Academic literature on the topic 'Eye – Microbiology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Eye – Microbiology"
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Armstrong, R. A. "The microbiology of the eye." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 20, no. 6 (November 2000): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2000.tb01121.x.
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Armstrong, R. A. "The microbiology of the eye." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 20, no. 6 (November 2000): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1475-1313.2000.00562.x.
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Gerding, Paul A., and Ibulaimu Kakoma. "Microbiology of the Canine and Feline Eye." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 20, no. 3 (May 1990): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(90)50053-4.
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Seale, D. V. "Diagnostic Microbiology and Cytology of the Eye." Journal of Clinical Pathology 49, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.49.7.616-b.
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Ishikawa, Hiroto, Kazutaka Uchida, Yoshio Takesue, Junya Mori, Takamasa Kinoshita, Shohei Morikawa, Fumiki Okamoto, et al. "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in 314 Japanese Patients with Bacterial Endophthalmitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study from J-CREST." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040390.
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Bacterial endophthalmitis is an intraocular infection that causes rapid vison loss. Pathogens can infect the intraocular space directly (exogenous endophthalmitis (ExE)) or indirectly (endogenous endophthalmitis (EnE)). To identify predictive factors for the visual prognosis of Japanese patients with bacterial endophthalmitis, we retrospectively examined the bacterial endophthalmitis characteristics of 314 Japanese patients and performed statistics using these clinical data. Older patients, with significantly more severe clinical symptoms, were prevalent in the ExE group compared with the EnE group. However, the final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was not significantly different between the ExE and EnE groups. Bacteria isolated from patients were not associated with age, sex, or presence of eye symptoms. Genus Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus were more prevalent in ExE patients than EnE patients and contributed to poor final BCVA. The presence of eye pain, bacterial identification, and poor BCVA at baseline were risk factors for final visual impairment.
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Hibberd, Patricia L., and Ann Sullivan Baker. "Dangers of "Eye-to-Eye" Contact." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 10, no. 3 (March 1989): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30105106.
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Hibberd, Patricia L., and Ann Sullivan Baker. "Dangers of "Eye-to-Eye" Contact." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 10, no. 3 (March 1989): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/645974.
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Wilhelmus, Kirk R. "The Red Eye." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 2, no. 1 (March 1988): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5520(20)30168-9.
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Kumar Sahu, Srikant, Sujata Das, Savitri Sharma, and Kalyani Sahu. "Clinico-Microbiological Profile and Treatment Outcome of Infectious Scleritis: Experience from a Tertiary Eye Care Center of India." International Journal of Inflammation 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/753560.
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Medical and microbiology records of seventeen patients (17 eyes), diagnosed as scleritis of infectious origin were reviewed; to study clinical features, predisposing risk factors, microbiologic profile and treatment outcome of infectious scleritis. The mean patient age was52.3±19.75years. Twelve patients (70.6%) had history of trauma/prior surgery. Isolated organisms includedStaphylococcusspecies (spp)(n=5), Fungus(n=4),Nocardiaspp(n=3), two each of atypicalMycobacteriumspp andStreptococcus pneumoniaeand onePseudomonas aeruginosa. Treatment included intensive topical antimicrobial in all eyes and systemic medication in 15 (88.2%) patients; surgical exploration was needed for 13 (76.5%) patients and scleral patch graft was done in four (23.5%) patients. Lesions resolved in all patients and none required evisceration. The presenting log MAR visual acuity of1.77±1.40and improved to0.99±0.91.(P≤0.039)after treatment with a mean follow up of22.57±19.53weeks. A microbiological confirmation, appropriate medical and/or surgical intervention has a good tectonic and visual outcome.
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Singh, A., K. Tripathy, N. Gupta, P. Kale, N. Verma, and BR Mirdha. "Phthirus pubis in the eye." Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 34, no. 3 (July 2016): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.188384.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Eye – Microbiology"
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Jefferies, Laura Kahealani. "Microbiological, Therman Inactivation, and Sensory Characteristics of Beef Eye-of-Round Subprimals and Steaks Processed with High-Pressure Needleless Injection." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1047.
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High-pressure needleless injection (HPNI) is a process where small-diameter, high-velocity burst of liquid, penetrate foods at pressures ≤ 10,000 psi. The potential of HPNI as an enhancing technique for meat was studied. In study 1, HPNI translocated surface E. coli O157 into the interior of beef eye-of-round subprimals with an incidence of 40 (±7), 25 (±8), and 25 (±8)% for meat that had been surface-inoculated with a four-strain cocktail at 0.5, 1, and 2 log10 CFU/cm2, respectively. Run-off water contained 2, 2, and 3 log10 CFU/ml and was used for HPNI of additional subprimals, which resulted in a cross-contamination incidence of 83 (±4), 60 (±15), and 37 (±6) %, respectively. Incidence of translocation and cross-contamination was similar at all sampled levels below the inoculated surface. Study 1 results indicate that surface microflora will be translocated from the surface into the interior of HPNI-treated beef by the injection fluid and by cross-contamination with recycled fluid.
In study 2, E. coli was undetected in cooked steaks (63˚C internal) cut from subprimals inoculated with 2 log10 CFU/cm2 and HPNI processed (study 1). Although cooking reduced E. coli counts, determination of complete kill was not possible because the detection limit for bacterial recovery was about 1 log10 CFU/g. Steaks cut from HPNI-processed subprimals took longer (p <0.05) to reach 63˚C with grilling or broiling, compared to control steaks, possibly due to increased moisture in enhanced steaks.
In study 3, sensory acceptance of steaks was evaluated by a consumer panel. Appearance, flavor, and overall acceptance were similar among the untreated control, HPNI steaks, blade tenderized steaks (BT steaks), and steaks cut from subprimals that had been needle-injected with 0.35% (wt/vol) sodium tripolyphosphate using needle injection (NI-subprimal steaks) or HPNI (HPNI-subprimal steaks). Texture of BT steaks (6.5±1.9) was more liked than control steaks (5.8±1.8), while texture was similar for all other comparisons. Conversely, Warner-Bratzler shear force was NI-subprimal steaks < control < HPNI steaks = HPNI-subprimal steaks = BT steaks. Lack of correspondence between texture acceptance data and WBSF suggests that sensory scores were influenced by factors other than the force required for mechanical shear.
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Simon, Remil B. S., Darshan M. D. Shah, Peter B. S. Blosser, Demetrio M. D. Macariola, and Jeffrey M. D. Carlsen. "Treatment of CMV Vitritis in a Preterm Newborn." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/165.
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Title: Treatment of CMV Vitritis in a Preterm Newborn
Author’s Section: Remil Simon1, Darshan Shah1, Peter Blosser1, Demetrio Macariola1, Jeffrey Carlsen2
1.Department of Pediatrics, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
2.Johnson City Eye Clinic, Johnson City, TN
Body: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the neonate is an infrequent occurrence in the developing world, and observing the symptoms of ocular CMV infection such as vitritis is rare. Treating CMV infection promptly is necessary to prevent mortality and potential neurological deficits including blindness and hearing loss. We encountered a preterm infant presenting with CMV sepsis immediately after birth. Our question was: will the current standard of treatment for CMV sepsis prevent CMV ocular infection? With our method of treatment, we followed the current standard of treatment for CMV infection by administering intravenous Gancyclovir for 6 weeks and oral Valgancyclovir for 6 months. Despite using the standard treatment to prevent neurological sequelae, the patient developed CMV vitritis and retinitis bilaterally. Although the treatment did not prevent CMV ocular infection, the severity of CMV retinitis and vitritis improved with treatment, and full resolution of vitritis was noted by day of life 61.
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Sabater, Cruz Noelia. "Biosustitutos para el tratamiento de la patología de la córnea y la superficie ocular: epidemiología, aplicaciones clínicas y controles microbiológicos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672134.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La patología de la superficie ocular puede requerir de biosustitución mediante el implante de diferentes tipos de tejido. Se han descrito diversos biosustitutos de la superficie ocular. Las indicaciones, técnicas quirúrgicas, formulaciones y controles de calidad han sufrido modificaciones y cambios en los últimos años.
HIPÓTESIS: Existe un cambio de tendencias en las indicaciones y formulaciones y/o técnicas quirúrgicas para el manejo y tratamiento de la patología de la córnea y superficie ocular. Asimismo, se considera que el control de la calidad de estos biosustitutos es de suma importancia para evitar efectos adversos y complicaciones para el receptor. Además, la investigación y desarrollo constantes de los biosustitutos de origen humano, ha permitido recientemente disponer de nuevos formatos y formulaciones para la aplicación clínica en el tratamiento de diferentes patologías de la superficie ocular
OBJETIVO: Conocer las indicaciones de biosustitutos de origen humano - córnea, esclera, membrana amniótica - para el tratamiento de las patologías de la córnea y superficie ocular en Catalunya. Evaluar el uso de los cultivos microbiológicos de anillos esclerocorneales y medios de conservación corneal como control perioperatorio del tejido donante en el mundo real. Evaluar los resultados clínicos de los biosustitutos autólogos, como la conjuntiva, y evaluar los resultados clínicos de los recientes formatos de la membrana amniótica disponibles en Cataluña – liofilizada y extracto de membrana amniótica – desde un punto de vista de validación y estudio en la práctica clínica.
RESULTADOS: Las indicaciones más frecuentes en Catalunya para queratoplastia entre los años 2011-18 son queratopatía bullosa, distrofia endotelial de Fuchs y retrasplante. La queratoplastia penetrante es aún la técnica más prevalente a pesar de que se ha encontrado una tendencia creciente estadísticamente significativa de las queratoplastias endoteliales y especialmente para la Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty, en estrecha relación con la disponibilidad de tejido precortado. Las principales indicaciones del implante de tejido escleral en Catalunya entre los años 2011-18 son la cirugía del glaucoma y la reconstrucción palpebral. Y para la utilización de la membrana amniótica en Catalunya entre los años 2011-18 son las úlceras corneales y la reconstrucción conjuntival. Con relación a los controles microbiológicos de las córneas utilizadas para queratoplastia, las técnicas de preservación de tejido mediante las aproximaciones en hipotermia muestran una mayor tasa de contaminación de los tejidos, estadísticamente significativa, que las aproximaciones en cultivos organotípicos. El estudio de la adherencia al tratamiento postoperatorio tras cirugía de pterigión con autoinjerto conjuntival muestra que la adherencia está relacionada de manera estadísticamente significativa con el protocolo de tratamiento. La membrana amniótica es un biosustituto que ha demostrado tener efectos beneficiosos tanto en la presentación liofilizada - como coadyuvante para la reconstrucción de la superficie ocular en la cirugía del pterigión -, como en forma de colirio de extracto - para el cierre epitelial y en la disminución de la sintomatología asociada al ojo seco tanto es un entorno controlado como en un estudio de vida real.
Conclusión: Las técnicas de queratoplastia lamelares aún no son las predominantes en nuestro medio, a pesar de que ha habido un cambio de tendencias importante y en relación con la disponibilidad de tejido precortado. Las principales indicaciones del implante de tejido escleral son la cirugía del glaucoma y la reconstrucción palpebral; y las principales indicaciones de la utilización de la membrana amniótica son las úlceras corneales y la reconstrucción conjuntival. Las técnicas de preservación de tejido corneal mediante las aproximaciones en hipotermia muestran una mayor tasa de contaminación. Los pacientes tras cirugía de pterigión con autoinjerto conjuntival presentan diferente tasa de adherencia al tratamiento postoperatorio según el protocolo postoperatorio indicado. La membrana amniótica es un biosustituto que ha demostrado tener efectos beneficiosos tanto en la presentación liofilizada - como coadyuvante para la reconstrucción de la superficie ocular en la cirugía del pterigión -, como en forma de colirio de extracto - para el cierre epitelial y en la disminución de la sintomatología asociada al ojo seco.Ocular surface patologies treatment could require of substitutes of human origin (SoHO). Diferent SoHO have been described and its indications, surgical techniques, formulations and quality controls have been modified for the last years. The objectives of this investigation were to know the indications in Catalonia for SoHO for ocular surface treatment, to evaluate the microbiological cultures as a perioperative quality control and evaluate clinical outcomes of autologous and allogenic SoHO in Catalonia. RESULTS: main indications of queratoplasty from 2011 to 2018 were bullous keratoplasty, Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and regraft. Penetrant keratoplasty was the principal technique despite a statistical significant ascendent trend in lamellar keratoplasties, related to precut tissue availability. Main indications of sclera tissue were glaucoma surgery and lid reconstruction and of amniotic membrane were corneal ulcer and conjunctival recontruction. Corneas preserved in hypothermia had a statistical significant higher contamination rate. Adherence to postoperative treatment in patients with previous pterigium surgery is statistically related to the protocol. Amniotic membrane showed to have beneficial effects in its different formulations – liophylized and as a amniotic membrane extract eye drops for different patologies as wound healing defects, dry eye disease and pterigium. CONCLUSION: lamelar keratoplasty techniques have not yet achived the predominance in our area despite a statistical significant shift in trends has been detected indeed. Main indications of keratoplasty were bullous keratoplasty and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy; of scleral tissue were glaucoma surgery and lid reconstruction and of amniotic membrane were corneal ulcer and conjunctival recontruction. Corneas preserved in hypothermia showed a higher contamination rate. Adherence to postoperative treatment in patients with previous pterigium surgery is statistically related to the protocol. Amniotic membrane showed to have beneficial effects in its different formulations – liophylized and as a amniotic membrane extract eye drops.
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Díaz, Marugán Laura. "Eje cerebro-intestino en el ictus: estudio de Ia respuesta inmune, microbiota y barrera intestinal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669189.
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El eje cerebro-intestino es una comunicación bidireccional entre ambos órganos que incluye mediadores inmunológicos, nerviosos, endocrinos y respuesta microbiana. Una desregulación de esta comunicación podría estar detrás de enfermedades como la enfermedad de Párkinson, la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la depresión, o incluso el ictus o infarto cerebral. El ictus se produce por la interrupción brusca de la circulación sanguínea en una zona de cerebro, y es la primera causa de muerte en mujeres y primera causa de discapacidad adquirida en adultos. El campo de investigación de la relación cerebro- intestino en el contexto del ictus es reciente, con un aumento de las publicaciones en los
últimos cinco años. En estas investigaciones se ha constatado que el ictus es capaz de
modificar la composición bacteriana intestinal, que la alteración de la microbiota intestinal mediante intervención externa (como uso de tratamientos antibióticos o trasplantes fecales) puede modular la lesión cerebral vía respuesta inmune y que el ictus actúa sobre la integridad de la barrera intestinal. Dada la corta vida de este campo, quedan varios aspectos que abordar, resolver y aclarar, ya que entre las diferentes investigaciones hay resultados controvertidos y aspectos de la respuesta inmunológica en el intestino que no se conocen. Con el objetivo de esclarecer los efectos del ictus sobre el intestino, en esta tesis doctoral se han utilizado modelos experimentales de isquemia cerebral en ratón y se han analizado los cambios de las poblaciones celulares del sistema inmune después del ictus mediante citometría de flujo. Se ha estudiado el efecto de la isquemia cerebral sobre las poblaciones bacterianas intestinales mediante PCR cuantitativa y sus metabolitos por cromatografía de gases, y la regulación de las mismas mediante tratamientos para el bloqueo de la vía adrenérgica. Además, se ha estudiado la integridad física de la barrera intestinal mediante técnicas de análisis de permeabilidad in vivo y ex vivo. Los resultados muestran que después del ictus se produce un aumento a nivel de linfocitos intraepiteliales de células Tγδ, implicadas en el mantenimiento de la integridad de la barrera intestinal, además de un incremento de la citocina proinflamatoria IFNγ en ganglios mesentéricos, situación que se evita previo tratamiento con el β-bloqueante propranolol. De forma consistente, observamos un aumento de la familia de enterobacterias en muestras de heces y de ciego de los animales que habían sufrido un ictus, además de un aumento de la detección del número de colonias bacterianas en muestras de ganglios mesentéricos, situación no dependiente de la vía adrenérgica. En paralelo a estos resultados de translocación bacteriana, confirmamos presencia de bacterias bioluminiscentes procedentes del tracto intestinal en pulmones de animales isquémicos. Finalmente, también hemos comprobado que la isquemia aumenta la secreción iónica intestinal en tiempos cortos después del ictus, y que además podría producir pequeñas alteraciones de las uniones celulares del epitelio intestinal.The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication between both organs that includes immune, nervous, endocrine mediators and a microbial response. Disruptions in this communication could trigger diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, or even stroke, which is caused by the interruption of the brain blood circulation. The research between the gut and the brain in the context of stroke is recent, with most of the research performed in the last 4 years. As a consequence, there are several aspects to be addressed, resolved and clarified. In order to clarify the effects of stroke on the intestine, we performed the stroke experimental model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice and analysed changes in the intestinal immune system populations by flow cytometry. We also studied the effect of the cerebral ischemia on the gut bacteria and its metabolites by qPCR and gas chromatography, respectively, as well as its regulation by drug treatments. Furthermore, we identified changes in gut epithelial integrity trough in vivo and ex vivo permeability tests. Our results show an increase in intraepithelial γδ T cells, involved in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, in addition to an increase in the proinflammatory cytokine IFNγ in mesenteric lymph nodes, what ultimately is avoided after treatment with the β-blocker propranolol. Consistently, we observed an increase in the Enterobacteriaceae family in stool and cecum samples from stroke animals. In addition, we observed higher numbers of bacterial colonies in samples of mesenteric lymph nodes from stroke animal in comparison to control animals, a situation that was not dependent on the adrenergic pathway. This results suggested some bacterial translocation and, accordingly, we confirmed the presence of bioluminescent bacteria from the intestinal tract in the lungs of ischemic animals. Finally, we also detected alterations in the intestinal epithelium after stroke, such as an increase in intestinal ion secretion, and changes in the gut permeability, suggesting that ischemia could produce small alterations in the cellular junctions of the intestinal epithelium. These results show the relationship between the brain and the intestine after stroke and the possibility to regulate this response by pharmacological treatment.
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Grimes, Leanne M. "Using fruit fly eyes as membrane protein factories : expression of rat P2X2 and pannexin-1 in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/70779/.
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P2X receptors and pannexins (Panx) are eukaryotic ion channels that are implicated in a range of diseases and conditions including cancer, inflammation and pain sensation and as a result, are important therapeutic targets. Deducing their 3D-structures would enable the use of structure-based drug design to identify novel agonists or antagonists. However, solving eukaryotic membrane protein structures is a significant challenge due to the requirement for high yields of purified folded, functional protein, which are not readily obtainable with conventional over-expression systems. By using P2X receptors and pannexins as model ion channel targets, this thesis aims to test Drosophila melanogaster as a system for the over-expression and functional analysis of eukaryotic ion channels. A number of epitope-tagged P2X and Panx protein constructs were generated and first expressed in HEK-293 cells (rat P2X2-GFP, human P2X4-GFP, rat Panx1-GFP and human P2X4-int-CBD (chitin binding domain)) to allow their expression, glycosylation and oligomeric states to be investigated as markers of protein folding and quality. Subsequently, rat P2X2-GFP and rat Panx1-GFP constructs were successfully expressed in the photoreceptor cells of Drosophila melanogaster, where the photoreceptive membrane in the visual system is organised into a densely packed brush of microvilli, the rhabdomere. This system provides a large surface area of membrane for protein expression. Although the yields of purified protein were lower than expected, rat Panx1-GFP was successfully purified and used for low resolution structural studies with transmission electron microscopy. Rat P2X2-GFP was also expressed in the nervous system of Drosophila under control of a pan-neural, C155-Gal4 driver and was shown to be functional by measuring ATP-evoked action potentials using electrophysiological recordings of the Drosophila taste sensilla. This system was also used to test the activity of an adenosine nucleotide library of 80 compounds. Three nucleotides were identified that elicited responses similar to ATP; these were 2F-ATP, ATPαS and ATPγS.
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Dadgar, Ashraf. "Detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6011.
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Escherichia coli is a natural inhabitant of the intestines of both humans and animals, but there are also several pathogenic types of E. coli which cause disease in humans.
Strains of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) have been associated with outbreaks of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Most clinical signs of disease arise as a consequence of the production of shigatoxin 1 and 2 or combination of these toxins. Other major virulence factors include EHEC hemolysin and intimin, the product of the eae gene that is involved in attaching and effacing adherence phenotype. EHEC has also been associated with uncomplicated diarrhea.
The capacity to control EHEC disease and to limit the scale of outbreaks is dependent upon prompt diagnosis and identification of the source of infection.
The principal reservoirs of EHEC are cattle and food products, which presumably have come into contact with domestic animal manure and/or are inadequately pasteurised, these are important vehicles of infection.
In the present study, the PCR technique with primers detecting the verocytotoxin genes was shown to be a possible method to screen for and identify EHEC.
In summary stx genes were detected in 16 samples of 228 sampels and the eae gene was detected in 2 samples using PCR.
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Serenotti, Fernando. "A avaliação da secagem para redução de volume e inativação de microrganismos em lodo de ETE." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267075.
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Orientador: Meuris Gurgel Carlos da SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T14:49:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Serenotti_Fernando_D.pdf: 4169220 bytes, checksum: 8a060bd79b54b3181aca4449a7bf96f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: O lodo de esgoto, um dos principais componentes das águas residuárias geradas mundialmente, é um resíduo com alto conteúdo de umidade e grande carga de microrganismos. O uso da secagem apresenta-se como uma poderosa ferramenta na área ambiental devido a possibilidade de redução de volume e inativação microbiológica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o processo de secagem empregando um secador convectivo direto de fluxo ascendente, para redução de volume e inativação microbiológica de lodo de ETE. O lodo utilizado foi oriundo do tratamento primário da ETE - Tatu, da cidade de Limeira - SP. Foram desenvolvidos os seguintes estudos: determinação das características físico-químicas, ensaios de secagem a partir do planejamento experimental 3² em duplicata (duas variáveis - temperatura e vazão do ar de secagem, e três níveis) com análise estatística dos dados, a avaliação da redução de volume do lodo seco, ajuste de modelos matemáticos aos dados experimentais, verificação do efeito da sazonalidade do lodo de esgoto no processo de secagem, e avaliação da inativação microbiológica. Pelos resultados do trabalho verificou-se que as características físicoquímicas não sofreram alterações significativas antes e após o processo de secagem, e com isso, pode-se considerar que não ocorreu emissão atmosférica destes componentes. A cinética do processo de secagem se caracterizou inicialmente pelo período de aquecimento do material seguindo-se pelos períodos de secagem à taxa constante, 1.ª e 2.ª taxas decrescentes. O início do 2.º período de taxa decrescente foi marcado pela quebra ou fissura da torta, com aumento significativo da taxa de secagem, que é uma característica específica da secagem de materiais como o lodo. A análise estatística mostrou que a temperatura foi a variável mais significativa, indicando que o mecanismo de secagem do lodo de esgoto foi predominantemente difusivo. Contudo, devido o comportamento do 2.º período de secagem, os modelos difusivos não se ajustaram adequadamente, necessitando de modelos empíricos para descrever a 2.ª taxa decrescente. A redução de volume do material foi satisfatória, no caso cerca de 50%. A verificação da sazonalidade mostrou uma discreta diferença nos valores de pH e umidade inicial dos lodos estudados. As análises microbiológicas mostraram que após o tratamento térmico, houve a inativação microbiológica em praticamente todas as condições de processo estudadas, sendo o binômio tempo de exposição - temperatura o fator predominante para a esterilização e desinfecção do lodo de ETE. Com os resultados obtidos é possível considerar que o processo de secagem deste trabalho apresenta bom potencial de aplicação como tratamento de lodo de ETE, mas também de outros materiais que possuam características similares. Palavras-chave: secagem, lodo de esgoto, redução de volume, inativação microbiológica.
Abstract: Sludge, one of the main components of wastewater generated worldwide, is a waste with great quantity of moisture and microorganisms. The usage of drying has been a powerful tool in the environmental area due to the possibility of reduction of volume and microbiological inactivation. The present study aims to assess the drying process using an upflow direct convection dryer to reduce sludge volume and microbiological inactivation of Sludge Treatment Plants (STP). The used sludge has been taken from the primary treatment of STP - Tatu, city of Limeira, São Paulo. The following studies have been carried out: determination of physicochemical characteristics, drying experiments from the experimental design 3² in duplicate (two variables - temperature and drying air flow, and three levels) with statistical analysis of data, assessment of volume reduction of dried sludge, fitting of mathematical models to experimental data, verification of the effect of the seasonality of the sludge in the drying process, and assessment of microbiological inactivation. With the results of this study it could be verified that the physicochemical characteristics have not suffered significant changes nor before neither after the drying process, therefore, it can be said that atmospheric emission of these components have not occurred. The kinetics of the drying process was initially characterized by the heating period of the material followed by the drying periods of constant rate, first and second falling rates. The beginning of the second period of falling rate was marked by the cake break or fissure with the significant increase of the drying rate which is a specific characteristic of the drying of materials such as sludge. The statistic analysis has shown that the temperature was the most significant variable indicating that the sludge drying mechanism has predominantly been diffusive. However, due to the behavior of the second period of drying, the diffusive models did not adjust adequately, being necessary the use of empiric models to describe the second falling rate. The reduction of material volume was satisfactory, 50%, in this case. The verification of the seasonality has shown a discrete difference in the pH values and in the moisture content of the studied sludge. The microbiological analyses showed that after the thermal treatment there was microbiological inactivation practically in all the studied conditions of the process, being the binomial time of exposition - temperature the predominant factor for the sterilization and disinfection of sludge of STP. With the obtained results it is possible to consider that the drying process of this study shows a good potential of application for sludge treatment of STP, and also for other materials that have similar characteristics.
Doutorado
Engenharia de Processos
Doutor em Engenharia Química
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Ito, Célia Regina Malveste. "A avaliação do efeito de antissépticos na superfície ocular e o papel da gentamicina no controle microbiano de córneas doadas." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8115.
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Decontamination of the surface of the donor eyeballs is part of the operational norms that eye banks advocate before preservation, and antisepsis procedures are effective, ensuring greater transplantation safety. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antiseptic effect in reducing the microbiota of the ocular globe of donors of corneas prior to enucleation, with 5% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) and 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate (GC), In the action times of 5, 10 and 15 minutes, as well as the susceptibility profile of the microbiota isolated from gentamicin. Thirty pairs of corneas received antiseptics, with PVP-I in the right eye and GC in the left, and for each time of action 10 pairs of eyeballs were used. Swabs were collected from the ocular surface before application of the solutions, after and at the time of preservation of the corneal tissue, to evaluate the reduction of the microbiota. After identification of the microbiota, an antibiogram test was performed with gentamicin. The data were computed and evaluated by Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, T-test and McNemar test paired, and the statistical significance level was 5% (p <0.05). In the second collection, after antisepsis, there was a reduction of 39,5% in the total of gram positive bacteria (G +), and of 76,5% in the gram negative (G-) bacteria, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.183), which demonstrated that the bacterial elimination capacity of the antiseptics was similar. It was observed that, in the second collection, both were more effective for G-, with a statistically significant difference (p <0.001), than for G +, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.494). In the third collection, after the residual effect of the antiseptics, there was a reduction of 99.1% of all the microorganisms. In the antibiogram test, 88% of the isolated microorganisms were sensitive to gentamicin. It was concluded that the use of antiseptics is essential for the effective decontamination of donated corneas prior to preservation. The residual time of the antiseptics increased the decontamination power of PVP-I and GC, being similar in reducing the microbiota of the ocular globe of the donor of corneas. Gentamycin contained in the cornea preservation medium complements the antisepsis of the donated tissues.
A descontaminação da superfície dos globos oculares doados são normas operacionais que os bancos de olhos preconizam antes da preservação e os procedimentos de antissepsia são eficazes, garantindo uma maior segurança ao transplante. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito antisséptico na redução da microbiota do globo ocular de doadores de córneas antes da enucleação, com o povidona-iodo (PVP-I) a 5% e gluconato de clorexidina (GC) a 0,05%, nos tempos de ação de 5, 10 e 15 minutos, bem como o perfil de susceptibilidade da microbiota isolada à gentamicina. Trinta pares de córneas receberam antissépticos, sendo o PVP-I no olho direito e o GC no esquerdo, e para cada tempo de ação foram utilizados 10 pares de globos oculares. Foram colhidos swabs da superfície ocular antes da aplicação das soluções, após e no momento da preservação do tecido corneano, para avaliar a redução da microbiota. Após identificação da microbiota, foi realizado teste de antibiograma com gentamicina. Os dados foram computados e avaliados pelos testes Qui-Quadrado ou Exato de Fisher, teste T e Teste McNemar pareado, e o nível de significância estatística foi (p<0,05). Com relação aos dados obtidos na segunda coleta, após o uso de antissépticos, houve uma redução de 39,5% no total de bactérias gram positivas (G+) e de 76,5% nas gram negativas (G-), não havendo diferença estatística significativa (p=0,183), sendo semelhante a capacidade de eliminação bacteriana dos antissépticos. Observa-se que, na segunda coleta, ambos foram mais eficazes para as G-, com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001), do que para as G+, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=0,494). Na terceira coleta, após o efeito residual dos antissépticos, houve redução de 99,1% de todos os micro-organismos. No teste de antibiograma, 88% dos micro-organismos isolados foram sensíveis à gentamicina. Concluiu-se que o uso de antissépticos é essencial para a efetiva descontaminação das córneas doadas antes da preservação. O tempo residual dos antissépticos aumentou o poder de descontaminação do PVP-I e GC, sendo semelhantes na redução da microbiota do globo ocular do doador de córneas. A gentamicina contida no meio de preservação de córnea complementa a antissepsia dos tecidos doados.
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Assumpção, Gustavo Lacerda Homem [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos padrões de susceptibilidade antimicrobianas e sorogrupos de cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de bovinos leiteiros, portadoras e não portadoras dos genes stx1, stx2 e eae." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94796.
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000738835.pdf: 2748761 bytes, checksum: dcad72914370b9d270982eb35f883ae3 (MD5)O presente estudo foi realizado no período de janeiro de 2012 a janeiro de 2013 em fazendas leiteiras da região de Dracena, São Paulo. Durante o período, foram coletadas 800 amostras de fezes com suabes retais em vacas leiteiras. Essas amostras foram levadas para o Laboratório de Microbiologia do Campus Experimental de Dracena, onde foram isoladas e identificadas 561 amostras para Escherichia coli. Após o isolamento foram extraídos os DNAs de todas as amostras pelo método da fervura e por PCR o DNA foi amplificado para se detectar a presença dos genes de virulência de E. coli pertencentes ao grupo STEC, produtora de toxina tipo shiga em 446 amostras. De todas as cepas isoladas 90 eram portadoras do gene stx1, 97 do gene stx2, 45 do gene eae, 37 dos genes stx1 e stx2, 110 dos genes stx1 e eae e 67 dos genes stx2 e eae. Foram isoladas também 115 cepas que não eram portadoras de nenhum dos genes de virulência de STECs do estudo. Todos os isolados de E. coli portadores de cada gene de virulência foram avaliados quanto a resistência frente a 10 antimicrobianos. Os percentuais de resistências aos antimicrobianos foram maiores para a lincomicina, penicilina e novobiocina e menores para ampicilina, neomicina e tetraciclina. Foram identificados os sorogrupos, dos quais os mais frequentes entre os isolados portadores do gene de virulência stx1 foram o O119 e O114; do gene de virulência stx2 foram os sorogrupos O9 e O8; e do gene de virulência eae foram os sorogrupos O9, O8 e O127. Todos os isolados de E. coli apresentaram multirresistência e a maioria apresentou maior percentagem de multirresistência contra 2 a 3 e contra 10 antimicrobianos. Não foi verificado estatisticamente relação entre os padrões de virulência e os padrões de resistência aos antimicrobianos entre as amostras
The present study was conducted between january 2012 to january 2013 on dairy farms of Dracena city region, São Paulo. During the period, 800 samples of faeces were collected with rectal suabs from dairy cattle cows. Those samples were taken to the laboratory of microbiology of Dracena Experimental Campus, where 561 samples were isolated and identified for Escherichia coli. After the DNA from the samples were extracted by the boiling method and with PCR the genetic material was amplified to detect the presence of virulence genes from STEC, shiga-like toxin producer E. coli, on 446 samples. Of those samples, 90 were carriers of the stx1 gene, 97 of the gene stx2, 45 of the gene eae, 37 of the genes stx1 and stx2, 110 of the genes stx1 and eae, 67 of the genes stx2 and eae. Also were isolated 115 samples that did not carry none of the virulence genes from STECs of the study. All the E. coli isolates of each virulence gene were evaluated for resistence to 10 antibiotics. The percentual of resistence were higher for lincomycin, penicillin and novobiocin and lower for ampicillin, neomycin and tetracycline. A serogroup test was made, of which the most frequent among isolates carrying the virulence gene stx1 were O119 and O114; of the gene stx2 were serogroups O8 and O9; and of the gene eae were the serogroups O9, O8 and O127. All the E. coli isolates presented multirresistence and most isolates presented more percentage of multirresistence against 2 to 3 and against 10 antibiotics. Was not verified statistically relationship between virulence patterns and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among the samples
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Assumpção, Gustavo Lacerda Homem. "Avaliação dos padrões de susceptibilidade antimicrobianas e sorogrupos de cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de bovinos leiteiros, portadoras e não portadoras dos genes stx1, stx2 e eae /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94796.
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Orientador: Everlon Cid RigobeloBanca: Hélio José Montassier
Banca: José Carlos Rende
Resumo: O presente estudo foi realizado no período de janeiro de 2012 a janeiro de 2013 em fazendas leiteiras da região de Dracena, São Paulo. Durante o período, foram coletadas 800 amostras de fezes com suabes retais em vacas leiteiras. Essas amostras foram levadas para o Laboratório de Microbiologia do Campus Experimental de Dracena, onde foram isoladas e identificadas 561 amostras para Escherichia coli. Após o isolamento foram extraídos os DNAs de todas as amostras pelo método da fervura e por PCR o DNA foi amplificado para se detectar a presença dos genes de virulência de E. coli pertencentes ao grupo STEC, produtora de toxina tipo shiga em 446 amostras. De todas as cepas isoladas 90 eram portadoras do gene stx1, 97 do gene stx2, 45 do gene eae, 37 dos genes stx1 e stx2, 110 dos genes stx1 e eae e 67 dos genes stx2 e eae. Foram isoladas também 115 cepas que não eram portadoras de nenhum dos genes de virulência de STECs do estudo. Todos os isolados de E. coli portadores de cada gene de virulência foram avaliados quanto a resistência frente a 10 antimicrobianos. Os percentuais de resistências aos antimicrobianos foram maiores para a lincomicina, penicilina e novobiocina e menores para ampicilina, neomicina e tetraciclina. Foram identificados os sorogrupos, dos quais os mais frequentes entre os isolados portadores do gene de virulência stx1 foram o O119 e O114; do gene de virulência stx2 foram os sorogrupos O9 e O8; e do gene de virulência eae foram os sorogrupos O9, O8 e O127. Todos os isolados de E. coli apresentaram multirresistência e a maioria apresentou maior percentagem de multirresistência contra 2 a 3 e contra 10 antimicrobianos. Não foi verificado estatisticamente relação entre os padrões de virulência e os padrões de resistência aos antimicrobianos entre as amostras
Abstract: The present study was conducted between january 2012 to january 2013 on dairy farms of Dracena city region, São Paulo. During the period, 800 samples of faeces were collected with rectal suabs from dairy cattle cows. Those samples were taken to the laboratory of microbiology of Dracena Experimental Campus, where 561 samples were isolated and identified for Escherichia coli. After the DNA from the samples were extracted by the boiling method and with PCR the genetic material was amplified to detect the presence of virulence genes from STEC, shiga-like toxin producer E. coli, on 446 samples. Of those samples, 90 were carriers of the stx1 gene, 97 of the gene stx2, 45 of the gene eae, 37 of the genes stx1 and stx2, 110 of the genes stx1 and eae, 67 of the genes stx2 and eae. Also were isolated 115 samples that did not carry none of the virulence genes from STECs of the study. All the E. coli isolates of each virulence gene were evaluated for resistence to 10 antibiotics. The percentual of resistence were higher for lincomycin, penicillin and novobiocin and lower for ampicillin, neomycin and tetracycline. A serogroup test was made, of which the most frequent among isolates carrying the virulence gene stx1 were O119 and O114; of the gene stx2 were serogroups O8 and O9; and of the gene eae were the serogroups O9, O8 and O127. All the E. coli isolates presented multirresistence and most isolates presented more percentage of multirresistence against 2 to 3 and against 10 antibiotics. Was not verified statistically relationship between virulence patterns and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among the samples
Mestre
Books on the topic "Eye – Microbiology"
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Clinical manual of ocular microbiology and cytology. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 1993.
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Gray, Larry D. Laboratory diagnosis of ocular infections. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2011.
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Susan, Stenson, ed. External infections of the eye: Bacterial, viral, mycotic with noninfectious and immunologic diseases ; forewords by Goodwin M. Breinin. 3rd ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1985.
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J, Bron Anthony, and Hay John, eds. Ocular infection: Investigation and treatment in practice. [London]: Martin Dunitz ; [St. Louis, 1998.
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A, Byrne Kathleen, ed. Diagnostic microbiology and cytology of the eye. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995.
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L, Mandell Gerald, and Bleck Thomas P. 1951-, eds. Central nervous system and eye infections. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 1995.
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Fedukowicz, Helena Biantovskaya, and Susan Stenson. External Infections of the Eye: Bacterial, Viral, Mycotic With Noninfectious and Immunologic Diseases. 3rd ed. Appleton & Lange, 1985.
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Hay, John, David V. Seal, and Anthony J. Bron. Ocular Infection: Management and treatment in practice. Informa Healthcare, 1998.
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Matthews, Philippa C. Nematodes (roundworms). Edited by Philippa C. Matthews. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737773.003.0014.
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This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, maps, and tables to summarize human nematode (‘roundworm’) infections, starting with a classification of relevant organisms. The chapter then goes on to cover Ascaris, Trichinella, Enterobius (‘pin worm’), Trichuris (‘whip worm’), Necator and Ancylostoma (‘hook worms’), and Strongyloides (‘thread worm’). The chapter concludes with a section dedicated to filarial infection, including lymphatic filariasis, Loa Loa (‘eye worm’), Onchocerca volvulus (‘river blindness’), and Dracunculus (‘Guinea worm’). For ease of reference, each topic is broken down into sections, including classification, epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Book chapters on the topic "Eye – Microbiology"
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AlRyalat, Saif Aldeen Saleh. "Basics of Microbiology for Ophthalmology Board Exams." In Eye Yield, 237–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2968-6_21.
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Craft, David W., and Wallace H. Greene. "Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory." In The Infected Eye, 215–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42840-6_10.
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Langdon, Berenice C., and Aodhán S. Breathnach. "Eye." In Learning Microbiology through Clinical Consultation, 139–46. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719847.003.0008.
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Goering, Richard V., Hazel M. Dockrell, Derek Wakelin, Mark Zuckerman, Peter L. Chiodini, Ivan M. Roitt, and Cedric Mims. "Infections of the eye." In Mims' Medical Microbiology, 351–55. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-04475-2.50029-7.
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Shanson, D. C. "‘ENT’ and eye infections." In Microbiology in Clinical Practice, 264–79. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7236-1403-6.50020-x.
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"The Eye and the Respiratory Tract Specimen." In Medical Microbiology Testing in Primary Care, 129–50. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15133-9.
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Kadambari, Seilesh. "Case 40." In Oxford Case Histories in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, edited by Katie Jeffery, 277–80. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198846482.003.0040.
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Neonatal herpes is a rare but serious viral infection and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Neonatal herpes is classified as either disease localized to skin, eye, and mouth (SEM), central nervous system disease (CNS), or disseminated infection with multiple organ involvement. More than 80% of neonates with SEM have skin vesicles. Disseminated infection should be considered in neonates with sepsis-like syndrome, severe hepatic dysfunction, or coagulation abnormalities. Infants with disseminated and SEM disease typically present within the first 2 weeks of life and infants with CNS disease within the second and third week of life.
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"Infections of the Skin and Eyes." In Microbiology, 658–77. Garland Science, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203833513-38.
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"Infections of the Skin and Eyes." In Microbiology, 679–98. Garland Science, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429258701-41.
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Yu, T. R. "Introduction." In Chemistry of Variable Charge Soils. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097450.003.0004.
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The constitution and properties of soils have their macroscopic and microscopic aspects. Macroscopically, the profile of a soil consists of several horizons, each containing numerous aggregates and blocks of soil particles of different sizes. These structures are visible to the naked eye. Microscopically, a soil is composed of many kinds of minerals and organic matter interlinked in a complex manner. In addition, a soil is always inhabited by numerous microorganisms which can be observed by modern scientific instruments. To study these various aspects, several branches of soil science, such as soil geography, soil mineralogy, and soil microbiology, have been developed. If examined on a more minute scale, it can be found that most of the chemical reactions in a soil occur at the interface between soil colloidal surface and solution or in the solution adjacent to this interface. This is because these colloidal surfaces carry negative as well as positive charges, thus reacting with ions, protons, and electrons of the solution. The presence of surface charge is the basic cause of the fertility of a soil and is also the principal criterion that distinguishes soil from pure sand. The chief objective of soil chemical research is to deal with the interactions among charged particles (colloids, ions, protons, electrons) and their chemical consequences in soils. As depicted in Fig. 1.1, these charged particles are closely interrelated. The surface charge of soil colloids is the basic reason that a soil possesses a series of chemical properties. At present, considerable knowledge has been accumulated about the permanent charge of soils. On the other hand, our understanding is still at an early stage about the mechanisms and the affecting factors of variable charge. The quantity of surface charge determines the amount of ions that a soil can adsorb, whereas the surface charge density is the determining factor of adsorbing strength for these ions. Because of the complexities in the composition of soils, the distribution of positive and negative charges is uneven on the surface of soil colloidal particles. Insight into the origin and the distribution of these charges should contribute to a sound foundation of the surface chemistry of soils.
Conference papers on the topic "Eye – Microbiology"
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Miliwebsky, Elizabeth, Carolina Carbonari, Cristina Lema, Marta Rivas, and Isabel Chinen. "Detection of the Specific Recognition Site for the Intestinal Elastase-Stx2D Activation, by Pcr and Sequencing Methods, in Stec Eae-Negative Isolates of Different Origin in Argentina." In XII Latin American Congress on Food Microbiology and Hygiene. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/foodsci-microal-242.
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