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Journal articles on the topic 'Eye – Microbiology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Armstrong, R. A. "The microbiology of the eye." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 20, no. 6 (November 2000): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2000.tb01121.x.

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2

Armstrong, R. A. "The microbiology of the eye." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 20, no. 6 (November 2000): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1475-1313.2000.00562.x.

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3

Gerding, Paul A., and Ibulaimu Kakoma. "Microbiology of the Canine and Feline Eye." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 20, no. 3 (May 1990): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(90)50053-4.

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4

Seale, D. V. "Diagnostic Microbiology and Cytology of the Eye." Journal of Clinical Pathology 49, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.49.7.616-b.

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5

Ishikawa, Hiroto, Kazutaka Uchida, Yoshio Takesue, Junya Mori, Takamasa Kinoshita, Shohei Morikawa, Fumiki Okamoto, et al. "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in 314 Japanese Patients with Bacterial Endophthalmitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study from J-CREST." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040390.

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Bacterial endophthalmitis is an intraocular infection that causes rapid vison loss. Pathogens can infect the intraocular space directly (exogenous endophthalmitis (ExE)) or indirectly (endogenous endophthalmitis (EnE)). To identify predictive factors for the visual prognosis of Japanese patients with bacterial endophthalmitis, we retrospectively examined the bacterial endophthalmitis characteristics of 314 Japanese patients and performed statistics using these clinical data. Older patients, with significantly more severe clinical symptoms, were prevalent in the ExE group compared with the EnE group. However, the final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was not significantly different between the ExE and EnE groups. Bacteria isolated from patients were not associated with age, sex, or presence of eye symptoms. Genus Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus were more prevalent in ExE patients than EnE patients and contributed to poor final BCVA. The presence of eye pain, bacterial identification, and poor BCVA at baseline were risk factors for final visual impairment.
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6

Hibberd, Patricia L., and Ann Sullivan Baker. "Dangers of "Eye-to-Eye" Contact." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 10, no. 3 (March 1989): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30105106.

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7

Hibberd, Patricia L., and Ann Sullivan Baker. "Dangers of "Eye-to-Eye" Contact." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 10, no. 3 (March 1989): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/645974.

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8

Wilhelmus, Kirk R. "The Red Eye." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 2, no. 1 (March 1988): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5520(20)30168-9.

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9

Kumar Sahu, Srikant, Sujata Das, Savitri Sharma, and Kalyani Sahu. "Clinico-Microbiological Profile and Treatment Outcome of Infectious Scleritis: Experience from a Tertiary Eye Care Center of India." International Journal of Inflammation 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/753560.

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Medical and microbiology records of seventeen patients (17 eyes), diagnosed as scleritis of infectious origin were reviewed; to study clinical features, predisposing risk factors, microbiologic profile and treatment outcome of infectious scleritis. The mean patient age was52.3±19.75years. Twelve patients (70.6%) had history of trauma/prior surgery. Isolated organisms includedStaphylococcusspecies (spp)(n=5), Fungus(n=4),Nocardiaspp(n=3), two each of atypicalMycobacteriumspp andStreptococcus pneumoniaeand onePseudomonas aeruginosa. Treatment included intensive topical antimicrobial in all eyes and systemic medication in 15 (88.2%) patients; surgical exploration was needed for 13 (76.5%) patients and scleral patch graft was done in four (23.5%) patients. Lesions resolved in all patients and none required evisceration. The presenting log MAR visual acuity of1.77±1.40and improved to0.99±0.91.(P≤0.039)after treatment with a mean follow up of22.57±19.53weeks. A microbiological confirmation, appropriate medical and/or surgical intervention has a good tectonic and visual outcome.
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10

Singh, A., K. Tripathy, N. Gupta, P. Kale, N. Verma, and BR Mirdha. "Phthirus pubis in the eye." Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 34, no. 3 (July 2016): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.188384.

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11

&NA;. "Eye and ear infections." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 3, no. 4 (August 1990): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-199008000-00024.

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12

Breedlove, Byron, and Richard Bradbury. "A Worm’s Eye View." Emerging Infectious Diseases 24, no. 8 (August 2018): 1602–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2408.ac2408.

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13

Hammerschlag, Margaret R. "Chlamydial Conjunctivitis of the Newborn (Pink eye. sticky eye)." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 12, no. 5 (May 1993): 423–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199305000-00031.

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14

Ng, Jonathon, Jianghong Li, Nigel Morlet, and James Semmens. "Experience with Coding Accuracy for Endophthalmitis." Health Information Management 31, no. 2 (June 2003): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830303100204.

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The Endophthalmitis Population Study of Western Australia aims to investigate the epidemiology of endophthalmitis, a potentially sight-threatening infection of the internal eye, in Western Australia in 1980–1998. Cases of endophthalmitis were identified from coded hospital discharge data, surgeon logbooks, and hospital microbiology and anaesthetic databases. This process uncovered not only widespread miscoding for endophthalmitis, but also systematic misuse of the endophthalmitis codes for external eye infections. The level of miscoding and code misuse has improved since the mid-1990s, and probably reflects the introduction of coding standards and trained coders into the Western Australian health system.
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15

Agarwal, Prateek, Ivana Romac Coc, and Samuel Edward Navon. "Importance of clinical signs leading to the diagnosis in a case of microbiological smear negative ocular microsporidiosis." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 2 (February 2019): e228407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-228407.

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A 28-year-old patient presented to us with multifocal coarse raised epithelial lesions in the left eye associated with pain watering redness and blurred vision with a visual acuity of 20/40 in the left eye. The patient had been managed elsewhere with a course of topical moxifloxacin eye-drops four times a day and topical steroids (prednisolone acetate) 1% three times a day for 2 weeks without any resolution, which was stopped 2 days ago prior to presentation at our centre. Gram stain was negative for bacteria as well as microsporidial spores. 10% KOH was negative for fungal hyphae. Based on strong clinical signs of corneal microsporidiosis, in spite of the negative microbiology smear, the patient was started on voriconazole eye-drops five times a day. The lesions started resolving in 5 days and completely healed after 17 days of therapy. No relevant history pertaining to exposure of contaminated water, swimming or history of trauma could be elicited.
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16

Zhong, Yueyang, Kai Wang, Yanan Zhu, Danni Lyu, and Ke Yao. "COVID-19 and the Eye." Journal of Infection 81, no. 2 (August 2020): e122-e123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.054.

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17

Haustein, T., M. Lawes, E. Harris, and P. L. Chiodini. "An eye-catching acanthocephalan." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 16, no. 6 (June 2010): 787–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02896.x.

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18

Chan, Kian Sing, and Tse Hsien Koh. "Microsporidian Eye Infection from Outdoor Recreational Activities." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 2 (January 23, 2015): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.03192-14.

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19

Dorko, E., E. Pilipčinec, M. Mahel', S. Virágová, I. Bračoková, F. Dorko, E. Švický, et al. "Yeast-like microorganisms in eye infections." Folia Microbiologica 46, no. 2 (April 2001): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02873594.

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20

Diriba, Kuma, Tesfaye Kassa, Yared Alemu, and Sisay Bekele. "In Vitro Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria from Suspected External Eye Infected Patients Attending Ophthalmology Clinic, Southwest Ethiopia." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (March 19, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8472395.

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Background. Ocular disease with its complications is a major public health problem which has significant impacts on the quality of life particularly in developing countries. An eye infection due to bacterial agents can lead to reduced vision and blindness. This study was aimed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and biofilm-forming potential of bacteria isolated from suspected external eye infected patients in Jimma. Method. A cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted on 319 suspect patients with external eye infections from March to June 2017 at Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) Ophthalmology Department in Ethiopia. External ocular specimens were collected and standard operating procedures were followed to handle and culture throughout the study period. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Microtiter (96 wells) plate method was used to screen biofilm formation by ELISA reader at 570 nm. Results. Out of 319 study participants with an external eye infection, the prevalence of bacterial pathogens was 46.1%. The predominant bacterial isolates were coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) (27.7%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19.7%). Among Gram-negative groups, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.8%) was the leading isolate. Increased antimicrobial resistance was observed for tetracycline (64%), erythromycin (66.7%), and penicillin (77.1%). Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were the most effective drugs for external eye infections due to susceptibility ranging from 70 to 100% among both Gram-negative and Gram-positive groups. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 13.8%. Multidrug resistance (MDR) accounted for 68.7%. The overall biofilm formation rate of bacterial ocular pathogens was 66.1%, where P. aeruginosa (40%), CoNS (34.1%), and S. aureus (31%) formed strong biofilm phenotype. Conclusion. The prevalence rate of bacterial isolates was high. Almost all bacterial isolates were resistant to at least one or more drugs. MDR pathogens were observed increasingly among biofilm formers or vice versa.
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21

Petrillo, Francesco, Veronica Folliero, Biagio Santella, Gianluigi Franci, Francesco Foglia, Maria C. Trotta, Maria T. Della Rocca, Teresio Avitabile, Caterina Gagliano, and Marilena Galdiero. "Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Ocular Bacterial Strains Isolated from Pediatric Patients in University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (July 27, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8847812.

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Eye infections caused by bacteria are a serious public health problem among pediatric patients. These diseases, if not properly treated, can cause blindness and impaired vision. The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the main pathogens involved in eye infections. This study involved pediatric patients enrolled at the “Luigi Vanvitelli” University Hospital of Campania in Naples, Italy, between 2017 and 2019. Of a total of 228 pediatric patients, 73 (32%) tested positive for bacterial infection. In terms of strain distribution, 85% were Gram-positive bacteria, while 15% were Gram-negative bacteria. The most frequently isolated strains were coagulase-negative Staphylococci (60.4%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.4%). The isolated bacteria showed a significant percentage of resistance to multiple antibiotics. Therefore, the identification of the causal bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity tests are mandatory to select the effective drug for the treatment of eye infections and prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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22

Bitko, Vira, Alla Musiyenko, and Sailen Barik. "Viral Infection of the Lungs through the Eye." Journal of Virology 81, no. 2 (October 18, 2006): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01437-06.

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ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the foremost respiratory pathogen in newborns and claims millions of lives annually. However, there has been no methodical study of the pathway(s) of entry of RSV or its interaction with nonrespiratory tissues. We and others have recently established a significant association between allergic conjunctivitis and the presence of RSV in the eye. Here we adopt a BALB/c mouse model and demonstrate that when instilled in the live murine eye, RSV not only replicated robustly in the eye but also migrated to the lung and produced a respiratory disease that is indistinguishable from the standard, nasally acquired RSV disease. Ocularly applied synthetic anti-RSV small interfering RNA prevented infection of the eye as well as the lung. RSV infection of the eye activated a plethora of ocular cytokines and chemokines with profound relevance to inflammation of the eye. Anticytokine treatments in the eye reduced ocular inflammation but had no effect on viral growth in both eye and lung, demonstrating a role of the cytokine response in ocular pathology. These results establish the eye as a major gateway of respiratory infection and a respiratory virus as a bona fide eye pathogen, thus offering novel intervention and treatment options.
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23

Flowers, Charles W. "Managing Eye Infections in Older Adults." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 7, no. 9 (December 1998): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019048-199812000-00005.

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24

Tamrat, Lemlem, Yeshigeta Gelaw, Getenet Beyene, and Addisu Gize. "Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Resistance in Use of Ophthalmic Solutions at the Department of Ophthalmology, Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2019 (April 15, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5372530.

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Background. Eye drops are most frequently used medications in ophthalmology. The carriage of pathogenic organisms to eyes through the agency of eye drops has presented a serious problem for several decades. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of contamination and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of in-use ophthalmic solutions. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH), Southwest Ethiopia, from June to December 2015. Samples from all ophthalmic solutions from outpatient department, operation theaters, and wards after an average duration of use of two weeks were taken. Samples were cultured and organisms were identified; antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using standard microbial identification techniques. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Chi-square test was done and associations were taken as significant if P<0.05. Result. The rate of contamination of eye drops in the study setup was found to be 51/70 (72.8%). Frequency of contamination of eye drops found was to be statistically associated with the duration of use of eye drops. Contaminations of eye drops were high among patients who self-administer the medications and those individuals who apply the medication less frequently. Tips of the bottles were more often contaminated than the content of the eye drop. Majority of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms were sensitive for most of the broad-spectrum antibiotics; however, there were a significant number of Gram-negative organisms resistant to almost all antibiotics used. Conclusion. There is high rate of contamination of eye drops in the setup (72.8%). Duration of use of eye drops is a significant factor associated with contamination. Knowing duration time of each container and patient education on eye drop administration technique are mandatory.
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25

Magee, J. T. "Forsaking the tome--a worms eye view of taxonomy." Journal of Medical Microbiology 39, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00222615-39-6-401.

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26

Evans, Kevin Gregory, and Richard G. Weleber. "An eye for an eye: New models of genetic ocular disease." Nature Biotechnology 15, no. 10 (October 1997): 947–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1097-947.

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27

Ankri, Serge. "Entamoeba histolytica—Gut Microbiota Interaction: More Than Meets the Eye." Microorganisms 9, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030581.

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Amebiasis is a disease caused by the unicellular parasite Entamoeba histolytica. In most cases, the infection is asymptomatic but when symptomatic, the infection can cause dysentery and invasive extraintestinal complications. In the gut, E. histolytica feeds on bacteria. Increasing evidences support the role of the gut microbiota in the development of the disease. In this review we will discuss the consequences of E. histolytica infection on the gut microbiota. We will also discuss new evidences about the role of gut microbiota in regulating the resistance of the parasite to oxidative stress and its virulence.
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28

Walther, Grit, Serena Stasch, Kerstin Kaerger, Axel Hamprecht, Mathias Roth, Oliver A. Cornely, Gerd Geerling, Colin R. Mackenzie, Oliver Kurzai, and Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal. "Fusarium Keratitis in Germany." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 10 (July 26, 2017): 2983–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00649-17.

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ABSTRACT Fusarium keratitis is a destructive eye infection that is difficult to treat and results in poor outcome. In tropical and subtropical areas, the infection is relatively common and associated with trauma or chronic eye diseases. However, in recent years, an increased incidence has been reported in temperate climate regions. At the German National Reference Center, we have observed a steady increase in case numbers since 2014. Here, we present the first German case series of eye infections with Fusarium species. We identified Fusarium isolates from the eye or eye-related material from 22 patients in 2014 and 2015. Thirteen isolates belonged to the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), 6 isolates belonged to the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC), and three isolates belonged to the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC). FSSC was isolated in 13 of 15 (85%) definite infections and FOSC in 3 of 4 (75%) definite contaminations. Furthermore, diagnosis from contact lens swabs or a culture of contact lens solution turned out to be highly unreliable. FSSC isolates differed from FOSC and FFSC by a distinctly higher MIC for terbinafine. Outcome was often adverse, with 10 patients requiring keratoplasty or enucleation. The use of natamycin as the most effective agent against keratitis caused by filamentous fungi was rare in Germany, possibly due to restricted availability. Keratitis caused by Fusarium spp. (usually FSSC) appears to be a relevant clinical problem in Germany, with the use of contact lenses as the predominant risk factor. Its outcome is often adverse.
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29

Hulth, Anette, Yvonne Andersson, Kjell-Olof Hedlund, and Mikael Andersson. "Eye-Opening Approach to Norovirus Surveillance." Emerging Infectious Diseases 16, no. 8 (August 2010): 1319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1608.100093.

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30

Paraense, W. Lobato. "A bird's eye survey of central american planorbid molluscs." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 98, no. 1 (January 2003): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762003000100008.

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31

Babady, N. E., E. Awender, R. Geller, T. Miller, G. Scheetz, H. Arguello, S. A. Weisenberg, and B. Pritt. "Enterobius vermicularis in a 14-Year-Old Girl's Eye." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 49, no. 12 (September 28, 2011): 4369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.05475-11.

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32

Fox, Jeffrey L. "Regulators Eye Hematopoietic Factors." Nature Biotechnology 7, no. 7 (July 1989): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0789-653.

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33

Welikson, Robert E. "In a fly's eye." Nature Biotechnology 16, no. 7 (July 1998): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0798-630.

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34

Doern, Christopher D., and Celeste Stewart-Profitt. "A Corynebacterium That Will Take Your Eye!" Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 41, no. 4 (February 2019): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2019.01.007.

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35

Domínguez–Varela, Irving Armando, Luis Alberto Rodríguez–Gutiérrez, Nallely Rubí Morales-Mancillas, Maximiliano Barrera–Sánchez, Yolanda Macías-Rodríguez, and Jorge Eugenio Valdez-García. "COVID-19 and the eye: a review." Infectious Diseases 53, no. 6 (February 10, 2021): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2021.1882697.

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36

Labetoulle, M., P. Kucera, G. Ugolini, F. Lafay, E. Frau, H. Offret, and Anne Flamand. "Neuronal pathways for the propagation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from one retina to the other in a murine model." Microbiology 81, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 1201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-5-1201.

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Herpetic retinitis in humans is characterized by a high frequency of bilateral localization. In order to determine the possible mechanisms leading to bilateral retinitis, we studied the pathways by which herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is propagated from one retina to the other after intravitreal injection in mice. HSV-1 strain SC16 (90 p.f.u.) was injected into the vitreous body of the left eye of BALB/c mice. Animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days post-inoculation (p.i.). Histological sections were studied by immunochemical staining. Primary retinitis in the inoculated eye (beginning 1 day p.i.) was followed by contralateral retinitis (in the uninoculated eye) starting at 3 days p.i. Infected neurons of central visual pathway nuclei (lateral geniculate nuclei, suprachiasmatic nuclei and pretectal areas) were detected at 4 days p.i. Iris and ciliary body infection was minimal early on, but became extensive thereafter and was accompanied by the infection of connected sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. The pattern of virus propagation over time suggests that the onset of contralateral retinitis was mediated by local (non-synaptic) transfer in the optic chiasm from infected to uninfected axons of the optic nerves. Later, retinopetal transneuronal propagation of the virus from visual pathways may have contributed to increase the severity of contralateral retinitis.
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37

Zaidi, Tanweer S., Jeffrey Lyczak, Michael Preston, and Gerald B. Pier. "Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator-Mediated Corneal Epithelial Cell Ingestion of Pseudomonas aeruginosaIs a Key Component in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Murine Keratitis." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 1481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.3.1481-1492.1999.

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ABSTRACT Previous findings indicate that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a ligand for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ingestion into respiratory epithelial cells. In experimental murine keratitis, P. aeruginosa enters corneal epithelial cells. We determined the importance of CFTR-mediated uptake of P. aeruginosa by corneal cells in experimental eye infections. Entry of noncytotoxic (exoU) P. aeruginosa into human and rabbit corneal cell cultures was inhibited with monoclonal antibodies and peptides specific to CFTR amino acids 108 to 117. Immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry demonstrated CFTR in the intact murine corneal epithelium, and electron microscopy showed that CFTR binds to P. aeruginosa following corneal cell ingestion. In experimental murine eye infections, multiple additions of 5 nM CFTR peptide 103-117 to inocula of either cytotoxic (exoU +) or noncytotoxic P. aeruginosa resulted in large reductions in bacteria in the eye and markedly lessened eye pathology. Compared with wild-type C57BL/6 mice, heterozygous ΔF508 Cftr mice infected with P. aeruginosa had an approximately 10-fold reduction in bacterial levels in the eye and consequent reductions in eye pathology. Homozygous ΔF508 Cftr mice were nearly completely resistant to P. aeruginosa corneal infection. CFTR-mediated internalization of P. aeruginosa by buried corneal epithelial cells is critical to the pathogenesis of experimental eye infection, while in the lung, P. aeruginosa uptake by surface epithelial cells enhances P. aeruginosa clearance from this tissue.
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38

Mehlen, M., V. Saunier, B. de Barbeyrac, T. Gaboriau, C. Bébéar, B. Bercot, C. Castor, D. Levesque, C. Cazanave, and M. Puges. "Keep an eye on Neisseria gonorrhoeae." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 26, no. 9 (September 2020): 1183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.002.

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39

Nimir, Amal R., Ahmed Saliem, and Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim. "Ophthalmic Parasitosis: A Review Article." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/587402.

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Ocular parasitosis in human is more prevalent in geographical areas where environmental factors and poor sanitary conditions favor the parasitism between man and animals. Lesions in the eye can be due to damage directly caused by the infectious pathogen, indirect pathology caused by toxic products, or the immune response incited by infections or ectopic parasitism. The epidemiology of parasitic ocular diseases reflects the habitat of the causative parasites as well as the habits and health status of the patient. An ocular examination may provide clues to the underlying disease/infection, and an awareness of the possibilities of travel-related pathology may shed light on an ocular presentation. This paper is a comprehensive review of the parasitic diseases of the eye. The majority of the clinically important species of parasites involved in eye infection are reviewed in this paper. Parasites are discussed by the disease or infection they cause.
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40

Davidhizar, Ruth. "Interpersonal Communication: A Review of Eye Contact." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 13, no. 4 (April 1992): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30147101.

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41

Sydnor, Emily R. M., Gregory Bova, Anatoly Gimburg, Sara E. Cosgrove, Trish M. Perl, and Lisa L. Maragakis. "Electronic-Eye Faucets:LegionellaSpecies Contamination in Healthcare Settings." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 33, no. 3 (March 2012): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/664047.

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Objective.To compare heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) andLegionellaspecies growth from electronic and manual faucet water samples.Design.Proportions of water samples with growth and colony-forming units were compared using Fisher's exact test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, respectively.Setting.Two psychiatric units and 1 medical unit in a 1,000-bed university hospital.Methods.Water samples were collected from 20 newly installed electronic faucets and 20 existing manual faucets in 3 hospital units. Manual faucets were located in rooms adjacent to the electronic faucets and received water from the same source. Water samples were collected between December 15, 2008, and January 29, 2009. Four electronic faucets were dismantled, and faucet components were cultured.Legionellaspecies and HPC cultures were performed using standard methods.Results.Nearly all electronic faucets (19/20 [95%]) grewLegionellaspecies from at least 1 water sample, compared with less than half (9/20 [45%]) of manual faucets (P= .001). Fifty-four (50%) of 108 electronic faucet water cultures grewLegionellaspecies, compared with 11 (15%) of 75 manual faucet water cultures (P< .001). After chlorine dioxide remediation, 4 (14%) of 28 electronic faucet and 1 (3%) of 30 manual faucet water cultures grewLegionellaspecies (P= .19), and 8 (29%) electronic faucet and 2 (7%) manual faucet cultures had significant HPC growth (P= .04). All 12 (100%) of die internal faucet components from 2 electronic faucets grewLegionellaspecies.Conclusions.Electronic faucets were more commonly contaminated withLegionellaspecies and other bacteria and were less likely to be disinfected after chlorine dioxide remediation. Electronic faucet components may provide points of concentrated bacterial growth.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2012;33(3):235-240
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42

Davidhizar, Ruth. "Interpersonal Communication: A Review of Eye Contact." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 13, no. 4 (April 1992): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646513.

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43

Klotz, Stephen A., Christopher C. Penn, Gerald J. Negvesky, and Salim I. Butrus. "Fungal and Parasitic Infections of the Eye." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 662–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.4.662.

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SUMMARY The unique structure of the human eye as well as exposure of the eye directly to the environment renders it vulnerable to a number of uncommon infectious diseases caused by fungi and parasites. Host defenses directed against these microorganisms, once anatomical barriers are breached, are often insufficient to prevent loss of vision. Therefore, the timely identification and treatment of the involved microorganisms are paramount. The anatomy of the eye and its surrounding structures is presented with an emphasis upon the association of the anatomy with specific infection of fungi and parasites. For example, filamentous fungal infections of the eye are usually due to penetrating trauma by objects contaminated by vegetable matter of the cornea or globe or, by extension, of infection from adjacent paranasal sinuses. Fungal endophthalmitis and chorioretinitis, on the other hand, are usually the result of antecedent fungemia seeding the ocular tissue. Candida spp. are the most common cause of endogenous endophthalmitis, although initial infection with the dimorphic fungi may lead to infection and scarring of the chorioretina. Contact lens wear is associated with keratitis caused by yeasts, filamentous fungi, and Acanthamoebae spp. Most parasitic infections of the eye, however, arise following bloodborne carriage of the microorganism to the eye or adjacent structures.
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44

CALLE, ALEXANDRA, ANNA C. S. PORTO-FETT, BRADLEY A. SHOYER, JOHN B. LUCHANSKY, and HARSHAVARDHAN THIPPAREDDI. "Microbiological Safety of Commercial Prime Rib Preparation Methods: Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella in Mechanically Tenderized Rib Eye†." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 12 (December 1, 2015): 2126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-154.

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Boneless beef rib eye roasts were surface inoculated on the fat side with ca. 5.7 log CFU/g of a five-strain cocktail of Salmonella for subsequent searing, cooking, and warm holding using preparation methods practiced by restaurants surveyed in a medium-size Midwestern city. A portion of the inoculated roasts was then passed once through a mechanical blade tenderizer. For both intact and nonintact roasts, searing for 15 min at 260°C resulted in reductions in Salmonella populations of ca. 0.3 to 1.3 log CFU/g. For intact (nontenderized) rib eye roasts, cooking to internal temperatures of 37.8 or 48.9°C resulted in additional reductions of ca. 3.4 log CFU/g. For tenderized (nonintact) rib eye roasts, cooking to internal temperatures of 37.8 or 48.9°C resulted in additional reductions of ca. 3.1 or 3.4 log CFU/g, respectively. Pathogen populations remained relatively unchanged for intact roasts cooked to 37.8 or 48.9°C and for nonintact roasts cooked to 48.9°C when held at 60.0°C for up to 8 h. In contrast, pathogen populations increased ca. 2.0 log CFU/g in nonintact rib eye cooked to 37.8°C when held at 60.0°C for 8 h. Thus, cooking at low temperatures and extended holding at relatively low temperatures as evaluated herein may pose a food safety risk to consumers in terms of inadequate lethality and/or subsequent outgrowth of Salmonella, especially if nonintact rib eye is used in the preparation of prime rib, if on occasion appreciable populations of Salmonella are present in or on the meat, and/or if the meat is not cooked adequately throughout.
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Ormerod, L. David, and Barbara G. Paton. "Severe group B streptococcal eye infections in adults." Journal of Infection 18, no. 1 (January 1989): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(89)93542-1.

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46

Joseph, I. Gubert, Selvaraj Stephen, N. Shivananda, and Thiruvenkada Krishnan. "Microscopic Identification of Etiological Agents of Mycotic Keratitis in Corneal Ulcer Patients at Tertiary Care Eye Hospital, Pondicherry." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.1.61.

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47

Tsai, S. S., J. H. Park, K. Hirai, and C. Itakura. "Eye lesions in pet birds." Avian Pathology 22, no. 1 (March 1993): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079459308418903.

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48

Fox, Jeffrey L. "Biotech Investment Catches Congressional Eye." Nature Biotechnology 6, no. 9 (September 1988): 1001–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0988-1001.

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McCormick, Douglas. "More Than Meats the Eye." Nature Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (February 1989): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0289-103.

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Toth, Giselle. "Less than Meets the Eye." Nature Biotechnology 8, no. 3 (March 1990): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0390-255c.

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