Academic literature on the topic 'F-K migration'

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Journal articles on the topic "F-K migration"

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Li, Z., W. Lynn, R. Chambers, Ken Larner, and Ray Abma. "Enhancements to prestack frequency‐wavenumber (f-k) migration." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 1 (January 1991): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442955.

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Prestack frequency‐wavenumber (f-k) migration is a particularly efficient method of doing both full prestack time migration and migration velocity analysis. Conventional implementations of the method, however, can encounter several drawbacks: (1) poor resolution and spatial aliasing noise caused by insufficient sampling in the offset dimension, (2) poor definition of steep events caused by insufficient sampling in the velocity dimension, and (3) inadequate handling of ray bending for steep events. All three of these problems can be mitigated with modifications to the prestack f-k algorithm. The application of linear moveout (LMO) in the offset dimension prior to migration reduces event moveout and hence increases the bandwidth of non‐spatially aliased signals. To reduce problems of interpolation for steep events, the number of constant‐velocity migrations can be economically increased by performing residual poststack migrations. Finally, migration with a dip‐dependent imaging velocity addresses the issue of ray bending and thereby improves the positioning of steep events. None of these enhancements substantially increases the computational effort of f-k migration. Prestack f-k migration possesses a limitation for which no solution is readily available. Where lateral velocity variation is modest, steep events (such as fault‐plane reflections in sediments) may not be imaged as well as by other migration approaches. This shortcoming results from the restriction that, in the prestack f-k approach, a single velocity field must serve to perform two different functions: imaging and stacking. Nevertheless, in areas of strong velocity variation and gentle to moderate dip, the detailed velocity control afforded by the prestack f-k method is an excellent source of geologic information.
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Beasley, Craig J., Walt Lynn, Ken Larner, and Hung Nguyen. "Cascaded f-k migration: Removing the restrictions on depth‐varying velocity." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 7 (July 1988): 881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442525.

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Stolt’s frequency‐wavenumber (f-k) method is computationally efficient and has unlimited dip accuracy for constant‐velocity media. Although the f-k method can handle moderate vertical velocity variations, errors become unacceptable for steep dips when such variations are large. This paper describes an extension to the f-k method that removes its restrictions on vertical velocity variation, yielding accuracy comparable to phase‐shift migration at only a fraction of the computational time. This extension of the f-k method is based on partitioning the velocity field, just as in cascaded finite‐difference migration, and performing a number of stages of f-k migration. In each stage, the migration‐velocity field is closer to a constant—the ideal situation for the f-k migration method—than when the migration is done conventionally (i.e., in just one stage). Empirical results and error analyses show that, at most, four stages of the cascaded f-k algorithm are sufficient to migrate steep events as accurately as by the phase‐shift method for virtually any vertically inhomogeneous velocity field. Given its accuracy and efficiency, cascaded f-k migration can become the method of choice for 2-D, two‐pass 3-D, and single‐pass 3-D time migrations.
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Stolt, Robert H. "A prestack residual time migration operator." GEOPHYSICS 61, no. 2 (March 1996): 605–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443987.

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Larner and Beasley (1987) present cascaded migration as a way to increase the power and effectiveness of relatively simple migration methods. In particular, f-k migration (Stolt, 1978) can be made to accommodate a depth‐dependent velocity as a cascade of constant‐velocity migrations. The core concept is that data which have been migrated with an approximate velocity can be effectively migrated to their true velocity by migrating with a velocity that is equal to the square root of the difference between the squares of the true and approximate velocities.
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Garcia, D., L. L. Tarnec, S. Muth, E. Montagnon, J. Poree, and G. Cloutier. "Stolt's f-k migration for plane wave ultrasound imaging." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 60, no. 9 (September 2013): 1853–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2013.2771.

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Pai, David M. "Generalized f-k (frequency‐wavenumber) migration in arbitrarily varying media." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 12 (December 1988): 1547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442436.

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Migration requires one‐way wave continuation. In the spatial domain, one‐way wave equations are derived based on various approximations to an assumed dispersion relation. In the frequency‐wavenumber domain, the well known f-k method and the phase‐shift method are strictly valid only within homogeneous models and layered models, respectively. In this paper, a frequency‐wavenumber domain method is presented for one‐way wave continuation in arbitrarily varying media. In the method, the downward continuation is accomplished, not with plane waves individually as in the f-k or the phase‐shift method, but with the whole spectrum of plane waves simultaneously in order to account for the coupling among the plane waves due to lateral inhomogeneity. The method is based on a matrix integral equation. The method has the following merits: (1) The method is a generalization of the f-k and the phase‐shift methods, valid in arbitrarily varying models. (2) The method has physical interpretations in terms of upgoing and downgoing plane waves, and as such the method has well defined steps leading from full‐wave continuation (two‐way wave) to one‐way wave continuation for migration. (3) The method is rigorous; the only approximations in the method—other than the one‐way wave approximation necessary for migration—are the discretization of a continuous system (which is necessary in computer methods) and imperfections associated with the limited spatial aperture of the data; as such, the method can achieve high solution accuracy. (4) The method can be fast, since computations are mainly matrix‐vector multiplications, which are easily vectorizable. In particular, compared to spatial domain methods, I contend that the method is (1) more rigorous in one‐way wave theory, (2) more accurate in migration of high‐dip events, and (3) faster for smooth models. I applied the method to a few examples of zero‐offset data migration, including imaging a point diffractor below a dipping interface, migration with sharp lateral variations in velocity, and migration with smooth lateral variations in velocity.
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Kim, Y. C., R. Gonzalez, and J. R. Berryhill. "Recursive wavenumber‐frequency migration." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 3 (March 1989): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442657.

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There are many approaches for migrating seismic data using velocities varying only with depth. These methods are capable of accommodating quasi‐continuous vertical velocity variation at the expense of a considerably larger amount of computation than with the Stolt method, which assumes a constant velocity for the subsurface of the earth. However, the errors involved in estimating migration velocities from seismic data are often too large to justify such a large amount of computational effort. Furthermore, because there is a resolution limit in velocity estimation, a time‐depth curve based on the velocity estimates may be represented by a series of line segments that typically are much larger than the migration step size. For a time‐depth curve segmented in this way, we may successively apply the fast Stolt method interleaved with phase shift for downward continuation. This approach, recursive wavenumber‐frequency (k-f ) migration, retains the speed of the Stolt method and produces from seismic data a subsurface image as good as that from the phase‐shift method. The recursive k-f method is a powerful tool, particularly for the migration of 3-D data.
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Subari, Achmad, Syamsurijal Rasimeng, and Nando Liven Konstanta. "PENGHILANGAN SWELL NOISE DAN LINIER NOISE PADA DATA SEISMIK 2D MARINE HIGH RESOLUTION PADA LINTASAN “AF” MENGGUNAKAN METODE SWNA, F-K FILTER DAN TAU-P TRANSFORM." Jurnal Geofisika Eksplorasi 4, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jge.v4i1.3.

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Research have been done about noise removal caused by environment (swell noise) and linear noise on high frequency 2D seismic data on line “AF” using swell noise attenuation (SWNA) method, f-k filter and tau-p transformation. Based on obtained result, swell noise succeed removed from data using velocity limited filter that is 1000 m/s on frequency 25 Hz applied to swell noise attenuation process. Applied SWNA data, then created input f-k filter process. In f-k filter process, used polygon design having a minimum frequency limit around 5 Hz maximum high frequency around 450 Hz. The results f-k filter giving a good output with linear noise removal to time 1500 ms. F-k filter output obtained, then processed again using tau-p transformation method. Application of tau-p transformation transformed data into (τ-p) domain. Transformed data on (τ-p) domain, linear noise made on moveout 600 ms. Then the data muted using surgical mute. Based on obtained result, tau-p result can removing linear noise on data. Linear noise removed dominating on time 1500 ms-2500 ms. That matter caused by linear noise on time 0-1500 ms succeed removed using previous process. After the method succesfully applied , data processing continued doing the stack and migration process. Applied migration is postack kirchoff time migration, migration do with migration angel around 300 and aperture around 600 m.
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Jin, Yang, and Yunling Duan. "2D Wavelet Decomposition and F-K Migration for Identifying Fractured Rock Areas Using Ground Penetrating Radar." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122280.

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The quality of the surrounding rock is crucial to the stability of underground caverns, thereby requiring an effective monitoring technology. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can reconstruct the subterranean profile by electromagnetic waves, but two significant issues, called clutter and hyperbola tails, affect the signal quality. We propose an approach to identify fractured rocks using 2D Wavelet transform (WT) and F-K migration. F-K migration can handle the hyperbola using Fourier analysis. WT can mitigate clutter, distinguish signal discontinuity, and provide signals with a good time-frequency resolution for F-K migration. In the simulation, the migration result from horizontal detail coefficients highlight the crack locations and reduce the scattering signals. Noise has been separated by 2D WT. Hyperbola tails are decomposed to vertical and diagonal detail coefficients. Similar promising results have been achieved in the field measurement. Therefore, the proposed approach can process GPR signals for identifying fractured rock areas.
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Huo, Jianjian, Binzhong Zhou, Qing Zhao, and Iain M. Mason. "Reconstruction of borehole radar images by a modified f–k migration." Geophysical Journal International 221, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 1626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa094.

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SUMMARY Borehole radar (BHR) is an effective imaging tool. It can be used to detect and map faults, fractures, folds, domes, partings and mine workings. Most BHRs have azimuthally omnidirectional radiation patterns. The echoes sensed by such BHRs may come from any direction. Considering a radar in a straight borehole that passes through a stack of flat reflection planes, V-shaped events or crosses appear on the time section. One of the arms of each cross is a real image while the other is an ambiguity of known origin. Directional ambiguities such as these obstruct efforts to interpret the data. In this paper, we address this difficulty by using a modified f–k migration algorithm to translate crosses into lines on the final section that are consistent with a priori information about for example bedding. Compared with conventional strategies, for example migration + f–k dip filter, this approach integrates the two separated processes into one and is straightforward, computationally effective and simple to implement. The method is demonstrated using a synthetic model and a real BHR field data set. It allows the interpreter to use a priori information about fault swarms or plausible bedding planes at an early stage. The reconstructed BHR image helps the search for geological anomalies such as fractures, partings, domes and rolls that could be a hazard for mining.
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Kostecki, Andrzej, and Anna Półchłopek. "Stable depth extrapolation of seismic wavefields by a Neumann series." GEOPHYSICS 63, no. 6 (November 1998): 2063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444499.

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Several migration methods fail to work when applied to complex geological structures with strong lateral heterogeneity. The generalized migration in the frequency‐wavenumber (f-k) domain based on a convolution with a slowness- (inverse of velocity) dependent operator is capable of downward continuation of wavefield in media with strong vertical and lateral variations of velocity. Unfortunately, this method, as presented in the literature, is potentially unstable. We propose a new, stable extrapolator based on the solution of the integral Fredholm equation, which describes a one‐way wave equation in the form of a Neumann series. The resulting algorithm of depth migration is implemented in both the frequency‐wavenumber (f-k) and frequency‐space (f-x) domains and takes into account arbitrary lateral gradients of velocity, using a low‐frequency filter (in x-f domain) that is the sum of the power series. The computation time of depth migration by a Neumann series is slightly longer than for split‐step Fourier migration. The examples presented suggest that the depth migration by Neumann’s series method can be used to map complex structures with strong lateral gradients of velocity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "F-K migration"

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Granado, Diogo Wachtel. "Comparação entre métodos delay-and-sum e f-k migration para reconstrução de imagens Doppler por ultrassom." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2969.

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Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR)
Os sistemas de ultrassom para imagens médicas sempre estão em evolução. Na área de imagem Doppler, em que se pode observar o movimento do objeto, principalmente o fluxo sanguíneo, encontram-se algumas técnicas para obtenção de melhor qualidade de imagem. Os principais problemas da técnica Doppler são a complexidade e a quantidade de dados a serem processados para a formação das imagens. Este trabalho buscou avaliar dois métodos para processamento de imagens Doppler. Inicialmente, foram realizados estudos com o beamforming tradicional gerado pela plataforma de pesquisas ULTRA-ORS no laboratório de ultrassom. Após, foram realizados estudos com o equipamento Verasonics Vantage™ utilizando geração de onda de ultrassom planas, plane-wave, com um transdutor linear modelo L11-4v de 128 elementos. Os phantoms utilizados foram o CIRS Doppler String Phantom model 043 e o Doppler Flow Phantoms & Pumping Systems da ATS. Foram implementados algoritmos para reconstrução das imagens em modo B no Matlab® utilizando os métodos delay-and-sum e f-k migration, com a geração de imagens Doppler colorido e Power Doppler. Os dados para geração de imagem modo B com plane-wave foram adquiridos com variação de 1 a 75 ângulos, na faixa entre -8,88° e 8,88°, com passo de 0,24°. Os resultados obtidos com o f-k migration apresentaram maior resolução, com erros de 1,0 % e 0,8 % para as resoluções lateral e axial, respectivamente, enquanto o método DAS apresentou erros de 12,0 % para resolução lateral e 10,0 % para resolução axial. Para geração das imagens Doppler com plane-wave os dados foram adquiridos com variação de 1 a 21 ângulos, na faixa entre -15,0° e 15,0°, com passo de 1,5°. A estimação da velocidade através da técnica Doppler apresentou melhores resultados utilizando-se o método DAS, com erro de 8,3 %, enquanto o método f-k migration apresentou erro de 16,6 %. Analisando-se os resultados obtidos, foi possível verificar que a técnica plane-wave permite a geração de imagens com maior taxa de quadros por segundo do que os métodos tradicionais. Também pode se observar que o método f-k migration gera imagens de maior qualidade com menor número de ângulos de aquisição, cerca de 9 ângulos, porém possui pior desempenho para geração de imagens Doppler quando comparado ao DAS.
The medical ultrasound equipment is always evolving. In the field of Doppler imaging, which object movement and mainly blood flow of vessels can be measured, there are some techniques to improve image quality. The main problems of the Doppler technique are the complexity and the amount of data to be processed for the image reconstruction. The aim of this work was to evaluate two methods for Doppler images processing. Initially, studies were carried out with the traditional beamforming technique, generated by the research platform ULTRA-ORS in the ultrasound laboratory. Then, with the Verasonics Vantage™ equipment, it was generated ultrasound plane waves with a linear transducer L11-4v of 128 elements. Two Doppler phantoms were used, the CIRS Doppler String Phantom model 043 and the Doppler Flow Phantoms & Pumping Systems from ATS. Algorithms for B mode image reconstruction were developed in Matlab® using the methods Delay-and-Sum and f-k Migration to generate Color Doppler and Power Doppler images. The B mode images with plane-wave were generated from the data acquired with 1 to 75 angles, ranging from -8.88° to 8.88° and 0.24º step. The f-k migration’s results presented higher resolutions than DAS method, with errors of 1.0 % and 0.8 % for lateral and axial resolutions, respectively, while the DAS method presented errors of 12.0 % for lateral resolution and 10.0 % for axial resolution. The data for color Doppler images with plane-wave generation were acquired with 1 to 21 angles, ranging from -15.0° to 15.0°and 1.5° step. The Doppler velocity estimation using the DAS method showed better results (error of 8.3 %) than the f-k migration (error of 16.6 %). Analyzing the obtained results, it was possible to see that the plane wave imaging technique allows the improvement of the frame-rate, being faster than traditional methods. Additionally, it was verified that f-k migration method produces images with better quality using less steering angles, approximately 9 angles, but it shows worse performance when generating Doppler images.
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Merabet, Lucas. "Etude d’algorithmes de reconstruction ultrasonore dans le domaine de Fourier pour l’imagerie rapide 2D et 3D en contrôle non- destructif." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET060.

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Ce travail de thèse s’intéresse à l’imagerie ultrasonore multi-éléments pour le Contrôle Non-Destructif (CND), et vise à accélérer l’imagerie échographique en 2D et 3D. Les méthodes étudiées s’inspirent des algorithmes de reconstruction dans le domaine de Fourier (f-k) en imagerie sismique. La littérature montre que ces méthodes offrent un avantage numérique par rapport à celles dans le domaine temporel basées sur un principe de focalisation en émission/réception. D’autre part, l’essor des traducteurs multi-éléments a permis d’explorer de nouveaux modes d’émission, comme les ondes planes en imagerie médicale ultra-rapide. Dans cette thèse, on se propose de combiner les algorithmes rapides du domaine f-k avec des émissions planes pour calculer des images aussi rapidement que possible. Ces algorithmes sont adaptés pour traiter des configurations d’inspection usuelles en CND. Une analyse des complexités algorithmiques, des temps de calcul et de la qualité des reconstructions est menée en 2D. La comparaison avec la méthode temporelle Plane Wave Imaging (PWI) démontre un avantage certain pour l’imagerie f-k. Ces avantages sont confirmés en 3D où l’on démontre que cette dernière améliore la qualité d’image tout en réduisant le temps de calcul d’un facteur allant jusqu’à 300 par rapport à PWI. Enfin, la méthode f-k est généralisée à l’imagerie multimodale pour la caractérisation de fissures. La théorie est d’abord présentée, puis on montre qu’il est possible d’améliorer la qualité des reconstructions grâce à un fenêtrage des fréquences spatiales de l’image. Ce filtre spectral élimine des artéfacts d’imagerie liés à des échos de géométrie, améliorant ainsi le contraste des images
This research work deals with ultrasound imaging with transducer arrays for Non Destructive Testing (NDT), and aims at speeding up the formation of 2D and 3D images. The methods studied in this manuscript are inspired from reconstruction algorithms in the Fourier frequency-wavenumber (f-k) domain introduced in seismic imaging in the 70’s. The literature shows that f-k methods offer a numerical advantage over the more conventional time-domain focusing algorithms. On the other hand, the rise of transducer arrays has allowed for the exploration of new emission modes, such as plane wave emissions in ultra-fast medical imaging. In this thesis, we propose to combine fast f-k algorithms with plane wave emissions to form 2D and 3D images as fast as possible. These algorithms are adapted to deal with realistic NDT inspection configurations. Analyses of algorithmic complexities, computation times, and image qualities are carried out in 2D, and a comparison with the time-domain Plane Wave Imaging (PWI) shows a clear advantage for f-k methods. This is confirmed in 3D, where we show that Fourier domain algorithms improve image quality while reducing computation times by a factor up to 300 compared to PWI. Finally, the f-k methods are generalized to multi-modal imaging to characterize cracks. The theory, which accounts for mode conversions and reflections at the specimen interfaces, is first presented, and we then demonstrate that it is possible to improve the reconstruction quality thanks to spectral windowing in the image frequency-domain. This spectral filter cancels undesired artifacts caused by interface echoes, and improves the image contrast
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Wei, Xiangmin. "GPR data processing for reinforced concrete bridge decks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53066.

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In this thesis, several aspects of GPR data processing for RC bridge decks are studied. First, autofocusing techniques are proposed to replace the previous expensive and unreliable human visual inspections during the iterative migration process for the estimation of the velocity/dielectric permittivity distribution from GPR data. Second, F-K filtering with dip relaxation is proposed for interference removal that is important for both imaging and the performance of post-processing techniques including autofocusing techniques and CS-based migration studied in this thesis. The targeted interferes here are direct waves and cross rebar reflections. The introduced dip relaxation is for accommodating surface roughness and medium inhomogeneity. Third, the newly developed CS-based migration is modified and evaluated on GPR data from RC bridge decks. A more accurate model by accounting for impulse waveform distortion that leads to less modeling errors is proposed. The impact of the selection of the regularization parameter on the comparative amplitude reservation and the imaging performance is also investigated, and an approach to preserve the comparative amplitude information while still maintaining a clear image is proposed. Moreover, the potential of initially sampling the time-spatial data with uniform sampling rates lower than that required by traditional migration methods is evaluated.
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Conference papers on the topic "F-K migration"

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Beasley, Craig, Walt Lynn, Ken Larner, and Hung V. Nguyen. "Extended stolt F‐K migration." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1892055.

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An, Jian, Hanjing Kong, Shuo Huang, Feng Feng, Jingyi Yin, Shijie Zhang, and Jue Zhang. "F-K Migration for Photoacoustic Tomography Imaging Simulation." In 2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2019.8925849.

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Li, Z., W. Lynn, K. Larner, and R. Abma. "ENHANCEMENTS TO PRESTACK FREQUENCY-WAVE-NUMBER (F-K) MIGRATION." In 1st International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.317.sbgf047.

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Dai, Nanxun, and Michael O. Marcoux. "Constant offset — Constant azimuth F—K migration for v(z)." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1820696.

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Stovas, A. "From Migration Before Stack to Normal Moveout in F-K Domain." In 59th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.131.gen1997_p032.

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J. Fowler, P. "Improving pre-stack f-k migration velocity analysis using residual moveout." In 55th EAEG Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201411492.

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Gonzalez, A., and W. Lynn. "Prestack frequency-wavenumber (f-k) migration in a transversely isotropic medium." In 53rd EAEG Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201410784.

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Le Tarnec, Louis, Stephan Muth, Emmanuel Montagnon, Jonathan Poree, Guy Cloutier, and Damien Garcia. "Fourier f-k migration for plane wave ultrasound imaging: Theoretical framework." In 2012 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2012.0534.

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Yang, Zhongwei, Xiaopeng Yang, Baozhi Wang, Quanhua Liu, and Tao Zeng. "Improved F-K Migration Based on Interpolation Method for GPR Imaging." In 2019 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar46974.2019.9048259.

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Gonzalez, Alfonso, Walt Lynn, and William F. Robinson. "Prestack frequency‐wavenumber (f‐k) migration in a transversely isotropic medium." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1991. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1888686.

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