Journal articles on the topic 'F.A.U.S.T. (Series)'

Abstract In the 1990s, after a series of experiments, the behavioural psychologist and economist Daniel Kahneman and his colleagues formulated the following peak-end evaluation rule: the remembered utility of pleasant or unpleasant episodes is accurately predicted by averaging the peak (most intense value) of instant utility (or disutility) recorded during an episode and the instant utility recorded near the end of the experience (Kahneman et al 1997 Q. J. Econ. 112 375–405). Based on this rule, we propose a mathematical model for the time evolution of the experienced utility function u = u ( t ) given by the scalar differential equation u ′ ( t ) = a u ( t ) + b max { u ( s ) : s ∈ [ t − h , t ] } + f ( t ) ( * ) , where f represents exogenous stimuli, h is the maximal duration of the experience, and a , b ∈ R are some averaging weights. In this work, we study equation ( ∗ ) and show that, for a range of parameters a , b , h and a periodic sine-like term f, the dynamics of ( ∗ ) can be completely described in terms of an associated one-dimensional dynamical system generated by a piece-wise continuous map from a finite interval into itself. We illustrate our approach with two representative examples. In particular, we show that the utility u(t) (e.g. ‘happiness’, interpreted as hedonic utility) can exhibit chaotic behaviour.

The presence of magnetic moments in uranium atoms in some of U 2 TSi 3, UTSi and U 2 T 3 Si ( T is a 3d, 4d or 5d transition element) compounds is discussed in terms of the hybridization of s, p, d and f atomic orbitals. The hybridization strength in these ternary series of isostructural compounds was calculated using the semiquantitative band structure approach of Straub and Harrison. The prediction criterion for the presence of magnetic ordering, comparing the band width with a critical energy, seems to hold. The dominant influence of fd hybridization effects in the change of magnetic properties inside an isostructural group is in evidence.

In the automotive industry, the use of stamped aluminium alloy components has become a very common occurrence. For the appropriate design of these components, it is necessary to know how the manufacturing process affects the material properties. In the first place, high plastic strains ( ε p ) can be generated during the stamping process, which can result in a change in the residual stress and mechanical properties in the plastically deformed areas. Furthermore, if a last coat of paint that is usually subjected to a thermal cycle, characterized by temperature ( T ) and exposure time ( t ), is applied, it can also influence mechanical behaviour. Consequently, this paper studies how both processes affect the mechanical behaviour of an aluminium alloy of the 5000 series, commonly used in these types of components. In particular, the mechanical properties such as the yield stress at 0.2% ( σ 0.2 ), the ultimate tensile strength ( s u t ) and the engineering strain at break ( e f ) have been analysed. To achieve this, a response surface technique, based on the design of experiments, has been used. The response surfaces obtained allow for the prediction of mechanical properties σ 0.2 , s u t and e f for any combination of values of t , T and ε p .

Po l i s h In s u r a n c e La w i n t h e C o n t e x t o f t h e ‘Ac q u i s Communautaire’ UE Requirements (Recapitulation of the Standpoints Presented in the Chamber’s Works)SummarySubstantial changes of the legal status in the system of Polish economic insurance, called a revolution in the Polish insurance law, initiated by a series of bills dated 22 M ay 2003 and multiplicity of accompanying secondary legislation made the insurance market start numerous analytic works, also in the context o f the requirements to adapt to the com m unity law.These im portant and vast issues, already for some time, have been subject to studies and discussions taking place in the Insurance and Risk Management Cham ber of Commerce. They draw to a conclusion that the quality o f Polish law is unsatisfactory, the law is complicated and unclear. Further they show deficiencies in the knowledge of the com m unity law in Poland due to which a social and professional insurance education is necessary.Further adaptation measures should start from a substantial change of the law on insurance contract. This process should also regard the act insurance agencies.An urgent need of insurance education, belonging to a so-called Lisbon strategy adopted by the European Council in M arch 2000, is highly im portant for the insurance market.

AbstractGiven a regular supercuspidal representation $$\rho $$ ρ of the Levi subgroup M of a standard parabolic subgroup $$P=MN$$ P = M N in a connected reductive group G defined over a non-archimedean local field F, we serve you a Rodier type structure theorem which provides us a geometrical parametrization of the set $$JH(Ind^G_P(\rho ))$$ J H ( I n d P G ( ρ ) ) of Jordan–Hölder constituents of the Harish-Chandra parabolic induction representation $$Ind^G_P(\rho )$$ I n d P G ( ρ ) , vastly generalizing Rodier structure theorem for $$P=B=TU$$ P = B = T U Borel subgroup of a connected split reductive group about 40 years ago. Our novel contribution is to overcome the essential difficulty that the relative Weyl group $$W_M=N_G(M)/M$$ W M = N G ( M ) / M is not a coxeter group in general, as opposed to the well-known fact that the Weyl group $$W_T=N_G(T)/T$$ W T = N G ( T ) / T is a coxeter group. Along the way, we sort out all regular discrete series/tempered/generic representations for arbitrary G, generalizing Tadić’s work on regular discrete series representation for split $$(G)Sp_{2n}$$ ( G ) S p 2 n and $$SO_{2n+1}$$ S O 2 n + 1 , and also providing a new simple proof of Casselman–Shahidi’s theorem on generalized injectivity conjecture for regular generalized principal series. Indeed, such a beautiful structure theorem also holds for finite central covering groups.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has approved the use of two new drugs, namely Bedaquiline (Bdq) and Delamanid (Dlm), for treatment of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB). One of the concerns raised with the use of these drugs was QT-interval prolongation. This condition could be serious and life threatening. Hence, knowing the magnitude and its management is very important. This case series identifies the incidence and discusses the management of clinically significant QT-interval prolongation amongst a cohort of patients who have been on these medicines. Materials and Methods: Patients with reports of high grade QT-Interval prolongation (i.e. Grade-3 and Grade-4) were identified from the cohort of 265 patients enrolled on bedaquiline and/or delamanid and discussion is made on the pattern, severity and management of each cases identified. Results: Only 4 (1.5%) out of all 265 patients enrolled on Bedaquiline and/or Delamanid have developed high grade QT-Interval prolongation. And all are managed without permanent discontinuation of both drugs. Conclusion: The Incidence of clinically significant QTcF-interval prolongation among DR-TB patients taking bedaquiline and /or delamanid in Lesotho is low. And almost all cases can be managed with more frequent Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring and management of other possible causes of QT-interval prolongation without the need to stop one or both drugs permanently.

A series of VCV nonsense syllables formed with 23 consonants and the vowels //, /i/, /u/, and // was presented on videotape without sound to 5 hearing-impaired adults and 5 adults with normal hearing. The two-fold purpose was (a) to determine whether the two groups would perform the same in their identification of visemes and (b) to observe whether the identification of visemes is influenced by vowel context. There were no differences between the two groups either with respect to the overall percentage of items correct or to the visemes identified. Noticeable differences occurred in viseme identification between the /u/ context and the other 3 vowel contexts; visemes with // differed slightly from those with // and /i/; and there were no differences in viseme identification for // and /i/ contexts. Findings were in general agreement with other studies with respect to the visemes identified, provided it is acknowledged that changes can occur depending on variables such as talkers, stimuli, recording and viewing conditions, training procedures, and statistical criteria. A composite grouping consists of /p,b,m/; /f,v/; /θ,ð/; /w,r/; /t∫,d,∫,/; and /t,d,s,k,n,g,l/.

Intensive research has been devoted to the family of closed-cage carbon nanostructures since the discovery of buckminsterfullerene in 1985.1 Endohedral metallofullerene La@C60, with La inside the cage void space, was already detected the same year and La@C82 was isolated few years later.2 During the last two decades, many different M atoms have been encapsulated inside carbon cages of different sizes, in particular those metals of the lanthanide series.3 More recently, the first metallofullerene containing an actinide, Th@C82, was isolated and characterized.4 Later, other mono-actinidofullerenes as non-IPR U@C80, Th@C80 and U@C76; or IPR U@C82, U@C84 and U@C86 have been also characterized.5 In these actinide endofullerenes, the actinide tends to act with oxidation state +4, which involves an important metal-cage interaction with significant covalent contributions. Consequently, the predictions made by the ionic model are less reliable than for lanthanofullerenes. We here analyze in detail this actinide-cage interaction focusing on symmetry aspects of the cage patterns that mostly stabilize the internal actinide. References Kroto, H. W.; Heath, J. R.; O’Brien, S. C.; Curl, R. F.; Smalley, R. E. Nature 1985, 318, 162-163. a) Heath, J. R.; O’Brien, S. C.; Zhang, Q.; Liu, Y.; Curl, R. F.; Kroto, H. W.;Tittel, F. K.; Smalley, R. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 7779-7780; (b) Chai, Y.; Cuo, T.; Jin, C.; Haufler, R. E.; Felipe Chibante, L. P.; Fure, J.; Wang, L.; Alford, J. M.; Smalley, R. E. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 7564-7568. Popov, A. A.; Yang, S.; Dunsch, L. Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 5989-6113. Wang, Y.; Morales-Martínez, R.; Zhang, X.; Yang, W.; Wang, Y.; Rodriguez-Fortea, A.; Poblet, J. M.; Feng, L.; Wang, S.; Chen, N. J . Am. C hem. Soc. 2017, 139, 5110-5116. a) Cai, W.; Abella, L.; Zhuang, J.; Zhang, X.; Feng, L.; Wang, Y.; Morales-Martínez, R.; Esper, R.; Boero, M.; Metta-Magaña, A.; Rodriguez-Fortea, A.; Poblet, J. M.; Echegoyen, L.; Chen, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 18039-18050; b) Yao, Y.-R.; Roselló, Y.; Ma, L.; Puente Santiago, A. R.; Metta-Magaña, A.; Chen, N.; Rodriguez-Fortea, A.; Poblet, J. M.; Echegoyen, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 15309-15318.

Introduction: In inflammatory bowel disease uncontrolled inflammation may play a role in the early progression of systemic atheromatosis with increased cardiovascular risk. Endothelial dysfunction is mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines but also by an increased level of CRP which is involved in the expression of adhesion molecules and atheroma plaque rupture. Tailored treatment with better control of the ulcerative colitis and endoscopic healing might result in decrease risk of atherothrombotic events. Aim: We decided to use a well-established method (vascular Doppler ultrasound with media-intimate index measurement) to detect an increased incidence of endothelial lesions as predictors of early atheromatosis in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with biological or conventional therapy. Material and methods: We prospectively analyzed 25 patients with RCUH with a mean age of 40 years, 16 with biological treatment. The Student t test, the Mann Whitney U test and the ANOVA test were used to compare continuous variables. Results: A discriminant analysis was performed with the presence of atheroma plaque as a dependent variable and several predictor variables, such as age, triglycerides, cholesterol of patients with ulcerative colitis. Univariate ANOVA analyzes revealed that the presence or absence of atheroma plaque differs in the variables predicting the age, INR and ecoIMT of patients with ulcerative colitis (in the age of patients (F = 8.511, degrees of freedom = 11, p = 0.014) Patients ‚INR (F = 50,437, degrees of freedom = 11, p = 0.001) and Patients’ ecoIMT (F = 7,398, degrees of freedom = 11, p = 0.020) In another analysis of discriminatory function s -introduced the predictor variables specific to measuring the evolution of ulcerative colitis, respectively Mayo and Mayo E (age (F = 0.8511, degrees of freedom = 11, p = 0.014), INR (F = 50.437, degrees of freedom = 11, p = 0.001), ecoIMT (F = 7.398, df = 11, p = 0.020) and Mayo (F = 14.885, degrees of freedom = 11, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Age, endoscopic activity, and INR were correlated with predictive ultrasound changes for atheromatosis. Strengths are the prospective nature of the study and weaknesses are the limited number of patients and the fact that most patients were in remission and treated with biologicals, which could create bias in the sense of reducing the atherosclerotic risk directly correlated with active inflammation.

(francuski) Le petit monast?re de Karyes appel? tou? Plaka a ?t? fonde vers le milieu du XIe siecle. Les signatures de ses higoum?nes figurant sur les actes du Protaton de la Sainte Montagne r?v?lent que cet ?tablissement s?est rapidement range au nombre des monast?res influents. Ceci ressort ?galement de donn?es nous apprenant que deux de ses moines ont ?t? grands ?conomes (1081,1322) et deux autres ?pierr?tes de l?Athos (1294, 1344-1347). Ce monast?re s?est maintenu en tant que tel vraisemblablement jusqu?a la troisi?me d?cennie du XIVe si?cle, lorsque ses repr?sentants commencent a signer avec le terme o Plakaj, que nous comprenons comme celui de Plaka. La r?gression de Plaka au rang de kellion pourrait ?tre mise en relation avec quelque incursion de grande ampleur des Turcs visant Karyes, laquelle se serait ?galement traduite par la d?vastation de plusieurs autres ?tablissements monastiques non prot?ges. Apres 1322, nous ne disposons d?aucune donn?e sur tou? Plaka durant plus de deux d?cennies, et ce jusqu?en septembre 1344, lors qu?un acte du protos Isaac est signe par Th?ophile o Plakaj, epiterete de la Sainte Montagne. Ce dernier ?tait alors aussi membre d?une direction coll?giale de l?Athos, form?e en l?absence du protos Isaac. En d?cembre 1347, un protos, a ce qu?il semble, le serbe Antoine, c?d?, et ce a la demande de l?empereur Stefan Du{an, le kellion appel? Plaka dans la pleine possession du petit monast?re de Saint-Sabbas, hesychasterion de Chilandar. Au titre de cette tradition en faveur de leur monast?re, les moines de Saint-Sabbas devaient, selon l?usage, verser annuellement au Protaton quatre litres de vin et trois litres d?huile. Toutefois, alors que par sa subordination a un autre monastere, tout kellion perdait son statut de personne morale, on constate que Theophile moine et epiterete o Plakaj apparait comme signataire sur le document de d?cembre 1347 par lequel tou? Plaka est c?d? a Saint-Sabbas. Apres cela, et ce durant une longue p?riode on ne trouve aucune signature de repr?sentants tou? Plaka sur les actes de l?Athos. Puis, de 1362 a 1366, on a a nouveau, sur plusieurs d?cisions prises par le protos serbe Dorothee, la signature d?un autre moine du m?me nom - Theophile o Plakaj. Nous savons aussi qu?a partir de 1363 ce dernier r?side au monast?re tou? Menetze et qu?en janvier 1366 il signe en tant que son higoum?ne. A ce qu?il semble ce s?jour a Menetze n??tait toutefois que provisoire. Enfin, un moine o Plakaj - Theodose, Teophile, puis, de nouveau Teodose, participe au travail du Conseil du protos serbe Sava en 1369 et 1371. Tou Plaka apparait ensuite au nombre des kellia que le protos Gerasimos entreprend de recouvrer en faveur du Protaton, ?pres leur remise a divers monast?res par les protoi serbes. Mais, satisfaisant aux dol?ances des moines de Chilandar, ce dernier leur c?d? a nouveau ce m?me ?tablissement en 1375 dans leur pleine possession. Et, a nouveau, l?acte correspondant porte, aux cotes de celles des autres membres du Conseil du protos Gerasimos, la signature du moine Theophile o Plakaj. Par ailleurs, les repr?sentants tou Plaka, a savoir les moines Teodose et Theophile, y compris ?pres cette remise de leur kellion a Chilandar, continuent de participer au travail du Conseil des protoi Gerasimos (1375) et Chariton (1376 et 1377). Il semble qu??pres 1377 Teodose de Plaka ait rejoint le monast?re tou Serviotou. La participation d?un moine o Plakaj au travail du Conseil du protos, et c?y compris ?pres la cession de son kellion, tout d?abord au petit monastere Saint-Sabbas (1347), c.-a-d. a l? hesychaterion de Chilandar puis directement a ce monastere (1375), peut s?expliquer, selon nous, d?une part par le prestige dont jouissait tou Plaka au Protaton et, d?autre part, de toute ?vidence, par certains changements enregistres a l?Athos au cours du XIVe si?cle. Dans ce m?me cadre on peut ici noter les efforts de Saints-Sabbas et de ses moines visant a assurer l?ind?pendance de ce kellion vis-a-vis de Chilandar, alors que starac (geron) de cet ?tablissement participe parfois, lui aussi, au travail du Conseil du protos (ca 1332 et f?vrier 1369). En cons?quence il ?tait acceptable que starac tou Plaka, de toute ?vidence en tant que kellion prestigieux et r?pute de Karyes particip?t, en tant que geron du Protaton au travail du Conseil du protos y compris a l?epoque ou ce kellion etait subordonne a Chilandar. Il semble que l?on perde toute trace de l?ancien monast?re, et par la suite kellion, tou Plaka, ainsi que de quelques autres ?tablissements monastiques, avant la fin du XIVe si?cle. Pour des raisons que nous ignorons, peut-?tre par crainte des attaques des Turcs, certains des habitants de Plaka ont provisoirement s?journe dans les monast?res tou Menetze et peut-?tre tou Serbiotou, qui ?taient assur?ment des ?tablissement offrant une plus grande s?curit?.

This paper discusses the new design of a amplifier for the miniature MEMS-type spectrometer. The application problem of the new amplifier was the correct conditioning of the sensor's photoelectric pulses. The processed signal was a sequence of pulses that had variable both frequency and amplitude value. Thus, such a broadband amplifier should have the functionality of automatic gain control. This paper describes the concept of the new circuit, develops its detailed application, and then performs validation tests. Measurement results of the new circuit are discussed in the final section of the paper. Full Text: PDF ReferencesC. Ortolani, Flow Cytometry Today. Detectors and Electronics, (Springer 2022). pp. 97-119, CrossRef D. Maes, L. Reis, S. Poelman, E. Vissers, V. Avramovic, M. Zaknoune, G. Roelkens, S. Lemey, E. Peytavit, B. Kuyken, "High-Speed Photodiodes on Silicon Nitride with a Bandwidth beyond 100 GHz", Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Optica Publishing Group, (2022). CrossRef R. Das, Y. Xie, A.P. Knights, "All-Silicon Low Noise Photonic Frontend For LIDAR Applications", 2022 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC), IEEE Xplore (2022). CrossRef FEMTO Messtechnik GmbH, Variable Gain Photoreceiver - Fast Optical Power Meter Series OE-200, DirectLink M. Nehir, C. Frank, S. Aßmann, E.P. Achterberg, "Improving Optical Measurements: Non-Linearity Compensation of Compact Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Spectrometers", Sensors 19(12), 2833 (2019). CrossRef F. Thomas,; R. Petzold, C. Becker, U. Werban, "Application of Low-Cost MEMS Spectrometers for Forest Topsoil Properties Prediction", Sensors 21(11), 3927 (2021). CrossRef M. Muhiyudin, D. Hutson, D. Gibson, E. Waddell, S. Song, S. Ahmadzadeh, "Miniaturised Infrared Spectrophotometer for Low Power Consumption Multi-Gas Sensing", Sensors 20(14), 3843 (2020). CrossRef S. Maruyama, T Hizawa, K. Takahashi, K. Sawada, "Optical-Interferometry-Based CMOS-MEMS Sensor Transduced by Stress-Induced Nanomechanical Deflection", Sensors 18(1), 138 (2018). CrossRef S. Merlo, P. Poma, E. Crisà, D. Faralli, M. Soldo, "Testing of Piezo-Actuated Glass Micro-Membranes by Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry", Sensors 17(3), 8 (2017). CrossRef M.S. Wei, F. Xing, B. Li, Z. You, "Investigation of Digital Sun Sensor Technology with an N-Shaped Slit Mask", Sensors 11(10), 9764 (2011). CrossRef Z. Yang, T. Albrow-Owen, W. Cai, T. Hasan, "Miniaturization of optical spectrometers", Science 371, 6528 (2021). CrossRef Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Fingertip size, ultra-compact spectrometer head integrating MEMS and image sensor technologies. DirectLink Microchip Technology Inc, MCP6291/1R/2/3/4/5 1.0 mA 10 MHz Rail-to-Rail Op Amp, CrossRef Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6021/1R/2/3/4 Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 10 MHz Op Amps, CrossRef

Introduction. The organization of primary specialized dental care for children is of paramount importance due to the wide prevalence of lesions the dentoalveolar region, leading to formation of foci of odontogenic infection, which cause diseases of many systems and organs.The objective of the study is to analyze the state of the network and personnel of children’s dental service, identify trends in their dynamics, and determine main indicators of the work.Material and methods. We analyzed materials of official statistical reporting (f. 30) for 5 years on the network of public health organizations providing dental care for children. Research methods - statistics, determination of extensive and intensive indicators, the materiality of their differences using the criterion of reliability t (significant differences were recognized at t>3), time-series analysis. Results. We obtained the data on the availability of child population with pediatric stomatologist, dentists and dental hygienists, staffing, qualifying characteristics. There is a tendency to increasing the staff of stomatologist and dentists, while reducing their staffing. There is a significant deficit among the personnel and staff of dental hygienists. We identified main indicators of the outpatient dental service to provide specialized care for children: frequency of visits by children to stomatologists of different specialties, dentists and dental hygienists, the average number of visits per year for a child and 1 disease, the ratio of preventive visits to treatment, the frequency (per 1000 visits) and structure of different types of dental care for children. Clinic attendance by children for dental and oral diseases was 1318.7 0/00, on average, more than 1.3 visits for a child; there are 2.4 repeated visits per primary visit for the disease. On average, 437.7 out of every thousand visits over 5 years were related to the course of prevention and 265.5 were visits for planned rehabilitation.Conclusions. It is advisable to introduce forms of accounting and reporting documentation for the registration of dental and oral diseases in different age groups of the population, including children (type f. 25-u and f. 12). (of type f. 25 and s. 12).

The article discusses the composition of studied ore-forming solutions and the P-T conditions of molybdenum mineralization in the Pervomaisky stockwork deposit which is situated within the Dzhidinsky ore field (South-Western Transbaikalia, Russia). New geochronological data of zircons from granites, muscovite, and molybdenite from the ore zones indicates the association of the granite formation and ore deposition processes which occurred 119–128 million years ago. Quartz-molybdenite veins of the Pervomaisky deposit were formed at the temperature of ≥314–186 °C with some boiling periods. Fluid inclusions in these veins have total salt concentration of 6.3–12.7 wt. % NaCl equivalent (eq. NaCl). The salt solution is composed of chlorides of Na, Ca, K, and Fe. The gas phase contains CO2, CH4, and N2. A series of elements were determined in fluid inclusions by laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS: Li, Be, B, F, Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ag, Sn, La, Ce, Ta, W, Au, Pb, Th, U. The Mo content reaches 559 ppm (average of 228 ± 190 ppm) in high-grade quartz-molybdenite veinlets, whereas Mo content is up to 212 ppm (average of 25 ± 29 ppm) in the low-grade veinlets. High-grade veinlets were formed by near-neutral solutions with a higher content of Mo, S, and F, while relatively low-grade veinlets were deposited from alkaline solutions. Our results demonstrate the pH of the solutions as one of the key factors for ore deposition.

Estudios experimentales y numéricos han centrado el interés en el campo de flujo con superficies de paredes dentadas y cavidades, donde la turbulencia del flujo son captadas en imágenes con la técnica Schlieren y recreadas con códigos computacionales. En el presente trabajo, se realiza un estudio numérico para el flujo de aire en un ducto recto con paredes dentadas para seis casos de presión. El flujo se simuló para un dominio computacional 2D con el código ANSYS-Fluent, para lo cual se empleó el modelo RANS en conjunto con el modelo de turbulencia de Menter. Se obtuvieron los campos de número de Mach, velocidad, presión y temperatura con presencia de remolinos y ondas de choque. En ciertas regiones el flujo presentó desviaciones al chocar con las esquinas de los dientes, por lo cual originó fluctuaciones inducidas de los parámetros termodinámicos aguas abajo y hacia la región del centro; en los espacios entre dientes se presentó remolinos; al final del último diente se presentó ondas de choque oblicuas. Se concluye que la sección dentada incrementa la turbulencia e influye a que la velocidad del flujo tenga un incremento escalonado en régimen transónico. Palabras Clave: ducto, flujo de aire, fluctuación, onda de choque, pared dentada, simulación. Referencias [1]J. Blazek, Computational fluid dynamics: principles and applications. Butterworth- Heinemann, 2015. [2]B. Andersson, R. Andersson, L. Håkansson, M. Mortensen, R. Sudiyo, B. van Wachem, y L. Hellström, Computational Fluid Dynamics Engineers. Cambridge University Press, 2012. [3]T. V. Karman, “The fundamentals of the statistical theory of turbulence,” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 131–138, 1937. doi: 10.2514/8.350. [4]F. White, Viscous fluid flow. McGraw-Hill Education, 2005. [5]H. Schlichting, Boundary-layer theory. McGraw-Hill classic textbook reissue series, 2016. [6]J. D. Anderson, Fundamentals of aerodynamics. McGraw-Hill series in aeronautical and aerospace engineering, 2017. [7]D. C. Wilcox, Turbulence modeling for CFD. DCW Industries, 2006. [8]P. Krehl y S. Engemann, “August toepler — the first who visualized shock waves,” Shock Waves, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–18, Jun 1995. doi: 10.1007/BF02425031. [9]G. S. Settles, “Toma ultrarrápida de imágenes de ondas de choque, explosiones y disparos,” Revista Investigación y Ciencia, pp. 74-83, May. 2006. https://www.investigacionyciencia.es [10]H. Hirahara, M. Kawahashi, M. U, Khan y K. Hourigan, “Experimental investigation of fluid dynamic instability in a transonic cavity flow,” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 31, pp. 333–347, 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2006.05.007. [11]S. L. Tolentino, S. Caraballo, J. Toledo, J. Mírez y C. Torres, “Oscilaciones de la velocidad del flujo en un ducto recto con cavidades rectangulares,” XVI Jornadas de Investigación 2018, UNEXPO Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela, pp. 34-39, 2018. [12]S. Jeyakumar, K. A. Yuvaraj, K. Jayaraman, F. Cardona y M. T. Sultan, “Effect of cavity fore wall modifications in supersonic flow,” Conference, Materials Science and Engineering, 152, pp. 1-7, 2016. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/152/1/012002. [13]S. L. Tolentino and S. Caraballo, “Estudio del flujo de aire en un conducto recto con pared dentada,” XIV Jornadas de Investigación 2016, UNEXPO Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela, pp. 203-210, 2016. [14]F. White, Fluids Mechanics. McGraw-Hill Education, 2016. [15]F. R. Menter, “Two equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications,” AIAA Journal, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1598-1605, 1994. doi: 10.2514/3.12149. [16]S. L. B. Tolentino Masgo, “Evaluación de modelos de turbulencia para el flujo de aire en una tobera plana,” Revista Ingenius, no. 22, pp. 25-37, Julio-Diciembre 2019. doi: 10.17163/ings.n22.2019.03. [17]S. L. B. Tolentino Masgo, “Evaluación de modelos de turbulencia para el flujo de aire en un difusor transónico,” Revista Politécnica, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 25-38, 2020. doi: 10.3333/rp.vol45n1.03.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the audience practices of the TV series as a type of visual culture of Postmodern. Parameters of the transformation of Modern visual practices in the context of the series presenting as a culture industry and their role in changing the anthropological model are considered. The significance of the consumption of TV series as a type of postmodern cultural industry, which produces a human as a TV series-viewer, is postulated. Such visual means of the serial industry as spoilers, suspense, Easter eggs, which are producing postmodernist types of visual interactivity, are revealed. Appealing to the basic concepts of postmodernist philosophy allows the author to research the following transformations of the audience practices connected to the TV series: fragmentation as opposed to a consistent and complete system as a modern form of hierarchy, speaking out against the conventional authorities – the "death of the author", irony, equal game-like participation of both authors and consumers. The basic characteristics of Postmodern culture are represented by an analysis of the works of such authors as U. Eko, I. Hasan, T. Adorno and M. Horkheimer, Z. Bauman, J. Baudrillard, S. Lash, F. Jameson, M. Foucault, P. Bourdieu, J. Liotard. The study of the series is a productive area of scientific research in the field of humanitarian knowledge as foreign (J. Mittell, M. Fleisfeder, M. Voitin, V. Kurinny, A. Khitrov, K. Pevzner, O. Akopov, N. Zakharchenko, I. Tuzovsky, Y. Belenkiy), as well as domestic (M. Sobutsky, L. Voznesensky, and others) researchers who consider this concept in various aspects. Postmodern, producing a new cultural product – a series, and even the production of a new cultural industry for the production of serials is not only limited to the industrialization of culture, but is carried out as a culture of industry – the viewer of the series is produced as a postmodern anthropological model. In this way, the "social implosion" is carried out – since the type of production of the new anthropological model does not become discursive and disciplinary practices (purely social instruments of human production, that is, a direct type of influence of a person on the person, or only through the medium of knowledge), and their own cultural anthropologies of anthropology are formed. models as a (global) cultural industry (the series itself).

Oceanic internal waves forced by a latitude-independent wind field travelling eastward at speed U is investigated, extending the hydrostatic f-plane model of Kundu & Thomson (1985). The ocean has a well-mixed surface layer overlying a stratified interior with a depth-dependent buoyancy frequency N(z), and f can vary with latitude. Solutions are found by decomposition into vertical normal modes. Problems discussed are (i) the response to a slowly moving line front, and (ii) the response in a variable f ocean.For the slowly moving line front assuming a depth-independent N, the trailing waves are found to have large frequencies, and the vertical acceleration ∂w/∂t is important (that is the dynamics are non-hydrostatic) if the frequency ω is larger than a few times (Nf)½. The wake contains waves associated with all vertical modes, in contrast to hydrostatic dynamics in which slowly moving line fronts do not generate trailing waves of low-order modes. It is argued that slowly moving wind fields can provide an explanation for the frequently observed broad peak in the spectrum of vertical motion at a frequency somewhat smaller than N, and of the vertical coherence of the associated waves in the upper ocean.To study lower-frequency internal waves, the hydrostatic constant-f model of Kundu & Thomson is extended to variable f. Various sections through such a flow clearly illustrate the development of a meridional wavelength λy = 2π/βt as predicted by D'Asaro (1989), in addition to the zonal wavelength λx due to translation of the wind. The two effects combine to cause a greater horizontal inhomogeneity, so that energy from the surface layer descends quickly, travelling equatorward and downward. Since waves at any point arrive from different latitudes, spectra no longer consist of discrete peaks but are more continuous and broader than those in the constant-f model. The waves are more intermittent because of the larger spectral width, and vertically less correlated in the thermocline because of a larger bandwidth of vertical modes. The vertical correlation in the deep ocean, however, is still high because the response is dominated by one or two low-order modes after 30 days of integration. As U decreases, the larger bandwidth of frequency increases the intermittency, and the larger bandwidth of vertical wavenumber decreases the vertical correlation. A superposition of travelling wind events intensifies the high-frequency end of the spectrum; a month-long travelling series of realistic strength can generate waves with amplitudes of order 4 cm/s in the deep ocean.It is suggested that propagating winds and linear dynamics are responsible for the generation of a large fraction of internal waves in the ocean at all depths. The main effect of nonlinearity and mean flow may be to shape the internal wave spectra to a ω-2 form.

Japanese spiraea (Spiraea japonica L.f.), belonging to Rosaceae, is widely planted for its ornamental value in China. Since July 2011, powdery mildew infections on leaves and stems of Japanese spiraea have been noticed in some parks and gardens of Chengyang District in Qingdao City, China (GPS coordinates 36°31′04.22″ N, 120°39′41.92″ E). Symptoms first appeared as white spots covered with mycelium on both side of the leaves and young stems. As the disease progressed, abundant mycelial growth covered the whole shoots and caused growth reduction and leaf distortion with or without reddening. A voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium of Qingdao Agricultural University (Accession No. HMQAU13013). Hyphae were flexuous to straight, branched, septate, 5 to 7 μm wide, and had nipple-shaped appressoria. Conidiophores arising from the upper surface of hyphal cells produced 2 to 5 immature conidia in chains with a crenate outline. Foot-cells of conidiophores were straight, 60 to 125 × 7 to 9 μm, and followed by 1 to 2 shorter cells. Conidia were ellipsoid-ovoid to doliiform, measured 25 to 32 × 12 to 15 μm with a length/width ratio of 1.8 to 2.6, and had distinct fibrosin bodies. Chasmothecia were not found. The structures and measurements were compatible with the anamorphic state of Podosphaera spiraeae (Sawada) U. Braun & S. Takam. as described before (1). The identity of HMQAU13013 was further confirmed by analysis of nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 (4). The resulting 564-bp sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KF500426). A GenBank BLAST search of complete ITS sequence showed 100% identity with that of P. spiraeae on S. cantoniensis (AB525940). A pathogenicity test was conducted through inoculation by gently pressing a diseased leaf onto five healthy leaves of a potted Japanese spiraea. Five non-inoculated leaves served as controls. The plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 22°C. Inoculated leaves developed typical symptoms of powdery mildew after 5 days, but the non-inoculated leaves remained symptomless. The fungus presented on the inoculated plant was morphologically identical to that originally observed on diseased plants, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Powdery mildew of S. japonica caused by P. spiraeae has been recorded in Japan, Poland, and Switzerland (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by P. spiraeae on Japanese spiraea in China. References: (1) U. Braun and R. T. A. Cook. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews), CBS Biodiversity Series No.11. CBS, Utrecht, 2012. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ September 10, 2013. (3) T. Kobayashi. Index of Fungi Inhabiting Woody Plants in Japan. Host, Distribution and Literature. Zenkoku-Noson-Kyoiku Kyokai Publishing Co. Ltd., Tokyo, 2007. (4) S. Matsuda and S. Takamatsu. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 27:314, 2003.

This paper presents a brief review on the ternary phase equilibria in the ternary AV–BVI–I systems (AV = Sb, Bi; BVI = S, Se, Te). These systems includes the series of ternary compounds those are very attractive source materials for photo-, thermos- and ferroelectric energy transformation along the recently discovered semiconductors that exhibit Rashba-type spin splitting in their surface states. In the Rashba semiconductors, a unique toroidal 3D Fermi surface appears on the crystal surface, which leads to unusual properties that make it possible to realize unique electronic devices based on these compounds. The thorough knowledge on the ternary phase diagram of these systems shed light on the chemical and structural design of new multifunctional materials with tunable properties. This knowledge is very important whenfocusing on the chemistry of such multifunctional materials based on complex element systems. REFERENCES Audzijonis A., Sereika R., Ћaltauskas R. 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V., Popovkin B.A. Crystal structures of bismuth tellurohalides BiTeX (X = Cl, Br, I) from X-ray powder diffraction data. J. Solid State Chem., 1995, v. 114(2), pp. 379–395. https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1995.1058 Aliev Z. S., Jafarov Y. I., Jafarli F. Y., Shevelkov A. V., Babanly M. B. The phase equilibria in the Bi–S–I ternary system and thermodynamic properties of the BiSI and Bi19S27I3 ternary compounds. J. Alloys Compd. 2014, v. 610, pp. 522–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.05.015 Ryazantsev T. A., Varekha L. M., Popovkin B. A., Novoselova A. V. P-T-x phase diagram of the BiI3–Bi2S3 system. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Neorg. Mater., 1970, v. 6, pp. 1175–1179. (in Russ.) Oppermann H., Petasch U. Zu den pseudobinären Zustandssystemen Bi2Ch3-BiX3 und den ternären Phasen auf diesen Schnitten (Ch = S, Se, Te; X = Cl, Br, I), I: Bismutsulfi dhalogenide/The Pseudobinary Systems Bi2Ch3–BiX3 and the Ternary Phases on their Boundary Lines (Ch = S, Se, Te; X = Cl, Br, I), I: Bismuth Sulfi de Halides. Z. Naturforsch. 2003, v. 58b, pp. 725–740. https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-0803 (in German) Haase-Wessel W. Die Kristallstruktur des Wismutsulfi djodids (BiSJ). Naturwissenschaften, 1973, v. 60, pp. 474–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00592859 (in German) Miehe G., Kupcik V. Die Kristallstruktur des Bi(Bi2S3)9J3. Naturwissenschaften, 1971, v. 58, pp. 219–219. DOI: 10.1007/bf00591851 (in German) Turjanica I. D., Zajachkovskii N. F., Zajachkovskaja N. F., Kozmanko I. I. Investigation of the BiI3–Bi2Se3 system. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Neorg. Mater., 1974, v. 11(10), p. 1884. (in Russ.) Belotskii D. P., Lapsin V. F., Baichuk R. F. The BiI3–Bi2Se3 system. Izv. Akad. Nauk Neorg. Mater., 1971, v. 7(11), p. 1936. (in Russ.) Dolgikh V. A., Odin I. N., Popovkin B. A., Novoselova A. V. P-T-x phase diagram of the BiI3–Bi2Se3 system. Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Dep. VINITI., 1973, v. 23(3), Dep. No. 5683-73. (in Russ.) Dolgikh V. A., Popovkin B. A., Ivanova G. I., Novoselova A. V. Investigation of the sublimation of the SbSeI and BiSeI. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Neorg. Mater., 1975, v. 11(4), p. 637. (in Russ.) Petasch U., Goebel H., Oppermann H. Untersuchungen zum quasibinären System Bi2Se3/BiI3. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1998, v. 624, p. 1767. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3749(1998110)624:11<1767::aidzaac1767>3.0.co;2-t (in German) Doenges E. Z. Über Chalkogenohalogenide des dreiwertigen Antimons und Wismuts. II. Über Selenohalogenide des dreiwertigen Antimons und Wismuts und über Antimon(III)-selenid Mit 2 Abbildungen. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1950, v. 263(5–6), pp. 280–291. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19502630508 (in German) Braun T. P., DiSalvo F. J. Bismuth selenide iodide. Acta Crystallogr., 2000, v. C56(1), pp. e1–e2. https://doi.org/10.1107/s0108270199016017 Chervenyuk G. I., Babyuk P. F., Belotskii D. P., Chervenyuk T. G. Phase equilibria in the Bi–Se–I system along the BiSeI–Bi and BiSeI–BiI sections. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Neorg. Mater., 1982, v. 18, pp. 1569–1572. (in Ukr.) Babanly M. B., Tedenac J. C., Aliev Z. S., Balitsky D. M. Phase equilibriums and thermodynamic properties of the system Bi–Te–I. J. Alloys Compd., 2009, v. 481, pp. 349–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.02.139 Horak J., Rodot H. Preparation de cristaux du compose BiTeI. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Serie B, 1968, v. 267(6), pp. 363–366. Valitova N. R., Aleshin V. A., Popovkin B. A., Novoselova A. V. Investigation of the P-T-x phase diagram for the BiI3–Bi2Te3 system. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Neorg. Mater., 1976, v. 12(2), pp. 225–228. (in Russ.) Tomokiyo A., Okada T., Kawanos S. Phase diagram of system (Bi2Te3)–(BiI3) and crystal structure of BiTeI. Jpn. J. Appl. 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Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam., known as Japanese silver leaf, is native to Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. It is grown as an ornamental plant for garden plantings and containers not only in East Asia but more recently also in Europe and North America. Since 2003, powdery mildew infections of F. japonicum ‘Gigantea’ have been consistently found in the southern part of Korea, including the districts of Jeju, Seogwipo, Busan, Wando, and Ulleungdo. Specimens have been deposited in the Korea University Herbarium (KUS). Signs of powdery mildew first appeared as circular to irregular white patches on both sides of the leaves. The infections were usually severe on young leaves and caused malformation and browning. Appressoria on the mycelium were nipple-shaped or nearly absent. Conidiophores, measuring 160 to 280 × 10 to 12.5 μm, were simple and produced 2 to 12 immature conidia in chains, followed by 2 to 3 cells. Foot-cells in conidiophores were relatively short, 50 to 95 μm long, and constricted at the base. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoid to ovate, 32 to 48 × 17.5 to 25 μm (length/width ratio = 1.4 to 2.3), had distinct fibrosin bodies, and produced germ tubes on the lateral position. No chasmothecia were observed. The morphology and dimentions of reproductive structures were compatible with those of Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun & Shishkoff (1). To confirm the identity of the causal fungus, the complete ITS region of rDNA from isolate KUS-F26469 was amplified with primers ITS5 and P3 (4) and directly sequenced. The resulting sequence of 475 bp was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC155426). A GenBank BLAST search of this sequence revealed 100% identity (475/475 bp) with those of many P. fusca isolates on plants in the Aster family plants including Calendula officinalis, Euryops pectinatus, Syneilesis palmata, and F. japonicum from Japan (e.g., AB040346). The P. fusca isolates listed above are now placed in P. xanthii (1). Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation by gently pressing diseased leaves onto leaves of three healthy potted plants of the same cultivar. Three non-inoculated plants served as controls. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25 ± 2°C. Inoculated plants developed typical signs and symptoms of powdery mildew after 8 days, whereas the control plants remained symptomless. The fungus present on the inoculated leaves was morphologically identical to that originally observed on diseased plants. Powdery mildew infections of F. japonicum caused by P. fusca (syn. P. fuliginea) have been reported previously in both Japan and Korea (2). In Korea, it was listed simply as a host fungus of Ampelomyces quisqualis, which is hyperparasitic to powdery midlews, without any data on its identity (3). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of powdery mildew caused by P. xanthii on F. japonicum in Korea. References: (1) U. Braun and R. T. A. Cook. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews), CBS Biodiversity Series No.11. CBS, Utrecht, 2012. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., Online publication, ARS, USDA, Retrieved November 14, 2012. (3) M. J. Park et al. Fungal Biol. 114:235, 2010. (4) S. Takamatsu et al. Mycol. Res. 113:117, 2009.

Problem solving skills are very important in supporting social development. Children with problem solving skills can build healthy relationships with their friends, understand the emotions of those around them, and see events with other people's perspectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of playing unplugged coding programs in improving early childhood problem solving skills. This study used a classroom action research design, using the Kemmis and Taggart cycle models. The subjects of this study were children aged 5-6 years in Shafa Marwah Kindergarten. Research can achieve the target results of increasing children's problem-solving abilities after going through two cycles. In the first cycle, the child's initial problem-solving skills was 67.5% and in the second cycle it increased to 80.5%. The initial skills of children's problem-solving increases because children tend to be enthusiastic and excited about the various play activities prepared by the teacher. The stimulation and motivation of the teacher enables children to find solutions to problems faced when carrying out play activities. So, it can be concluded that learning unplugged coding is an activity that can attract children's interest and become a solution to bring up children's initial problem-solving abilities. Keywords: Early Childhood, Unplugged Coding, Problem solving skills References: Akyol-Altun, C. (2018). Algorithm and coding education in pre-school teaching program integration the efectiveness of problem-solving skills in students. Angeli, C., Smith, J., Zagami, J., Cox, M., Webb, M., Fluck, A., & Voogt, J. (2016). A K-6 Computational Thinking Curriculum Framework: Implications for Teacher Knowledge. Educational Technology & Society, 12. Anlıak, Ş., & Dinçer, Ç. (2005). Farklı eğitim yaklaşımları uygulayan okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden çocukların kişilerarası problem çözme becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakülte Dergis. Aranda, G., & Ferguson, J. P. (2018). Unplugged Programming: The future of teaching computational thinking? Pedagogika, 68(3). https://doi.org/10.14712/23362189.2018.859 Arinchaya Threekunprapa. (2020). Patterns of Computational Thinking Development while Solving Unplugged Coding Activities Coupled with the 3S Approach for Self_Directed Learning. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(3), 1025–1045. Arı, M. (2003). Türkiye’de erken çocukluk eğitimi ve kalitenin önemiNo Title. Erken Çocuklukta Gelişim ve Eğitimde Yeni Yaklaşımlar. Armoni, M. (2012). Teaching CS in kindergarten: How early can the pipeline begin? ACM Inroads, 3(4), 18–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/2381083.2381091 Aydoğan, Y. (2004). 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How to learn and how to teach computational thinking: Suggestions based on a review of the literature. Computers & Education, 126, 296–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.004 Ismail, M. N., Ngah, N. A., & Umar, I. N. (2010). Instructional strategy in the teaching of computer programming: A need assessment analyses. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology. Ismail, M. N., Ngah, N. A., & Umar, I. N. (2010). Instructional Strategy in The Teaching of Computer Programming: A Need Assessment Analyses. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2), 7. Jitendra, A. K., Petersen-Brown, S., Lein, A. E., Zaslofsky, A. F., Kunkel, A. K., Jung, P.-G., & Egan, A. M. (2013). Teaching Mathematical Word Problem Solving: The Quality of Evidence for Strategy Instruction Priming the Problem Structure. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 48(1), 51–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219413487408 Joohi Lee. (2019). Coding in early childhood. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood. Kalyuga, S., Renkl, A., & Paas, F. (2010). Facilitating flexible problem solving: A cognitive load perspective. Educational Psychology Review. Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-67-2 Kesicioğlu, O. S. (2015). Okul öncesi dönem çocukların kişilerarası problem çözme becerilerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim. Koksal Akyol, A. ve Didin, E. (2016). Ahlak gelisimi [Moral development]. In Cocuk Gelisimi icinde [In Child Development]. Lazakidou, G., & Retalis, S. (2010). Using computer supported collaborative learning strategies for helping students acquire self-regulated problem-solving skills in mathematics. Computers & Education, 54(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.02.020 Looi, C.-K., How, M.-L., Longkai, W., Seow, P., & Liu, L. (2018). Analysis of linkages between an unplugged activity and the development of computational thinking. 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Solidago gigantea Aiton (syn. S. serotina Aiton), known as giant goldenrod, is native to North America and has been invasive in Europe and Asia. In Korea, this plant was accidentally introduced around the 1960s and has become widely naturalized by replacing indigenous plants and disrupting the native ecosystem (3). In October 2012, hundreds of giant goldenrod plants growing wild in riverine areas and roadsides were found affected by a powdery mildew in Busan, Korea. Voucher specimens were deposited in the Korea University Herbarium (KUS). Symptoms first appeared as circular to irregular white patches, which subsequently showed abundant hyphal growth on both sides of the leaves. Appressoria on the mycelium were nipple-shaped to moderately lobed. Conidiophores measured 120 to 240 × 10 to 12.5 μm, were arising laterally from hyphal mother cells, and produced 2 to 6 immature conidia in chains with a sinuate outline, followed by 2 to 3 cells. Foot-cells in conidiophores were 42 to 70 μm long and characterized by a distinctly curved base. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoid to ovate, measured 28 to 42 × 17 to 24 μm (length/width ratio = 1.4 to 2.1), contained small oil drops, lacked distinct fibrosin bodies, and produced germ tubes on the subterminal position. No chasmothecia were observed. The morphological characteristics described above were typical of the Euoidium type anamorph of the genus Golovinomyces, and the fungus measurements and structures were consistent with those of G. asterum var. solidaginis U. Braun (1). To confirm the identity of the causal fungus, the complete ITS region of rDNA from isolate KUS-F27219 was amplified with primers ITS5 and P3 (4) and sequenced. The resulting 508-bp sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC513763). A GenBank BLAST search of this sequence revealed >99% similarity with the ITS sequences of G. cichoracearum from Australia (GQ183940 ex Solidago sp.) and Japan (AB077625 ex S. altissima L. and AB077627 ex S. virgaurea subsp. asiatica Kitam. ex Hara). The G. cichoracearum isolates on Solidago spp. listed above are now placed in G. asterum var. solidaginis (1). Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation by gently pressing diseased leaves onto leaves of five healthy potted giant goldenrods. Five non-inoculated plants served as controls. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 24 to 30°C. Inoculated plants developed signs and symptoms after 7 days, whereas the control plants remained symptomless. The fungus present on inoculated plants was morphologically identical to that originally observed, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Association of S. gigantea with Golovinomyces powdery mildews has been known in North America, South America, Europe, New Zealand, Central Asia (Iran, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan), and Japan (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by G. asterum var. solidaginis on S. gigantea in Korea. Our field observations suggest that the powdery mildew could be a limiting factor to suppress the expansion of this invasive weed in Korea. References: (1) U. Braun and R. T. A. Cook. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews), CBS Biodiversity Series No.11. CBS, Utrecht, 2012. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., Online publication, ARS, USDA, retrieved January 22, 2013. (3) S. M. Oh et al. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 22:280, 2002. (4) S. Takamatsu et al. Mycol. Res. 113:117, 2009.

The random first order transition theory (RFOT) describing the transition from a supercooled liquid to an ideal glass has been actively developed over the last twenty years. This theory is formulated in a way that allows a description of the transition from the initial equilibrium state to the final metastable state without considering any kinetic processes. The RFOT and its applications for real molecular systems (multicomponent liquids with various intermolecular potentials, gel systems, etc.) are widely represented in English-language sources. However, these studies are practically not described in any Russian sources. This paper presents an overview of the studies carried out in this field. REFERENCES 1. Sanditov D. S., Ojovan M. I. Relaxation aspectsof the liquid—glass transition. Uspekhi FizicheskihNauk. 2019;189(2): 113–133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.2018.04.0383192. Tsydypov Sh. B., Parfenov A. N., Sanditov D. S.,Agrafonov Yu. V., Nesterov A. S. 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We consider fourth-order boundary value problemsu′′′′(t)=λh(t)f(u(t)), 0<t<1, u(0)=∫01‍u(s)dα(s), u′(0)=u(1)=u′(1)=0, where∫01‍u(s)dα(s)is a Stieltjes integral withα(t)being nondecreasing andα(t)being not a constant on[0,1];h(t)may be singular att=0andt=1,h∈C((0,1),[0,∞))withh(t)≢0on any subinterval of(0,1);f∈C([0,∞),[0,∞))andf(s)>0for alls>0, andf0=∞, f∞=0, f0=lims→0+f(s)/s, f∞=lims→+∞f(s)/s.We investigate the global structure of positive solutions by using global bifurcation techniques.

Students of Elementary School Teacher Education programs must be able to have higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) so that they can train students to have HOTS through learning activities created when they have become elementary school teachers. This study aims to explain students' high-level thinking skills in solving HOTS-oriented questions in Instructional Evaluation courses. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques using cognitive test instruments in the form of descriptions. Data analysis techniques use simple descriptive statistics. The results showed the level of thinking ability of students in answering HOTS practice questions still needed improvement. Students who have high learning abilities are better at answering HOTS-oriented questions compared to students in the medium and low categories. Recommendations for future research are required learning modules that can facilitate learning activities that lead to HOTS so that students are skilled in answering and making HOTS-oriented practice questions for elementary school students when they become a teacher. References Abdullah, Abdul Halim; Mokhtar, Mahani; Halim, Noor Dayana Abd; Ali, Dayana Farzeeha; Tahir, Lokman Mohd; Kohar, U. H. A. (2017). Mathematics Teachers’ Level of Knowledge and Practice on the Implementation of Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00601a Altun, M., & Akkaya, R. (2014). Mathematics teachers’ comments on PISA math questions and our country’s students’ low achievement levels. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(1), 19–34. Bakry, & Md Nor Bakar. (2015). The process of thinking among Junior High School students in solving HOTS question. 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Most conventional batteries today employ organic liquid electrolytes (LEs) that are not only flammable, but also serve as a medium for irreversible side reactions at the electrode interfaces, especially when metal is used as electrode. In post-lithium systems, such as potassium batteries, this issue is even more pronounced due to a higher reactivity of the metal as compared to lithium, and typically results in electrochemical instability leading to a rapid capacity fade of the battery.[1] When switching from LEs to solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) that typically show better electrochemical stability at low (< 0.5 V vs. K+/K) and high (> 4 V vs. K+/K) potentials due to polymers inherent inertness, enhanced cycle life of the battery is expected.[2] Moreover, well-known disadvantage of SPEs in Li-based batteries, i.e., poor ionic conductivity at ambient temperature, could be overcome in systems with larger cation size, e.g. K+ [3,4], potentially removing some of the bottlenecks previously encountered in the case of Li-transport. In this presentation, a series of poly(ethylene oxide) - potassium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (PEO-KTFSI) compositions with different salt concentration was investigated for their potential application as SPEs in potassium metal batteries. To identify the most promising candidate in terms of ion transport and mechanical integrity, the effect of KTFSI concentration on thermal, rheological and electrochemical properties was studied. Several electrolyte compositions were examined in solid-state potassium batteries with a potassium metal negative electrode, and a positive electrode from Prussian blue analogue family. Our results reveal the advantages of solid-state systems with respect to improved capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency as compared to the reference system with carbonate-based LE, as demonstrated in Figure 1, thus paving the way for a new generation of potassium batteries with significantly improved key performance parameters. Figure 1. Comparison of potassium half-cells employing different electrolyte systems: carbonate-based liquid electrolyte (LE) vs. PEO-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) (a) capacity retention and (b) corresponding Coulombic efficiencies. [1] H. Wang, D. Zhai, F. Kang, Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 4583–4608. [2] J. Mindemark, M. J. Lacey, T. Bowden, D. Brandell, Prog. Polym. Sci. 2018, 81, 114–143. [3] M. Perrier, S. Besner, C. Paquette, A. Vallée, S. Lascaud, J. Prud’homme, Electrochim. Acta 1995, 40, 2123–2129. [4] U. Oteo, M. Martinez-Ibañez, I. Aldalur, E. Sanchez-Diez, J. Carrasco, M. Armand, H. Zhang, ChemElectroChem 2019, 6, 1019–1022. Figure 1

Prunus hypoleuca (≡ Maddenia hypoleuca), a native plant in China, grows in the Qinling Mountains that lie at the intersection of several forest regions in north, central, and southwest China. In October 2013, P. hypoleuca suffering from heavy powdery mildew infections was found with approximately 75% of the plants affected. The powdery mildew at first appeared as circular to irregular white patches, which subsequently showed abundant hyphal growth on both sides of leaves, leading to the withering of the leaves. A voucher specimen was maintained in the Mycological Herbarium of Northwest A & F University (Accession No. HMNWAFU-CF 2013166). Hyphal appressoria were nipple-shaped or nearly absent. Conidiophores were cylindrical, measured 83 to 110 × 10 to 12.5 μm, and produced two to five immature conidia in chains with a crenate outline. Foot-cells of conidiophores were straight, cylindrical, and 28 to 62 × 7 to 10 μm. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoid to ovate, and measured 20 to 32 × 14 to 21 μm (length/width ratio 1.4:1.8). Chasmothecia were scattered or gregarious, depressed globose, and 65 to 112 μm in diameter. Appendages, arising from the upper half of the chasmothecia, usually had two to four dichotomous branches, and were one to three and a half times as long as the chasmothecial diameter. A single ascus in a chasmothecium was subglobose or broadly ellipsoid-ovoid, measured 66 to 86 × 47 to 76 μm and contained six to eight ascospores. The ascospores were ellipsoid-ovoid and 15 to 27 × 12 to 18 μm. The fungus was identified as Podosphaera tridactyla based on its anamorph and teleomorph characteristics (1,2). To confirm the identification, 28S rDNA and the ITS region were amplified. The ITS5/P3 and then PM5/ITS4 primers were used to amplify the ITS region by nested PCR. The primers LSU1/LSU2 were used to amplify the 28S rDNA, and the cloned fragments were sequenced. The 28S rDNA and ITS region sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KJ879240 and KM213121). A GenBank BLAST search of two sequences revealed 99% identity with P. tridactyla infecting Prunus salicina Lindl. in Korea (3). Based on ITS and a 28S rDNA phylogenetic tree, the two sequences retrieved from the Chinese specimen clustered within a strongly supported clade (bootstrap value = 100%) with P. tridactyla (JQ517296 and AB022393, respectively). Cladistic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining method with the Kimura two-parameter substitution model in MEGA 5.0. Branch robustness was assessed via bootstrap analysis with 1,000 replicates. Phylogenetic analysis data were in agreement with morphological characters (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by P. tridactyla on P. hypoleuca. While Koch's postulates have not been carried out because of the biotrophic nature of the pathogen, the present report serves as a novel resource in order to improve the understanding of the etiology and epidemiology of the powdery mildew (P. tridactyla) on P. hypoleuca. The occurrence of P. tridactyla, a common powdery mildew on Prunus s. lat., supports recently published results of phylogenetic analyses of the Prunus complex, indicating that Maddenia must be reduced to synonymy with Prunus (4). References: (1) U. Braun. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 89:1, 1987. (2) U. Braun and R. T. A. Cook. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews), CBS Biodiversity Series No. 11. CBS, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2012. (3) S. C. Lee et al. Res. Plant Dis. 18:49, 2012. (4) J. Wen and W. T. Shi. PhytoKeys 17(2):39, 2012.

El uso de murallas desde los primeros momentos de la sedentarización ha buscado el cierre de asentamientos y, aunque generalmente estas construcciones procuraban la protección de sus habitantes, pudieron jugar también un papel importante en aspectos como la demostración de fuerza o de independencia política, jurídica e incluso como ornamento. En el presente trabajo realizamos una visión diacrónica de las estructuras en piedra, con especial interés de aquellas estudiadas en el marco de los proyectos de investigación desarrollados por el Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Granada, mostrándose nuevos datos procedentes de nuestros archivos recientemente digitalizados y que permiten observar de una manera más detallada la fábrica de algunas de ellas, lo que demuestra los cambios de hábitos constructivos y su adaptación a los cambios culturales. Palabras Clave: Estructuras defensivas, Edad del Cobre, Edad del Bronce, Bronce FinalTopónimos: Península IbéricaPeriodo: Edad del Cobre, Edad del Bronce ABSTRACTThe use of walls from the earliest moments of sedentarisation has sought to enclose settlements and, although the goal of these constructions has generally been the protection of their inhabitants, they may have played an important role in aspects such as the demonstration of strength or political and legal independence, and even as ornamentation. This paper presents a diachronic view of stone wall structures, with particular focus on those studied within the framework of the research projects carried out by the Department of Prehistory and Archaeology of the University of Granada. New data from our recently digitalised archives are included, enabling us to observe in greater detail the construction of some of these structures, evidencing changes in building habits and their adaptation to cultural changes. 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Consider the linear partial neutral functional differential equations with nonautonomous past of the form (?/?t) F(u(t, ?)) = BFu(t, ?) + ?u(t, ?), t ? 0; (? / ?t) u(t, s) = (? / ?s) u(t, s) + A(s)u(t, s), t ? 0 ? s, where the function u(?, ?) takes values in a Banach space X. Under appropriate conditions on the difference operator F and the delay operator ? we prove that the solution semigroup for this system of equations is hyperbolic (or admits an exponential dichotomy) provided that the backward evolution family U = (U(t, s))t?s?0 generated by A(s) is uniformly exponentially stable and the operator B generates a hyperbolic semigroup (etB)t?0 on X. Furthermore, under the positivity conditions on (etB)t?0, U, F and ? we prove that the above-mentioned solution semigroup is positive and then show a sufficient condition for the exponential stability of this solution semigroup.

Abstract In this paper, we study the following generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation u t + u x x x + ( h ( u ) ) x = D x − 1 Δ y u , {u}_{t}+{u}_{xxx}+{\left(h\left(u))}_{x}={D}_{x}^{-1}{\Delta }_{y}u, where ( t , x , y ) ∈ R + × R × R N − 1 \left(t,x,y)\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{+}\times {\mathbb{R}}\times {{\mathbb{R}}}^{N-1} , N ≥ 2 N\ge 2 , D x − 1 f ( x , y ) = ∫ − ∞ x f ( s , y ) d s {D}_{x}^{-1}f\left(x,y)={\int }_{-\infty }^{x}f\left(s,y){\rm{d}}s , f t = ∂ f ∂ t {f}_{t}=\frac{\partial f}{\partial t} , f x = ∂ f ∂ x {f}_{x}=\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} and Δ y = ∑ i = 1 N − 1 ∂ 2 ∂ y i 2 {\Delta }_{y}={\sum }_{i=1}^{N-1}\frac{{\partial }^{2}}{{\partial }_{{y}_{i}}^{2}} . We get the existence of infinitely many nontrivial solutions under certain assumptions in bounded domain without Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition. Moreover, by using the method developed by Jeanjean [13], we establish the existence of ground state solutions in R N {{\mathbb{R}}}^{N} .

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In this paper we deal with the one-dimensional Stefan problemut−uxx =s˙(t)δ(x−s(t)) in ℝ ;× ℝ+, u(x, 0) =u0(x)with kinetic condition s˙(t)=f(u) on the free boundary F={(x, t), x=s(t)}, where δ(x) is the Dirac function. We proved in [1] that if [mid ]f(u)[mid ][les ]Meγ[mid ]u[mid ] for some M>0 and γ∈(0, 1/4), then there exists a global solution to the above problem; and the solution may blow up in finite time if f(u)[ges ] Ceγ1[mid ]u[mid ] for some γ1 large. In this paper we obtain the optimal exponent, which turns out to be √2πe. That is, the above problem has a global solution if [mid ]f(u)[mid ][les ]Meγ[mid ]u[mid ] for some γ∈(0, √2πe), and the solution may blow up in finite time if f(u)[ges ] Ce√2πe[mid ]u[mid ].

Abstract We study positive solutions to the one-dimensional generalized double phase problems of the form: − ( a ( t ) φ p ( u ′ ) + b ( t ) φ q ( u ′ ) ) ′ = λ h ( t ) f ( u ) , t ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , u ( 0 ) = 0 = u ( 1 ) , \left\{\begin{array}{l}-(a\left(t){\varphi }_{p}\left(u^{\prime} )+b\left(t){\varphi }_{q}\left(u^{\prime} ))^{\prime} =\lambda h\left(t)f\left(u),\hspace{1em}t\in \left(0,1),\\ u\left(0)=0=u\left(1),\end{array}\right. where 1 < p < q < ∞ 1\lt p\lt q\lt \infty , φ m ( s ) ≔ ∣ s ∣ m − 2 s {\varphi }_{m}\left(s):= | s{| }^{m-2}s , a , b ∈ C ( [ 0 , 1 ] , [ 0 , ∞ ) ) a,b\in C\left(\left[0,1],{[}0,\infty )) , h ∈ L 1 ( ( 0 , 1 ) , ( 0 , ∞ ) ) ∩ C ( ( 0 , 1 ) , ( 0 , ∞ ) ) , h\in {L}^{1}\left(\left(0,1),\left(0,\infty ))\cap C\left(\left(0,1),\left(0,\infty )), and f ∈ C ( [ 0 , ∞ ) , R ) f\in C\left({[}0,\infty ),{\mathbb{R}}) is nondecreasing. More precisely, we show various existence results including the existence of at least two or three positive solutions according to the behaviors of f ( s ) f\left(s) near zero and infinity. Both positone (i.e., f ( 0 ) ≥ 0 f\left(0)\ge 0 ) and semipositone (i.e., f ( 0 ) < 0 f\left(0)\lt 0 ) problems are considered, and the results are obtained through the Krasnoselskii-type fixed point theorem. We also apply these results to show the existence of positive radial solutions for high-dimensional generalized double phase problems on the exterior of a ball.

Summary In our previous work [7] we prove that the set of prime numbers is diophantine using the 26-variable polynomial proposed in [4]. In this paper, we focus on the reduction of the number of variables to 10 and it is the smallest variables number known today [5], [10]. Using the Mizar [3], [2] system, we formalize the first step in this direction by proving Theorem 1 [5] formulated as follows: Let k ∈ ℕ. Then k is prime if and only if there exists f, i, j, m, u ∈ ℕ+, r, s, t ∈ ℕ unknowns such that D F I is square ∧ ( M 2 - 1 ) S 2 + 1 is square ∧ ( ( M U ) 2 - 1 ) T 2 + 1 is square ∧ ( 4 f 2 - 1 ) ( r - m S T U ) 2 + 4 u 2 S 2 T 2 < 8 f u S T ( r - m S T U ) F L | ( H - C ) Z + F ( f + 1 ) Q + F ( k + 1 ) ( ( W 2 - 1 ) S u - W 2 u 2 + 1 ) \matrix{ {DFI\,is\,square\,\,\,{\Lambda}\,\left( {{M^2} - 1} \right){S^2} + 1\,\,is\,\,square\,\,{\Lambda}} \hfill \cr {\left( {{{\left( {MU} \right)}^2} - 1} \right){T^2} + 1\,\,is\,\,square{\Lambda}} \hfill \cr {\left( {4{f^2} - 1} \right){{\left( {r - mSTU} \right)}^2} + 4{u^2}{S^2}{T^2} < 8fuST\left( {r - mSTU} \right)} \hfill \cr {FL|\left( {H - C} \right)Z + F\left( {f + 1} \right)Q + F\left( {k + 1} \right)\left( {\left( {{W^2} - 1} \right)Su - {W^2}{u^2} + 1} \right)} \hfill \cr } where auxiliary variables A − I, L, M, S − W, Q ∈ ℤ are simply abbreviations defined as follows W = 100fk(k + 1), U = 100u 3 W 3 + 1, M = 100mUW + 1, S = (M −1)s+k+1, T = (MU −1)t+W −k+1, Q = 2MW −W 2 −1, L = (k+1)Q, A = M(U +1), B = W +1, C = r +W +1, D = (A 2 −1)C 2 +1, E = 2iC 2 LD, F = (A 2 −1)E 2 +1, G = A+F (F −A), H = B+2(j −1)C, I = (G 2 −1)H 2 +1. It is easily see that (0.1) uses 8 unknowns explicitly along with five implicit one for each diophantine relationship: is square, inequality, and divisibility. Together with k this gives a total of 14 variables. This work has been partially presented in [8].

Abstract This paper deals with existence and multiplicity of positive solutions to the following class of nonlocal equations with critical nonlinearity: ( − Δ ) s u − γ u | x | 2 s = K ( x ) | u | 2 s ∗ ( t ) − 2 u | x | t + f ( x ) in R N , u ∈ H ˙ s ( R N ) , $$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \begin{cases} (-{\it\Delta})^s u -\gamma\dfrac{u}{|x|^{2s}}=K(x)\dfrac{|u|^{2^*_s(t)-2}u}{|x|^t}+f(x) \quad\mbox{in}\quad\mathbb R^N,\\ \qquad\qquad\qquad\quad u\in \dot{H}^s(\mathbb R^N), \end{cases} \end{array}$$ where N > 2s, s ∈ (0, 1), 0 ≤ t < 2s < N and 2 s ∗ ( t ) := 2 ( N − t ) N − 2 s $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle 2^*_s(t):=\frac{2(N-t)}{N-2s} \end{array}$ . Here 0 < γ < γ N,s and γ N,s is the best Hardy constant in the fractional Hardy inequality. The coefficient K is a positive continuous function on ℝ N , with K(0) = 1 = lim|x|→∞ K(x). The perturbation f is a nonnegative nontrivial functional in the dual space Ḣs (ℝ N )′ of Ḣs (ℝ N ). We establish the profile decomposition of the Palais-Smale sequence associated with the functional. Further, if K ≥ 1 and ∥f∥(Ḣs )′ is small enough (but f ≢ 0), we establish existence of at least two positive solutions to the above equation.

Abstract We consider the following fractional reaction-diffusion equation u t ( t ) + ∂ t ∫ 0 t g α ( s ) A u ( t − s ) d s = t γ f ( u ) , $$ u_t(t) + \partial_t \int\nolimits_{0}^{t} g_{\alpha}(s) \mathcal{A} u(t-s) ds = t^{\gamma} f(u),$$ where g α (t) = t α−1/Γ(α) (0 < α < 1), f ∈ C([0, ∞)) is a non-decreasing function, γ > −1, and A $\mathcal{A}$ is an elliptic operator whose fundamental solution of its associated parabolic equation has Gaussian lower and upper bounds. We characterize the behavior of the functions f so that the above fractional reaction-diffusion equation has a bounded local solution in L r (Ω), for non-negative initial data u 0 ∈ L r (Ω), when r > 1 and Ω ⊂ ℝ N is either a smooth bounded domain or the whole space ℝ N . The case r = 1 is also studied.

UDC 517.9 We prove the existence and attraction property for admissible invariant unstable and center-unstable manifolds of admissible classes of solutions to the partial neutral functional-differential equation in Banach space X of the form & ∂ ∂ t F u t = A ( t ) F u t + f ( t , u t ) , t ≥ s , t , s ∈ ℝ , & u s = ϕ ∈ 𝒞 : = C ( [ - r ,0 ] , X ) under the conditions that the family of linear partial differential operators ( A ( t ) ) t ∈ ℝ generates the evolution family ( U ( t , s ) ) t ≥ s with an exponential dichotomy on the whole line ℝ ; the difference operator F : 𝒞 → X is bounded and linear, and the nonlinear delay operator f satisfies the φ -Lipschitz condition, i.e., ‖ f ( t , ϕ ) - f ( t , ψ ) ‖ ≤ φ ( t ) ‖ ϕ - ψ ‖ 𝒞 for ϕ , ψ ∈ 𝒞 , where φ ( ⋅ ) belongs to an admissible function space defined on ℝ . We also prove that an unstable manifold of the admissible class attracts all other solutions with exponential rates. Our main method is based on the Lyapunov – Perron equation combined with the admissibility of function spaces. We apply our results to the finite-delayed heat equation for a material with memory.

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.), belonging to the family Apiaceae, is an aromatic annual herb that is native to the Caucasus. It is widely used as a flavoring agent for culinary purposes. This herb was recently introduced in Korea. In April 2013, plants showing typical symptoms of powdery mildew disease were observed in a polyethylene film-covered greenhouse in Seoul, Korea. White mycelium bearing conidia formed irregular patches on leaves and stems. Mycelial growth was amphigenous. Severe infections caused leaf withering and premature senescence. Voucher specimens were deposited in the Korea University Herbarium (KUS). Hyphae were septate, branched, with moderately lobed appressoria. Conidiophores presented 3 to 4 cells and measured 85 to 148 × 7 to 9 μm. Foot-cells of conidiophores were 37 to 50 μm long. Conidia were produced singly, oblong-elliptical to oblong, measured 30 to 50 × 13 to 18 μm with a length/width ratio of 2.0 to 3.3, lacked conspicuous fibrosin bodies, and with angular/rectangular wrinkling of the outer walls. Germ tubes were produced in the subterminal position of conidia. Chasmothecia were not found. These structures are typical of the powdery mildew Pseudoidium anamorph of the genus Erysiphe. The specific measurements and morphological characteristics were consistent with those of E. heraclei DC. (1). To confirm identity of the causal fungus, the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of KUS-F27279 was amplified with primers ITS5 and P3 (4) and sequenced directly. The resulting 561-bp sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KF111807). A GenBank BLAST search of this sequence showed >99% similarity with those of many E. heraclei isolates, e.g., Pimpinella affinis (AB104513), Anethum graveolens (JN603995), and Daucus carota (EU371725). Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation by gently pressing a diseased leaf onto leaves of five healthy potted chervil plants. Five non-inoculated plants served as a control treatment. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 22 ± 2°C. Inoculated plants developed signs and symptoms after 6 days, whereas the control plants remained healthy. The fungus present on the inoculated plants was identical morphologically to that originally observed on diseased plants. Chervil powdery mildews caused by E. heraclei have been reported in Europe (Bulgaria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Switzerland, and the former Soviet Union) and the United States (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by E. heraclei on chervil in Asia as well as in Korea. The plant is cultivated in commercial farms for its edible leaves in Korea. Occurrence of powdery mildew is a threat to quality and marketability of this herb, especially those grown in organic farming where chemical control options are limited. References: (1) U. Braun and R. T. A. Cook. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews), CBS Biodiversity Series No. 11, CBS, Utrecht, 2012. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., Online publication. ARS, USDA. Retrieved July 29, 2013. (3) S. T. Koike and G. S. Saenz. Plant Dis. 88:1163, 2004. (4) S. Takamatsu et al. Mycol. Res. 113:117, 2009.

Abstract We investigate a fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system with strong singularity as follows: ( − Δ ) s u + V ( x ) u + λ ϕ u = f ( x ) u − γ , x ∈ R 3 , ( − Δ ) t ϕ = u 2 , x ∈ R 3 , u > 0 , x ∈ R 3 , \left\{\begin{array}{ll}{\left(-\Delta )}^{s}u+V\left(x)u+\lambda \phi u=f\left(x){u}^{-\gamma },& x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{3},\\ {\left(-\Delta )}^{t}\phi ={u}^{2},& x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{3},\\ u\gt 0,& x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{3},\end{array}\right. where 0 < s ≤ t < 1 0\lt s\le t\lt 1 with 4 s + 2 t > 3 4s+2t\gt 3 , λ > 0 \lambda \gt 0 and γ > 1 \gamma \gt 1 . When V V and f f satisfy certain conditions, existence and uniqueness of positive solution u λ {u}_{\lambda } are established via variational method and Nehari method. We also describe the asymptotic behaviour of u λ {u}_{\lambda } as λ → 0 \lambda \to 0 .

Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai, known as Chinese ixeris, is distributed from Siberia to Japan, including Korea, Taiwan, and China. The whole plant has been used in folk medicine in Asia (4). In Korea, the plants of Chinese ixeris have been gathered and used as a wild root vegetable. During summer to autumn of 2011, Chinese ixeris leaves were found to be heavily infected with a powdery mildew in several locations of Korea. Symptoms first appeared as thin white colonies, which subsequently developed into abundant hyphal growth on both sides of the leaves, leading to drying of the leaves. The same symptoms on Chinese ixeris leaves were continuously observed in 2012 and 2013. Voucher specimens (n = 10) were deposited at Korea University Herbarium (KUS). Hyphal appressoria were moderately lobed or nipple-shaped. Conidiophores arose from the lateral part of the hyphae, measured 100 to 270 × 10 to 12.5 μm, and produced 2 to 6 immature conidia in chains with a sinuate outline. Basal parts of foot-cells in conidiophores were curved. Conidia were barrel-shaped to ellipsoid, measured 26 to 36 × 13 to 19 μm (length/width ratio = 1.7 to 2.4), lacked fibrosin bodies, and showed reticulate wrinkling of the outer walls. Primary conidia were ovate with conical-obtuse apex and subtruncate base. Germ tubes were produced on the perihilar position of conidia. Chasmothecia were not observed. The morphological characteristics were typical of the Euoidium type anamorph of the genus Golovinomyces, and the fungus measurements and structures were consistent with those of G. sonchicola U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook (1). To confirm the identification, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA sequences from a representative material (KUS-F26212) was amplified using primers ITS5/P3 and sequenced (3). The resulting 416-bp sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KF819857). A GenBank BLAST search revealed that the isolate showed >99% sequence similarity with those of G. cichoracearum from Sonchus spp. (e.g., AB453762, AF011296, JQ010848, etc.). G. sonchicola is currently confined to G. cichoracearum s. lat. on Sonchus spp., based on molecular sequence analyses (1). Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation by gently pressing a diseased leaf onto leaves of five healthy potted Chinese ixeris. Five non-inoculated plants served as controls. Inoculated plants developed symptoms after 6 days, whereas the controls remained symptomless. The fungus present on the inoculated plants was identical morphologically to that originally observed on diseased plants. Powdery mildew infections of I. chinensis associated with Golovinomyces have been known in China (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew disease caused by G. sonchicola on I. chinensis in Korea. Farming of Chinese ixeris has recently started on a commercial scale in Korea. Though no statistical data are available, we postulate the cultivation area in Korea to be approximately 200 ha, mostly growing without chemical controls. Occurrence of powdery mildews poses a potential threat to safe production of this vegetable, especially in organic farming. References: (1) U. Braun and R. T. A. Cook. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews), CBS Biodiversity Series No.11. CBS, Utrecht, 2012. (2) F. L. Tai. Bull. Chinese Bot. Sci. 2:16, 1936. (3) S. Takamatsu et al. Mycol. Res. 113:117, 2009. (4) S. J. Zhang et al. J. Nat. Prod. 69:1425, 2006.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence of symmetric positive solutions for a class of fourth-order boundary value problem:u4(t)+βu′′(t)=f(t,u(t),u′′(t)),0<t<1,u(0)=u(1)=∫01‍p(s)u(s)ds,u′′(0)=u′′(1)=∫01‍qsu′′(s)ds, wherep,q∈L1[0,1],f∈C([0,1]×[0,∞)×(-∞,0],[0,∞)). By using a monotone iterative technique, we prove that the above boundary value problem has symmetric positive solutions under certain conditions. In particular, these solutions are obtained via the iteration procedures.

We consider the equations involving the one-dimensional p-Laplacian (P): (u′tp-2u′(t))′+λf(u(t))=0, 0<t<1, and u(0)=u(1)=0, where p>1,λ>0,f∈C1(R;R),f(s)s>0, and s≠0. We show the existence of sign-changing solutions under the assumptions f∞=lim|s|→∞⁡(fs/sp-1)=+∞ and f0=lim|s|→0(f(s)/sp-1)∈[0,∞]. We also show that (P) has exactly one solution having specified nodal properties for λ∈(0,λ*) for some λ*∈(0,∞). Our main results are based on quadrature method.

Let T be a triangle. P be a parallelogram, E be an ellipse, A, B be concentric circles, C, D be concentric dartboard regions, R, S be rectangles of the same orientation, U, V be two finite unions and/or differences of convex regions in the Euclidean plane. Given a function f on [0,∞), let E[/(r), U, V] denote the mean value of f(|u–v|), where |u–v| is the distance between u∊U and v∊V. Using Borel’s overlap technique, a specific distance weight function and a specific equivalence relation, we obtain formulae expressing E[f(r), U, V] in terms of triple integrals, expressing E(rn, U, V), E[f(r), A, V] and E[f(r), R, V] in terms of double integrals, expressing E[f(r), A, B], E[f(r), R, S], E[f(r), T, T], E[f(r), P, P], E(rn, C, D) and E(rn, R, V) in terms of single integrals, and expressing E(rn, R, S), E(rn, P, P), E(rn, T, T), E(rn, E, E) in terms of elementary functions, where n is an integer ≧−1. Many other related results are also given.

Using bifurcation techniques and Sturm comparison theorem, we establish exact multiplicity results of sign-changing or constant sign solutions for the boundary value problemsu″+a(t)f(u)=0,t∈(0,1),u(0)=0, andu(1)=0, wheref∈C(ℝ,ℝ)satisfiesf(0)=0and the limitsf∞=lim|s|→∞(f(s)/s),f0=lim|s|→0(f(s)/s)∈{0,∞}. Weight functiona(t)∈C1[0,1]satisfiesa(t)>0on[0,1].

AbstractLet U be a finite dimensional vector space over an infinite field F. Let U(r) denote the r–th symmetric product space over U. Let T: U(r) → U(s) be a linear transformation which sends nonzero decomposable elements to nonzero decomposable elements. Let dim U ≥ s + 1. Then we obtain the structure of T for the following cases: (I) F is algebraically closed, (II) F is the real field, and (III) T is injective.

SynopsisSolutions to semilinear parabolic equations of the form ut = Δu + f(u), x in Ω, which blow up at some finite time t* are investigated for “slowly growing” functions f. For nonlinearities such as f(s) = (2 +s)(ln(2 +s))1+b with 0 < b < l,u becomes infinite throughout Ω as t→t* −. It is alsofound that for marginally more quickly growing functions, e.g. f(s) = (2 + s)(ln(2 +s))2, u is unbounded on some subset of Ω which has positive measure, and is unbounded throughout Ω if Ω is a small enough region.

Abstract This paper deals with the abstract evolution equations in L s {L}^{s} -spaces with critical temporal weights. First, embedding and interpolation properties of the critical L s {L}^{s} -spaces with different exponents s s are investigated, then solvability of the linear evolution equation, attached to which the inhomogeneous term f f and its average Φ f \Phi f both lie in an L 1 / s s {L}_{1\hspace{-0.08em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.08em}s}^{s} -space, is established. Based on these results, Cauchy problem of the semi-linear evolution equation is treated, where the nonlinear operator F ( t , u ) F\left(t,u) has a growth number ρ ≥ s + 1 \rho \ge s+1 , and its asymptotic behavior acts like α ( t ) / t \alpha \left(t)\hspace{-0.1em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.1em}t as t → 0 t\to 0 for some bounded function α ( t ) \alpha \left(t) like ( − log t ) − p {\left(-\log t)}^{-p} with 2 ≤ p < ∞ 2\le p\lt \infty .

This a r t i d e deals with male a n d f e m a l e sex and g e n d e r roles in a native Hawaiian c o n t e x t , f o c u s i n g p a r t i c u l a r l y o n lesbians. T h e a r t i c l e ' s p o i n t of dep a r t u r e is t h a t it is t h e individual w h o d e c i d e s the n o r m s and rules for h i s / h e r sexual and social b e h a v i o u r , implying an inequadecy with models where t h e focus is o n d i f f e r e n t "cultural" a n d "societal" f o r m s f o r m o d e l l i n g such behaviour. O n e imp o r t a n t aspect, o f t e n n e g l e c t e d in studies d e a l i n g with such questions, c o n n e c t s to the way p e o p l e actually feel a n d how this is p r a c t i s e d on a lifebasis. Focusing o n varieties in sex a n d g e n d e r role m o d e l l i n g , s e p a r a t i n g social roles a n d sexual identities, a n d allowing p e o p l e to a p p e a r in t h e c o n t e x t that they live in, makes it possible to e x p l o r e t h e i r ideas c o n c e r n i n g sexual i d e n t i t i e s a n d social roles. I n addition, this perspective also allows f o r an u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e c o n n e c t i o n p e o p l e make between sexual a n d social b e h a v i o u r m o r e generally. Against this b a c k g r o u n d , the a r t i d e discusses q u e s t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g the p r e s e n t use of t h e concept of h o m o s e x u a l i t y a m o n g i n t e l l e c t u a l s a n d scientists. T h e material f r om the Big Island, Hawaii implies t h a t ideas a b o u t sexual i d e n t i t i e s a n d social r o l e s a r e r o o t e d in beliefs b u i l d i n g o n assumptions that p e o p l e who live t o g e t h e r / h a v e sex with one a n o t h e r , take o n d i f f e r e n t sexual i d e n t i t i e s a n d social roles, r e g a r d l e s s of biological sex. This way of p e r c e i v i n g sex a n d g e n d e r role m o d e l l i n g can be seen as r o o t e d in a t r a d i t i o n where t h e a c c e p t a n c e of sexual a n d social varieties is h i g h , giving p e o p l e o p p o r t u n i t i e s to act a n d p e r f o rm a c c o r d i n g to feelings as an a c c e p t e d alternative to t h e n o r m s and vallies s t i p u l a t e d by t h e society they live in.