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Zhao, Li. "An Eye Tracking Investigation of Classification Behavior on a Basic Family of Category Structures." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1564763671842416.
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Squarzoni, Renata. "Biometria ocular e sua relação com sexo, idade, tamanho e peso em cães da raça Cavalier King Charles Spaniel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-18042013-103621/.
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O crescimento e as dimensões das estruturas oculares em cães de diversas raças têm sido objeto de estudo. Sabe-se que quanto mais longilíneo o crânio, maior o comprimento axial do bulbo ocular. O objetivo deste trabalho foi acompanhar o desenvolvimento das dimensões dos componentes oculares (comprimento axial, espessura da lente, profundidade da câmara anterior e da câmara vítrea) e relacionar as medidas com o sexo, a idade, tamanho, medidas do crânio e peso de cães da raça Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, uma raça braquicéfala. Foram realizadas 117 medidas biométricas oculares em cães variando entre 15 dias e 36 meses de idade, não sedados, sentados ou deitados em posição esternal, utilizando-se ultrassonografia modo-B com transdutor microconvexo de 8 MHz. No momento de cada medida ocular os cães foram pesados e as medidas de comprimento, altura, distâncias fronto-occipital, fronto-nasal, bizigomática e circunferência do crânio foram registradas. As estruturas oculares mostraram uma curva de rápido crescimento entre 15 dias e 4 meses de idade e uma curva suave de crescimento até os 12 meses, idade em que cessou o crescimento do cão (altura e comprimento). Os machos apresentaram medidas maiores de altura, comprimento e crânio do que fêmeas, porém não houve diferença significativa entre os parâmetros de biometria ocular de machos e fêmeas. O valor médio de comprimento axial do bulbo para cães adultos (acima de 12 meses) foi de 18,10 ± 0,48 mm, para a espessura da lente, de 7,15 ± 0,16 mm, para profundidade da câmara anterior, de 2,05 ± 0,37 mm e para a profundidade da câmara vítrea, de 8,91 ± 0,30 mm. Não houve diferença entre as medidas dos olhos direito e esquerdo. Os resultados sugerem que a curva de crescimento ocular acompanha a curva de crescimento do cão, fato semelhante ao que ocorre em diferentes espécies estudadas por outros autores. Em cães adultos, não foi observada relação entre as medidas dos componentes oculares e as medidas de altura, comprimento, peso e tamanho do crânio. Foi estabelecida uma tabela de crescimento correlacionando comprimento axial do bulbo e idade do cão com a finalidade de padronizar esses dados para a raça.Ocular biometry and ocular growth has been studied in dogs of different breeds. It\'s already known that dogs with longer skulls have longer axial length of the eye. This study aimed to evaluate the development of ocular dimensions (axial length of the bulbus, lens thickness, anterior and vitreous chamber depth) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, a braquicephalic breed, and its relationship to age, gender, weight, height and lenght of the dog and dimensions of the head. Ocular dimensions were obtained from 117 measurements between 15 days and 3 years old, in standing nonsedated animals using B-mode ultrasound with an 8 MHz curvilinear probe. At the same time the dogs were weighted and height, length and head dimensions (head circumference, fronto-occipital, fronto-nasal distance and bizigomatic distances) were recorded. The ocular parameters showed a rapid growth curve from 15 days to 4 months and then a slow curve until 12 months, same age that the height and length ceased its growth. Males showed significant higher measurements of height, length and head parameters than females, but no difference in ocular biometry was found between males and females. The mean value for axial lenght for adults (over 12 months) was 18,10 ± 0,48 mm, for lens thickness was 7,15 ± 0,16 mm, for anterior chamber depth was 2,05 ± 0,37 mm and for vitreous chamber depth was 8,91 ± 0,30 mm. There was no significant difference between left and right eyes. Results suggest that eye growth curves accompanies dogs height, length, head size growth curves, what is similar to the data found in different species studied by other authors. There was no relation between eye parameters and dog\'s height, length, head size or weight in adult individuals. A table was established correlating axial length of the bulbus and age to be used as a reference for the breed.
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Klier, Eliana Mira. "Three-dimensional visual-motor geometry of human saccades." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ27359.pdf.
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Thurtell, Matthew James. "Effect of eye position on the three-dimensional kinematics of saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements." Faculty of Medicine, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1665.
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Master of Science in MedicineSaccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements are similar in that their three-dimensional kinematic properties show eye position-dependence. When the line of sight is directed towards an eccentric target, the eye velocity axis tilts in a manner that depends on the instantaneous position of the eye in the head, with the magnitude of tilt also depending on whether the eye movement is saccadic or vestibular-evoked. The mechanism responsible for producing eye velocity axis tilting phenomena is not well understood. Some authorities have suggested that muscle pulleys in the orbit are critical for implementing eye velocity axis tilting, while others have suggested that the cerebellum plays an important role. In the current study, three-dimensional eye and head rotation data were acquired, using the magnetic search coil technique, to confirm the presence of eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilting during saccadic eye movements. Both normal humans and humans with cerebellar atrophy were studied. While the humans with cerebellar atrophy were noted to have abnormalities in the two-dimensional metrics and consistency of their saccadic eye movements, the eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilts were similar to those observed in the normal subjects. A mathematical model of the human saccadic and vestibular systems was utilized to investigate the means by which these eye position-dependent properties may arise for both types of eye movement. The predictions of the saccadic model were compared with the saccadic data obtained in the current study, while the predictions of the vestibular model were compared with vestibular-evoked eye movement data obtained in a previous study. The results from the model simulations suggest that the muscle pulleys are responsible for bringing about eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilting for both saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements, and that these phenomena are not centrally programmed.
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Hudoba, Michelle Jane. "Three-dimensional eye and head movements evoked by passive rotation of cats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/MQ56183.pdf.
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Gill, Helen Marah. "A theoretical three dimensional electromagnetic eye : advances towards the optimisation of electroretinographic signal recovery." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368752.
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Mazure, Ank. "Cell-mediated contraction in three-dimensional collagen matrices in relation to proliferative vitreoretinopathy and wound contraction." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320529.
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Nilsson, Mårten. "Augmenting High-Dimensional Data with Deep Generative Models." Thesis, KTH, Robotik, perception och lärande, RPL, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233969.
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Data augmentation is a technique that can be performed in various ways to improve the training of discriminative models. The recent developments in deep generative models offer new ways of augmenting existing data sets. In this thesis, a framework for augmenting annotated data sets with deep generative models is proposed together with a method for quantitatively evaluating the quality of the generated data sets. Using this framework, two data sets for pupil localization was generated with different generative models, including both well-established models and a novel model proposed for this purpose. The unique model was shown both qualitatively and quantitatively to generate the best data sets. A set of smaller experiments on standard data sets also revealed cases where this generative model could improve the performance of an existing discriminative model. The results indicate that generative models can be used to augment or replace existing data sets when training discriminative models.Dataaugmentering är en teknik som kan utföras på flera sätt för att förbättra träningen av diskriminativa modeller. De senaste framgångarna inom djupa generativa modeller har öppnat upp nya sätt att augmentera existerande dataset. I detta arbete har ett ramverk för augmentering av annoterade dataset med hjälp av djupa generativa modeller föreslagits. Utöver detta så har en metod för kvantitativ evaulering av kvaliteten hos genererade data set tagits fram. Med hjälp av detta ramverk har två dataset för pupillokalisering genererats med olika generativa modeller. Både väletablerade modeller och en ny modell utvecklad för detta syfte har testats. Den unika modellen visades både kvalitativt och kvantitativt att den genererade de bästa dataseten. Ett antal mindre experiment på standardiserade dataset visade exempel på fall där denna generativa modell kunde förbättra prestandan hos en existerande diskriminativ modell. Resultaten indikerar att generativa modeller kan användas för att augmentera eller ersätta existerande dataset vid träning av diskriminativa modeller.
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Coughlin, Michael J., and n/a. "Calibration of Two Dimensional Saccadic Electro-Oculograms Using Artificial Neural Networks." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030409.110949.
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The electro-oculogram (EOG) is the most widely used technique for recording eye movements in clinical settings. It is inexpensive, practical, and non-invasive. Use of EOG is usually restricted to horizontal recordings as vertical EOG contains eyelid artefact (Oster & Stern, 1980) and blinks. The ability to analyse two dimensional (2D) eye movements may provide additional diagnostic information on pathologies, and further insights into the nature of brain functioning. Simultaneous recording of both horizontal and vertical EOG also introduces other difficulties into calibration of the eye movements, such as different gains in the two signals, and misalignment of electrodes producing crosstalk. These transformations of the signals create problems in relating the two dimensional EOG to actual rotations of the eyes. The application of an artificial neural network (ANN) that could map 2D recordings into 2D eye positions would overcome this problem and improve the utility of EOG. To determine whether ANNs are capable of correctly calibrating the saccadic eye movement data from 2D EOG (i.e. performing the necessary inverse transformation), the ANNs were first tested on data generated from mathematical models of saccadic eye movements. Multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) with non-linear activation functions and trained with back propagation proved to be capable of calibrating simulated EOG data to a mean accuracy of 0.33° of visual angle (SE = 0.01). Linear perceptrons (LPs) were only nearly half as accurate. For five subjects performing a saccadic eye movement task in the upper right quadrant of the visual field, the mean accuracy provided by the MLPs was 1.07° of visual angle (SE = 0.01) for EOG data, and 0.95° of visual angle (SE = 0.03) for infrared limbus reflection (IRIS®) data. MLPs enabled calibration of 2D saccadic EOG to an accuracy not significantly different to that obtained with the infrared limbus tracking data.
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Guster, Ionel Bogdan. "A bird’s-eye view of charge and spin density waves from first principles calculations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667870.
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Aquesta tesi te com a objecte l’estudi de l’estructura electrònica de metalls de baixa dimensionalitat tant en la forma de monocapes com en el bulk. Aquest tipus de metalls sovint presenten inestabilitats electròniques del tipus ona de densitat de càrrega (CDW) o de espí (SDW). La major part dels esquemes teòrics utilitzats per entendre l’origen d’aquestes inestabilitats es basen en la noció de nesting de la superfície de Fermi. Tanmateix, si es considera en detall la informació experimental, en un nombre important dels materials que exhibeixen aquestes inestabilitats no es gens clar que aquest tipus de mecanisme sigui apropiat. L’objecte d’aquest treball es el de reconsiderar críticament aquesta situació, basant-se en el càlcul precís per mètodes de primers principis DFT de la funció de resposta de Lindhard i/o l’estructura de bandes de fonons.
Hem estudiat un nombre considerable de materials d’aquest tipus: dicalcogenurs de metalls de transició (TiSe2, TiTe2 i NbSe2), òxids i bronzes ( bronze blau, bronzes monofosfats de tungstè, perovskites laminars AnBnO3n+2, amb B: Nb, Ti, fases de Magnéli com Mo4O11 i Mo8O23), tricalgogenurs (NbS3, NbSe3, TaS3, ZrTe3) i tetracalcogenurs de metalls de transició (TaTe4, (TaSe2)4I), conductors moleculars com les sals de Bechgaard (TMTSF)2X amb X = ClO4, NO3, PF6 ) i compostos intermetàl·lics de terres rares (LaAgSb2). En aquest document exposem en detall els nostres resultats per sis d’aquests materials: TiSe2, TiTe2, NbSe2, els bronzes blaus, les salts de Bechgaard i TaTe4.
Com a resultat d’aquest treball hem pogut demostrar que: 1) El mecanisme de formació de CDW a TiSe2, TiTe2, NbSe2 i TaTe4 es degut a una inestabilitat de fonons que no te rés a veure amb el nesting de la superfície de Fermi; 2) fins a sis diferents estructures poden coexistir en l’estat CDW del NbSe2; 3) en el cas del bronze blau, es pot explicar la seva transició de Peierls sobre la base d’un mecanisme basat en un acoblament electrò-fonò feble dins l’aproximació adiabàtica i 4) la funció de resposta de Lindhard de les sals de Bechgaard canvia considerablement amb la temperatura I aquests canvis estan clarament associats amb variacións de la dimensionalitat del gas d’electrons.This thesis deals with the electronic structure of low dimensional metals in the form of either single layers or bulk. Low dimensional metals often exhibit electronic instabilities like charge or spin density waves. A central role in most of the theoretical approaches to understand these instabilities is played by the notion of Fermi surface nesting. Very often this is considered to be the driving force of these instabilities. Yet a careful examination of the experimental information casts strong doubts about the appropriateness of such notion for a considerable number of these conductors. The object of the present thesis is an appraisal of this situation based on the calculation of the Lidhard response function as well as the phonon band structure for a series of low dimensional conductors based on accurate first-principles DFT calculations. Altogether we have studied from the first principles calculations standpoint the following classes of materials: transition metal dichalcogenides (TiSe2, TiTe2 and NbSe2), oxides (blue bronze, monophosphate tungsten bronzes, layered perovskite-related AnBnO3n+2 niobates and titanates, Magnèli phases Mo4O11 and Mo8O23), transition metal trichalcogenides (NbS3, NbSe3, TaS3, ZrTe3) and tetrachalcogenides (TaTe4, (TaSe2)4I), Bechgaards salts ( (TMTSF)2X with X = ClO4, NO3, PF6) and rare earth intermetallics (LaAgSb2) . In this document we report the results for six of these materials: TiSe2, TiTe2, NbSe2, the potassium blue bronze, the Bechgaard salts and TaTe4. As a result of this work, we have been able to show that: 1) The CDW mechanism in TiSe2, TiTe2, NbSe2 and TaTe4 is a phonon mediated mechanism and completely unrelated to the Fermi surface nesting mechanism; 2) 6 different structure can coexist in the CDW state of NbSe2; 3) in the blue bronze the Peierls transition can be well accounted for by the weak electron-phonon coupling theory in the adiabatic approximation. 4) that in the Bechgaard salts the Lindhard response is found to change considerably with temperature and these changes are clearly associated with dimensional crossovers.
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Sinkevičiūtė, Marija. "Triušių akių struktūros ypatumai ir jų matmenų ultragarsinis įvertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070420_123912-34405.
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We have realized this work in cooperation with the Laboratory of Ophtalmology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Kaunas Medical University and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian Veterinary Academy. Using A-mode ultrasonography, we investigated structural parameters of the rabbit eye. The intraocular dimensions measured were as follows: distance between the anterior cornea to the anterior lens (CA), Thickness of the lens, distance between the surface of the retina (V), distance from the anterior cornea to the retina, which represents the total axial thickness. We have designed the original investigation methods and ultrasonic equipment with ultrasonic tranducer (f=12 Mhz). Using the acoustodiagnostic system, we were carrying out precise biometry of eye tissues. Ultrasonic investigations were done on 10 eyes of rabbit’s age 12 month. Comparative investigation between rabbits and pigs eye structural elements was done. The percentage relation between total axial length and other ocular dimensions rabbits and pigs eyes was estimated.
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Mastro, Puccio Fernando del. "The animic dimension of law: a preliminary approach from analytic psychology." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116207.
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This paper presents a proposal of interdisciplinary approach between analytic psychology and law. From the basis of Carl G. Jung’s theoretical framework, we argue that the law is animated by psychic contents of archetypical nature, which shape the way in which humans relate with rules and authority and impact how we regulate as a society. The paper introduces myth interpretation as a means to comprehend that animic dimension of law and describes the concepts, techniques and cares that should guide the analysis. An interpretation of the fall of Adam and Eve is conducted as an example of the proposed interdisciplinary approach. The analysis leads us to argue that the psychic tendency to separate the inner self from the outer self, with the relegation of the former, derives in the domination of the masculine over the feminine and in a relationship characterized by distance and fear between humans and the authority. The regulation that arises from that context is one also marked by separation, fear of sanctions and is focused on the external behavior. The image of Jesus is thus presented as compensatory one since it tends to the reunion of the inner with the outer and of the feminine with the masculine, which derives in a regulation substantially different from that of the Old Testament.En el presente artículo compartimos una propuesta de aproximación interdisciplinaria entre la psicología analítica y el derecho. Partiendo del marco teórico de Carl G. Jung, argumentamos que el derecho está animado por contenidos psíquicos de naturaleza arquetípica que moldean el modo en que el ser humano se vincula con la norma y la autoridad, marcando también anímicamente el modo en que nos regulamos como sociedad. En el trabajo se presenta la interpretación de mitos como herramienta para comprender dicha base anímica y se desarrollan los conceptos, técnicas y cuidados que deben guiar dicho análisis. Se presenta también un ejemplo de interpretación de la historia bíblica de la caída de Adán y Eva, relatada en el capítulo tercero del Génesis. Nuestra interpretación nos lleva a postular que la tendencia a separar la realidad interior de la exterior en el ser humano, con olvido de la primera, lleva a la dominación de lo masculino frente a lo femenino y al establecimiento de una relación de lejanía y temor entre el ser humano y la autoridad, fuente de la norma, lo que conduce a un modelo de regulación también lejana, centrada en el temor a la sanción y enfocada en el exterior de la conducta. Frente a esta lectura, la figura de Jesús será mostrada como compensatoria, en tanto busca la reunión de lo interior con lo exterior y de lo masculino con lo femenino, lo que da lugar a un modo de regulación sustancialmente diferente al del Antiguo Testamento.
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Pazos, López Marta. "Rat optic nerve head anatomy within three- dimensional histomorphometric reconstructions of normal and early experimental glaucoma eyes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/381080.
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Objetciu: Reconstruir en 3D caps del nervi òptic (CNOs) de rata camb glaucoma experimental
(GExp) precoç unilateral, per proporcionar la primera descripció histomorfomètrica del CNO de
controls normales i amb GExp primerenc en aquesta espècie.
Métodos: Es va injectar sèrum salí hipertònic unilateralment en les venes epiesclerals de 8 rates
noruegues que van ser sacrificades 4 setmantes després (fixació-perfusió). Cinc observadors
enmascarats graduaren el dany de seccions del nervi òptic (NO) orbitari (1 Normal-5 Extens). Es
van reconstruir en 3D, es van visualitzar, deliniar i parametritzar els CNOs i l’esclera peripapil·lar.
Els paràmetres globals i específics per ull van ser avaluats conjuntament i regionalment amb un
model d’efectes linials mixtes amb criteris de significació ajustats per a comparacións múltiples.
Resultats: El CNO de la rata consisteix en 2 obertures esclerals (una superior neurovascular i una
altra otra inferior arterial) separades por una cingla escleral. Dins l’obertura superior, el nervi es
recolza un una prominent extensió de la Membrana de Bruch’s (MB) superiorment i està rodejat
d’un plexe vascular. El NO i l’Obertura Anterior del Canal Escleral (ASCO) van expandir-se
significativament en 7 dels 8 ulls amb GExp. En almenys 5 ulls amb GExp van detectar-se
expansions significativae de l’Obertura de la MB (BMO) (3-10%), de l’ASCO y de l’Obertura
Posterior del Canal Escleral (PSCO) (8-21% i 8-41% respectivament). L’expansió del NO va
correlacionar-se significativament amb el grau de dany (R2=0.668, p<0.05).
Conclusions: La complexitat 3D del CNO de rata y el gau en el què es diferencia de la del primat
han estat infravalorats en estudis previs en 2D. En el CNO de rata, el NO, el BMO que el rodeja I
el canal neurovascular s’expandeixen de manera precoç en resposta a l’elevació experimental crònica
de PIO. Aquestes troballes aporten nous punts de referència i objectius d’imatge per detectar el
desenvolupament de la neuropatia glaucomatosa experimental en ulls de rata.Objetivo: Reconstruir en 3D cabezas del nervio óptico (CNOs) de rata con glaucoma experimental (GExp) precoz unilateral, para proporcionar la primera descripción histomorfométrica de la CNO de controles normales y GExp precoz en esta especie. Métodos: Se inyectó suero salino hipertónico unilaterlamente en las venas epiesclerales de 8 ratas noruegas que se sacrificaron 4 semanas después (fijación-perfusión). Cinco observadores enmascarados graduaron el daño de secciones del nervio óptico (NO) orbitario (1 Normal-5 Extenso). Se reconstruyeron en 3D, se visualizaron, delinearon y parametrizaron las CNOs junto con la esclera peripapilar. Los parámetros globales y específicos por ojo fueron evaluados conjuntamente y regionalmente con un modelo de efectos lineares mixtos con criterios de significación ajustados para comparaciones múltiples. Resultados: La CNO de la rata consiste en 2 aperturas esclerales (una superior neurovascular y otra inferior arterial) separados por una cincha escleral. Dentro de la apertura superior, el nervio se apoya en una prominente extensión de la Membrana de Bruch’s (MB) superiormente y está rodeado de un plexo vascular. El NO y la Apertura Anterior del Canal Escleral (ASCO) se expandieron significativamente en 7 de 8 ojos con GExp. En al menos 5 ojos con GExp se detectaron expansiones significativas de la apertura de la MB (BMO) (3-10%), de la ASCO y de la Apertura Posterior del Canal Escleral (PSCO) (8-21% y 8-41% resp.). La expansión del NO se correlacionó significativamente con el grado de daño (R2=0.668, p<0.05). Conclusiones: La complejidad 3D de la CNO de rata y el grado en el que se diferencia de la del primate han sido infravalorados en los estudios previos en 2D. En la CNO de rata, el NO, el BMO que lo rodea y el canal neurovascular se expanden de manera temprana en respuesta a la elevación experimental crónica de PIO. Estos hallazgos proporcionan nuevos puntos de referencia y objetivos de imagen para detectar el desarrollo de la neuropatía glaucomatosa experimental en ojos de rata.
Purpose: To Three-Dimensionally (3D) reconstruct rat optic nerve heads (ONHs) with varying stages of unilateral early experimental glaucoma (EG), so as to provide the first histomorphometrical description of nomal controls and early EG ONH anatomy in this species. Methods: Hypertonic saline was unilaterally injected into the episcleral veins of 8 Brown Norway rats and animals were sacrificed 4 weeks later by perfusion fixation. Orbital optic nerve (ON) crosssections from were graded (1 normal, 5 extensive injury) by 5 masked observers. ONH’s with peripapillary ONH sclera were 3D reconstructed, visualized, delineated, and parameterized. Overall and animal-especific EG versus control eye ONH parameters differences were assessed globally and regionally by linear mixed effect models with significance criteria adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results: The rat ONH consists of 2 scleral openings (a superior neurovascular and inferior arterial) separated by a scleral sling. Within the superior opening, the nerve abuts a prominent extension of Bruch’s Membrane (BM) superiorly and is surrounded by a vascular plexus. Expansions of the ON and anterior scleral canal opening (ASCO) achieved statistical significance overall and in 7 of 8 EG eyes. In at least 5 EG eyes, significant expansions in Bruch’s Membrane Opening (BMO) (3-10%), the ASCO and Posterior Scleral Canal Openings (PSCOs) (8-21% and 8-41%, respectively) were detected. ON expansion was significantly correlated to ON damage (R2=0.668, p<0.05). Conclusions: The 3D complexity of the rat ONH and the extent to which it differs from the primate have been under-appreciated within previous 2D studies. In the rat ONH, the ON ansd surrounding BMO and neurovascular canal expand early in their response to chronic experimental IOP elevation. These findings provide phenotypic landmarks and imaging targets for detecting the development of EG optic neuropathy in the rat eye.
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Birt, Benjamin Joseph. "Evaluation of the contribution of reflected UVR to the inner canthus' total dose." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16461/.
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Basal cell carcinoma is a form of a non-melanoma skin tumour, that commonly forms over the sun exposed regions of the head and neck. Investigation of the rate of occurrence at different sites on face and neck shows considerable variation from site to site. The inner canthus has a disproportionate number when compared to more exposed sites. The eye brow ridge, cheek bone and nose limit the field of view of the inner canthus, thus it is expected to receive less radiation than other more exposed regions. To explain the disproportionate rate, it is hypothesised that a portion of radiation incident onto the eye is reflected to the inner canthus. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the contribution that the radiation reflected off the surface of the eye makes to the overall dose on the inner canthus. The inter reflections between the eye and inner canthus were studied through the use of the ray tracing program Zemax. Zemax was used to trace rays in a non sequential mode incident onto a model eye and periorbital region. To obtain the models of the eye and periorbital region, both magnetic resonance imaging and a casting process was investigated, with the later being superior for our uses. With the model obtained, it was used in a series of three dimensional ray tracing programs. On a macroscopic scale there is a small increase in the irradiance on the inner canthus (2 % over a 1 cm2 area). Peaks of high irradiance (19 % increase in irradiance above direct irradiance) were discovered over the surface when the detector was divided into 200 mm elements. It was concluded that these increases above the direct irradiance in these small regions, increases the possibility of the occurrence of a Basal cell carcinoma. Individual facial geometry, will greatly effect the location and size of these peaks and as a result an experimental method to measure the dose distribution across the inner canthus was proposed. Initially it was planned to use polysulphone film to measure the erythemal dose on the inner canthus. Results from the modelling indicated that any measurements made had to be at a high spatial resolution. Polysulphone film was found to be inadequate for this, due to its large uncertainties. An alternative method was investigated so that a population study could be performed in future studies using visible radiation and high dynamic range images gave a simple and effective clinical assessment tool. The high dynamic range images showed hot spots in the irradiance across the inner canthus agreeing with the model. The small spots of high relative irradiance may not be the only reason for the increased rate in this region. Greater skin sensitivity and absence of sun screen use at this site are other possibilities. It is believed however that the irradiance distribution across the inner canthus on a microscopic scale goes a long way to increasing the risk for certain people.
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Karlsson, Zimon, and Gustav Carlsson. "Service Quality in the Eyes of Sporadic Spectators : A Quantitative Study for HV71 with a Modified Sportscape Framework." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Marketing and Logistics, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49161.
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Introduction: Sports consumption is a unique human experience in which consumers invest both money and emotions where the game becomes the main focus of the event and constitutes what is known to be a sporting event. Sports organizations are required to track how their service quality is perceived during these events in order to understand the values of their spectators and to evaluate levels of satisfaction. As prior seasons in the SHL has shown an average decreasing number of attendances at the arenas, a possible issue may exist, suggesting that further understanding about how the service is perceived becomes useful. Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to examine how sporadic spectators experience the service quality offered by HV71 at Kinnarps Arena. Moreover, five dimensions within service quality are implemented to distinguish the perceived service quality among sporadic spectators in various areas, and how it relates to the intention to attend more games. Based on that, two research questions and six hypotheses were formulated for this thesis. Method: To fulfill the purpose of the study, a quantitative method was conducted. The data was collected through a survey distributed by HV71 to spectators attending at Kinnarps Arena during the 2019/2020 SHL season. Due to the quantitative method, a deductive approach became useful as hypotheses with a modified framework were developed based on an existing theory. The theoretical anchoring includes prior research in the field of service quality and how it is associated with sporting events, which has been incorporated when analyzing the empirical findings. Conclusion: The empirical findings in this study presents how the sporadic spectator perceives the service offered at Kinnarps Arena, whereas some differences between the dimensions exist. Moreover, the findings showed that each dimension are positively related with the perceived service quality, while identifying that there is not a strong relationship between the perceived service quality and intention to attend more games. Some findings suggested that other factors contribute to the intention to attend more, and not solely the perceived service quality.
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Månsson, Martin. "Patterns and predictability of visual attention in different street types : An eye tracking study exploring the predictability of the distribution of human visual attention based on the spatial arrangements of buildings in a two-dimensional plan." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14564.
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Streets are the most resilient elements in a city. While buildings are replaced and property borders redrawn, the streets remain. The primary means of planning new streets and the built environment surrounding it is by the creation of a two-dimensional plan - in a Swedish context called a detailed development plan. The two-dimensional plan is sometimes criticized for its inability to take the three-dimensional world into account and thus its inability to predict the actual outcome of the plan. To address this critique and provide additional understanding for this planning device, this paper empirically explores if the distribution of visual attention can be predicted from a two-dimensional plan. Visual attention is explored due to sight being the most prominent means used by humans to gather information in the urban environment. Fifteen subjects performed a simple, computerized eye-tracking experiment, whereby their visual attention was measured as they looked at 40 images on a monitor. The 40 images depicts four different street types: blocked, open, curved and angled, each of which was represented with a simple figure image, as per interpretation from a two-dimensional plan, as well as a photograph of the same environment, representing the actual outcome of the plan. The results show that the simple figure images have effective predictive capabilities, as the distribution of visual attention exhibited a similar pattern in both the figure image and the photograph. The results also show that different patterns of visual attention are evoked by each of the four different street types. In sum, the results indicate that two-dimensional plans are able to predict the future three-dimensional outcome of a given plan in terms of visual attention. These indications are valuable for planners, architects, engineers and decision-makers when planning for new urban environments. The results are also valuable for understanding human perception of streets in a wider context.
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Gajdár, Matúš. "Nízko-dimenzionální faktorizace pro "End-To-End" řečové systémy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417297.
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The project covers automatic speech recognition with neural network training using low-dimensional matrix factorization. We are describing time delay neural networks with factorization (TDNN-F) and without it (TDNN) in Pytorch language. We are comparing the implementation between Pytorch and Kaldi toolkit, where we achieve similar results during experiments with various network architectures. The last chapter describes the impact of a low-dimensional matrix factorization on End-to-End speech recognition systems and also a modification of the system with TDNN(-F) networks. Using specific network settings, we were able to achieve better results with systems using factorization. Additionally, we reduced the complexity of training by decreasing network parameters with the use of TDNN(-F) networks.
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Fourtassi, Maryam. "Étude des mouvements oculaires au cours de l’imagerie mentale visuelle, chez les sujets sains et chez ceux atteints d’une négligence représentationnelle ou d’une hémianopsie latérale homonyme." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1287/document.
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L'imagerie mentale visuelle est généralement accompagnée de mouvements spontanés des yeux qui ne sont pas arbitraires mais reflètent le contenu spatial de cette imagerie. Ce travail de thèse avait pour principal objectif l'utilisation de l'enregistrement des mouvements oculaires afin d'étudier les représentations mentales chez les sujets sains et les sujets atteints de lésions cérébrales et ainsi d'en explorer les mécanismes, la dynamique, les référentiels et les substrats neuronaux. Nous avons enregistré les mouvements des yeux pendant le rappel des villes de France à partir de la mémoire à long terme, soit en ayant recours à l'imagerie mentale de la carte de France, soit avec un accès sémantique (tâche de fluence verbale). Ce paradigme a été réalisé dans 3 situations différentes : chez les sujets sains avec le regard libre, chez les sujets sains avec le regard fixé et chez les sujets atteints de négligence spatiale unilatérale et/ou hémianopsie latérale homonyme (HLH) avec le regard libre. En utilisant la corrélation bi-dimensionelle (BDR) entre les positions oculaires et les positions GPS des villes évoquées par le sujet, nous avons pu réaliser dans ces trois situations une analyse individuelle. Chez les sujets sains en regard libre, nous avons démontré que l'imagerie mentale se construit de façon séquentielle, et fragmentée, et que la corrélation significative est une signature individuelle de l'utilisation de l'imagerie visuelle. Chez les sujets sains avec le regard fixe, nous avons mis en évidence l'existence de microsaccades qui reflètent toujours le contenu spatial de l'imagerie mentale pour la plupart des individus. Chez les négligents, la représentation mentale de la carte de France était perturbée aussi bien dans le référentiel allocentrique (absence de cohérence spatiale pour les villes de la moitié gauche) que dans le référentiel égocentrique (carte mentale décalée du côté ipsilésionnel). Chez les patients avec HLH, la représentation mentale était décalée du côté contra-lésionnel, mais était spatialement cohérente dans le référentiel allocentrique. Cette nouvelle approche méthodologique et statistique a permis de discuter les différentes interprétations théoriques de la littérature concernant les liens entre mouvements des yeux et imagerie mentale, et d'étudier les troubles de représentation spatiale faisant suite à la lésion du cortex visuel primaire et du réseau pariéto-frontal droit, substrats respectifs du tampon visuel et de la fenêtre attentionnelle / analyse des relations spatiales dans le modèle d'imagerie de KosslynVisual mental imagery is usually accompanied by spontaneous eye movements that are not random but reflect the spatial content of the imagery. The main objective of this thesis was to use eye movements recording in order to explore the mechanisms, the dynamics, the reference frames and the neural processes of spatial representations in healthy subjects and brain damaged patients.We recorded eye movements during the verbal recall of french cities from long-term memory, either through mental imagery of the map of France, or through a semantic access (verbal fluency task). This paradigm was carried out in three different situations: In healthy subjects with free gaze, in healthy subjects with fixed gaze and in patients with unilateral spatial neglect and / or homonymous hemianopia with free gaze. Using bi-dimensional regression (BDR) between ocular positions when cities were evoked and GPS positions of these cities, we could provide an individual analysis in each of these three situations.In healthy subjects with free gaze, we demonstrated that mental imagery is built sequentially and fragmented, and that significant correlation is a signature, at an individual level, of the use of visual imagery. In healthy subjects with central gaze fixation, we have demonstrated that the remaining microsaccades still reflect the spatial content of the imagery in most individuals. In patients with hemineglect, the mental representation of the map of France was disturbed both in the allocentric reference frame (lack of spatial coherence for cities of the left side) and in the egocentric reference frame (mental map shifted ipsilesionally). In subjects with hemianopia, the mental image was shifted contralesionally but was spatially coherent in the allocentric frame.These results are discussed in the light of the different theories on eye movements and mental imagery found in the literature and in particular with respect to the Kosslyn model of imagery in which the primary visual cortex (damaged in hemianopia) corresponds to the substratum of the visual buffer and the right parieto-frontal network to the substratum of the the attentional window and the spatial properties processing system
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Campbell, Bruce Kirkwood. "Ethics and worldview in identity-based conflict in Nigeria : a practical theological perspective on the religious dimension of violence in Plateau State." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33120.
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Severe intercommunal violence has repeatedly rocked Plateau State in the first decade of the new millennium, killing thousands of people. Observers have attributed the "crisis" to political, economic and social forces which breed pockets of exclusion and resentment. One notable model explains the violence through a paradigm of privileged "indigenes" who seek to prevent "settlers" from the political rights which would give them the access to the resources managed by the state and the economic opportunities that this entails. While not taking issue with the diagnosed causes of conflict, the Researcher argues that there is a substantial body of evidence being ignored which points to conflict cleavage having opened up along the divide of Christian-Muslim religious identity in a way that the settler-identity model does not sufficiently explain. On the basis that perceptions are as important as facts when it comes to seeking a transformational peace process, he sets out to map world-views, identities and ethics of the warring factions. The researcher, motivated to undertake this research by his direct experience of the 2008 crises and three years experience as an adviser to the EYN's rural development outreach in Adamawa and Borno States, posits that religion may indeed be part of the problem, and mosque and church must be partners to a solution. Forced to limit the scope of his research, he embarks on the initial stages of a practical theological investigation in order to review the conflict from a specifically religious perspective which might assist the Church in its efforts towards peace. Research is focussed on the perceptions of the pew faithful of two denominations in Plateau and Adamawa States and is based on an evaluation of interviews and focus groups which were held across a range of cohorts and settings in order to draw comparative conclusions. Respondents' backgrounds were both rural/urban, young/old, Muslim/Christian, and hailed from various ethnic groups (Berom, Tarok, Kamwe, Fali and HausaFulani). Evaluation methodology drew heavily on Grounded Theory and also included elements of Critical Discourse Analysis. The success of the methodology hinged on the ability of the Researcher to establish rapport and trust with respondents. The applied research methods were foremostly designed to build theory rather than statistically test any hypotheses. The thesis detects evidence not only for the salience of religion as a factor in the way conflict unfolds, but of religion displacing ethnicity as the marker of identity in some locations and age groups. It also demonstrates how ethno-religious narratives stemming from former rural strife between nomadic and sedentary populations and urban conflicts resulting from the competition for indigene rights have been conflated and then further reinforced by the emerging threat of Boko Haram, resulting in a narrative of a unified Muslim programme for conquest, domination and forced conversion. In tune with an undertaking couched in practical theology, this research also identifies a number challenges to the Church's witness and its ability to be a convincing force for reconciliation which arise from this. Eminently, there are signs that ethnocentric mores have been integrated into an emerging Christian identity, which engenders a monolatric perception of God and a penchant to reinforce boundaries rather than remove them. However, Christians also feel restricted by a Christian imperative to forego violence and beleaguered by an Islamic front which they perceive as having moral licence to perpetrate violence in pursuit of dominance. The researcher holds the conviction that it is the Nigerian Church who must embark on a theological process on her own to respond to some of these problems, and concludes with a number of propositions and recommendations to assist her on this voyage.
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Lam, Pang Kit Jerry. "Three-dimensional Investigations of Different Sulfides in Steels by Using Electrolytic Extraction." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195349.
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The emphasis of this study is focusing on three-dimensional (3D) investigations of the manganese sulfide (MnS) inclusions characteristics in steels by using electrolytic extraction (EE). Two steel grades, 42CrMo4 and 157C, heat treated (HT) at 900 oC were investigated. 42CrMo4 steel samples were heat treated for 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes while 157C steel samples were heat treated for 5 minutes. Samples of 42CrMo4 were taken from middle zone of an as-cast steel bar while that for grade 157C were taken from 3 different zones (centre, middle and surface). Inclusions were collected on film filters and analyzed by SEM for classification and determination of their characteristics including the size, number density (Nv), morphology and composition. The aspect ratio (AR) as well as particle size distribution (PSD) were also compared for steel samples conducted at various HT times. The result showed that EE is a reliable method of investigation inclusion characteristics. The inclusions were classified into 3 types according to their morphology and composition. Type I was elongated rod-like MnS, type II was coarsened sheet-like MnS and type III was spherical MnS inclusions. In addition, HT significantly reduced the Nv and fairly reduced AR but no significant reduction in size observed. The peak of PSD decreased with an increased HT time. The change of Nv, length, AR and PSD could be altered because of uneven inclusion distribution in filter and different sampling positions.
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Tarhini, Ahmad. "Nouvelle physique, Matière noire et cosmologie à l'aurore du Large Hadron Collider." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00847781.
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Dans la premi ère partie de cette th èse, je pr ésenterai le 5D MSSM qui est un mod èle supersym étrique avec une dimension suppl émentaire. (Five Dimensional Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model). Apr ès compactication sur l'orbifold S1=Z2, le calcul des equations du groupe de renormalisation (RGE) a une boucle montre un changement dans l' évolution des param ètres ph énom énologiques. D es que l' énergie E = 1=R est atteinte, les états de Kaluza-Klein interviennent et donnent des contributions importantes. Plusieurs possibilit és pour les champs de mati ère sont discut és : ils peuvent se propager dans le "bulk" ou ils sont localis és sur la "brane". Je pr ésenterai d'une part l' évolution des équations de Yukawa dans le secteur des quarks ainsi que les param ètres de la matrice CKM, d'autre part, les e ffets de ce mod èle sur le secteur des neutrinos notamment les masses, les angles de m élange, les phases de Majorana et de Dirac. Dans la deuxi ème partie, je parlerai du mod èle AMSB et ses extensions (MM-AMSB et HC-AMSB). Ces mod èles sont des sc enarios de brisure assez bien motiv es en supersym étrie. En calculant des observables issues de la physique des particules puis en imposant des contraintes de cosmologie standard et alternative sur ces sc enarios, j'ai d étermin e les r égions qui respectent les contraintes de la mati ère noire et les limites de la physique des saveurs. Je reprendrai ensuite l'analyse de ces mod èles en utilisant de nouvelles limites pour les observables. La nouvelle analyse est faite en ajoutant les mesures r écentes sur la masse du Higgs et les rapports de branchement pour plusieurs canaux de d ésint égrations.
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Milet, Tomáš. "Grafické intro 64kB s použitím OpenGL." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236545.
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This thesis deals with the creation of the intro with limited size. This work describes methods for reducing the size of the final application. The main part describes methods for generating graphic content and methods for its animation. It deals with creation of textures and geometry. Another part is aimed on the physical simulation of particle and elastic systems.
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Alice, Abi Art College of Fine Arts UNSW. "Painting by eye: an investigation into the representation and understanding of dimensions and space through objects, images and time." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43280.
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Finding equilibrium in forms, colour-form combinations and images has long been a concern of mine. I recognise a persistent manner of working within my art practice that utilises geometry, mathematics and colour to arrive at compositions that have a sense of beauty and equilibrium. Abstraction has been of significant interest to me and the three collections of work that I developed during my Master of Fine Arts studies - 'Colour:Form:Ratio', 'Photography-Free Zone' and 'Construction-Abstraction' - illustrate the different ways I have applied my interests in abstraction. Until the completion of the 'Colour:Form:Ratio' painting series my approach to abstraction was cerebral and self-reliant. While I was satisfied with results of my initial investigations and experimentation with abstract forms in painting I felt that the work lacked a social connection. I thus became interested in addressing what I perceived as this shortfall in my abstract painting. A new body of photographic work that had been evolving in parallel to my painting practice seemed to offer a solution. I realised that the photographs could be used to construct a new version of abstract composition. The images shared a similar colour and geometrical configuration to that illustrated in the 'Colour:Form:Ratio' Series. With this breakthrough, I began 'painting by eye', replacing my brush and palette with the camera and using it to capture and frame colours and geometric forms from my surrounding environment. In order to test my new methodology of arriving at abstract compositions extracted from the world around me, I selected two communally shared spaces - the gallery/museum and the construction site - as the sourcing ground for my photographs. The result of my experimentation has been two collections of work: 'Photography-Free Zone' and 'Construction-Abstraction'. Both series reflect my experience of the gallery/museum space and the construction site while illustrating the transferral of my painting process to the photographic medium. The most favourable realisation I made in the process of making these works was that the subject matter I captured with the camera possessed aesthetic and theoretical qualities in keeping with my former painted artistic vocabulary, despite being removed from the physical act of painting.
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Suheimat, M., P. K. Verkicharla, Edward A. H. Mallen, J. J. Rozema, and D. A. Atchison. "Refractive indices used by the Haag-Streit Lenstar to calculate axial biometric dimensions." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9410.
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noPURPOSE: To estimate refractive indices used by the Lenstar biometer to translate measured optical path lengths into geometrical path lengths within the eye. METHODS: Axial lengths of model eyes were determined using the IOLMaster and Lenstar biometers; comparing those lengths gave an overall eye refractive index estimate for the Lenstar. Using the Lenstar Graphical User Interface, we noticed that boundaries between media could be manipulated and opposite changes in optical path lengths on either side of the boundary could be introduced. Those ratios were combined with the overall eye refractive index to estimate separate refractive indices. Furthermore, Haag-Streit provided us with a template to obtain 'air thicknesses' to compare with geometrical distances. RESULTS: The axial length estimates obtained using the IOLMaster and the Lenstar agreed to within 0.01 mm. Estimates of group refractive indices used in the Lenstar were 1.340, 1.341, 1.415, and 1.354 for cornea, aqueous, lens, and overall eye, respectively. Those refractive indices did not match those of schematic eyes, but were close in the cases of aqueous and lens. Linear equations relating air thicknesses to geometrical thicknesses were consistent with our findings. CONCLUSION: The Lenstar uses different refractive indices for different ocular media. Some of the refractive indices, such as that for the cornea, are not physiological; therefore, it is likely that the calibrations in the instrument correspond to instrument-specific corrections and are not the real optical path lengths.
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Farshadmanesh, Farshad. "Three dimensional eye-head coordination after unilateral inactivation of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) in the primate /." 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1240690631&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1195653182&clientId=5220.
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Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Biology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-125). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1240690631&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1195653182&clientId=5220
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Boo-CyuanYang and 楊博荃. "The Comparison of Eye Movements between Seeing Three-dimensional and Plane Images." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15858879326506901945.
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碩士國立成功大學
生物醫學工程學系
100
In recent years, the three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopy movies are innovated. We have more and more chance to accept 3D movies. When we watch three-dimensional movies or images, the stimuli lead us into an uncomfortable condition easily. And it may cause some clinical symptoms such as dizziness, binocular fatigue and even more serious to cause stroke. These symptoms have great relation with eyeballs. The object moves very fast and image switching frequency is quite high while watching 3D movies. Therefore, as the eyes accept these stimuli, the pupil will become bigger and the times of vergence response will increase. The binocular chases the object as the object position changes. The results in eye saccade durations are short relatively. In this study, the 3D shutter glasses are combined with compatible adopted for viewing stereoscopy stimuli and images. The content of the 3D image is designed for simulating the baseball locus. Subjects are watching 3D movies and the Skalar IRIS system records the positions of binocular by the infrared simultaneously. The signals are collected through analog to digital converter, which is manufactured by National Instrument. Then we discuss the relationship between eye movement and 3D images with these results. The same image is demonstrated in a plane way. The positions of binocular are recorded at the same time. We discuss comparisons of eye movements between seeing 3D and plane images further. Subjects have to accept binocular calibrations of position before view 3D images. Then we can ensure binocular positions accurately after calibrations. The calibrations include left-end and right-end and depth position calibrations. We figure out the angle after the voltage conversion. The distance between the screen and subjects is calculated through the angle difference. Subjects start viewing 3D and plane images after the calibrations. We can find out that subjects do more times of vergence and saccade eye movements in viewing 3D images than plane images after results are collected. However, subjects also do more times of micro-tremor times in viewing 3D images. Through the recorded results we can hypothesize that binocular may feel fatigue and discomfort easily in viewing 3D images because binocular shifts more displacements and quivers persistently.
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Dahlstrom-hakki, Ibrahim H. "Investigating change blindness in three-dimensional dynamic stimuli." 2004. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2415.
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Liao, Yi-Jun, and 廖怡君. "The Influence of Cues on Performance in Solving Three-dimensional Space Problems: An Eye Movement Study." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73896673623477182610.
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碩士國立清華大學
學習科學研究所
103
During the problem solving process, cues are used to guide the solvers’ attention, helping to retrieve information related to the solution. Little is known, however, about how the involved mental processes unfold. The present study begins by proposing a “model for solving three-dimensional space problems” (STSP), consisting of the following stages: define the problem, integrate text and diagram, and solve the problem. The present study analyzes the problem solving process for a three-dimensional space problem with eye movement monitoring, and investigates the effectiveness of cues related to the text and diagram information for successful and unsuccessful problem-solvers. Sixty-eight undergraduates were recruited as participants and classified into four groups: successful problem solvers in the non-cues (SNC); unsuccessful problem solvers with non-cues (USNC); successful problem solvers with cues (SC), and unsuccessful problem solvers with cues (USC). The problem solving process was divided into two stages: the solving stage and the answering stage. Eye movement data for the four groups was analyzed for the two stages. The statistical software R was used to analyze the data. Turning to the results, in the stage of ‘defining the problem’, first past gaze duration data indicated that the SNC group relied on textual information. In the stage ‘integration of text and diagram’ stage, run counts revealed that all four groups relied on both textual and diagram information, shifting their view back and forth and combining the information in the text and diagram areas; in the stage of ‘solving the problem’, the percentage of total viewing duration and total fixation count showed that the SNC group equally used the information in both area but the remaining three groups mainly used the information in the diagram area. In conclusion, the SNC group had longer first past gaze duration in the text area and spent more time defining the problem; but the SNC group had a lower total fixation count and lower percentage of total viewing duration than the SC group in the diagram area, suggesting that for the performance of the SC group, cues influenced them to invest more cognitive processes in the diagram area. Future studies might find it worthwhile to investigate the effects of feedback on performance. In particular, it would be useful to see whether and how feedback helps less successful solvers to clarify the problem. Future research might also explore the influence of prior knowledge and discuss the differences between expert and novice strategies.
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Malheiro, Bruno Rafael Francisco. "Pouncing the Amazon’s tiger: perceiving the jaguar (Panthera onca) through the eyes of Bolivia’s younger generations." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/30964.
Full textAbstract:
Sharing the landscape with wildlife has been an increasingly challenging over the years that resulted in the accentuated decline of many animal species, especially large predators and carnivores. This is the case with the jaguar (Panthera onca) in virtually all of its distribution range in South America and, particularly, in the Amazon forest. Several protected areas have been created over the years to advocate for biodiversity conservation, however, there is still a lack of information on how natives living in these territories respond to the jaguar’s presence and interact with it. The goal of this study was to understand how young people between the aged of 11 and 20 years old perceive the jaguar in the Bolivian protected regions of Manuripi National Amazon Wildlife Reserve, Integrated Management area of Santa Rosa del Abuná and Pampas del Yacuma, as well as the indigenous territory of Tacana II. In addition, I compared the findings from this study to previous ones that focused on adults of the same regions. Similar to previous studies, youngsters (n = 477) held overall negative perceptions and feelings toward jaguars, with slight differences among study areas. I also identified Tacana II as the least tolerant to jaguars, based on the comparison of feelings and perceptions among study areas and previous studies. Contrarily, Pampas del Yacuma was the most positive in terms of perceptions and feelings, which were connected to pronounced presence of ecotourism. Boys, compared to girls, significantly felt more positive towards the jaguar, as did people who had encountered a jaguar in the past, and those who believed that jaguar had ecological importance also had significantly more positive feelings. Based on conclusions, I suggested some studies to be applied in the future concerning jaguar population distribution and application of pilot ecotourism and ecological education projects in protected areas where the impact of these big cats is still a major issue, so native people can also be active agents of conservation.Partilha de território com animais selvagens tem sido um problema cada vez mais alarmante ao longo dos anos e que resultou no declínio acentuado de muitas espécies, especialmente grandes predadores e carnívoros. Este é o caso do jaguar (Panthera onca) em praticamente toda a sua área de distribuição na América, nomeadamente na floresta Amazónica. Várias áreas protegidas foram surgindo ao longo do tempo com foco na conservação da Natureza, florestas e vida selvagem, assim como vários esforços legislativos contra o tráfico de animais e suas partes. No entanto, ainda há falta de informação acerca de como as comunidades nativas respondem e interagem com a presença de jaguar. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a maneira como jovens entre 11 e 20 anos de idade percecionam o jaguar nas áreas protegidas da Reserva Nacional de Vida selvagem Amazónica de Manuripi, IPA de Santa Rosa del Abuná e Pampas del Yacuma, assim como no território indígena Tacana II, e compará-las com estudos anteriores em adultos. Os meus resultados mostraram que as perceções e sentimentos dos jovens (n = 477) estão em conformidade com estudos prévios, sendo maioritariamente negativas. Também identifiquei o território indigena Tacana II como sendo a menos tolerante ao jaguar, comparando os resultados com jovens com os de estudos prévios. Comparando resultados entre áreas, Pampas del Yacuma reportou perceções e sentimentos mais positivos em relação às outras, talvez devido à forte presença de ecoturismo na economia local. Rapazes, comparativamente com raparigas, reportaram sentimentos significativamente mais positivos em relação ao jaguar. As pessoas que tiveram um contacto direto com um jaguar no passado tendem a ter sentimentos mais positivos em relação à espécie e as opiniões relativamente à sua importância ecológica foram significativamente mais favoráveis à conservação com o aumento de sentimentos positivos. Baseado nos meus resultados, sugeri o desenvolvimento de projetos piloto para a implementação de ecoturismo e educação ecológica nas áreas protegidas em que o conflito com estes grandes felinos ainda é muito acentuado, incentivando as comunidades nativas a serem agentes ativos na mitigação deste problema.
Mestrado em Ecologia Aplicada
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Pao, Sih-Hua, and 鮑思樺. "In vivo Eyes Development of Drosophila Embryo Studied by Three-dimensional Time-lapsed Imaging via Single Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM)." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40157553934560448527.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
生醫光電研究所
101
We have studied the development of Drosophila eyes in the embryo stage by Single Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM). In our SPIM setup, we aligned a pair of counter-propagating parallel beams with appropriate set of optical elements to produce a light sheet for fluorescence excitation of the sample. A compromise of lateral resolution, axial resolution, and the field of view with uniform fluorescence excitation has been achieved by proper combination of optical elements. The advantages of SPIM, including relatively high lateral resolution, capability of optically sectioning throughout the sample with high-speed data acquisition, and avoidance of (or reduction of) photo-bleaching was successfully demonstrated; besides, a special sample holding stage was designed and incorporated into the setup such that the sample can be rotated to improve the penetration depth and to enable multi-view image acquisition and subsequent image fusion. We have observed and recorded the dynamics of the CD gene expression during the course of Drosophila eyes development from stage 12 to stage 17 via time-lapse imaging of the embryogenesis of eye-antenna disc primordium (EADP) expressed with green fluorescent protein, and we also obtained preliminary results of the dynamics of en gene expression during the course of Drosophila embryo development after stage 14. Three-dimension time-lapse imaging of live sample (of Drosophila embryo) with good image quality was successfully demonstrated via multi-view reconstruction from two view angles (0-degree and 180-degree view angles).
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Chang, Chin-Hao, and 張晉豪. "In vivo Eyes Development of Drosophila Embryo in Early Stage Studied by Three-dimensional Time-lapsed Imaging via Single Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM)." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91694569634553514732.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
生醫光電研究所
102
Although fluorescent staining and imaging have been used to study the eyes development at each developmental stage of Drosophila from larva to adult, the development process of Eye-Antennal Disc Primordium (EADP) in the embryonic stage still remains unclear. In our study, we applied Single Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) to acquire in vivo time-lapsed images of Drosophila eyes development in early stage with single cell resolution. Our main objectives include the elucidation of the dynamic formation of EADP and a critical examination of the contribution of engrailed (en) gene to the formation of EADP. In our experiments, Drosophila embryos were labeled with three kinds of fluorescence: (1) CD-GFP(II)/S-T; which labeled Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) on CD enhancer; (2) en-GAL4; UAS-H2B-RFP; which labeled Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) on en gene; and (3) CD-GFP/en-Gal4; UAS-H2B-RFP/+; which labeled red and green fluorescent protein on en gene and CD enhancer, respectively, in the same sample. Via single plane illumination microscopy, we acquired and reconstructed 3-d time-lapse image sequences of the eyes development of Drosophila. Our results revealed that CD enhancer expressed on Drosophila embryo from stage 14 to stage 17. The 3-d cells dynamics during the EADP development process were recorded and analyzed. A comparison of the expression of CD enhancer and en gene at stage 16 indicated that the en gene expressed only on a small fraction of EADP and that the role and the detail spatial-temporal distribution of en gene on EADP development still need to be verified through more imaging evidences with better spatial and temporal resolutions.
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Chen, Jing-Jie, and 陳敬杰. "The relationship between the shapes of highly myopic eyes and their peripheral refraction errors by using high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50538490612604109043.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中山醫學大學
生物醫學科學學系碩士班
104
Purpose: This study aims to determine whether the relative peripheral refractive errors and the shape of retina by high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging in high myopia. Methods: Sixteen young adults with high myopia (over＞6.00 D) and nineteen emmetropic ( +0.50 to -0.50 D) young adults were investigated. An open-field auto-refractor was used to measure on- and off-axis refractions in horizontal meridian every 3° out to 30° in nasal and temporal retina, and in vertical meridian every 3° out to 12° in superior and inferior retinal. Axial ocular dimensions were measured by A-scan ultrasonography. Axial (horizontal through middle of eye), sagittal (vertical through axis) and tangential (horizontal through axis) sections were taken with a magnetic resonance imaging. Result: High myopic subjects had greater relative hyperopia in the periphery 30° temporal (+2.48 ± 0.90 D),30° nasal (+2.68 ± 1.16 D), 9° Superior (+0.64 ± 0.58 D) and 12° Inferior (+0.65 ± 0.63 D), indicating a prolate ocular shape (longer axial length than equatorial diameter), compared with relative peripheral myopia and an oblate shape (broader equatorial diameter than axial length) for emmetropes 30° temporal (-1.64 ± 0.42 D)and 30° nasal(-1.39 ± 0.44 D), 9° Superior (- 0.55 ± 0.27D) and 12° Inferior (-0.860 ± 0.29 D) .High myopic eyes showed much larger in all three dimensions, but more so in length (26.15 ± 1.05 mm) than in height (24.59 ± 0.87 mm) and more so in height than in width (24.41 ± 1.21mm). Emmetropic eyes showed the similar in three dimensions (height is 23.58 ± 0.61 mm, length is 23.40 ± 0.68 mm, and width is 23.19 ± 0.90 mm). In high myopic groups, the curvature of retina showed a significant negative correlation with the relative peripheral refraction(Temporal：Pearson r = -0.459；P＞0.01；Nasal：Pearson r = -0.277；P = 0.011；Superior：Pearson r = -0.066；P = 0.679；Inferior：Pearson r = -0.260；P = 0.096). Conclusions: In this study, the emmetropic groups showed relative peripheral myopic refrction and oblate ocular shape；The high myopic groups showed relative peripheral hyperopic refraction and prolate ocular shape. In high myopic eyes are negative correlation with the curvature of retina and relative peripheral refraction.