Journal articles: 'Fabric construction'

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Tao, Jiang, R. C. Dhingra, C. K. Chan, and M. S. Abbas. "Effects of Yarn and Fabric Construction on Spirality of Cotton Single Jersey Fabrics." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 1 (January 1997): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706700112.

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Spirality arising from loop distortion in single-jersey knitted fabrics is discussed. Test methods for measuring fabric spirality in knitted fabrics are outlined. Results of an experimental investigation are statistically analyzed considering the effects of yarn/fabric construction factors on the spirality behavior of laboratory produced single-jersey fabrics. The study reveals that the steady-state loop shape for the washed/tumbledried knitted specimens is not unique. Accordingly, the construction factors considered in the statistical analyses are yarn linear density, yarn twist factor, fabric tightness factor, and fabric loop shape. The analyses reveal the importance of the yarn twist factor as well as the fabric tightness factor in promoting fabric spirality. Multiple linear regression equations of practical importance for predicting fabric spirality are derived from the experimental results.

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Farboodmanesh, S., J. Chen, J. Mead, and K. White. "Effect of Construction on Mechanical Behavior of Fabric Reinforced Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 79, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547933.

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Abstract Fabrics coated with rubber have wide applications in fields such as medical substrates, protective clothing, and flexible membranes for civil structures, airbags, geotextiles and industrial fabrics. As the market for coated fabrics expands to applications with more complex geometries and loading conditions, a competitive edge can be gained by optimizing the selection of fabric substrate and coating materials. This work includes a detailed experimental study of the effect of various parameters such as weave pattern, yarn size, and coating thickness on rubber coated fabric mechanical response. Nine types of woven PET fabrics were fabricated, consisting of the same warp yarn size and count, but different fill yarns (220, 500, and 1000 denier) and weave patterns (plain weave, 4-harness satin weave, and 8-harness satin weave). The fabrics were coated with neoprene latex using a dip-coating process. The coating penetration was much greater for the two-ply warp yarns than the fill yarns. Both coated and uncoated fabrics were tested. Shear tests and microscopy were used to understand the interaction between the fabric structure and the rubber coating. Results suggest that the shear behavior of the rubber-coated fabric is dominated by the rubber at low shear angles and by the fabric at higher shear angles. These results improve our ability to predict and prevent undesirable behaviors such as wrinkling, distortion and tear.

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Eryuruk, Selin Hanife, and Fatma Kalaoğlu. "The Effect Of Weave Construction On Tear Strength Of Woven Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0004.

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Abstract The tear strength of a woven fabric is very important, since it is more closely related to serviceability of the fabric. Tearing strength of the fabrics depend on the mobility of the yarn within the fabric structure. In this study, the tearing strength of four types of fabrics warp rib, weft rib, ripstop and plain weave were analysed, which were produced in different densities and with filament and texturised polyester yarns.

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Li, Zhongjian, Fei Yu, Ning Zhang, Yichen Lu, Ruru Pan, and Weidong Gao. "Automatic Construction of Digital Woven Fabric by Using Sequential Yarn Images." Autex Research Journal 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0037.

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Abstract In this article, a computerized method is proposed for simulating digital woven fabric (DWF) based on sequential yarn images captured from a moving yarn. A mathematical model of woven fabric structure is established by assuming that the crimped shape of yarns in weave structure is elastica, and the cross-sections of yarn in sequence image and fabric are circular and ellipse, respectively. The sequential yarn images, which are preprocessed and stitched first by image processing methods, are resized based on the mathematical model. Then a light intensity curve, which consists of radial curve model and axial curve model, is used to simulate the gray texture distribution of interlacing points in radial and axial directions. Finally, a Boole Matrix model is used to control the woven pattern. In the experiment, a slub yarn and a normal yarn samples with same count are applied to simulate gray texture fabrics. Then the gray fabrics are transformed to color fabrics based on three color maps. The fabric simulations are confined to single fabrics of plain, 2/2 matt, and 1/3 twill weaves.

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TATJANA, ŠARAC, STEPANOVIĆ JOVAN, PETROVIĆ VASIJLIJE, and DEMBOSKI GORAN. "Cotton type fabric drape prediction." Industria Textila 68, no. 01 (March 1, 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.068.01.1275.

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Fabric drape can be defined as a phenomenon of crease-forming when the fabric is put under pressure of its own mass, but without the influence of external forces. The drape ability of material has a direct influence on appearance and functionality of the garment. Recent findings in this field indicate that researchers have mostly been defining the phenomenon of draping on the basis of the mechanical characteristics of textiles. This paper presents the method that aims to to predict the draping parameters, where drape is defined in dependence of structure and construction parameters of woven fabric. Drape characteristics are tested on drape meter. Drape coefficient was determined by “cut weight” method. Variety of raw and finished fabrics for apparel are used, in order to explain how the changes of structural and constructional characteristics affect the woven fabric draping. Based on the results it is presented the equation that can be used to predict draping of woven fabric. The obtained results are aimed to provide drape parameters depending on the parameters of the structure and the construction of woven materials

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Banerjee, Prabir Kumar, Swapna Mishra, and Thiyagarajan Ramkumar. "Effect of Sett and Construction on Uniaxial Tensile Properties of Woven Fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 5, no. 2 (June 2010): 155892501000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501000500202.

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The tensile behavior of woven fabrics is known to be affected by its sett and construction. This influence, when clearly understood, would make engineering of fabrics for tensile properties easier. Hence, this work is aimed at understanding the interdependence between the sett, construction and tensile behavior of woven fabrics. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of the number of load bearing and interlacing yarns, the spacing between them, and their interlacement pattern on the tensile behavior of the fabric, typically characterized by the percent yarn strength utilization in the fabric. The results reveal that the factors mentioned above along with the crimp of the constituent yarns and their interchange during the tensile deformation process, influence the tensile properties of the fabric. A significant influence of the distribution of interlacement was also observed.

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Ertekin, Gözde, Nida Oğlakcioğlu, Arzu Marmarali, Burçin Eser, and Maşuk Pamuk. "Thermal Transmission Attributes of Knitted Structures Produced by Using Engineered Yarns." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 4 (December 2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000418.

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Thermal comfort has become an important parameter for clothing design. Factors affecting the thermal behavior of clothing are numerous and they include thermal insulation, transfer of moisture and vapor through clothing and heat exchange, etc. The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal comfort characteristics of knitted structures produced by using two different engineered yarns with the constructions of single jersey and pique. The air permeability, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, and water vapor permeability characteristics were tested. Besides the evaluation of the effects of yarn type and fabric construction, the fabrics were also categorized as dyed and undyed in order to analyze the effect of dyeing on the characteristics of fabrics. The results revealed that air permeability and thermal resistance values decreased after the dyeing process, while thermal absorptivity values increased. Pique fabric construction and fabrics produced with 100% engineered polyester yarn exhibit higher air permeability, higher thermal resistance, and lower thermal absorptivity attributes.

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Shaker, Khubab, Muhammad Umair, Madeha Jabbar, Danish Baitab, Yasir Nawab, Ali Afzal, and Sheraz Ahmad. "Effect of fabric structural design on the thermal properties of woven fabrics." Thermal Science 23, no. 5 Part B (2019): 3059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170707003s.

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The thermal properties of a certain fabric govern its end usage. The enhanced thermal resistance can help to use light weight fabric for cold conditions. The aim of this study was the development fabric with a particular structural design having enhanced thermal resistance, without any change in the constituent materials or any extra process. Fabric samples were produced using cotton and core spun elastane yarns along weft, in a specific sequence. The fabrics had either a flat or puckered appearance, depending on the arrangement of weft yarns. It was observed that the percentage of core spun yarns and fabric thickness had a significant effect on the thermal resistance of fabrics. A valuable difference in the thermal resistance of flat and seersucker (puckered) fabrics, having same construction was observed. It was found to be the effect of the characteristic puckered effect of the seersucker fabric. Statistical models were developed to predict the thermal resistance of flat fabrics using core spun yarns percentage and fabric thickness.

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Seyam, Abdel-Fattah M., Sanaa S. Saleh, Mamdouh Y. Sharkas, and Heba Z. AbouHashish. "Shaped Seamless Woven Garments." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-18-02-2014-b011.

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A range of intricate finished seamless shaped garments have been developed with the aim to fit predetermined sizes. The shape is created by using woven tubular fabrics with differential shrinkage in the same garment. The differential shrinkage is obtained by altering the fabric construction parameters at strategic locations along the length of the garment. The construction arameters include different weaves (plain, 2/2 basket, 1/3 twill, 2/2 twill, and crowfoot), weft densities, weft yarn counts, and weft yarns with different shrinkages (cotton, cotton that contains spandex, and cotton/polyester yarns). The weft yarn tension is used as an additional parameter to influence fabric shrinkage. A total of thirty-three woven fabrics are formed to establish the relationship between the construction parameters, weft tension, and shrinkage of the finished woven fabric. The relationship is used to produce a range of intricate garments with inherent shapes and predetermined sizes.

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Frydrych, Iwona, Semin Güner, M. Şahin Akkaya, and Burçak Karagüzel Kayaoğlu. "Design and Development of Denim Fabrics with Improved Strength and Impact Abrasion Resistance for Motorcyclist Clothing." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 1(127) (February 28, 2018): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7797.

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This study aims to design and develop denim fabrics with enhanced mechanical and impact abrasion resistance performance using different materials, yarn types and fabric constructions. It was aimed to reach the standard impact abrasion resistance requirements of motorcycle protective clothing for Level 1 in high impact areas of the body (zones 1 and 2), such as hip and knee areas. The existence of cotton/Cordura® yarn in warp and T400 polyester yarn in the weft and the use of higher yarn densities increased the performance in tensile strength and impact abrasion resistance, compared to a classical cotton denim fabric. The use of coarser yarns and fabrics with a double weave construction increased impact abrasion resistance compared to single layer cloths. The double and backed cloth samples developed with cotton/Cordura® and Kevlar®/polyester yarns in their construction showed impact abrasion resistance times over 4 s and reached the “EN 13595-2:2002 Level 1 abrasion resistance” standard requirement.

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Mishra, Swapna. "Effect of Construction on Strain distribution in Woven Fabrics under Uniaxial Tensile Deformation." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8, no. 4 (December 2013): 155892501300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501300800410.

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Woven fabrics form an integral part of technical textiles where strength is of prime importance. Amongst various factors found to affect the tensile properties of woven fabrics, change in weave and numbers of yarns is expected to alter initial crimps, ease of crimp interchange and fabric assistance in both the principle directions of testing. Accordingly, a strain analysis of plain and satinette woven fabric samples in raveled strip testing mode were undertaken in this work. The samples were generated under similar weaving conditions while varying only the pick density systematically. An analysis of the strain pattern reveals many interesting observations, the most significant ones being (1) the direct relation between the percentage yarn strength utilization in fabric with the uniformity of strain levels along the two principal directions and (2) a significant difference in the strain distribution of samples tested along warp and weft directions irrespective of the construction.

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Frydrych, Iwona, Pavla Tesinova, Lubos Hes, and Veerakumar Arumugam. "Hydrostatic Resistance and Mechanical Behaviours of Breathable Layered Waterproof Fabrics." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 1(127) (February 28, 2018): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7805.

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Breathable layered waterproof fabrics have good applications in the fields of sportswear, protective clothing and construction industries. The properties of these fabrics in allowing water vapour to pass through while preventing liquid water from entering have made them unique. The mechanical properties of these fabrics are also very important for the satisfaction of the wearers. The layered constructions of these fabrics with different characteristic properties contribute to the influence on their hydrostatic resistance, mechanical properties and water vapour permeability. This study presents an experiment on eight different types of hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane laminated layered fabrics used as sportswear during hot or cold weather. The hydrostatic resistance, tensile strength, stiffness and water vapour permeability of these fabrics were evaluated by varying different fabric parameters in the experiment. It was found from the test results that the fabric density, thickness and weight as well as types of membranes and layers have a significant effect on those properties of the layered fabrics.

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Ezazshahabi, Nazanin, Masoud Latifi, and Mohammad Amani Tehran. "Analysis of Frictional Behavior of Woven Fabrics by a Multi-directional Tactile Sensing Mechanism." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 3 (September 2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000307.

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The frictional property of woven fabrics is one of the prominent surface characteristics which influence the performance of fabrics in a variety of applications. In this paper a novel methodology and instrument is proposed to measure the tactile force between fabric and simulated skin in different directions, and the obtained data are used for assessing fabric frictional property. In this regard, nine groups of woven fabrics consisting of three weave structures and three different weft densities were tested. By fitting the data with a proper equation, the tactile force in terms of fabric direction was predicted. The mentioned equation is also utilized for estimation of frictional behavior of fabric in various directions. Moreover, a single, new parameter called “frictional energy” is defined which has the ability to properly quantify the fabric frictional behavior. Statistical analysis of results reveals that the effect of weave structure and weft density is significant on the fabric friction. Being aware of the effect of fabric construction on friction is a guide for selecting the suitable fabric for various end uses.

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Realff, M. L., M. C. Boyce, and S. Backer. "A Micromechanical Model of the Tensile Behavior of Woven Fabric." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 6 (June 1997): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706700609.

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This work takes a micromechanical approach to fabric tensile modeling. The entire uniaxial tensile stress-strain behavior of the fabric is modeled from the constitutive yarn properties (tensile, bending, flattening, and consolidation behavior) and the original fabric geometry. Techniques for measuring these yarn properties are described. In most cases, there is good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results for several fabrics of differing weave and yarn construction. Modified approaches are suggested for those cases where prediction of fabric stress-strain behavior deviates from the experimental data.

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Narula, Ayushi, Christopher M. Pastore, David Schmelzeisen, Sara El Basri, Jan Schenk, and Subin Shajoo. "Effect of knit and print parameters on peel strength of hybrid 3-D printed textiles." Journal of Textiles and Fibrous Materials 1 (January 1, 2018): 251522111774925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515221117749251.

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The influence of knit fabric structure on the adhesion of three-dimensional (3-D) printed textiles was examined. 3-D printing was applied to different elastic knitted fabrics with different amounts of prestretch, typical for 4-D fabric construction. The quality of the bond was measured in terms of peel strength. Peel strength was measured by pulling the fabric at 180° from the printed plastic to delaminate the 2 and recording the 10 highest peak values observed during the test. The printed width, the ratio of fabric width of print width, fabric washing, and fabric structure were varied. The specimens were then evaluated for peel strength.

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Hasan, K. M. Faridul, Péter György Horváth, and Tibor Alpár. "Potential fabric-reinforced composites: a comprehensive review." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 26 (May 26, 2021): 14381–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06177-6.

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AbstractFabric-based laminated composites are used considerably for multifaceted applications in the automotive, transportation, defense, and structural construction sectors. The fabrics used for composite materials production possess some outstanding features including being lighter weight, higher strength, and lower cost, which helps explain the rising interest in these fabrics among researchers. However, the fabrics used for laminations are of different types such as knit, woven, and nonwoven. Compared to knitted and nonwoven fabrics, woven fabrics are widely used reinforcement materials. Composites made from fabric depend on different properties such as fiber types, origin, compositions, and polymeric matrixes. Finite element analysis is also further facilitating the efficient prediction of final composite properties. As the fabric materials are widely available throughout the world, the production of laminated composites from different fabric is also feasible and cost-effective. This review discusses the fabrication, thermo-mechanical, and morphological performances of different woven, knit, and nonwoven fabric-based composites.

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Marciniak, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Ewa Grabowska, Zbigniew Stempień, and Izabela Luiza Ciesielska-Wróbel. "Shielding of electromagnetic radiation by multilayer textile sets." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 6 (February 28, 2018): 948–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518760749.

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This paper presents the continuation of research on shielding efficiency (SE) of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) by woven fabric made of cotton (warps and wefts) and a hybrid yarn (wefts). This hybrid yarn was made of stainless steel yarn by Bekinox wrapped with an enamelled copper wire from Synflex Elektro GmbH, Germany. The pitch of copper coil on a hybrid yarn equals 3 mm. The wefts were introduced into the fabric in the following order: 1 hybrid yarn, 1 cotton yarn, 1 hybrid yarn, 1 cotton yarn, etc. The construction of this specific fabric was proven to be the most efficient in terms of the hybrid weft construction and the fabric construction to shield EMR among other previously tested fabrics with different weft configuration. The current study proposes to verify the effect of the number of layers of the fabrics and their mutual configuration on the final SE of the multilayered set. Some of the most interesting findings of this study are that increasing the number of layers placed on top of one another with an offset angle of 0° to more than two does not provide a higher SE; however, using three such layers provides an SE of 56 dB, which is over two times higher than that provided by a single layer. Increasing the number of layers of fabric aligned at an angle of 45° provides a higher SE only for a frequency of 30 MHz.

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Grancaric, Ana, Zeljko Penava, and Anita Tarbuk. "UV protection of cotton: The influence of weaving structure." Chemical Industry 59, no. 9-10 (2005): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0510230g.

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Due to the depletion of the ozone layer, shorter but high energy UV-B rays and longer energy UV-A rays causing known skin aging and recently the formation of skin malignant neoplasm are reaching the surface of earth. The paper deals with the influence of different fabric construction on ultraviolet skin protection expressed as the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). It is well known that clothing provides some protection against damage by ultraviolet radiation, but it highly depends on fabric construction, especially for longer exposure to sun light. Fabric openness or porosity is a key parameter influencing ultraviolet (UV-R) transmission. The effect of fabric density and cover factor using twelve woven fabrics from the same cotton fibres and yarn count, but different in type of weaving and fabric density were investigated. UPF and UV-A and UV-B transmission were measured using a transmission spectrophotometer Gary 50 Solarscreen (Varian) according to the AATCC Test Method 183-2000.

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Carr, W. W., D. S. Sarma, M. R. Johnson, B. T. Do, V. A. Williamson, and W. A. Perkins. "Infrared Absorption Studies of Fabrics." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 10 (October 1997): 725–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706701005.

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A technique is discussed in this paper for evaluating the performance of IR emitters in heating and drying fabrics. The efficiency of IR heating depends on both the fabric spectral absorption characteristics and the spectral emission of the infrared source. An FTIR spectrometer with an integrating sphere is used to measure the infrared absorptivities of fabrics over the range of wavelengths from 0.7 to 25 microns (the range of operation of commercial infrared emitters). Spectral absorptivities are used with the normalized emission characteristics of blackbody emitters to calculate average fabric absorptivities for blackbody emitter temperatures ranging from 500 to 3000 K. Overall radiant efficiencies for heating fabrics with blackbody emitters are calculated by multiplying average fabric absorptivities by the radiant efficiencies of emitters in converting input power to IR radiant output power. The effects of fabric characteristics on spectral absorptivities, average absorptivities, and overall radiant efficiencies are studied. Parameters include fiber type, fabric weight, moisture regain, fabric construction, and dyeing. The technique used in this investigation is useful in matching IR emitters with applications for the textile industry.

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Lee, Seungsin, and S. Kay Obendorf. "Statistical modeling of water vapor transport through woven fabrics." Textile Research Journal 82, no. 3 (January 19, 2012): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517511433145.

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Water vapor transport through textile structures is complicated and governed by various factors, including fabric openness, fabric thickness, pore size, and intrinsic fiber properties. The objective of this study is to understand parameters that are critical in the moisture vapor transport through woven textiles and develop a predictive model that describes water vapor transport of woven fabrics using those parameters. Fifteen woven fabrics with various fabric thickness, weight, fabric construction, and staple fiber type were selected, and the water vapor transmission rate, fabric thickness, fabric count, weight, yarn number, yarn twist, yarn diameter, and pore size distribution were measured. Based on the mechanisms of water vapor transmission through porous textile materials, the fabric cover factor, solid volume fraction, yarn twist factor, and yarn packing factor were computed and used as possible predictor variables in the modeling. Moisture regains of fiber were obtained from literature and used as a possible predictor variable. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the relationship between these parameters and water vapor transmission. Statistical analyses revealed that fabric thickness, fabric cover factor, mean flow pore diameter of fabric, and moisture regain of fiber were significant parameters affecting water vapor transmission through woven fabrics. The adjusted R2 value for the final model selected was 0.97. Influence of yarn twist factor and yarn packing factor were shown to be insignificant at the 5% significance level for these experimental conditions.

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Dalal, Mohamed, Jean-Yves Drean, and Jean-François Osselin. "Geometrical Modeling of Woven Fabrics Weavability-Limit New Relationships." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0056.

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Abstract The weavability limit and tightness for 2D and 3D woven fabrics is an important factor and depends on many geometric parameters. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature on textile fabric construction and property, and related research on fabric geometry, a study of the weavability limit and tightness relationships of 2D and 3D woven fabrics was undertaken. Experiments were conducted on a representative number of polyester and cotton woven fabrics which have been woven in our workshop, using three machines endowed with different insertion systems (rapier, projectiles and air jet). Afterwards, these woven fabrics have been analyzed in the laboratory to determine their physical and mechanical characteristics using air permeability-meter and KES-F KAWABATA Evaluation System for Fabrics. In this study, the current Booten’s weavability limit and tightness relationships based on Ashenhurst’s, Peirce’s, Love’s, Russell’s, Galuszynskl’s theory and maximum-weavability is reviewed and modified as new relationships to expand their use to general cases (2D and 3D woven fabrics, all fiber materiel, all yarns etc…). The theoretical relationships were examined and found to agree with experimental results. It was concluded that the weavability limit and tightness relationships are useful tools for weavers in predicting whether a proposed fabric construction was weavable and also in predicting and explaining their physical and mechanical properties.

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Akhtar, Khurram Shehzad, Ali Afzal, Kashif Iqbal, Zahid Sarwar, and Sheraz Ahmad. "Investigation of Manufacturing and Processing Techniques on Shade Variation and Performance Characteristics of Woven Fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 13, no. 3 (September 2018): 155892501801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501801300308.

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The purpose of this research is to examine the properties of vortex and ring spun yarns and their influence on the properties of woven fabrics. Cotton/PET fibers with the same blend ratio were used to produce vortex and ring spun yarns of 24.6 tex. These yarns were woven into a fabric with a satin weave construction. Heat setting was done to control the dimensional shrinkage and its effect on results was investigated. The woven fabric was dyed using exhaust and continuous dyeing methods. The vortex yarn fabric yields superior shade depth, pilling and fastness properties in comparison to the ring yarn fabric.

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Long, A. C., B. J. Souter, F. Robitaille, and C. D. Rudd. "Effects of Fibre Architecture on Deformation during Preform Manufacture." Advanced Composites Letters 8, no. 6 (November 1999): 096369359900800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359900800608.

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Simulations of fabric deformation during preform manufacture are usually based on a kinematic mapping of the fibres onto the component. Whilst this approach can anticipate excessive deformation, it takes no account of the effect of fabric construction on subsequent forming characteristics. The aim of this study is to establish a relationship between fibre architecture and formability, and to incorporate this within an enhanced draping simulation. The approach utilises a geometric model for woven or warp-knitted fabrics, which forms the basis of a mechanical model for fabric deformation. The model is then used to determine the shear strain energy required to produce a particular draped fibre pattern. This is implemented within an iterative procedure to determine the draped pattern resulting in minimum strain energy. The results compare favourably with experiments for hemispherical preforms, where initial fabric construction is shown to have a significant effect on the resulting fibre orientations.

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Pavlović, Željka, and Zlatko Vrljičak. "Comparing double jersey knitted fabrics made of Tencel and modal yarns, spun by different spinning methods." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502091985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020919854.

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A double-bed circular knitting machine with a gauge of E17 and a needle bar diameter of 200 mm (8 in) was used to make three groups of plain weft knitted Tencel fabrics and three groups of modal knitted fabrics. The yarns were spun using three spinning methods: ring, rotor, and air-jet system. Their count was 20 tex. All the knitted fabric samples were manufactured under the same conditions. One-half of each knitted fabric sample remained unfinished, while the other half was finished. Structure parameters of all finished and unfinished knitted fabrics were analyzed, and the most significant parameters were compared. Tensile properties of the knitted fabrics in wale and course directions were measured. The difference in the elasticity of the knitted fabric was analyzed in particular, and the portions of knitted fabric stretch are given. The basic conclusion is that using equal yarn fineness, but different raw material composition and structure, the produced knitted fabrics had substantially different fabric masses per unit area. The raw material composition and construction of the yarn, that is, the yarn manufacturing process and the spinning process produce yarns of different structures and properties that are manifested in the structure and properties of the knitted fabric. Thus, the finishing process must be specific for each raw material composition and yarn structure.

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Kocaman, Recep Türkay, Dilbar Aibibu, and Chokri Cherif. "New Image Analysis Method for Determination of the Inter-Fibre Pore Size Intensity of Polyester Woven Barrier Fabrics." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 4(130) (August 31, 2018): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1315.

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Porosity is an important characteristic of a filter textile, which affects permeability and retention properties. Determination of the inter-yarn and inter-fibre pore sizes of barrier textiles is also required to assess the filter behaviour of these textiles. In this study, a software tool was developed to detect the inter-fibre pore size distribution and pore size intensity of multifilament woven barrier fabrics using cross-section images. Fabrics were chosen according to their fabric construction parameters, such as the fabric index, weft yarn filament fineness and weft yarn structure (flat or textured). Microscopic cross-section images of weft yarns were taken, processed to binary images, and analysed with respect to the pore size distribution, number of pore lengths and pore intensity. It was also analysed how the fabric index, filament cross-section and filament fineness affect the inter-fibre pore lengths and separation level proposed. It was found that weft yarns with wider lengths and lower height showed wider inter-fibre pores. Inter-fibre pores decreased with a decrease in filament fineness. Moreover the separation level proposed deviated from the 90% level depending on the fabric index. This deviation was very small in samples with reduced filament fineness and textured samples. The separation level proposed will be useful to understand the effect of fabric construction parameters to obtain targeted properties regarding inter-fibre and inter-yarn pore size.

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Ziberna‐Sujica, Milena, and Andreja Pinteric. "Numerical evaluation of fabric construction parameters." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 10, no. 3/4 (August 1998): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556229810693591.

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Urbas, Raša, Klara Kostanjšek, and Krste Dimitrovski. "Impact of structure and yarn colour on UV properties and air permeability of multilayer cotton woven fabrics." Textile Research Journal 81, no. 18 (June 20, 2011): 1916–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517511413326.

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The aim of our work was to establish whether very good to excellent UV (ultraviolet) protective properties of fabrics can be obtained through a suitable fabric construction and yarn colour, at the same time ensuring suitable air permeability. For this purpose, six different fabric structures divided into three groups were employed. The samples were made in blue and red combinations of weft with different sequences and proportions between the upper and lower weave threads. A comparison of different fabric structures and colours was attempted to enable the assessment of the impact of the mentioned parameters on both, UV protective properties and air permeability of fabrics. The analysis comprised the investigation of physical and permeability properties, as well as the colour measurements on twelve different cotton fabrics. The research indicated excellent UV protection (>60) in all samples. UV protection depended on their construction and in a sufficiently closed structure, also on the colour of the used yarn. There was no significant difference between the samples in blue and red. In addition to excellent UV protection, four samples (one double-weft and three double fabrics) also demonstrated very high air permeability, which was 3–5 times higher than in the one-layer sample, which demonstrated the best UV protective properties. The research has shown that fabrics with a very high ultraviolet protective factor value and good air permeability can be made by using a suitable construction and yarn colours that sufficiently absorb UV light; the latter being particularly important for light summer cotton clothes.

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SALISTEAN, Adrian, Carmen MIHAI, Irina CRISTIAN, Daniela FARIMA, and Cristina PIROI. "FABRIC FOR SINGLE SKIN TEXTILE WING." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.09.

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The fabrics used to make parachutes and paragliders must have the several specific characteristics: the mass of fabric per unit of surface must be low while the other physical- mechanical characteristics (the axial breaking strength load, the relative and absolute elongation, the tear resistance of the fabric and the assemblies, air permeability) must be at a maximum. The paper deals with the analysis of qualitative aspects of several parachute fabrics that are used as a baseline in the development of a novel fabric. The results of experiments have materialized in statistical data, diagrams and graphs and their interpretation leads to the determination of the fabric variant that best meets the requirements of the destination. The destination is a patent pending inflatable wing design that utilizes a single skin construction and solid reinforcements in the sewing for shape stability. It is worth noting that the experimental results were compared with values indicated in specific international testing norms.

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Hakam, Mohamed, Wael Hashima, Ibrahim Elhawary, and Adel Elgeiheini. "Introducing a Newly Developed Fabric for Air Filtration." Autex Research Journal 20, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2019-0024.

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AbstractWoven and nonwoven fabrics present filtration efficiency higher than other air filtration media. Fabrics are selected according to air flow conditions and particle characteristics. The majority of air filtration media are nonwoven fabrics because of their cost, but they need high filtration area for high efficiency. Modified construction of woven fabric introduces high performance in air filtration and decreases filter size, which tends to have better competition abilities. The designed fabrics have considerable thickness and suitable pore characteristics by applying roving instead of weft yarns. Four factors (roving count and their turns per inch, picks per inch and fabric designs) were varied in order to study the effect of these factors on their performance in filtration. Optimum operating conditions for a determined range of air permeability and pore size were obtained.

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Grgac, Sandra Flinčec, Sandra Bischof, Tanja Pušić, Irena Petrinić, and Thomas Luxbacher. "Analytical Assessment of the Thermal Decomposition of Cotton-modacryl Knitted Fabrics." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (December 31, 2017): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5372.

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Fabric flammability is affected by various factors such as the fibre composition, fabric construction, FR (flame retardant) finish, oxygen concentration and environmental conditions (moisture content, heat.). Inherently FR fabrics are synthetics which have been changed at the molecular level to make the fabrics thermally stable and able to pass FR tests. The thermal properties of knitted fabrics produced from cotton, modacryl and their blends were investigated in this paper. The design of FR knitted fabrics and an optimal blend ratio were evaluated by different thermoanalytical methods: the flame behaviour and thermal stability with the limited oxygen index (LOI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), coupled thermal gravimetry - Fourier transform infrared technique (TG-FTIR) and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). Surface characterisation of the knitted fabrics designed was evaluated by the streaming potential method. Knitted fabric in the blend ratio C50:M50 proved to possess the most favourable FR characteristics, additionally confirmed by optimal hydrophilic properties evaluated through zeta potential measurement.

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Ozen, Ilhan. "Multi-layered Breathable Fabric Structures with Enhanced Water Resistance." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 4 (December 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700402.

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This work reports waterproof breathable layered fabrics consisting of simple fabric weave types (plain, twill) and microporous breathable films. The pretreated fabrics were treated with water-repellent finishing chemicals. Afterwards, layered structures were generated by bringing the fabrics and the microporous breathable films together. According to the results of water repellency, hydrostatic pressure (water resistancy) and water vapor permeability tests conducted on the samples with/without microporous film layers, waterproof breathable layered fabrics were able to be generated, which are supposed to be used as construction materials.

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SĂLIȘTEAN, ADRIAN, and CARMEN MIHAI. "Textile wing fabric for emergency response UAS." Industria Textila 71, no. 04 (August 31, 2020): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.04.1762.

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The fabrics used to manufacture parachutes and paragliders must have several specific characteristics: the mass of fabric per unit of surface must be low while the other physical-mechanical characteristics (the axial breaking strength load, the relative and absolute elongation, the tear resistance of the fabric and the assemblies, air permeability) must have high values. The paper deals with the analysis of qualitative aspects of several parachute fabrics that are used as a baseline in the development of a novel fabric. The results of experiments have materialized in statistical data, diagrams and graphs and their interpretation leads to the determination of the fabric variant that best meets the requirements of the destination. The destination is a patent pending inflatable wing design that utilizes a single skin construction and solid reinforcements in the sewing for shape stability. It is worth noting that the experimental results were compared with values indicated in specific international testing norms.

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Tsunoda, Hiroaki, Yumi Senbokuya, and Akihito Watanabe. "Rigidizable Space Inflatable Structures Using Triaxial Woven Fabrics with Low Fabric Construction." SPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN, THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES 2 (2003): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/stj.2.9.

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Wei, Qingsong, Bohong Gu, and Baozhong Sun. "Ballistic penetration damages and energy absorptions of stacked cross-plied composite fabrics and laminated panels." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 29, no. 9 (May 25, 2020): 1465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789520927074.

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Flexible fabrics have been widely used in body armor designs. Here we report ballistic impact damage of stacked cross-plied composite fabric and cross-plied laminated panels. The ballistic impact behaviors of stacked cross-plied composite fabric and cross-plied laminated panel have been tested with fragment-simulating projectiles under the strike velocity 550–600 m/s to explore the influence of the layers combination of fabric target on ballistic impact. Two types of macroscopic anisotropy continua finite element models based on fabric targets structures are established to analyze the ballistic mechanism of stacked cross-plied composite fabric and cross-plied laminated panels. The impact damage morphologies and energy absorptions have also been compared between the tests and finite element analysis results. We have found the stacked fabric construction absorbed more energy than their counterpart cross-plied laminated panel, while the laminated panel shows better structural integrity and stability during ballistic penetration.

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Sirková, Brigita Kolčavová, and Eva Moučková. "Analysis Possibilities of Controlled Transport of Moisture in Woven Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0008.

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Abstract The article is focused on testing of selected properties of linear and planar textiles from modified cotton yarns. In this article, the influence of woven fabric construction on wettability and possibilities of detection of moisture in the woven fabric is analyzed. Improving the physiological and hygienic properties for woven fabrics can be achieved with a specially designed textile structure in combination with a permanent surface finish of sub-set of yarns. Inserting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic set of threads in the woven structure makes possible controlled water transport. Controlled transport of water ensures good clothing comfort. Using such woven fabric, accumulation of water on the skin does not occur during the process of thermoregulation of the human body. The properties and behavior of the designed fabric will be determined by surface finishing of the warp and weft yarns (sub-set of yarns), which are supporting elements of the fabric.

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Gregory, Shawn Alan, Keshav Swarup, Christopher Lo, Ryan Dwyer, Michael Davidson, Timothy Monroe, Colten Spivey, and Mary Lynn Realff. "Understanding thermomechanical failure of athletic textiles via the pendulum skid method." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 10 (June 11, 2018): 1825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518779994.

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Fiber textiles worn by some athletes and basketball and volleyball players experience higher than usual thermomechanical stresses compared to everyday garments because these athletes slide and dive on hardwood courts. Common textile testing procedures, such as the Martindale abrasion tester, effectively test textiles under modest loads and thousands of cycles, but this methodology does not suffice for athletic textiles. In addition, there is not a robust model nor a repeatable test that mimics high thermomechanical stress on fabrics and provides insights on fabric abrasion resistance. We present a model to calculate the temperatures and strain rates that are seen by fabrics undergoing thermomechanical deformation. To enable validation of the model, a fabric pendulum abrasion tester, an adaptation of the Cooper pendulum skid tester, was developed. The tester characterizes high-strain fabric abrasion deformation. This adaptation is statistically reliable and induces repeatable and realistic fabric failure within tens to hundreds of cycles, proving to be analogous to the loads athletes place on their textiles. Analog electronics on the pendulum abrasion tester generate real-time temperature and velocity profiles. A series of 11 unique athletic fabrics were abrasion tested, and it was found that fabrics with macroporosity experience the largest abrasion degradation. Significant degradation sites were further explored using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, and it was shown that thermomechanical loading’s effect on fiber microstructure is a function of the fabric construction. This novel abrasion tester and quantitative relationships between fabric structure and degradation mechanisms will enable more data-driven decisions when designing textiles for thermomechanical loads.

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Takatera, Masayuki, Yoshio Shimizu, and Akira Shinohara. "Sphere Surface Construction with Woven Fabric Polyhedron." FIBER 59, no. 2 (2003): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.76.

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Nicholls, Robert. "Construction of Grout‐Impregnated Fabric‐Reinforced Pipes." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 118, no. 2 (June 1992): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1992)118:2(283).

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Oswald, Courtney, and Emiel DenHartog. "Transient heat loss analysis of fabrics using a dynamic sweating guarded hot plate protocol." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 9-10 (November 13, 2019): 1130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519888257.

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Moisture management is important for the human comfort of clothing, especially while perspiring. Ideally, the fabric chosen for a garment enables moisture to migrate away from the skin surface, facilitating the liquid to be evaporated into the surrounding environment, which causes a cooling sensation for the wearer. This process is influenced by factors such as fiber type, fabric construction, and fabric treatments, all of which impact the resulting wicking and moisture management properties of the fabric. This research explored the heat loss associated with combined water absorption, wicking, and evaporative cooling during wetting of fabrics. A dynamic sweating guarded hot plate was used to measure transitional heat loss as water was introduced at a steady rate over a 65-minute testing period. The results on a cotton and polyester blend fabric as well as a wool fabric indicated that the liquid water absorption and transport processes significantly influence heat loss properties during this transition. However, the results also show novel aspects in the efficiency of cooling associated with the wicking of sweat and different stages of wetting of fabrics leading to different cooling power. Furthermore, this method raises questions as to whether current sweating guarded hot plate technologies are an appropriate representation of human sweat production or that the scalability of sweat production per unit area is limited. This developed testing method can be successful in quantifying the differences in transitional heat loss and will enable testing of fabrics for comfort in changing conditions.

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Sun, Fangning, Abdelfattah M. Seyam, and B. S. Gupta. "A Generalized Model for Predicting Load-Extension Properties of Woven Fabrics." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 12 (December 1997): 866–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706701202.

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A method to predict the load-extension behavior of woven fabrics is proposed. Kawabata et al.'s finite deformation theory, which predicts load-extension properties of plain weave and 2/2 twill fabrics in terms of fabric construction parameters and yarn tensile properties, is the basis for the study. The model is generalized to predict the load-elongation behavior of any weave by introducing a parameter that characterizes the interlacing point distribution pattern of the weave. Using the biaxial and uniaxial strain modes, the load-deformation curves over an entire range of strains can be generated. The model applies to woven structures of different degrees of openness, of which the fabric jamming condition is an extreme case.

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Das, Biswa Ranjan, Dasaradhan Bharathi, Deepak Kumar Yadav, Manoj Kumar Singh, Thako Hari Goswami, and Namburi Eswara Prasad. "DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALTY COATED FABRICS FOR CANOPY OF INFLATABLE MILITARY TENT (IMT) FOR FOREST AREA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i2.2021.3387.

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The principal objectives of this present work were to develop novel coated fabrics in olive green (OG) colour to serve as canopy for inflatable military tent (IMT) for forest area. Two varieties of coated fabrics were developed by coating of specific grade aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) on Nylon fabrics and one more with coating of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on Polyester fabric. The construction parameters and properties of the substrate basic fabrics used for coating were evaluated and reported. The various functional parameters such as breaking strength and elongation%, tear strength, bursting strength, waterproofness, flame retardancy, flexing, accelerated ageing (-400C and 700C), blocking, ultraviolet (UV) radiation protection and colour fastness to washing and light of the coated fabrics were measured and reported with details, along with an elaborate note on the preparatory process pursued for the development of these coated fabrics. The most suitable coated fabric for canopy of IMT was selected based on the evaluated functional features. Further, the thermal analysis was carried out for the selected coated fabric using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) for assessing its heat resistance. The shelf-life of the selected coated fabric was assessed by evaluating the residual strength (tensile and bursting), measured by subjecting it to accelerated and natural weathering tests. A special device was fabricated to carry out natural weathering test. Statistical analysis was performed at 95% significance level to estimate the actual strength (tensile and bursting) loss upon weathering.

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Wu, Shaofei. "Construction of visual 3-D fabric reinforced composite thermal performance prediction system." Thermal Science 23, no. 5 Part A (2019): 2857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190104200w.

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In view of the construction of a visualized 3-D thermal performance prediction system for fabric reinforced composites, the thermal constants analyzer was used to analyze and compare the thermal conductivity of the 3-D fabric reinforced composites by experimental methods, such as fiber volume fraction, internal braiding angle, and different yarn reduction methods and fabric structures. The factors influencing the thermal conductivity of 3-D fabric reinforced composites were studied, and the principle of thermal conductivity was analyzed. The thermal expansion coefficients of 3-D fabric reinforced composites in X- and Y-directions are one order of magnitude smaller than those in Z-directions. When aramid fabric is used as reinforcement, the composites with negative thermal expansion coefficients can be designed. The research results provide the necessary basis for the design, application and theoretical research of the 3-D fabric reinforced composites in heat conduction. Through the research of this paper, it lays a foundation for the process selection, performance design and structure optimization of this kind of material, and promotes the further application of 3-D braided composites.

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Szkudlarek, Joanna, and Marek Snycerski. "Structural Modelling of Blackout Fabrics Patterned by Weave. Used as a Curtains in Interior Public Spaces." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (August 31, 2017): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2662.

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In the first part of this article a new construction of blackout fabrics and attempts at modifying them are described. The assumption of the research was to obtain a weaving barrier against visible light (VIS) in weave-patterned fabric (jacquard) used as a curtain designed for public buildings. For this purpose the possibility of obtaining barrier properties in one-warp and build-up thread fabric was checked. Afterwards the barrier properties of the weaving structures designed were evaluated by the spectrophotometric method according to standard methodology. The level of barrier properties achieved confirms the legitimacy of the hypothesis about the possibility of acquiring such properties in patterned jacquard fabrics. The article presents the first attempt at an objective assessment of the barrier properties of jacquard blackout fabrics conducted based on digital image analysis. The experimental results proved that the method proposed allows to detect the structural interstices of woven fabric correctly, which can be used to asses the value of barrier features. The work is a summary of achievements in the field of the design and assessment of barrier properties of a new type of blackout fabrics.

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Peneva, Tania. "MODELING OF LADIES’ DRESSES IN DIFFERENT SILHOUETTES OF KNITTED FABRIC." International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education, ICTTE 2019 (2019): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ictte.2019.06.034.

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The present study presents a study and analysis of the properties of knitted fabrics and their influence in the process of modeling women's dresses in different silhouettes. We present model designs for the production of three models of ladies dresses from knitted cloth in different silhouettes. An analysis of „model оf modeling” approaches has been made. The relationship between basic structure, model and properties of the textile material has been studied. The aim of the present study is to enable the fabric material, construction and model to be taken into account at the earliest stage in designing ladies' dresses made of knitted fabric.

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Gong, Ji Xian, Yan Fei Ren, Hui Qin Li, Zheng Li, Qiu Jin Li, and Jian Fei Zhang. "Natural Compounds from Plant Waste for Textile Processing: Construction and Evaluation of Dyeing and Finishing with Extracting Solution of Tea-Stalk and Apocynum Halm." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.115.

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Nature provides readyanswers to scientific and technical problems and inspires us with a series of technologicalinnovations. The distribution of pigment in vivo inspired theprocess of fabric finishing. Naturalcompounds from plant waste was employed for textile processing in thisinvestigation and the method of dyeing and finishing simultaneous wasconstructed. Capacity and function of the process was evaluated through colour yield and fastness, antifungalactivity and UV –protection performance. Tawny colour was obtained in theprotein fabrics processed with the extracting solution of tea-stalk and Apocynum halm. The fastness properties of both tea and Apocynum dyed samplesare quite satisfactory for practical textile dyeing purposes, especially thewool fabrics processed with tea-stalk extracting solution. And the protein fabric samples treated with tea and Apocynum waste solutionshowed good inhibitory effect (>50%) against E.coli and S.aureus. UV protection level ofprotein fabrics were increased with the treatment by extracting solution of tea-stalkand Apocynum halm.

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MÜGE, DURSUN, ŞENOL YAVUZ, BULGUN ENDER YAZGAN, and AKKAN TANER. "Neural network based thermal protective performance prediction of three-layered fabrics for firefighter clothing." Industria Textila 70, no. 01 (March 1, 2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.01.1527.

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The firefighter protective clothing is comprised of three main layers; an outer shell, a moisture barrier and a thermal liner. This three-layered fabric structure provides protection against the fire and extremely hot environments. Various parameters such as fabric construction, weight, warp/weft count, warp/weft density, thickness, water vapour resistance of the fabric layers have effect on the protective performance as heat transfer through the firefighter clothing. In this study, it is aimed to examine the predictability of the heat transfer index of three-layered fabrics, as function of the fabric parameters using artificial neural networks. Therefore, 64 different three layered-fabric assembly combinations of the firefighter clothing were obtained and the convective heat transfer (HTI) and radiant heat transfer (RHTI) through the fabric combinations were measured in a laboratory. Six multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN) each with a single hidden layer and the same 12 input data were constructed to predict the convective heat transfer performance and the radiant heat transfer performance of three-layered fabrics separately. The networks 1 to 4 were trained to predict HTI12, HTI24, RHTI12, and RHTI24, respectively, while networks 5 and 6 had two outputs, HTI12 and HTI24, and RHTI12 and RHTI24, respectively. Each system indicates a good correlation between the predicted values and the experimental values. The results demonstrate that the proposed MLPNNs are able to predict the convective heat transfer and the radiant heat transfer effectively. However, the neural network with two outputs has slightly better prediction performance

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Singletary, James, and Alex Bogdanovich. "3-D Orthogonal Woven Soft Body Armor." Journal of Industrial Textiles 29, no. 4 (April 2000): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808370002900405.

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We present highlights of the development of 3-D orthogonal woven aramid soft body armor. Fabric construction and test results are presented for armors of 0.8-1.1 lb/ft2 areal weight tested against 9mm FMJ bullets. The influence of several construction parameters are identified and the penetration process is hypothesized. We also discuss some of the practical issues associated with the large-scale use of 3-D orthogonal fabrics in soft armor. We conclude with a brief contrast between soft and hard fiber-reinforced armor design.

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Liu, Jed, Owen Arden, Michael D. George, and Andrew C. Myers. "Fabric: Building open distributed systems securely by construction." Journal of Computer Security 25, no. 4-5 (July 10, 2017): 367–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcs-15805.

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AYAKTA, Duygu, Sezin İLARSLAN ÇELİKKIRAN, and Eren ONER. "Effects of fabric composition and construction on the performance properties of the worsted fabrics." Usak University Journal of Engineering Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47137/uujes.798295.

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Rubeziene, Vitalija, Julija Baltusnikaite-Guzaitiene, Ausra Abraitiene, Audrone Sankauskaite, Paulius Ragulis, Gilda Santos, and Juana Pimenta. "Development and Investigation of PEDOT:PSS Composition Coated Fabrics Intended for Microwave Shielding and Absorption." Polymers 13, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081191.

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This study presents the investigation of the electromagnetic properties and resistance performance of electrically conductive fabrics coated with composition containing the conjugated polymer system poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The developed fabrics were intended for electromagnetic radiation (EMR) shielding in microwave range and for absorbing microwaves in radar operating range, so as to act as radar absorbing materials (RAM). The measurements of reflection and transmission of the developed fabrics were performed in a frequency range of 2–18 GHz, which covers the defined frequencies relevant to the application. Four types of fabrics with different fiber composition (polyamide; polyamide/cotton; wool and para-aramid/viscose) were selected and coated with conductive paste using screen printing method. It was found that EMR shielding effectiveness (SE) as well as absorption properties depend not only the amount of conductive paste topped on the fabric, but also resides in the construction parameters of fabrics. Depending on such fabric structural parameters as density, mass per unit area, type of weave, a layer of shield (or coating) just sticks on the fabric surface or penetrates into fabric, changing the shield thickness and herewith turning SE results. Meanwhile, the fiber composition of fabrics influences mostly bonding between fibers and polymer coating. To improve the resistance performance of the developed samples, a conventional textile surface modification technique, atmospheric plasma treatment, was applied. Initially, before plasma treatment and after treatment the fabrics were evaluated regarding an aqueous liquid repellency test, measuring the contact angles for the water solvent. The influence of plasma treatment on resistance performance of coated fabrics was evaluated by subjecting the plasma treated samples and untreated samples to abrasion in the Martindale abrasion apparatus and to multiplex washing cycles. These investigations revealed that applied plasma treatment visibly improved abrasion resistance as a result of better adhesion of the coating. However, washing resistance increased not so considerably.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fabric construction'

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