Relevant bibliographies by topics / Eye Rats

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Eye Rats'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Eye Rats"

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Choi, Soo Youn. "Effect of natural extract eye drops in dry eye disease rats." International Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 7 (July 18, 2020): 1023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2020.07.02.

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Culoso, Ashley, Cynthia Lowe, and Craig Evinger. "Sex, blinking, and dry eye." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 831–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00635.2019.

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Blinking sustains the corneal tear film generated by sexually dimorphic lacrimal and meibomian glands. Our study examines whether trigeminal control of blinking is also sexually dimorphic by investigating trigeminal reflex blinking, associative blink modification, and spontaneous blinking in male and female rats before and after unilateral dry eye caused by exorbital gland removal. Before gland removal, female rats exhibited a lower threshold for evoking trigeminal reflex blinks, a weaker effect of associative blink modification, and longer-duration spontaneous blinks than males. Spontaneous blink rate, reflex blink excitability, and occurrence of blink oscillations did not differ between the sexes. Reanalysis of previous data showed that humans showed the same blink sexual dimorphisms as rats. During the first 2 wk of dry eye, trigeminal blink circuit excitability and blink oscillations steadily rose in male rats, whereas excitability and blink oscillations did not change in females. Following dry eye, spontaneous blink duration increased for both males and females, whereas spontaneous blink rate remained constant for males but decreased for females. The associative modification treatment to depress trigeminal blink amplitude initially produced blink depression in males that converted to blink potentiation as trigeminal excitability rose, whereas females exhibited progressively more blink depression. These data indicated that dry eye increased excitability in male trigeminal reflex blink circuits at the expense of circuit modifiability, whereas trigeminal modifiability increased in females. This increased modifiability of female trigeminal blink circuits with dry eye may contribute to the preponderance of females developing the focal dystonia, benign essential blepharospasm. NEW & NOTEWORTHY All the elements controlling the corneal tear film are sexually dimorphic. Blinking, which smooths and maintains the tear film, also exhibits sex differences. Dry eye increases the sexual dimorphisms of blinking, including increased exaggeration of excitability in males and enhanced modifiability of the female trigeminal complex. This increased modifiability may explain female predominance in the development of the focal dystonia, benign essential blepharospasm.
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Coghlan, Andy. "Men have a sharper eye for love-rats." New Scientist 200, no. 2680 (October 2008): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(08)62733-5.

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Lund, R. D., and P. J. Coffey. "Visual information processing by intracerebral retinal transplants in rats." Eye 8, no. 2 (March 1994): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.1994.55.

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Nishimura, H., N. Nishimura, S. Kobayashi, and C. Tohyama. "Immunohistochemical localization of metallothionein in the eye of rats." Histochemistry 95, no. 6 (April 1991): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00266738.

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Fernandez, Eduardo, Carlo Gangitano, Aurora Del Fà, Corrado Olivieri Sangiacomo, Giuseppe Talamonti, Francesco Draicchio, and Alessandro Sbriccoli. "Oculomotor nerve regeneration in rats." Journal of Neurosurgery 67, no. 3 (September 1987): 428–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.67.3.0428.

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✓ To study oculomotor nerve regeneration in rats, the oculomotor nerve was approached microsurgically and was sectioned at the base of the skull. The nerve stumps were reapproximated and affixed with a plasma clot in Group I animals and were separated by a gap in Group II animals. Visceral eye motility was evaluated weekly between 1 day and 40 weeks after surgery by recording the pupillary diameter under standardized photic stimulation. Somatic eye motility was assessed after 26 weeks by measuring the ocular displacement evoked by vestibular stimulation in the horizontal and vertical planes. Nerve regeneration was documented histologically and morphometrically at 8, 16, and 40 weeks after section. The selectivity of axonal regeneration to the extraocular muscles was investigated after 26 weeks by mapping (with injection of retrograde horseradish peroxidase) the motoneurons that supplied each reinnervated muscle. Between 6 and 20 weeks after section, the pupil diameter showed a progressive reduction in Group I rats, and no changes were observed in Group II rats. Compared with normal rats, the amplitude of horizontal and vertical ocular displacements was decreased, respectively, by 30% and 45% in Group I and by 65% and 80% in Group II. In Group I rats, the vestibular stimulation in the horizontal plane evoked anomalous eye movements with vertical components. On histological examination, regenerated nerves showed a progressive increase of axonal diameter and myelin-sheath thickness. Reinnervated muscles were associated with a less specific, bilateral representation in the midbrain compared with normal muscles, which have unilateral representation. The changes of the somatotopic organization were interpreted as being the result of the misdirected regrowth of axons in the postlesional nerve stump and of the collateral sprouting in the midbrain.
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Lunardi, Nadia, Ryan Sica, Navya Atluri, Kathryn A. Salvati, Caroline Keller, Mark P. Beenhakker, Howard P. Goodkin, and Zhiyi Zuo. "Disruption of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Homeostasis in Adolescent Rats after Neonatal Anesthesia." Anesthesiology 130, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 981–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002660.

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Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background Previous studies suggest that rapid eye movement sleep rebound and disruption of rapid eye movement sleep architecture occur during the first 24 h after general anesthesia with volatile anesthetics in adult rats. However, it is unknown whether rapid eye movement sleep alterations persist beyond the anesthetic recovery phase in neonatal rats. This study tested the hypothesis that rapid eye movement sleep disturbances would be present in adolescent rats treated with anesthesia on postnatal day 7. Methods Forty-four neonatal rats were randomly allocated to treatment with anesthesia consisting of midazolam, nitrous oxide, and isoflurane or control conditions for 2 h or 6 h. Electroencephalographic and electromyographic electrodes were implanted and recordings obtained between postnatal days 26 and 34. The primary outcome was time spent in rapid eye movement sleep. Data were analyzed using two-tailed unpaired t tests and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Results Rats treated with midazolam, nitrous oxide, and isoflurane exhibited a significant increase in rapid eye movement sleep three weeks later when compared with control rats, regardless of whether they were treated for 2 h (174.0 ± 7.2 min in anesthetized, 108.6 ± 5.3 in controls, P < 0.0001) or 6 h (151.6 ± 9.9 min in anesthetized, 108.8 ± 7.1 in controls, P = 0.002). Conclusions Treatment with midazolam, nitrous oxide, and isoflurane on postnatal day 7 increases rapid eye movement sleep three weeks later in rats.
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Özdemir, G., Y. Ergün, S. Bakariş, M. Kılınç, H. Durdu, and E. Ganiyusufoğlu. "Melatonin prevents retinal oxidative stress and vascular changes in diabetic rats." Eye 28, no. 8 (June 13, 2014): 1020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.2014.127.

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Fukushima, Harumi, Satoshi Kato, Yoshie Hayashi, and Tetsuro Oshika. "Influence of subconjunctival steroid injection on blood glucose profile in diabetic rats." Eye 15, no. 3 (May 2001): 326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.2001.104.

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DeMesquita, S., and G. A. Hale. "Cardiopulmonary regulation after rapid-eye-movement sleep deprivation." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 970–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.3.970.

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Arterial blood pressure, chest movement, electroencephalogram, and electromyogram were monitored in six normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 h/day 3 days before and 4 days after 114 h of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep deprivation. During recovery sleep immediately after REM sleep deprivation (RD), there was a significant increase in the amount of time spent in REM sleep. During this rebound in REM sleep, there was a significant rise (26%) in heart rate in wakefulness, non-REM sleep, and REM sleep during the first 4 h after RD. Systolic blood pressure was also significantly elevated (14%) but only during wakefulness before recovery sleep. Rats with the greatest waking systolic blood pressure after RD had the lowest REM sleep rebound in the 4 h immediately after RD (r = -0.885, P less than 0.05). The rise in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and REM sleep time evident on day 1 immediately after RD was absent on recovery days 2–4. The respiratory rate tended to be higher throughout the recovery period in every state of consciousness; however, these values never reached the level of significance. In the initial recovery sleep period, regulation of heart rate was more disrupted by REM sleep deprivation than either arterial blood pressure or respiratory rate.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eye Rats"

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Nikitina, Natalya. "African mole rats as models for regressive evolution of the eye." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3187.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-166).
Darkness-adapted mammals with reduced eyes can serve as valuable models for the study of regressive evolution, as well as for research into the genetic and developmental processes underlying the "degeneration" of the eye. The aim of this work was to characterize two African mole rate species (Heterocephalus glaber and Bathyergus suillus) and explore their potential use as novel models for evolutionary developmental eye research. To this end, this histological structure of the adult eye, the development of the eye and the expression of several molecular markers were investigated. The important abnormal features noted were: the abnormal shape and nuclear distribution in the lens, the extremely large ciliary body and delay in the formation of the anterior chamber compared to other ocular structures.
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Brown, Kevin L. "The ontogeny of dual-interstimulus interval eyeblink classical conditioning in a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 254 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605135131&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Mayo, Paul Raymond II. "Topically applied leptin accumulates in the eye and hypothalamus but does not influence food intake in rats /." Adobe Acrobat Reader required to view document, 2008. http://necolib.neco.edu/library/theses/MayoThesisMay08.pdf.

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Goldberg, Julie R. "Eye-opening dependent elaboration and refinement of the cortical projection to the superficial superior colliculus in rats." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46664.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, February 2009.
Includes bibliographical references.
The superior colliculus (SC) is a multi-layered midbrain structure responsible for multimodal integration and orienting behavior in mammals. The superficial layers of the SC (sSC) receive direct visual input from retinal ganglion cells (RGC) as well as input from pyramidal cells in layer V of the ipsilateral visual cortex (VC). The retinal input is refined well before eye opening (EO) and RGC axons arborize topographically to form an appropriate map of visual space. The projection from VC is still broad and unrefined at the time of EO, however. In both sSC and VC, physiological and biochemical evidence indicate considerable synaptic refinement in response to EO, which occurs naturally at the end of the second postnatal week. These studies use anterograde filling of corticocollicular axons in combination with controlled eyelid opening and reclosing paradigms to compare the corticocollicular projections of age-matched eye-opened and eye-sutured littermates. Reconstructions of individual corticocollicular axons in rat pups and statistically sampled arborization patterns across the colliculus at set times before and after controlled eye-lid opening, show that the onset of pattern vision is critical for the establishment of registration between the cortical and collicular maps of visual space. Moreover, if pattern vision is delayed by prolonging eye-lid closure the cortical projection withdraws to single axon cylinders. A latent plasticity remains, however; the corticocollicular axons can reestablish topologically appropriate arborization if eye opening occurs within at least a week of its normal occurrence.
by Julie R. Goldberg.
Ph.D.
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Berteotti, Chiara <1979&gt. "Central autonomic control in spontaneously hypertensive rats: a study on phasic phenomena during rapid-eye-movement sleep." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/495/.

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The cardiovascular regulation undergoes wide changes in the different states of sleepwake cycle. In particular, the relationship between spontaneous fluctuations in heart period and arterial pressure clearly shows differences between the two sleep states. In non rapid-eye-movement sleep, heart rhythm is under prevalent baroreflex control, whereas in rapid-eye-movement sleep central autonomic commands prevail (Zoccoli et al., 2001). Moreover, during rapid-eye-movement sleep the cardiovascular variables show wide fluctuations around their mean value. In particular, during rapid-eyemovement sleep, the arterial pressure shows phasic hypertensive events which are superimposed upon the tonic level of arterial pressure. These phasic increases in arterial pressure are accompanied by an increase in heart rate (Sei & Morita, 1996; Silvani et al., 2005). Thus, rapid-eye-movement sleep may represent an “autonomic stress test” for the cardiovascular system, able to unmask pathological patterns of cardiovascular regulation (Verrier et al. 2005), but this hypothesis has never been tested experimentally. The aim of this study was to investigate whether rapid-eye-movement sleep may reveal derangements in central autonomic cardiovascular control in an experimental model of essential hypertension. The study was performed in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, which represent the most widely used model of essential hypertension, and allow full control of genetic and environmental confounding factors. In particular, we analyzed the cardiovascular, electroencephalogram, and electromyogram changes associated with phasic hypertensive events during rapid-eyemovement sleep in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and in their genetic Wistar Kyoto control strain. Moreover, we studied also a group of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats made phenotypically normotensive by means of a chronic treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, the Enalapril maleate, from the age of four weeks to the end of the experiment. All rats were implanted with electrodes for electroencephalographic and electromyographic recordings and with an arterial catheter for arterial pressure measurement. After six days for postoperative recovery, the rats were studied for five days, at an age of ten weeks.The study indicated that the peak of mean arterial pressure increase during the phasic hypertensive events in rapid-eye-movement sleep did not differ significantly between Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Wistar Kyoto rats, while on the other hand Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats showed a reduced increase in the frequency of theta rhythm and a reduced tachicardia with respect to Wistar Kyoto rats. The same pattern of changes in mean arterial pressure, heart period, and theta frequency was observed between Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats treated with Enalapril maleate. Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats do not differ from Wistar Kyoto rats only in terms of arterial hypertension, but also due to multiple unknown genetic differences. Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats were developed by selective breeding of Wistar Kyoto rats based only on the level of arterial pressure. However, in this process, multiple genes possibly unrelated to hypertension may have been selected together with the genetic determinants of hypertension (Carley et al., 2000). This study indicated that Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats differ from Wistar Kyoto rats, but not from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats treated with Enalapril maleate, in terms of arterial pH and theta frequency. This feature may be due to genetic determinants unrelated to hypertension. In sharp contrast, the persistence of differences in the peak of heart period decrease and the peak of theta frequency increase during phasic hypertensive events between Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats treated with Enalapril maleate demonstrates that the observed reduction in central autonomic control of the cardiovascular system in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats is not an irreversible consequence of inherited genetic determinants. Rather, the comparison between Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats treated with Enalapril maleate indicates that the observed differences in central autonomic control are the result of the hypertension per se. This work supports the view that the study of cardiovascular regulation in sleep provides fundamental insight on the pathophysiology of hypertension, and may thus contribute to the understanding of this disease, which is a major health problem in European countries (Wolf-Maier et al., 2003) with its burden of cardiac, vascular, and renal complications.
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Shuster, Jaime Lynn. "RECOVERY OF SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION IN RATS FOLLOWING ACUTE RAPID EYE MOVEMENT SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND CONTROLLED CORTICAL IMPACT." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1301676196.

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Wilkinson, Christopher Richard. "The application of high precision timing in the high resolution fly's eye cosmic ray detector." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37715.

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This thesis represents work performed by the author on the development of the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) detector for the study of extremely high energy (>10 [superscript 18] eV) cosmic rays. Chapter 1 begins with an review of this field. This chapter details the development of the field, the physics questions we seek to answer, and our current understanding based on experimental and theoretical results. It provides the basis for understanding why detectors such as HiRes are being constructed. This review leads into chapter 2, which discuses the development of cosmic ray induced extensive air showers (EAS) and the techniques used to study them. Particular emphasis is placed upon the air fluorescence technique utilised by HiRes. The two site HiRes prototype detector is then discussed in detail in chapter 3. This covers the different components that form the detector, together with details of the calibration performed to extract useful information from the data. Chapter 4 discusses the installation and subsequent testing of GPS based clock systems for the two sites that make up the HiRes prototype detector. The entire timing system was checked, and some previously hidden bugs fixed. This chapter concludes with work performed on the time to digital converter calibration for the second HiRes site. The high relative timing accuracy provided by the GPS clocks allowed the use of timing information in programs to reconstruct the arrival directions of cosmic rays. Chapter 5 covers the development of a program to use geometrical and timing information to reconstruct EAS viewed by both HiRes sites. This chapter concludes with an evaluation of the likely reconstruction accuracy of the new HiRes (stage1) detector. A well reconstructed EAS trajectory is the first step in the determination of more interesting parameters such as primary particle energy. Chapter 6 covers the collation and analysis of EAS viewed by the both sites of the prototype detector. This includes an evaluation of effects such as the atmosphere, and an estimation of the performance of the new (stage 1) HiRes detector based on results with the prototype detector. Finally the conclusions from this thesis are summarised and sugestions made for further follow up work.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, 1998.
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Träisk, Frank. "Evaluation of the infrared reflection method for saccadic eye movement velocity analysis /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-609-3/.

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Murray, Bryon Michael. "Determination of eye dose from personnel monitoring devices in medical institutions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17040.

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Tessem, May-Britt. "Metabolic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the anterior part of the eye." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-742.

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Ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) is an environmental factor known to increase the risk of developing an irreversible opacification of the lens (cataract). Increased irradiance of UV-R to the earth because of depletion of stratospheric ozone is of current concern considering cataract formation. Detailed metabolic information from the cornea, lens and aqueous humour might give valuable knowledge on the biochcemical processes occurring in the eye after exposure to UV-R, and thereby a better understanding of the mechanisms by which UV-R induces cataractogenesis. The purpose of this thesis was to study metabolic effects of exposure to UV-R on the anterior part of the eye. Effects of UV-B (280-315 nm) and UV-A (315-400 nm) on the aqueous humour, cornea and the lens from animal models were investigated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Since the lens is composed of functionally distinct anatomical compartments, with different metabolic activity, biochemical changes in various compartments of the lens were analyzed.

Application of NMR-based metabonomics was effective to analyze metabolic changes in the anterior part of the eye after exposure to UV-R. High-resolution (HR) magic angle spinning (MAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy provided high quality spectra from intact tissue of cornea and lens, and provided important information about metabolic alteration occurring in these tissues after exposure to UV-R. The results from this thesis show that in vivo UV-B radiation affects metabolism of the anterior compartments of the eye. Metabolic changes were observed in aqueous humour, cornea, lens and in the different compartments of the lens. The antioxidants, glutathione and ascorbate, several amino acids, high energetic phosphates, and compounds important for membrane building and osmoregulation were substantially altered after exposure to UV-B radiation. Several biochemical effects such as oxidation, membrane disruption, osmoregulatory problems, lipid peroxidation, problems with cellular signalling and impairment of growth and protein synthesis were suggested. After UV-A exposure, no observable metabolic alterations were found in the anterior part of the eye in the present animal models.

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Books on the topic "Eye Rats"

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J, Cronly-Dillon, Rosen Emanuel S, and Marshall John 1943-, eds. Hazards of light: Myths & realities : eye and skin : proceedings of the First International Symposium of the Northern Eye Institute, University of Manchester, July 1985. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Pergamon Press, 1986.

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Pruitt, John S. Calibration of beta-particle-emitting ophthalmic applicators. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1987.

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United States. National Bureau of Standards., ed. Calibration of beta-particle-emitting ophthalmic applicators. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1987.

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Stefania, Fabrizio, Xiao Yuan, and International Monetary Fund, eds. The Baltics: Competitiveness on the eve of EU accession. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 2004.

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Kinoshameg, Samantha E. The effects of a simulated geomagnetic sudden storm commencement complex magnetic field treatment on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in female lewis rats. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Graduate Studies, 2004.

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Bonetti, Alberto, and Massimo Mazzoni, eds. L'Università degli Studi di Firenze nel centenario della nascita di Giuseppe Occhialini (1907-1993). Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-155-7.

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Giuseppe Occhialini (1907-1993) is an outstanding figure among the Italian physicists that characterised the scientific development of the last century. A great experimenter, tirelessly proposing and implementing new projects, his name is linked to the history of research into cosmic rays, which were, however, far from being his only sphere of interest. In 1987, the physics community in general, and in particular the circle of his colleagues and friends, decided to offer Occhialini a sign of their esteem and affection by organising a commemorative encounter for his 80th birthday. In view of the retiring and crusty character of the scientist it was decided to hold a Conference on other themes: a Seminar on the history of the European Space Agency, followed by a Round Table on the beginnings of the research into cosmic rays. Seen through today's eyes, beyond its delightful fascination, this also appears like an almost magical moment that brought together some of the greatest physicists, of international standing, in one of the most fertile periods of Italian physics.
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Raspini, Federico, Francesca Cigna, Sandro Moretti, and Nicola Casagli, eds. Advanced Terrain Mapping of the Gioia Tauro Plain Calabria Region, Italy. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-022-8.

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In the framework of the Terrafirma project, Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) has be used for mapping land subsidence at basin scale in Gioia Tauro plain (Italy). The investigated area is built over unconsolidated fine-grained sediments, where the increasing groundwater demands for irrigation have caused the natural sediment consolidation to progressively accelerate. Both historical (1992-2001; ERS1/2 images) and recent (2002-2006; ENVISAT images) scenarios are analyzed to solve the spatial variability and temporal evolution of ground displacements affecting the plain. The results show deformation rates as high as 10-12 mm/yr in 1992-2007, with highest velocities occurred between 1992 and 2000 within the central part of the basin, in the area of Rizziconi (5 km ESE of Gioia Tauro). The outcomes of this PSI study could support the future improvement of groundwater management and the implementation of best strategies for land use planning and sustainable use of groundwater resources.
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Seminar, on Natural Gas Rate-Making in the ECE Region and Its Implications for Gas Price Transition in Economies in Transition (1997 Amsterdam Netherlands). Issues in market-based natural gas pricing in economies in transition (transfer of knowledge and its application): Papers and proceedings of the Seminar on Natural Gas Rate-making in the ECE Region and Its Implications for Gas Price Transition in Economies in Transition, held in Amsterdam, 20-22 May 1997. New York: United Nations, 1997.

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al-Ṭ alqah al-akhīrah li-sayṭarat Amrīkā ʻalá Ūrūbbā: Shāhid-- ʻiyān ʻalʹa Ḥarb al-Balqān = Last bullet for U.S.A. dominitation [sic] over Europe : eye witness-- of Balkan war = Poslednji ratni pokušaj Amerike da kontroliše Evropu : svedok rata na Balkanu. [Amman]: N. al-Maʻānī, 1999.

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1987, Harlen F. d., and Whillock M. J, eds. Hazards of optical radiation: A guide to sources, uses, and safety. Bristol: Adam Hilger, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Eye Rats"

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Hess, Helen H., J. S. Zigler, T. L. O’Keefe, and J. J. Knapka. "Environmental Factors in Cataractogenesis in RCS Rats." In Cell and Developmental Biology of the Eye, 169–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4784-5_9.

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Skrzypecki, Janusz, Huc Tomasz, and Ciepiaszuk Karolina. "Variability of Dry Eye Disease Following Removal of Lacrimal Glands in Rats." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 109–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2019_348.

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Clarke, Andrew H., Caspar Steineke, and Harald Emanuel. "High image rate eye movement measurement." In Informatik aktuell, 398–402. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59757-2_75.

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Guillaume, Dominique M. "From the Bird’s Eye to the Microscope: A Survey of New Stylised Facts." In Intradaily Exchange Rate Movements, 15–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4621-4_2.

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McCain, Kevin. "A Cut-Rate Eye Exam (Bootstrapping/Easy Knowledge)." In Epistemology: 50 Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Thought Experiments, 94–98. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003121091-21.

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Hay, S. J. "Loch Ewe Copepods: Some Speculation." In Estimation of Mortality Rates in Stage-Structured Population, 77–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49979-1_6.

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Pérez-Torres, Miguel Ángel. "The Central Regions of Local (U)LIRGs Viewed with Big Radio Eyes." In Cosmic Rays in Star-Forming Environments, 141–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35410-6_11.

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Dumery, B., P. A. Grounauer, and Vo Van Toi. "Eyestrain, Blink Rate and Dry Eye Syndromes of Video Display Terminal Users." In IFMBE Proceedings, 270–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12020-6_68.

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Murillo-Morales, Tomas, Peter Heumader, and Klaus Miesenberger. "Automatic Assistance to Cognitive Disabled Web Users via Reinforcement Learning on the Browser." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 61–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58805-2_8.

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AbstractThis paper introduces a proof of concept software reasoner that aims to detect whether an individual user is in need of cognitive assistance during a typical Web browsing session. The implemented reasoner is part of the Easy Reading browser extension for Firefox. It aims to infer the user’s current cognitive state by collecting and analyzing user’s physiological data in real time, such as eye tracking, heart beat rate and variability, and blink rate. In addition, when the reasoner determines that the user is in need of help it automatically triggers a support tool appropriate for the individual user and Web content being consumed. By framing the problem as a Markov Decision Process, typical policy control methods found in the Reinforcement Learning literature, such as Q-learning, can be employed to tackle the learning problem.
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Baier, Daniel, and Alexandra Rese. "Increasing Conversion Rates Through Eye Tracking, TAM, A/B Tests: A Case Study." In Advanced Studies in Behaviormetrics and Data Science, 341–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2700-5_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Eye Rats"

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İbragimova, Jаle, Mahir Muxtarov, and Saedet Bayramova. "STUDY OF SULFHYDRYL GROUPS IN THE EYE LENS OF WHITE RATS SUBJECTED TO ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION." In XVII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2135.sudak.ns2021-17/159.

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Prueckl, R., A. H. Taub, I. Herreros, R. Hogri, A. Magal, S. A. Bamford, A. Giovannucci, et al. "Behavioral rehabilitation of the eye closure reflex in senescent rats using a real-time biosignal acquisition system." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091045.

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Desharnais, Kelly, Samantha Clark, and Eric Kennedy. "Evaluation of Globe Rupture Injury Mechanisms and Pressure Response of the Eye During Projectile Impact." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53733.

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In the United States, over 1.9 million civilian eye injuries occur annually [1]. Furthermore, with the recent conflict, the military has experienced a dramatic 17%–26% increase in rate of injury to the eyes [2]. Risk functions for various eye injuries, particularly globe rupture, have already been developed and show area-normalized energy (based on the mass, size, and velocity of the projectile) to be most highly correlated to injury [3–5]. However, it remains desirable to further investigate the relationship between area-normalized energy and the eye injury mechanism.
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Shao, Guangbin, Longqiu Li, Hongtao Zhang, Xinrong Zhou, Tingting Li, and Hualei Dong. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Vision Impairment in Long-Term Exposure to Microgravity." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59433.

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Recently researches have reported the ocular structural and functional changes observed in astronauts after long-duration space flight, which includes optic disk edema, globe flattening, choroidal folds, hyperopic shifts and reduction of near visual acuity. This syndrome, which is called the Visual Impairment/Intracranial Pressure (VIIP) Syndrome, is reported due to the alterations of translaminar pressure and some other factors (concentration of CO2, genotype, B-vitamin status, androgens, etc.) in microgravity or in space station. On account of the shortage of measurement and limit of sample size in space experiments, the study of VIIP Syndrome was difficult to make progress. In this research, numerical analysis combined with animal experiment were performed. In the animal experiment, hindlimb suspension (HLS) model was used to simulate the cephalic liquid shifts of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in microgravity, as well as fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were executed to detect the ocular structural changes. For both the experimental group and the control group, the illumination, temperature and feeding were strictly controlled, well the watering was unrestricted, during the long-term hinlimb suspension. The ocular structural changes and the physiological index including weight and intraocular pressure (IOP) were evaluated. A numerical model of eye was established, then finite element analysis was performed to study the biomechanical response of ocular structure due to the changes of translaminar pressure. We observed that the changes of the ocular structure in rats after the long-term hindlimb suspension were consistent with the finite element simulation results. The findings in this research showed the significance of animal experiment and numerical analysis for the study of VIIP Syndrome.
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Enikov, Eniko T., Marcel Madarász, and Péter P. Polyvás. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Ocular Tactile Tonometry." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86972.

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This article describes the experimental and numerical analysis of a novel trans-scleral tonometer based on the use of an instrumented form of digital palpation tonometry. Similar to manual digital palpation tonometery (estimation of the eye pressure via tactile touch), the novel ocular tactile tonometer utilizes multiple force probes to gather force data from indentation experiments. The presented experimental and numerical analysis shows that force data obtained from these probes correlate with the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye. Enucleated porcine eyes were used to validate the approach. The observed hysteresis in the force data was analyzed using an analytical model that accounts for the outflow of the aqueous humor as well as experiments at different indentation rates. Experimental data from eye distention and indentation tests were then used to infer the conditions under which the novel tonometer would be expected to have an accuracy of 1 mmHg. Analysis of the data shows that visco-elastic behavior of the scleral tissue is the primary factor responsible for the observed hysteresis. Further analysis of the data shows that indentation rates should be kept below 0.5 mm/sec for a pressure range of 10–35 mmHg. A conceptual through-the-eye-lid ocular tactile tonometer based on four probes is also presented along with numerical validation of the measured response.
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Polyva´s, Pe´ter P., Eniko T. Enikov, Gholam Peyman, and Vasco Polyzoev. "Trans-Scleral Tonometry: Mechanical Palpation of the Eye." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64852.

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The development of new tonometers requires laboratory tests on enucleated eyes where the intraocular pressure (IOP) is usually controlled by the use of a fluid column (manometry). This article describes a novel eye pressure regulation system for IOP tests along with a new concept of mechanical palpation tonometry. Manometry is commonly regarded as an invasive technique that can measure precisely the pressure inside the eye. It is a common laboratory technique for evaluating changes in IOP over time, and for providing reference pressure by which all other tonometers can be evaluated. In general, the system consists of a fluid column (1% saline solution) connected via PVC tubing to a three way valve. The valve is able to connect the column branch to a syringe with a 21G needle inserted into the vitreous humor and to a pressure transducer. The syringe needle is inserted in the eye through the side, with the tip located approximately in the middle of the vitreous chamber [1]. However, this method is prone to errors due to the gelatinous and highly fibrous nature of the vitreous matter that could easily clog the syringe needle and prevent the accurate pressure control and measurement. To resolve this difficulty, we report an alternative control of the IOP through the anterior chamber of the eye. In addition to the clogging, severed blood vessels in enucleated eyes result in large rate of leakage of intraocular fluid. With these modifications in place, it was demonstrated that the pressure sensing is fast and accurate, allowing investigation of mechanical trans-scleral palpation and the development of a new concept of mechanical palpation tonometry device. The device is based on multiple probes for measuring contact forces. Experimental data from the performance of the device are presented.
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Ethier, C. Ross, Annegret Dahlmann, Sauparnika Vijay, Peng T. Khaw, and Michaël J. A. Girard. "Characterization of Fiber Organization in Rat Corneo-Scleral Shells Using Small Angle Light Scattering." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19363.

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Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness worldwide. It is associated with structural damage and a progressive loss of nerve cells — which transmit visual information from the retina to the brain — within the optic nerve head (ONH) at the posterior eye. Glaucoma was once thought to occur only in eyes with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and, to date, lowering IOP is the only clinical treatment proven to be beneficial for slowing its progression. However, the success rate of such therapy is only about 50% and multiple lines of evidence now indicate that IOP is not the only important risk factor in the disease since glaucoma can develop at either normal or elevated IOP without distinct etiology.
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Palinko, Oskar, Francesco Rea, Giulio Sandini, and Alessandra Sciutti. "Eye gaze tracking for a humanoid robot." In 2015 IEEE-RAS 15th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/humanoids.2015.7363561.

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Mohammad Nejad, Talisa, and Craig D. Foster. "Finite Element Modeling of Mouse Cornea and Studying Formation of Spiral Patterns on Epithelium." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14148.

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The cornea is a transparent tissue covering the front of the eye that refracts the light rays and therefore plays a great role in focusing ability of the eye (1). A slight change in the geometry of the cornea leads to a notable change in its focusing function. Therefore, the understanding of cornea mechanics is of utmost importance to better analyze the focusing ability of the eye.
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Matthews, J. N. "Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in the North Some Results from the High Resolution Fly’s Eye." In C2CR07: COLLIDERS TO COSMIC RAYS. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2775895.

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Reports on the topic "Eye Rats"

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DeMar, James C., Miya I. Hill, Robert B. Gharavi, Joseph R. Andrist, Andrea A. Edwards, Stephen A. VanAlbert, and Joseph B. Long. Evaluation of Novel Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Derived Lipid Mediators of Inflammation to Ameliorate the Deleterious Effects of Blast Overpressure on Eye and Brain Visual Processing Centers in Rats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada606425.

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DeMar, James. Evaluation of Novel Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Derived Lipid Mediators of Inflammation to Ameliorate the Deleterious Effects of Blast Over Pressure on Eye and Brain Visual Processing Centers in Rats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada621266.

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Campbell, John, and Robert Shiller. Yield Spreads and Interest Rate Movements: A Bird's Eye View. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3153.

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Nuguer, Victoria. Fed's Interest Rate Normalization: Does It Matter Who Borrows from Abroad in EME? Inter-American Development Bank, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000698.

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Kosaka, Hiroaki, Hiroki Koyama, Toshiyuki Morioka, Masaru Noda, and Hirokazu Nishitani. A Study of Car Driver's Behavior Focused on His/Her Heart Rate and Eye Information When He/She Causes a Traffic Accident Occurring Between Cars at an Intersection. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0048.

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Simon Hilbourne, Simon Hilbourne. Eyes On The Reef; using remote cameras on cleaning stations to uncover the hidden habits of Maldivian manta rays. Experiment, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/11101.

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Bolton, Laura. WASH in Schools for Student Return During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.024.

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The literature on WASH and school re-opening during the COVID-19 pandemic is dominated by guidelines with little in the way of recent evidence or lessons learned. Analysis of data from school re-openings at the end of 2020 suggests that with mitigation measures in place community infection rates should not be affected by children returning to school. Although children carry a lower risk of infection, they do have large numbers of contact in the school environment, so hygiene and distancing measures are important. The key guidelines for WASH in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic include: children and all school staff must be educated with regards to hand hygiene; hand hygiene stations must be provided at entrances and exits; hand washing must be frequent and requires sufficient water and soap; school buses should have hand hygiene measures in place; and the school environment must be disinfected daily. Environmental, or nudge-based, cues are recommended to support behaviour change in children based on pre-COVID-19 evidence. Examples include colourful footprints leading to a handwashing facility, images of eyes above handwashing facilities, embedding toys in soap, and putting pictures of germs on surfaces.
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