J. Dichgans, and T. Vilis. "Interaction of smooth pursuit and the vestibuloocular reflex in three dimensions." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 2520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.6.2520.

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1. What is the neural mechanism of vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) cancellation when a subject fixates a target moving with the head? One theory is that the moving target evokes pursuit eye movements that add to and cancel the VOR. A recent finding with implications for this theory is that eye velocity vectors of both pursuit and the VOR vary with eye position, but in different ways, because pursuit follows Listing's law whereas the VOR obeys a “half-Listing” strategy. As a result, pursuit cannot exactly cancel the VOR in most eye positions, and so the pursuit superposition theory predicts an eye-position-dependent pattern of residual eye velocities during cancellation. To test these predictions, we measured eye velocity vectors in humans during VOR, pursuit, and cancellation in response to torsional, vertical, and horizontal stimuli with the eyes in different positions. 2. For example, if a subject is rolling clockwise (CW, frequency 0.3 Hz, maximum speed 37.5 deg/s) while looking 20 deg up, the VOR generates an eye velocity that is mainly counterclockwise (CCW), but also leftward. If we then turn on a small target light, located 20 deg up and moving with the subject, then pursuit superposition predicts that the CCW component of eye velocity will shrink and the horizontal component will reverse, from leftward to rightward. This pattern was seen in all subjects. 3. Velocities depended on eye position in the predicted way; e.g., when subjects looked 20 deg down, instead of 20 deg up, during CW roll, the reversal of horizontal eye velocity went the other way, from rightward to leftward. And when gaze was 20 deg right or left, analogous reversals occurred in the vertical eye velocity, again as predicted. 4. Analogous predictions for horizontal and vertical stimulation were also borne out by the data. For example, when subjects rotated rightward while looking 20 deg up, the VOR response was leftward and CCW. When the target light switched on, the torsional component of the response reversed, becoming CW. And analogous predictions for other eye positions and for vertical stimulation also held. 5. For all axes of stimulation and all eye positions, eye velocity during cancellation was roughly parallel with the gaze line. This alignment is predicted by pursuit superposition and has the effect of reducing retinal image slip over the fovea. 6. The fact that the complex dependence of eye velocity on the stimulation axis and eye position predicted by pursuit superposition was seen in all subjects and conditions suggests strongly that the VOR indeed is canceled additively by pursuit. However, eye velocities during cancellation were consistently smaller than predicted. This shrinkage indicates that a second mechanism, besides pursuit superposition, attenuates eye velocities during cancellation. The results can be explained if VOR gain is reduced by approximately 30%, and if, in addition, pursuit is driven by retinal slip rather than reconstructed target velocity in space.
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Tweed, D., and T. Vilis. "Implications of rotational kinematics for the oculomotor system in three dimensions." Journal of Neurophysiology 58, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 832–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.58.4.832.

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1. This paper develops three-dimensional models for the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) and the internal feedback loop of the saccadic system. The models differ qualitatively from previous, one-dimensional versions, because the commutative algebra used in previous models does not apply to the three-dimensional rotations of the eye. 2. The hypothesis that eye position signals are generated by an eye velocity integrator in the indirect path of the VOR must be rejected because in three dimensions the integral of angular velocity does not specify angular position. Computer simulations using eye velocity integrators show large, cumulative gaze errors and post-VOR drift. We describe a simple velocity to position transformation that works in three dimensions. 3. In the feedback control of saccades, eye position error is not the vector difference between actual and desired eye positions. Subtractive feedback models must continuously adjust the axis of rotation throughout a saccade, and they generate meandering, dysmetric gaze saccades. We describe a multiplicative feedback system that solves these problems and generates fixed-axis saccades that accord with Listing's law. 4. We show that Listing's law requires that most saccades have their axes out of Listing's plane. A corollary is that if three pools of short-lead burst neurons code the eye velocity command during saccades, the three pools are not yoked, but function independently during visually triggered saccades. 5. In our three-dimensional models, we represent eye position using four-component rotational operators called quaternions. This is not the only algebraic system for describing rotations, but it is the one that best fits the needs of the oculomotor system, and it yields much simpler models than do rotation matrix or other representations. 6. Quaternion models predict that eye position is represented on four channels in the oculomotor system: three for the vector components of eye position and one inversely related to gaze eccentricity and torsion. 7. Many testable predictions made by quaternion models also turn up in models based on other mathematics. These predictions are therefore more fundamental than the specific models that generate them. Among these predictions are 1) to compute eye position in the indirect path of the VOR, eye or head velocity signals are multiplied by eye position feedback and then integrated; consequently 2) eye position signals and eye or head velocity signals converge on vestibular neurons, and their interaction is multiplicative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Riese, Katrin, Mareike Bayer, Gerhard Lauer, and Annekathrin Schacht. "In the eye of the recipient." Scientific Study of Literature 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ssol.4.2.05rie.

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Plot suspense is one of the most important components of narrative fiction that motivate recipients to follow fictional characters through their worlds. The present study investigates the dynamic development of narrative suspense in excerpts of literary classics from the 19th century in a multi-methodological approach. For two texts, differing in suspense as judged by a large independent sample, we collected (a) data from questionnaires, indicating different affective and cognitive dimensions of receptive engagement, (b) continuous ratings of suspense during text reception from both experts and lay recipients, and (c) registration of pupil diameter as a physiological indicator of changes in emotional arousal and attention during reception. Data analyses confirmed differences between the two texts at different dimensions of receptive engagement and, importantly, revealed significant correlations of pupil diameter and the course of suspense over time. Our findings demonstrate that changes of the pupil diameter provide a reliable ‘online’ indicator of suspense.
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Herman, John. "Reflexive and orienting properties of REM sleep dreaming and eye movements." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 6 (December 2000): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00484025.

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In this manuscript Hobson et al. propose a model exploring qualitative differences between the three states of consciousness, waking, NREM sleep, and REM sleep, in terms of state-related brain activity. The model consists of three factors, each of which varies along a continuum, creating a three-dimensional space: activation (A), information flow (I), and mode of information processing (M). Hobson has described these factors previously (1990; 1992a). Two of the dimensions, activation and modulation, deal directly with subcortical influences upon cortical structures – the reticular activation system, with regard to the activation dimension and the locus coeruleus and the pontine raphe neuclei, with regard to the modulation dimension. The focus of this review is a further exploration of the interaction between dreaming and the cortical and subcortical structures relevant to REM sleep eye movements.[Hobson et al. ]
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Hollis, Anna R., Jonathon J. Dixon, Davide Berlato, Rachel Murray, and Renate Weller. "Computed tomographic dimensions of the normal adult equine eye." Veterinary Ophthalmology 22, no. 5 (February 4, 2019): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vop.12636.

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Goitein, Michael. "The cell’s-eye view: Assessing dose in four dimensions." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 62, no. 4 (July 2005): 951–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.03.054.

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Schnabolk, C., and T. Raphan. "Modeling three-dimensional velocity-to-position transformation in oculomotor control." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.2.623.

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1. A considerable amount of attention has been devoted to understanding the velocity-position transformation that takes place in the control of eye movements in three dimensions. Much of the work has focused on the idea that rotations in three dimensions do not commute and that a "multiplicative quaternion model" of velocity-position integration is necessary to explain eye movements in three dimensions. Our study has indicated that this approach is not consistent with the physiology of the types of signals necessary to rotate the eyes. 2. We developed a three-dimensional dynamical system model for movement of the eye within its surrounding orbital tissue. The main point of the model is that the eye muscles generate torque to rotate the eye. When the eye reaches an orientation such that the restoring torque of the orbital tissue counterbalances the torque applied by the muscles, a unique equilibrium point is reached. The trajectory of the eye to reach equilibrium may follow any path, depending on the starting eye orientation and eye velocity. However, according to Euler's theorem, the equilibrium reached is equivalent to a rotation about a fixed axis through some angle from a primary orientation. This represents the shortest path that the eye could take from the primary orientation in reaching equilibrium. Consequently, it is also the shortest path for returning the eye to the primary orientation. Thus the restoring torque developed by the tissue surrounding the eye was approximated as proportional to the product of this angle and a unit vector along this axis. The relationship between orientation and restoring torque gives a unique torque-orientation relationship. 3. Once the appropriate torque-orientation relationship for eye rotation is established the velocity-position integrator can be modeled as a dynamical system that is a direct extension of the one-dimensional velocity-position integrator. The linear combination of the integrator state and a direct pathway signal is converted to a torque signal that activates the muscles to rotate the eyes. Therefore the output of the integrator is related to a torque signal that positions the eyes. It is not an eye orientation signal. The applied torque signal drives the eye to an equilibrium orientation such that the restoring torque equals the applied torque but in the opposite direction. The eye orientation reached at equilibrium is determined by the unique torque-orientation relation. Because torque signals are vectors, they commute.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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EL Hajji, Muhammad Ali. "Protocol of Job Evaluation: A Bird's Eye View." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 2, no. 1 (January 5, 2012): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v2i1.1248.

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Job evaluation has become one of the most systematic and rational paths for an organization’s fair and equitable wage and salary determination. It has become a reality within an organization’s wage and salary administration. This article tries to investigate the inside concepts, dimensions, premises, and process of job evaluation. It extends to include the universality of job evaluation as a common phenomenon in organizations, particularly large ones. In view of this, this article explores and discusses the variety of ways in which job evaluation is viewed and defined. It also provides a sound understanding of the theoretical / philosophical context of job evaluation. In so doing, the article examines the combination of the conceptual and technical aspects involved in the job evaluation process, which demand good management sense and skill. Keywords: Job evaluation, Dimensions, Jobs comparison, Prerequisites, Relativities, Different views, Elements and Stages, Universality.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eye dimensions"

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Zhao, Li. "An Eye Tracking Investigation of Classification Behavior on a Basic Family of Category Structures." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1564763671842416.

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Squarzoni, Renata. "Biometria ocular e sua relação com sexo, idade, tamanho e peso em cães da raça Cavalier King Charles Spaniel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-18042013-103621/.

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O crescimento e as dimensões das estruturas oculares em cães de diversas raças têm sido objeto de estudo. Sabe-se que quanto mais longilíneo o crânio, maior o comprimento axial do bulbo ocular. O objetivo deste trabalho foi acompanhar o desenvolvimento das dimensões dos componentes oculares (comprimento axial, espessura da lente, profundidade da câmara anterior e da câmara vítrea) e relacionar as medidas com o sexo, a idade, tamanho, medidas do crânio e peso de cães da raça Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, uma raça braquicéfala. Foram realizadas 117 medidas biométricas oculares em cães variando entre 15 dias e 36 meses de idade, não sedados, sentados ou deitados em posição esternal, utilizando-se ultrassonografia modo-B com transdutor microconvexo de 8 MHz. No momento de cada medida ocular os cães foram pesados e as medidas de comprimento, altura, distâncias fronto-occipital, fronto-nasal, bizigomática e circunferência do crânio foram registradas. As estruturas oculares mostraram uma curva de rápido crescimento entre 15 dias e 4 meses de idade e uma curva suave de crescimento até os 12 meses, idade em que cessou o crescimento do cão (altura e comprimento). Os machos apresentaram medidas maiores de altura, comprimento e crânio do que fêmeas, porém não houve diferença significativa entre os parâmetros de biometria ocular de machos e fêmeas. O valor médio de comprimento axial do bulbo para cães adultos (acima de 12 meses) foi de 18,10 ± 0,48 mm, para a espessura da lente, de 7,15 ± 0,16 mm, para profundidade da câmara anterior, de 2,05 ± 0,37 mm e para a profundidade da câmara vítrea, de 8,91 ± 0,30 mm. Não houve diferença entre as medidas dos olhos direito e esquerdo. Os resultados sugerem que a curva de crescimento ocular acompanha a curva de crescimento do cão, fato semelhante ao que ocorre em diferentes espécies estudadas por outros autores. Em cães adultos, não foi observada relação entre as medidas dos componentes oculares e as medidas de altura, comprimento, peso e tamanho do crânio. Foi estabelecida uma tabela de crescimento correlacionando comprimento axial do bulbo e idade do cão com a finalidade de padronizar esses dados para a raça.
Ocular biometry and ocular growth has been studied in dogs of different breeds. It\'s already known that dogs with longer skulls have longer axial length of the eye. This study aimed to evaluate the development of ocular dimensions (axial length of the bulbus, lens thickness, anterior and vitreous chamber depth) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, a braquicephalic breed, and its relationship to age, gender, weight, height and lenght of the dog and dimensions of the head. Ocular dimensions were obtained from 117 measurements between 15 days and 3 years old, in standing nonsedated animals using B-mode ultrasound with an 8 MHz curvilinear probe. At the same time the dogs were weighted and height, length and head dimensions (head circumference, fronto-occipital, fronto-nasal distance and bizigomatic distances) were recorded. The ocular parameters showed a rapid growth curve from 15 days to 4 months and then a slow curve until 12 months, same age that the height and length ceased its growth. Males showed significant higher measurements of height, length and head parameters than females, but no difference in ocular biometry was found between males and females. The mean value for axial lenght for adults (over 12 months) was 18,10 ± 0,48 mm, for lens thickness was 7,15 ± 0,16 mm, for anterior chamber depth was 2,05 ± 0,37 mm and for vitreous chamber depth was 8,91 ± 0,30 mm. There was no significant difference between left and right eyes. Results suggest that eye growth curves accompanies dogs height, length, head size growth curves, what is similar to the data found in different species studied by other authors. There was no relation between eye parameters and dog\'s height, length, head size or weight in adult individuals. A table was established correlating axial length of the bulbus and age to be used as a reference for the breed.
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Klier, Eliana Mira. "Three-dimensional visual-motor geometry of human saccades." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ27359.pdf.

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Thurtell, Matthew James. "Effect of eye position on the three-dimensional kinematics of saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements." Faculty of Medicine, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1665.

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Master of Science in Medicine
Saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements are similar in that their three-dimensional kinematic properties show eye position-dependence. When the line of sight is directed towards an eccentric target, the eye velocity axis tilts in a manner that depends on the instantaneous position of the eye in the head, with the magnitude of tilt also depending on whether the eye movement is saccadic or vestibular-evoked. The mechanism responsible for producing eye velocity axis tilting phenomena is not well understood. Some authorities have suggested that muscle pulleys in the orbit are critical for implementing eye velocity axis tilting, while others have suggested that the cerebellum plays an important role. In the current study, three-dimensional eye and head rotation data were acquired, using the magnetic search coil technique, to confirm the presence of eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilting during saccadic eye movements. Both normal humans and humans with cerebellar atrophy were studied. While the humans with cerebellar atrophy were noted to have abnormalities in the two-dimensional metrics and consistency of their saccadic eye movements, the eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilts were similar to those observed in the normal subjects. A mathematical model of the human saccadic and vestibular systems was utilized to investigate the means by which these eye position-dependent properties may arise for both types of eye movement. The predictions of the saccadic model were compared with the saccadic data obtained in the current study, while the predictions of the vestibular model were compared with vestibular-evoked eye movement data obtained in a previous study. The results from the model simulations suggest that the muscle pulleys are responsible for bringing about eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilting for both saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements, and that these phenomena are not centrally programmed.
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Hudoba, Michelle Jane. "Three-dimensional eye and head movements evoked by passive rotation of cats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/MQ56183.pdf.

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Gill, Helen Marah. "A theoretical three dimensional electromagnetic eye : advances towards the optimisation of electroretinographic signal recovery." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368752.

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Mazure, Ank. "Cell-mediated contraction in three-dimensional collagen matrices in relation to proliferative vitreoretinopathy and wound contraction." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320529.

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Nilsson, Mårten. "Augmenting High-Dimensional Data with Deep Generative Models." Thesis, KTH, Robotik, perception och lärande, RPL, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233969.

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Data augmentation is a technique that can be performed in various ways to improve the training of discriminative models. The recent developments in deep generative models offer new ways of augmenting existing data sets. In this thesis, a framework for augmenting annotated data sets with deep generative models is proposed together with a method for quantitatively evaluating the quality of the generated data sets. Using this framework, two data sets for pupil localization was generated with different generative models, including both well-established models and a novel model proposed for this purpose. The unique model was shown both qualitatively and quantitatively to generate the best data sets. A set of smaller experiments on standard data sets also revealed cases where this generative model could improve the performance of an existing discriminative model. The results indicate that generative models can be used to augment or replace existing data sets when training discriminative models.
Dataaugmentering är en teknik som kan utföras på flera sätt för att förbättra träningen av diskriminativa modeller. De senaste framgångarna inom djupa generativa modeller har öppnat upp nya sätt att augmentera existerande dataset. I detta arbete har ett ramverk för augmentering av annoterade dataset med hjälp av djupa generativa modeller föreslagits. Utöver detta så har en metod för kvantitativ evaulering av kvaliteten hos genererade data set tagits fram. Med hjälp av detta ramverk har två dataset för pupillokalisering genererats med olika generativa modeller. Både väletablerade modeller och en ny modell utvecklad för detta syfte har testats. Den unika modellen visades både kvalitativt och kvantitativt att den genererade de bästa dataseten. Ett antal mindre experiment på standardiserade dataset visade exempel på fall där denna generativa modell kunde förbättra prestandan hos en existerande diskriminativ modell. Resultaten indikerar att generativa modeller kan användas för att augmentera eller ersätta existerande dataset vid träning av diskriminativa modeller.
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Coughlin, Michael J., and n/a. "Calibration of Two Dimensional Saccadic Electro-Oculograms Using Artificial Neural Networks." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030409.110949.

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The electro-oculogram (EOG) is the most widely used technique for recording eye movements in clinical settings. It is inexpensive, practical, and non-invasive. Use of EOG is usually restricted to horizontal recordings as vertical EOG contains eyelid artefact (Oster & Stern, 1980) and blinks. The ability to analyse two dimensional (2D) eye movements may provide additional diagnostic information on pathologies, and further insights into the nature of brain functioning. Simultaneous recording of both horizontal and vertical EOG also introduces other difficulties into calibration of the eye movements, such as different gains in the two signals, and misalignment of electrodes producing crosstalk. These transformations of the signals create problems in relating the two dimensional EOG to actual rotations of the eyes. The application of an artificial neural network (ANN) that could map 2D recordings into 2D eye positions would overcome this problem and improve the utility of EOG. To determine whether ANNs are capable of correctly calibrating the saccadic eye movement data from 2D EOG (i.e. performing the necessary inverse transformation), the ANNs were first tested on data generated from mathematical models of saccadic eye movements. Multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) with non-linear activation functions and trained with back propagation proved to be capable of calibrating simulated EOG data to a mean accuracy of 0.33° of visual angle (SE = 0.01). Linear perceptrons (LPs) were only nearly half as accurate. For five subjects performing a saccadic eye movement task in the upper right quadrant of the visual field, the mean accuracy provided by the MLPs was 1.07° of visual angle (SE = 0.01) for EOG data, and 0.95° of visual angle (SE = 0.03) for infrared limbus reflection (IRIS®) data. MLPs enabled calibration of 2D saccadic EOG to an accuracy not significantly different to that obtained with the infrared limbus tracking data.
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Guster, Ionel Bogdan. "A bird’s-eye view of charge and spin density waves from first principles calculations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667870.

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Aquesta tesi te com a objecte l’estudi de l’estructura electrònica de metalls de baixa dimensionalitat tant en la forma de monocapes com en el bulk. Aquest tipus de metalls sovint presenten inestabilitats electròniques del tipus ona de densitat de càrrega (CDW) o de espí (SDW). La major part dels esquemes teòrics utilitzats per entendre l’origen d’aquestes inestabilitats es basen en la noció de nesting de la superfície de Fermi. Tanmateix, si es considera en detall la informació experimental, en un nombre important dels materials que exhibeixen aquestes inestabilitats no es gens clar que aquest tipus de mecanisme sigui apropiat. L’objecte d’aquest treball es el de reconsiderar críticament aquesta situació, basant-se en el càlcul precís per mètodes de primers principis DFT de la funció de resposta de Lindhard i/o l’estructura de bandes de fonons. Hem estudiat un nombre considerable de materials d’aquest tipus: dicalcogenurs de metalls de transició (TiSe2, TiTe2 i NbSe2), òxids i bronzes ( bronze blau, bronzes monofosfats de tungstè, perovskites laminars AnBnO3n+2, amb B: Nb, Ti, fases de Magnéli com Mo4O11 i Mo8O23), tricalgogenurs (NbS3, NbSe3, TaS3, ZrTe3) i tetracalcogenurs de metalls de transició (TaTe4, (TaSe2)4I), conductors moleculars com les sals de Bechgaard (TMTSF)2X amb X = ClO4, NO3, PF6 ) i compostos intermetàl·lics de terres rares (LaAgSb2). En aquest document exposem en detall els nostres resultats per sis d’aquests materials: TiSe2, TiTe2, NbSe2, els bronzes blaus, les salts de Bechgaard i TaTe4. Com a resultat d’aquest treball hem pogut demostrar que: 1) El mecanisme de formació de CDW a TiSe2, TiTe2, NbSe2 i TaTe4 es degut a una inestabilitat de fonons que no te rés a veure amb el nesting de la superfície de Fermi; 2) fins a sis diferents estructures poden coexistir en l’estat CDW del NbSe2; 3) en el cas del bronze blau, es pot explicar la seva transició de Peierls sobre la base d’un mecanisme basat en un acoblament electrò-fonò feble dins l’aproximació adiabàtica i 4) la funció de resposta de Lindhard de les sals de Bechgaard canvia considerablement amb la temperatura I aquests canvis estan clarament associats amb variacións de la dimensionalitat del gas d’electrons.
This thesis deals with the electronic structure of low dimensional metals in the form of either single layers or bulk. Low dimensional metals often exhibit electronic instabilities like charge or spin density waves. A central role in most of the theoretical approaches to understand these instabilities is played by the notion of Fermi surface nesting. Very often this is considered to be the driving force of these instabilities. Yet a careful examination of the experimental information casts strong doubts about the appropriateness of such notion for a considerable number of these conductors. The object of the present thesis is an appraisal of this situation based on the calculation of the Lidhard response function as well as the phonon band structure for a series of low dimensional conductors based on accurate first-principles DFT calculations. Altogether we have studied from the first principles calculations standpoint the following classes of materials: transition metal dichalcogenides (TiSe2, TiTe2 and NbSe2), oxides (blue bronze, monophosphate tungsten bronzes, layered perovskite-related AnBnO3n+2 niobates and titanates, Magnèli phases Mo4O11 and Mo8O23), transition metal trichalcogenides (NbS3, NbSe3, TaS3, ZrTe3) and tetrachalcogenides (TaTe4, (TaSe2)4I), Bechgaards salts ( (TMTSF)2X with X = ClO4, NO3, PF6) and rare earth intermetallics (LaAgSb2) . In this document we report the results for six of these materials: TiSe2, TiTe2, NbSe2, the potassium blue bronze, the Bechgaard salts and TaTe4. As a result of this work, we have been able to show that: 1) The CDW mechanism in TiSe2, TiTe2, NbSe2 and TaTe4 is a phonon mediated mechanism and completely unrelated to the Fermi surface nesting mechanism; 2) 6 different structure can coexist in the CDW state of NbSe2; 3) in the blue bronze the Peierls transition can be well accounted for by the weak electron-phonon coupling theory in the adiabatic approximation. 4) that in the Bechgaard salts the Lindhard response is found to change considerably with temperature and these changes are clearly associated with dimensional crossovers.
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Books on the topic "Eye dimensions"

1

Shane, Dunne, and Fisher Yale L, eds. Three-dimensional ultrasound tomography of the eye. Eden Mills, Ont: NovaCoast Pub., 1998.

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Enterprises, N. E. Thing, ed. Magic eye III: Visions : a new dimension in art. Kansas City, Mo: Andrews and McMeel, 1994.

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Hammelef, Danielle S. Eye-popping CGI: Computer-generated special effects. North Mankato, Minnesota: Capstone Press, 2015.

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1924-, Harris Joyce, ed. Henry's gift: The magic eye. London: Michael Joseph, 1994.

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ill, Harris Joyce, and Petyhyrycz Bohan ill, eds. Henry's gift: The magic eye. Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel, 1994.

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ill, Hawcock David, ed. On Christmas Eve: A three-dimensional celebration. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1992.

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Mars 3-D: A rover's-eye view of the red planet. New York: Sterling, 2014.

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Bell, Jim. Mars 3-d: A rover's-eye view of the red planet. New York: Sterling Pub., 2008.

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Stewart, Dianne M. Three eyes for the journey: African dimensions of the Jamaican religious experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

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The hallowed eve: Dimensions of culture in a calendar festival in Northern Ireland. Lexington, Ky: University Press of Kentucky, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Eye dimensions"

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Maalej, Zouheir A. "Figurative dimensions of 3ayn ‘eye’ in Tunisian Arabic." In Human Cognitive Processing, 213–40. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hcp.31.15maa.

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Klinghoffer, Arthur Jay. "Turning a Blind Eye." In The International Dimension of Genocide in Rwanda, 41–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230375062_6.

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Schenck, Carlos H. "The Human Dimension of RBD." In Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder, 9–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90152-7_2.

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Schechtman, Marya. "Loving Eyes of My Own: Love, Particularity, and Necessity." In Dimensions of Practical Necessity, 13–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52398-9_2.

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Krause, W., J. Fassl, and F. Wystotzki. "Three-dimensional Orderings, Text Representation, and Eye Fixation." In Eye Movements and Psychological Functions, 275–86. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003165538-22.

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Gay, John. "20. Kpelle Farming through Kpelle Eyes." In The Cultural Dimension of Development, 269–85. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444734.020.

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Schrader, S., L. Liu, K. Kasper, and G. Geerling. "Generation of Two- and Three-Dimensional Lacrimal Gland Constructs." In Research Projects in Dry Eye Syndrome, 49–56. Basel: KARGER, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000315019.

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McHenry, M. Quinn, Bernhard J. M. Hess, and Dora E. Angelaki. "Three-Dimensional Primate Eye Movements during Lateral Translation." In Current Oculomotor Research, 117–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3054-8_16.

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Masters, Barry R. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Confocal Microscopy of the Eye." In Multidimensional Microscopy, 321–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8366-6_18.

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Singer, I. M. "On the Master Field in Two Dimensions." In Functional Analysis on the Eve of the 21st Century, 263–81. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2582-9_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Eye dimensions"

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Tardieu, A., B. Krop, and F. Vérétout. "Protein interactions in concentrated solutions: Functional role in the eye lens." In The living cell in four dimensions. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40575.

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Thomaz, Carlos E., Vagner Amaral, Duncan F. Gillies, and Daniel Rueckert. "Priori-driven dimensions of face-space." In ETRA '16: 2016 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2857491.2857508.

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Lidegaard, Morten, Dan Witzner Hansen, and Norbert Krüger. "Head mounted device for point-of-gaze estimation in three dimensions." In ETRA '14: Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2578153.2578163.

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Kol, Emre. "Dimensions of Health Tourism in Turkey." In 2nd International Conference on Business, Management and Finance. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icbmf.2019.11.767.

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Recently, many people in various countries have preferred private healthcare organizations in Turkey for treatment. The most important reason for this situation is that medical operations performed with modern techniques in source countries are also performed in Turkey and at affordable prices. Because of the low cost, high quality, and technology standards, foreign patients prefer Turkish health institutions in almost every field such as plastic and aesthetic surgery, hair transplantation, eye surgery, in vitro fertilization, open-heart surgery, dermatological diseases, checkups, cancer treatments, otorhinolaryngology, dialysis, cardiovascular surgery, gynecology, neurosurgery, orthopedics, dentistry, spa, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation. The 2013 report of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) states that the number of international patients in Turkey has increased in recent years but is still behind the numbers of patients traveling for treatment purposes around the world. Important achievements, particularly in the fields of transplantation, genetic testing, eye surgery, cardiology, orthopedics, plastic surgery, and dentistry, bring Turkey to the forefront of health tourism. This study emphasizes the economic dimensions of health tourism by discussing the improvement of health tourism in Turkey. Advantages, disadvantages, and future opportunities for health tourism in Turkey are examined in terms of diversification of the country’s tourism, economic dimensions, and alternative tourism opportunities. In this context, the study mentions the notion of health tourism, boosting health tourism around the world and in Turkey, and the place and economic dimension of Turkey within world health tourism.
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Strobl, Klaus H., and Gerd Hirzinger. "More accurate camera and hand-eye calibrations with unknown grid pattern dimensions." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2008.4543398.

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Abdelmessih, Amanie N. "Steady State Temperature Gradients in a Non-Blinking Human Eye Prepared for Surgery." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17482.

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LASER surgery on the human eye is intended to reduce a person’s dependency on glasses or contact lenses. Any type of Laser surgery has heat effects on the eye. In laser surgery specific parts of the eye are exposed to concentrated high heat doses, too high heat at a certain spot results in permanent medical damage to the specific exposed eye cells. Precise temperature monitoring of the live interior of the human eye is not possible with the current technology. Published modeling assumes that the human eyeball is at a constant temperature, mostly at 37 °C. Understanding the exact temperature gradients in the prepared open human eyeball in room temperature before surgery is a first step in better understanding the heat effects of either laser surgery on specific treated spots of the cornea, or the effects of insertion of synthetic lenses in the human eye, or treating the retina with laser. In this article the anatomy of the human eyeball, dimensions, and properties are considered in constructing a finite element steady state thermal model of the normal open human eye for an adult, in preparation for surgery under normal room conditions. Also, room boundary conditions are used. Based on the model, the temperature gradients in the open eye are reported.
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Iskra, Andrej, and Helena Gabrijelčič Tomc. "Analysis of observing and recognition profile facial images using eye tracking system." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p54.

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Facial images have been the subject of research for many years, using the eye-tracking system. However, most researchers concentrate on the frontal view of facial images. Much less research has been done on faces shown at different angles or profile views of faces in facial images. However, as we know, in reality we often view faces from different angles and not just from a frontal view. In our research we used a profile presentation of facial images and analyzed memory and recognition depending on the display time and dimensions of the facial images. Two tests were performed, i.e. the observation and the recognition test, and we used the well-known yes/no detection theory. We used four different display times in the observation test (1, 2, 4 and 8 seconds) and two different dimensions of facial images 640 × 480 and 1280 × 960). All facial images were taken from the standardized face database Minear&Park. We measured the recognition success which is mostly presented as a discrimination index A’, incorrect recognition (FA – false alarm) and time-spatial method based on fixation duration and saccade length. In this case, eye tracking provides us with objective results when viewing facial images. In the results it was found that extending the display time of facial images improves recognition performance and that the dependence is logarithmic. At the same time, wrong recognition decreased. Both parameters are independent of the dimensions of the facial images. This fact has been proven by some other researchers also for frontal facial images. It was also discovered that with an increase of the display time of facial images an increase of the fixation duration and saccade lengths occurred. In all results we detected major changes at the display time of four seconds, which we consider as a time, where the subjects looked at the whole face and their gaze returned to the center of the face (in our case eye and mouth).
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Waldman, Lewis, Crystal Cunanan, Sanjay Asrani, Roy Kerckhoffs, and Andrew McCulloch. "Computational Mechanics of the Sclera and Optic Nerve Head (ONH): Effects of ONH Size and Pressure Range." In ASME 2008 3rd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2008-38051.

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Computational modeling was performed to study how loss of compliance of the eye and abnormally high pressures result in changes in stresses and strains that may impact the optic nerve in diseases such as glaucoma. Hemispherical finite element models of the eye were created in which scleral thickness varied from the equatorial region to the optic nerve head (ONH). Nonhomogeneous material properties were used to model the ONH as a continuous region softer than the adjacent sclera. The ONH and an adjacent buffer zone in the sclera were modeled with enough detail that the size of the ONH could be changed to account for variations observed in humans. The model was provided with appropriate dimensions typical of patients and nonlinear material properties with decreased compliance. Models with different ONH sizes were inflated in small steps to 55 mmHg (7.33 kPa), providing deformed configurations at intermediate pressures of 15, 30 and 45 mmHg, respectively. Color-coded maps of stress and strain components were rendered directly on deformed configurations of the eye model; and animations were produced that show both spatial and temporal variations of stresses and strains as internal pressure increases. Three-dimensional stresses and accompanying finite strains were similar for ONH sizes ranging form 1.5 to 2.5 mm in diameter. Stress and strain differences were estimated as pressure was increased from 15 to 25 mmHg, 30 to 40 mmHg, and 45 to 55 mmHg. Substantial changes occurred in stress and strain differences as the pressure range was varied with large changes occurring in the lowest pressure range for strain components and moderate increases in stress differences as pressures increase.
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Ayyalasomayajula, Avinash, and Jonathan P. Vande Geest. "3D Reconstruction of Scleral Shell Using Three Dimensional Active Contours." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80618.

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There is a general consensus that elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP), due to a reduced outflow of aqueous humor, is a major factor leading to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Studies indicated that the damage of the optic nervehead (ONH), due to the biomechanical environment in and around the lamina cribrosa (LC), could be an important event leading to POAG [Morgan]. Since experimentally testing tissues of such small dimensions is difficult, many researchers resorted to computationally model the biomechincal environment inside the eye [Avatar, Kobayashi, Sigal, Uchio, Xu, Tandon]. It also gives the flexibility to parametrically study and isolate the effects of individual tissues on the IOP and LC. Many of these studies involve stress analysis on a hypothetical geometry (for e.g. spherical or axisymmetric hemisphere) using a variety of constitutive models (for e.g. elastic, biphasic etc) to study the static, and dynamic response of the IOP [Tandon, Sigal].
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Coudrillier, Baptiste, Craig Boote, and Thao D. Nguyen. "Modeling the Effect of the Experimentally-Derived Collagen Structure on the Mechanical Anisotropy of the Human Sclera." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53272.

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The sclera is the main load-bearing structure of the eye. It must be sufficiently stiff to maintain the shape and dimensions of the eye under acute elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). These properties stem from the fiber-reinforced structure of the sclera, which contains dense superimposed lamellae of type I collagen fibrils embedded in matrix of proteoglycans and elastin. Recently, wide-angle X-ray diffraction [1] (WAXS) was used to map the fibrillar arrangement and distribution of collagen over posterior human sclera [2]. The results showed that the peripapillary region, immediately adjacent to the optic nerve head (ONH) had a larger amount of collagen and a circumferential collagen structure. The collagen structure in the mid-posterior region was more heterogeneous. The collagen structure of the sclera directly influences its material stiffness properties and therefore the level of strain transmitted to the tissues of the optic nerve head, which is the primary site of damage in glaucoma. Models inspired from the microstructure are needed to evaluate the contribution of the collagen structure on the mechanical properties. Earlier modeling efforts have treated the sclera as a homogenous, isotropic, linear elastic [3] or hyperelastic material [4, 5]. Girard et al. recently added the effect of the collagen structure using a nonlinear anisotropic model [6]. The authors fit their model for the collagen orientation and distribution to mechanical inflation data of the posterior sclera.
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Reports on the topic "Eye dimensions"

1

Chun, Kee S. Mathematical Methods of Three-Dimensional Eye Rotations Based Upon Spacecraft Dynamics Notation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada361385.

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Dutra, Lauren M., James Nonnemaker, Nathaniel Taylor, Ashley Feld, Brian Bradfield, John Holloway, Edward (Chip) Hill, and Annice Kim. Visual Attention to Tobacco-Related Stimuli in a 3D Virtual Store. RTI Press, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0036.2005.

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We used eye tracking to measure visual attention to tobacco products and pro- and anti-tobacco advertisements (pro-ads and anti-ads) during a shopping task in a three-dimensional virtual convenience store. We used eye-tracking hardware to track the percentage of fixations (number of times the eye was essentially stationary; F) and dwell time (time spent looking at an object; DT) for several categories of objects and ads for 30 adult current cigarette smokers. We used Wald F-tests to compare fixations and dwell time across categories, adjusting comparisons of ads by the number of each type of ad. Overall, unadjusted for the number of each object, participants focused significantly greater attention on snacks and drinks and tobacco products than ads (all P<0.005). Adjusting for the number of each type of ad viewed, participants devoted significantly greater visual attention to pro-ads than anti-ads or ads unrelated to tobacco (P<0.001). Visual attention for anti-ads was significantly greater when the ads were placed on the store’s external walls or hung from the ceiling than when placed on the gas pump or floor (P<0.005). In a cluttered convenience store environment, anti-ads at the point of sale have to compete with many other stimuli. Restrictions on tobacco product displays and advertisements at the point of sale could reduce the stimuli that attract smokers’ attention away from anti-ads.
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Rodríguez, Érika. América Latina: competencia geopolítica, regionalismo y multilateralismo. Fundación Carolina, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dt53.

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El sistema internacional se encuentra en un momento histórico de cambio y reacomodación. La tendencia global parece mostrar que el futuro cercano estará marcado por la confrontación de grandes potencias, aun conectadas a través de una compleja red de vínculos comerciales, tecnológicos y sociales. A su vez, los demás actores, constituidos en grandes bloques regionales, buscarán consolidar su autonomía para actuar de forma independiente, según sus intereses particulares. Ante ese panorama, y con las terribles consecuencias de la pandemia y de sus déficits estructurales, América Latina enfrenta grandes dificultades para encontrar su espacio en el nuevo orden. La región se encuentra, además, en una grave crisis de sus modelos de regionalismo. La fragmentación y la polarización debilitan las opciones para abordar los desafíos conjuntos y para diseñar un proceso regional de “autonomía estratégica”. Este documento comienza con un examen sobre el contexto geopolítico de transición para dar paso al análisis de la región en varias dimensiones: en primer lugar, de su regionalismo y, en segundo lugar, de sus relaciones con China, EE.UU., Europa y otros países relevantes. La tercera parte presenta la postura latinoamericana frente a los principales desafíos globales y se pregunta por su capacidad para afrontarlos.
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