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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fabric processing'
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Malek, Abdel Salam. "Online fabric inspection by image processing technology." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720041.
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The purpose of this thesis is to automate the online detection of weaving defects by a computerized system based on image processing software. Obviously, fabric inspection has an importance to prevent risk of delivering inferior quality product. Until recently, the visual defect detection is still under taken offline and manually by humans with many drawbacks such as tiredness, boredom, and, inattentiveness. Fortunately, the continuous development in computer technology introduces the online automated fabric inspection as an effective alternative. Because the defect-free fabric has a periodic regular structure, the occurrence of a defect in the fabric breaks the regular structure. Therefore, the fabric defects can be detected by monitoring fabric structure. In our work, Fast Fourier Transform and Cross-correlation techniques, i.e. linear operations, are first implemented to examine the structure regularity features of the fabric image in the frequency domain. To improve the efficiency of the technique and overcome the problem of detection errors, further thresholding operation is implemented using a level selection filter. Through this filter, the technique is able to detect only the actual or real defects and highlight their exact dimensions. A software package such as Matlab or Scilab is used for this procedure. It is implemented firstly on a simulated plain fabric to determine the most important parameters during the process of defect detection and then to optimize each of them even considering noise. To verify the success of the technique, it is implemented on real plain fabric samples with different colours containing various defects. Finally, a vision-based fabric inspection prototype that could be accomplished on-loom to inspect the fabric under construction with 100% coverage is proposed.
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Lane, Karen Molly. "Analysis of knitted fabric models using image processing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8581.
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Zou, Haichuan. "Investigation of hardware and software configuration on a wavelet-based vision system--a case study." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8719.
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Thomas, Howard LaVann. "Analysis of defects in woven fabrics : development of the knowledge base." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9185.
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Kuo, Chun-Yi. "Quantifying the fabric of granular materials an image analysis approach." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20700.
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Myslinski, Paul Joseph. "Analysis of Cyanate Ester Resins and Graphite Fabric for Use in Resin Film Infusion Processing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35804.
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The objective of this investigation was to characterize two cyanate ester resins and a eight harness satin (8HS) graphite fabric for use in resin film infusion (RFI) processing. Two cyanate ester resin systems were characterized to determine their cure-kinetics, and viscosities during cure. A 8HS graphite fabric was tested in compaction and through the thickness permeability. A one-dimensional, through the thickness, flow and cure computer simulation was run.
The resin cure-kinetics models predicted the curing behavior of the resins as functions of time, temperature, and degree of cure. The proposed viscosity models determined the resin viscosity as a function of temperature and degree of cure. The 8HS graphite fabric was tested in compaction and through the thickness permeability to determine the effect of compaction pressure on fiber volume fraction and in turn on through the thickness permeability. The one-dimensional RFI flow and cure simulation combined the cure-kinetics and viscosity models of the resins with the characteristics of the graphite fabric and determined resin infiltration and cure times.
The proposed cure-kinetics and viscosity models were more than adequate in modeling the cure and flow behavior of the cyanate ester resin systems. Power law curve fits accurately represented the compaction and through the thickness permeability of the 8HS graphite fabric. Finally, the one-dimensional RFI flow and cure simulation showed that resin viscosity was the major influence on the infiltration times.
Master of Science
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Rau, Anand V. "Processing of toughened cyanate ester matrix composites." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151604/.
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Hammes, Daniel Markus [Verfasser]. "Data processing, 3D grain boundary modelling and analysis of in-situ deformation experiments using an automated fabric analyser microscope / Daniel Markus Hammes." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114906577X/34.
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Mallach, Annegret, Frank Härtel, Frieder Heieck, Jan-Philipp Fuhr, Peter Middendorf, and Maik Gude. "Experimental comparison of a macroscopic draping simulation for dry non-crimp fabric preforming on a complex geometry by means of optical measurement." Sage, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35794.
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Scope of the presented work is a detailed comparison of a macroscopic draping model with real fibre architecture on a complex non-crimp-fabric preform using a new robot-based optical measurement system. By means of a preliminary analytical process design approach, a preforming test centre is set up to manufacture dry non-crimp-fabric preforms. A variable blank holder setup is used to investigate the effect of different process parameters on the fibre architecture.The real fibre architecture of those preforms is captured by the optical measurement system, which generates a threedimensional model containing information about the fibre orientation along the entire surface of the preform. The measured and calculated fiber orientations are then compared with the simulation results in a three-dimensional overlay file. The results show that the analytical approach is able to predict local hot spots with high shear angles on the preform. Macroscopic simulations show a higher sensitivity towards changes in blank holder pressure than reality and limit the approach to precisely predict fibre architecture parameters on complex geometries.
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Li, Jie. "Description of Jersey knitted fabrics using image processing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8595.
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Saunders, R. A. "Compression and microstructure of glass fibre fabrics in the processing of polymer composites." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842832/.
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The compression of typical glass fibre woven fabrics, namely plain, twill, satin, and noncrimped stitch-bonded fabric, was studied experimentally by performing a series of mechanical tests on dry and resin impregnated assemblies of fabrics. This was followed by microstructural studies of corresponding laminates cured under different degrees of compression. The experiments included investigations on the effects of applied pressure, speed of compression, fabric orientation, number of plies and different resin systems on fibre volume fraction,Vf, of the compressed assembly. It was found that the compression of dry fabrics followed a power-law relationship between pressure and Vf where the power law index, b, was determined to be approximately equal to 10.3, 9.8 and 9.1 for assemblies consisting of plain, twill and 5 harness satin weaves, respectively. A mathematical analysis was performed for the viscoelastic compression of resin impregnated assemblies of fabrics and a model was developed incorporating the deformation of the fibre network and resin flow through the reinforcement. A methodology was devised for the geometrical representation of plain weaves in the microstructural analysis of cured laminates. The microstructural studies then provided data for the area and geometrical parameters of the yam cross-section; the mean amplitude, wavelength and phase angle of the yarn waveform and the distance between plies at different compression pressures. Cross-sections of laminates with each of the considered fabrics were compared in terms of fibre area fractions, porosity and void content, for the different compression pressures. The aim for the microstructural analysis was to elucidate the mechanism of compression and to follow the development of fibre and pore structure under different degrees of compression. It was concluded that the compression of resin impregnated woven fabrics could be considered as a combination of four modes of deformation; (a) the elimination of a resin rich interlayer between adjacent layers of fabric; (b) the nesting of layers of fabric by slipping while under compression; (c) the deformation of the yam waveform which results in the reduction of thickness of individual plies and (d) the compression and deformation of the cross-sections of individual yarns.
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Arrepia, Carlos Manuel Araújo. "Estudo crítico do processo de fabrico de sorbet artesanal. Processo de descontaminação do morango." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5260.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Segurança e Qualidade Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe present study took place at Santini, S.A., a home made ice cream company, during the transfer layout for the new installations. The main objective was to delineate the manufacturing process of Sorbet, to can determinate the critical points of preparation of fruit (in particular strawberries), in order to optimize the process conditions in the new factory. Initially, still at the old installations, was carried on, the manual mode of strawberry descontamination, where was analysed different binomials time and concentration of sodium hypochlorite, in order to understand those that are more effective. Once defined the best results, it was possible to improve the choosen conditions to the descontamination operation in automatic mode. At the new plant, already at the automatic wash fruit machine 90 ppm solution of sodium hypochlorite was used at different times. Following the temperature, pH solution and % loss of soluble solids (SST) on strawberry, were monitored. It was concluded that for the test conditions in manual mode, the largest logarithmic reduction for microorganisms at 30º C was 2,15 log cycles for the conditions of 81 ppm at 1 minute and 116 ppm at 5 minutes. The application in automatic mode of 90 ppm for 5 minutes proved to be effective in reducing the microbial load present in the strawberry. The SST of the strawberry is inversely proportional to the duration of decontamination unit operation.
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Haigh, John Stephen. "The influence of yarn production and processing variables on loop distortion in plain knit fabrics." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/477/.
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After reviewing past work into the geometry of the symmetrical idealised plain knit loop, an account is given of the present knowledge of loop distortion, which represents one of the major problem areas of the knitting industry. The shortcomings of this knowledge are shown to be that, although a large number of processing variables have been demonstrated to be associated with loop distortion, there have been no systematic studies of the defect and there have been virtually no attempts to explain it in terms of fundamental physical characteristics of the yarn. Eleven yarn production and processing variables are examined within the framework of factorially designed experiments. The influence of these independent variables is statistically related both to ranked levels of loop distortion and to values of yarn physical characteristics. The two latter groups of data are also inter-related by rank correlation. It is shown that loop distortion is dependent upon at least three yarn characteristics which, in turn, are dependent upon particular production and processing variables. These three are yarn bending hysteresis, bending rigidity, and count regularity. The greater propensity for wool to distort in comparison to acrylic is explained in relation to these characteristics, and to their different changes during processes such as steam setting and package dyeing. The work is finally reviewed both from the point of view of the manufacturer, who wishes to be able to predict the likelihood that a particular yarn will cause distortion, and the textile technologist who is not only interested in choosing the optimum yarn production conditions for minimum distortion, but would like to improve the fabric appearance by changes or additions to established production routes.
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Bhatia, Vikram. "Signal processing techniques for optical fiber sensors using white light interferometry." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192009-040440/.
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Ma, Cheng. "Modeling and Signal Processing of Low-Finesse Fabry-Perot Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77225.
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This dissertation addresses several theoretical issues in low-finesse fiber optic Fabry-Perot Interferometric (FPI) sensors. The work is divided into two levels: modeling of the sensors, and signal processing based on White-Light-Interferometry (WLI).
In the first chapter, the technical background of the low-finesse FPI sensor is briefly reviewed and the problems to be solved are highlighted.
A model for low finesse Extrinsic FPI (EFPI) is developed in Chapter 2. The theory is experimentally proven using both single-mode and multimode fiber based EFPIs. The fringe visibility and the additional phase in the spectrum are found to be strongly influenced by the optical path difference (OPD), the output spatial power distribution and the working wavelength; however they are not directly related to the light coherence.
In Chapter 3, the Single-Multi-Single-mode Intrinsic FPI (SMS-IFPI) is theoretically and experimentally studied. Reflectivity, cavity refocusing, and the additional phase in the sensor spectrum are modeled. The multiplexing capacity of the sensor is dramatically increased by promoting light refocusing. Similar to EFPIs, wave-front distortion generates an additional phase in the interference spectrogram. The resultant non-constant phase plays an important role in causing abrupt jumps in the demodulated OPD.
WLI-based signal processing of the low-finesse FP sensor is studied in Chapter 4. The lower bounds of the OPD estimation are calculated, the bounds are applied to evaluate OPD demodulation algorithms. Two types of algorithms (TYPE I & II) are studied and compared. The TYPE I estimations suffice if the requirement for resolution is relatively low. TYPE II estimation has dramatically reduced error, however, at the expense of potential demodulation jumps. If the additional phase is reliably dependent on OPD, it can be calibrated to minimize the occurrence of such jumps.
In Chapter 5, the work is summarized and suggestions for future studies are given.Ph. D.
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Neves, Teresa Cabral Chora Claudino das. "Caracterização e avaliação da capacidade produtora de biofilmes em estafilococos coagulase negativos isolados de superfícies do ambiente fabril." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4585.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança AlimentarOs objectivos deste estudo prendem-se com a identificação e caracterização tecnológica de isolados de estafilococos coagulase negativos provenientes de diferentes salsicharias tradicionais situadas no Alentejo e superfícies do ambiente fabril, avaliando-se a sua capacidade em formar biofilmes e persistência pós-limpeza e desinfecção. Isolaram-se amostras (N=78) de 4 superfícies diferentes (misturadora, picadora, parede da sala de enchimento, enchedora) provenientes de 3 Fábricas do Alentejo, após o qual se fez identificação de espécies de Staphylococcus. Caracterizou-se a sua aptidão tecnológica pelas provas da actividade lipolítica, proteolítica e nitrato-redutase. Para a avaliação fenotípica da capacidade de formar biofilmes utilizou-se o método Congo Red Agar - CRA, caracterizando-se os isolados de acordo com a cor das colónias às 24h e 48h de incubação, e na caracterização genotípica identificaram-se dois genes implicados na formação de biofilme: ica e Bap. Encontraram-se 35 isolados coincidentes com o género Staphylococcus, sendo dominantes 3 espécies diferentes: S. xylosus (N=19), S. saprophyticus (N=11) e S. equorum (N=5). A espécie S. equorum foi apenas isolada na Fábrica A, tendo aparecido na picadora (N=4) e na parede da sala da enchedora (N=1). A enchedora apresentava apenas isolados de S. saprophyticus (S4; N=9), enquanto a misturadora apresentava apenas S. xylosus (S1; N=7). Tanto a picadora como a parede da sala de enchimento apresentavam isolados das 3 espécies. Apenas 20 dos 35 Staphylococcus apresentaram actividade lipolítica, 19 destes identificados como S. xylosus. A actividade proteolítica foi evidenciada por apenas 7 isolados (S. equorum e S. xylosus) e todos pertencentes à Fábrica A. Das 3 espécies identificadas como CNS, 26 isolados apresentaram actividade nitrato-redutase, havendo isolados das 3 espécies consideradas. Maioritariamente os isolados em estudo (N=33) foram formadores de visco/biofilme pelo método fenotípico. Todas as amostras onde se detectou o gene ica eram pertencentes à espécie S. xylosus (N=5) e expressavam forte capacidade (++) formadora de biofilmes (N=5:ica:+;CRA:++). Dos isolados identificados com o gene Bap (N=6), havia estirpes das espécies S. xylosus (N=4) e S. saprophyticus (N=2), havendo 1 destes que apresentou uma fraca capacidade formadora de biofilme (+) (N=5:Bap+;CRA++ e N=1:Bap+;CRA+). Duas estirpes de S. xylosus (S3B5 e S3B7) foram positivas para o ica e para o Bap simultaneamente (N=2:ica+;Bap+). Considerou-se a estirpe S. xylosus S2M6 com potencial utilização como starter uma vez que apresentava características de interesse tecnológico e era fraca formadora de biofilme, não apresentando nenhum dos genes ica e Bap.
ABSTRACT - Characterization and forming biofilms ability from Coagulase Negative Staphylococci isolates in meat processing surfaces - The aims of this work were the identification and technological characterization of Staphylococci isolates obtained from 4 different environment surfaces in 3 meat processing workshops from Alentejo region and to determine their ability to form biofilms. There were 78 samples isolated from 4 environment surfaces (mixing machine, mincing machine, wall from the stuffing room and stuffing machine) in 3 different meat processing workshops and they were identified in order to determine isolates from the genus Staphylococcus. It has also been characterized their tecnological ability for lipolitic, proteolitic and reducing-nitrate activities. For the phenotypic evaluation to form biofilms we used the Congo Red Agar method and by PCR were searched the ica and Bap genes. 35 isolates were identified by PCR as Staphylococcus: 19 S. xylosus, 11 S. saprophyticus and 5 S. equorum. S. equorum (N=5) was only found in workshop A at the surface of mincing machine (N=4) and on the wall of stuffing room (N=1). The stuffing machine had only isolates from S. saprophyticus (S4; N=9), and the mixing machine presented only S. xylosus (S1; N=7). The mincing machines as well the wall of stuffing room had isolates from the 3 species. 20 of the 35 CNS presented lipolitic activity and 19 of these were S. xylosus. Only 7 isolates (S. xylosus and S. equorum) had proteolitic activity and they were all from workshop A. The reducing-nitrate activity was presented by 23 CNS from the 3 identified species. 33 Staphylococcus were strong biofilm formers but only 5 were positive for ica gene and 6 for Bap gene. Every ica positive were S. xylosus and all were strong biofilm formers (N=5:ica:+;CRA:++). The Bap positive isolates were from S. xylosus (N=4) and S. saprophyticus (N=2) species. From the Bap positive isolates it was found one weak positive (N=5:Bap+;CRA++ and N=1:Bap+;CRA+). Two strains of S. xylosus (S3B5 and S3B7) were positive for ica and for Bap genes simultaneously. We considered S. xylosus S2M6 as a potential strain starter because it presented technological abilities and was a weak biofilm former and didn’t present ica nor Bap genes.
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Musa, Shah M. "Real-Time Signal Processing and Hardware Development for a Wavelength Modulated Optical Fiber Sensor System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30679.
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The use of optical fiber sensors is increasing widely in civil, industrial, and military applications mainly due to their, (a) miniature size, (b) high sensitivity, (c) immunity from electro-magnetic interference, (d) resistance to harsh environments, (e) remote signal processing ability, and, (f) multiplexing capabilities. Because of these advantages a variety of optical fiber sensing techniques have evolved over the years having potentials for myriad of applications. One very challenging job, for any of these optical fiber sensing techniques, is to implement a stand alone system with the design and development of all the signal processing models along with the necessary hardware, firmware, and software satisfying the real-time signal processing requirements. In this work we first develop the equations for the system model of the wavelength modulated extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) optical fiber sensor, and then design and build all the hardware and software necessary to implement a stand-aPh. D.
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Gigioli, George William Jr. "Optimization and tolerancing of nonlinear Fabry Perot etalons for optical computing systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184537.
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Since the discovery of optical bistability a considerable amount of research activity has been aimed toward the realization of general-purpose all-optical computers. The basic premise for most of this work is the widely held notion that a reliable optical switch can be fabricated from a piece of optically bistable material. To date only a very small number of published articles have addressed the subject of the engineering issues (that is, the optimization and tolerancing) of these optical switches. This dissertation is a systematic treatment of these issues. From the starting point of Maxwell's equations a simple model of optically bistable Fabry-Perot etalons is outlined, in which the material is assumed to be a pure Kerr medium having linear absorption. This model allows for a relatively straightforward optical switch optimization procedure. The procedure is applicable for optimizing any number of switch parameters. The emphasis in this dissertation is on the optimization of the contrast of the switch's output signals, with the other parameters (switching energy, tolerance sensitivity) assuming a secondary yet critical role. Following the optimization of the optical switch is a tolerance analysis which addresses the manufacturability and noise immunity of the optimized switch. In the first part of this analysis equations describing the propagation of errors through a large scale system of like devices are derived from the truth tables of the switches themselves. From these equations worst case tolerances are established on the optical switch's transfer function parameters. In the second part of the tolerance analysis the bistability model is used to arrive at tolerances on the physical parameters of the switch. These tolerances are what determine the manufacturability of the optical switches. The major conclusion of the dissertation is that, within the range of validity of the model and the other simplifying assumptions, optically bistable Fabry-Perot etalons cannot be used reliably as logic gates in large-scale computing systems.
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Orwin, Claire Nicola. "An evaluation of the performance of an optical measurement system for the three-dimensional capture of the shape and dimensions of the human body." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4908.
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As the clothing industry moves away from traditional models of mass production there has been increased interest towards customised clothing. The technology to produce cost effective customised clothing is already in place however the prerequisite to customised clothing is accurate body dimensional data. In response, image capture systems have been developed which are capable of recording a three-dimensional image of the body, from which measurements and shape information may be extracted. The use of these systems for customised clothing has, to date, been limited due to issues of inaccuracy, cost and portability. To address the issue of inaccuracy a diagnostic procedure has been developed through the performance evaluation of an image capture system. By systematically evaluating physical and instrumental parameters the more relevant sources of potential error were identified and quantified and subsequently corrected to form a `closed loop' experimental procedure. A systematic test procedure is therefore presented which may be universally applied to image capture systems working on the same principle. The methodology was based upon the isolation and subsequent testing of variables that were thought to be potential sources of error. The process therefore included altering the physical parameters of the target object in relation to the image capture system and amending the configuration and calibration settings within the system. From the evaluation the most relevant sources of error were identified as the cosine effect, measurement point displacement, the dimensional differences between views and the influence of the operator in measurement. The test procedure proved to be effective in both evaluating the performance of the system under investigation and in enabling the quantification of errors. Both random and systematic errors were noted which may be quantified or corrected to enable improved accuracy in the measured results. Recommendations have been made for the improvement of the performance of the current image capture system these include the integration of a cosine effect correction algorithm and suggestions for the automation of the image alignment process. The limitations of the system such as its reliance on manual intervention for both the measurement and stitching processes, are discussed, as is its suitability for providing dimensional information for bespoke clothing production. Recommendations are also made for the creation of an automated test procedure for testing the performance of alternative image capture systems, which involves evaluating the accuracy of object replication both for multiple and single image capture units using calibration objects which combine a range of surfaces.
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Junique, Stéphane. "Surface-normal multiple quantum well electroabsorption modulators : for optical signal processing and asymmetric free-space communication." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mikroelektronik och tillämpad fysik, MAP, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4532.
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Electroabsorption is the physical phenomenon by which the absorption of light in a medium can be controlled by applying an electric field. The Quantum–Confined Stark Effect, which makes the absorption band–edge in quantum wells very field–dependent, together with the strong absorption peak provided by excitons, are the physical foundations for the success of electroabsorption modulators based on quantum well structures in telecommunication networks. This thesis describes the design and fabrication of surface–normal electroabsorption modulation devices. The techniques needed to understand the design and fabrication of surface–normal multiple quantum well optical modulators are introduced, as are the various characterisation techniques used during and after the fabrication. Devices for several types of applications have been designed, fabricated, characterised and in some cases integrated into optical systems: – Two–dimensional arrays of 128´128 pixel amplitude modulators grown on GaAs substrates have been fabricated and characterised. Speeds of up to 11700 frames per second were demonstrated, limited by the output electronics of the computer interface. – Large–area modulators grown on GaAs substrates for free–space optical communication were developed, with an active area of 2cm2 and a modulation speed of several megahertz. Contrast ratios up to 5:1 on full modulator areas were measured. Problems limiting the yield and modulation speed of such devices have been studied, and solutions to overcome them have been demonstrated. – Large–area devices grown on InP substrates for free–space optical communication have been developed. Contrast ratios of up to 2:1 for transmissive types have been demonstrated. – Devices consisting of two rows of pixels, grown on GaAs substrates, with an active area of 22mm´5mm, divided into 64 or 128 pixels per row have been developed. These amplitude modulation devices were designed for optical signal processing applications. – One variant of these optical signal processing devices was also characterised as a ternary, binary amplitude and binary phase modulator array. – The use of GaAs multiple quantum well optical modulators in a free–space optical retro–communication system has been studied. An opto–mechanical design for a modulating retro–reflector is described, allowing a large field of view in one direction using reflecting, resonant–cavity modulators for high contrast ratios.QC 20100802
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Babini, Nicola. "Razionalizzazione dei processi tecnici nei modelli di business "Engineering To Order": il caso Fabio Perini S.p.A." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Il presente elaborato è il frutto della mia esperienza lavorativa presso la sede bolognese dell’azienda Fabio Perini S.p.A. ed ha come obiettivo principale quello di razionalizzare i processi interni di ufficio tecnico e di andare a risolvere le criticità legate alla gestione delle richieste di customizzazione del macchinario.
Da qualche anno il management si è trovato ad aver a che fare con una struttura un po' ingessata a livello di ufficio tecnico. Il cervello pensante dell’azienda funziona, purtroppo e per fortuna, a livello totalmente trasversale tra le funzioni. Si può ben capire che la mole di lavoro che l’UT è destinato a fronteggiare giorno dopo giorno può, soprattutto in momenti particolari dell’anno come agosto e fine anno, rappresentare un collo di bottiglia per l’intera azienda. L’obiettivo finale di questo primo progetto è dunque quello di rendere più efficienti i processi interni dell’ufficio tecnico, relativamente al problema delle richieste cliente, liberando così le ore che sarebbero state altrimenti a non valore aggiunto, riallocandole poi successivamente su attività a valore aggiunto.
Si è POI deciso di non limitare l’attività di cambiamento alle sole richieste RK, ma, parallelamente, anche alla parte standard del macchinario. I costi standard del macchinario, se errati, portano senza alcun dubbio ad una perdita fissa di CM1 già in partenza. L’obiettivo finale di questo secondo progetto è sempre stato quello di rendere più efficienti i processi interni e di liberare così ore a non valore aggiunto.
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Akiwowo, Kerri. "Digital laser-dyeing : coloration and patterning techniques for polyester textiles." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19180.
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This research explored a Digital Laser Dye (DLD) patterning process as an alternative coloration method within a textile design practice context. An interdisciplinary framework employed to carry out the study involved Optical Engineering, Dyeing Chemistry, Textile Design and Industry Interaction through collaboration with the Society of Dyers and Colourists. In doing so, combined creative, scientific and technical methods facilitated design innovation. Standardized polyester (PET) knitted jersey and plain, woven fabrics were modified with CO2 laser technology in order to engineer dye onto the fabric with high-resolution graphics. The work considered the aesthetic possibilities, production opportunities and environmental potential of the process compared to traditional and existing surface design techniques. Laser-dyed patterns were generated by a digital dyeing technique involving CAD, laser technology and dye practices to enable textile coloration and patterning. An understanding of energy density was used to define the tone of a dye in terms of colour depth in relation to the textile. In doing so, a system for calibrating levels of colour against laser energy in order to build a tonal image was found. Central to the investigation was the consideration of the laser beam spot as a dots-per-inch tool, drawing on the principles used in digital printing processes. It was therefore possible to utilise the beam as an image making instrument for modifying textile fibres with controlled laser energy. Qualitative approaches employed enabled data gathering to incorporate verbal and written dialogue based on first-hand interactions. Documented notes encompassed individual thought and expression which facilitated the ability to reflect when engaged in practical activity. As such, tacit knowledge and designerly intuition, which is implicit by nature, informed extended design experiments and the thematic documentation of samples towards a textile design collection. Quantitative measurement and analysis of the outcomes alongside creative exploration aided both a tacit understanding of, and ability to control processing parameters. This enabled repeatability of results parallel to design development and has established the potential to commercially apply the technique. Sportswear and intimate apparel prototypes produced in the study suggest suitable markets for processing polyester garments in this way.
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Argnani, Francesca. "Indagini diagnostiche sul patrimonio esistente. Caso studio: palazzina uffici dell'ex fabbrica Orsi-Mangelli a Forlì." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17404/.
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La tesi ha preso in esame un edificio del 1926, unico rimasto di un grande complesso industriale situato subito fuori al centro storico di Forlì, la cui attività è cessata all’inizio degli anni ’90. Tale edificio aveva già avuto una ridestinazione a uffici e ora viene adibito quale nuova sede della Polizia Municipale locale. Si inserisce all'interno di un piano di riqualificazione urbana di un intero quartiere forlivese con la restituzione di un ampissimo territorio alla funzione residenziale e lavorativa che è in atto dagli inizi degli anni 2000 e per la quale si è dovuto provvedere anche ad importanti interventi di bonifica ambientale (suolo e amianto). L’intervento di recupero dal punto di vista architettonico, pur se ancora non completato in toto, è perfettamente riuscito per quanto riguarda il riutilizzo dell’area; più difficile invece il raggiungimento della completa integrazione: qualche caso di degrado sociale si è presentato, certamente accentuato dalla vicinanza alla stazione ferroviaria. La destinazione dell’edificio quale sede della Polizia Municipale ha anche lo scopo di creare un “presidio” e scoraggiare l’insorgere di questi problemi.
Stante la “storicità” dell’edificio e la presenza di prove distruttive e semi-distruttive già eseguite da una ditta specializzata, e cercando di seguire le indicazioni relative al percorso di conoscenza del manufatto descritto nelle “Linee Guida per la valutazione e la riduzione del rischio sismico del patrimonio culturale”, nello svolgimento della tesi sono state eseguite indagini diagnostiche non distruttive al fine di valutarne l’affidabilità, mettendole a confronto con le precedenti, ottenendo risultati più che lusinghieri in quanto perfettamente allineati, rilevandone quindi anche l’assoluta complementarietà. La combinazione pertanto di prove non distruttive con quelle distruttive e semi-distruttive permette una completa conoscenza dell’edificio con costi certamente ridotti e salvaguardando lo stesso.
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Faccani, Filippo. "Rilevamento con tecniche geomatiche integrate di un bene storico in una prospettiva BIM: il caso della Fabbrica Vecchia a Marina di Ravenna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textAbstract:
Il complesso monumentale storico denominato Fabbrica Vecchia a Marina di Ravenna è un soggetto ideale per testare l’applicazione concreta delle metodologie e degli strumenti informatici attualmente riconducibili ai sistemi complessivamente ascritti al termine BIM.
Al fine di creare la base dei dati necessaria, sono state verificate le modalità operative e le potenzialità di tecnologie geomatiche basate su campionamento statistico (quali Laser Scanner e approccio fotogrammetrico Structure From Motion) in raffronto a sistemi analogici a misure dirette selettive.
La tesi mira nel suo complesso a verificare la reale applicabilità di soluzioni HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) in un caso di studio concreto particolarmente articolato, non solo dal punto di vista geometrico, e valutare la produttività di tali tecniche e tecnologie rispetto all’approccio tradizionale.
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Boutayeb, Halim. "ÉTUDE DES STRUCTURES PÉRIODIQUES PLANAIRES ET CONFORMES ASSOCIÉES AUX ANTENNES. APPLICATION AUX COMMUNICATIONS MOBILES." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133820.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail se divise en deux parties : la première concerne l'étude des structures périodiques planaires associées aux antennes et la seconde, les structures périodiques conformes. Même si la première partie est un sujet étudié depuis plusieurs années, cette thèse apporte une analyse nouvelle (source placée à l'intérieur de la structure, méthode basée sur la théorie des réseaux...) et de nouveaux résultats (lieux de résonance et extrema, obtention de structures avec la dualité des bandes interdites et propagées, adaptation d'une antenne insérée dans une structure périodique planaire, ouverture angulaire en fonction de la fréquence...). Les structures périodiques conformes sont par contre nouvelles. Il est fait une étude systématique de ces structures. L'application principale de la thèse est un projet RNRT dont l'objectif est de réaliser des antennes pour station de base GSM-UMTS. Une antenne utilisant une structure périodique conforme et répondant au cahier des charges, a été conçue.
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Liao, I.-Che, and 廖一哲. "Recognition of Woven Fabric Weave by Image Processing." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93667865697649494989.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
高分子系
98
Drawing the weave chart need workers to use analyzer (count glass) to mark numbers. But this way is not only harmful to the eyes but also wastes time. It will damage the weave if we tear down the woven instead of the analyzer (count glass). The thesis uses a computer vision system and digital image processing to perform non-destructive analysis for woven fabrics. So in this situation, we don’t need to tear down the woven fabrics. We propose a new automatic recognition algorithm for woven fabric weave to increase reliability and fault-tolerance of this system. First, we adopt the lights forward and backward to take the woven fabrics images. Second, we use the median filter to reduce noise and the histogram equalization method to increase contrast. Then, we use the statistical threshold values to segment the warp region and the morphology to erode noise. The horizontal and vertical projection are used to discriminate warps and wefts. Finally, we draw weave charts to improve the computation time of gray co-occurrence matrix. We choose the correlation of gray co-occurrence matrix as features values. We have twenty training samples and eighty testing samples for experiment. A database with the Fuzzy c-means(FCM), is train by the training samples. The results show that the recognition rate is 100%. Obviously, this recognition system can be successfully applied to the weave analysis.
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Lia, Horng Dean, and 賴宏典. "Sol-Gel Processing of 2-D Fabric Ceramic Matrix Composites." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84956439982702300847.
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Fang, Chien-Chou, and 方建洲. "Computer Aided Design of the Processing Conditions for Fabric Surface Softness." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79935475690967421910.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
纖維及高分子工程研究所
88
The purpose of this thesis is to develop pc-based application system for basic principles that combine the Taguchi method, which is applied for saving experiment time, and the neural network, which owns artificial intelligence. The Visual C++ development for windows makes the research for cloth ductility and cloth appearance successfully. The parameters of sueding machine bestow the Taguchi method to analyze orthogonal array. Then, the design of real orthogonal array banished bad effects, which were caused by all of the parameters and find the best combination of the parameters. Also, the concept of neural network is used to examine the cloth appearance and the testing estimated by the Taguchi method.
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LIN, HONG-GI, and 林弘祺. "The study of application digital image processing on analysis waving fabric." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94227211380298525492.
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LI, CHIH-HSIN, and 李智信. "Recognition of Plain Fabric Defects by Image Processing and Hierarchical Classification System." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27913970772471644193.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
高分子系
98
In textile industry, the detection of the surface defects is important because it can improve quality of the textile products. However, plain fabric defects are still examined by human now. The common surface defects of plain fabric include oiled defect, west bar, misdrawing and bore. In this thesis, we will present an automatic plain fabric defect detection method and develop the surface defect inspection and classification system, which will assist hand-actuated examination. The surface defect inspection and classification system use statistical threshold value decision method to choose two optimal threshold values for separating defect areas. We use hierarchical classification in our system. In the first phase, we use the defect point number to determine defect samples or not. In the second phase, finding the gray level mean of oiled defect by the black region is the main work in order to judge the existence of defects. In the last phase, the entropy and gradient direction are used as defect features to identify the three kinds of fabric defects, which are west bar, misdrawing and bore. In the first phase, there are 25 studying samples and 78 testing samples. In the second phase, there are 20 studying samples and 53 testing samples. In the third phase, there are 15 studying samples and 38 testing samples. The experiment results show that the recognition rates are 100% in all the phases. For the results above, hierarchical classification system can be used to inspect the surface defects of plain fabrics effectively.
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王宇理 and 王宇裡. "The Optimization of Processing Parameters of Stamping for Carbon Fabric/Nylon6 Composites." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66430875724851980843.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
工業工程學系
89
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the major parameters (i.e. pre-heat temperature, mould temperature, mould pressure, pressure-hold time…etc.) that impact the physical properties such as short beam strength, angularity, thickness variation and roughness of the “stamping product”. The methodology of this research is to apply the flexible rubber as the up block and 7075T76 aluminum alloy as the low mould to stamp the carbon fabric/nylon 6 laminate with 120∘and 90∘mould angle respectively. Meanwhile, this research also applies Taguchi orthogonal array to experiment and analysis to establish the best “predict model of quality characteristics” of the stamping process. The combination of optimal factor level and estimate response equations which are larger-the better of short beam strength and nominal-the best of angularity variation are obtained from the results of these statistical analysis. Yet the surface roughness and thickness of specimens have no significant effect on moulding angles and processing parameters. Also moulding angles are decided by product specifications. The combination of optimal factor level and estimate response equations of short beam strength and angularity variation are obtained on two different mould respectively. Finally, the confirmation experiments of short beam strength are made. The test results are fall at the 95% prediction interval. It represents are relatively compatible. This research contains the specific characters listed below: 1. The flexible rubber up block contains better flexibility for deformation. If matched with different material moulds, it can facilitate the parts development and reduce the cost. 2. Physical properties such as short beam strength, angularity, thickness variation and surface roughness are concluded to provide more information to thermal plastic composite material stamping process database. 3. Apply L16 orthogonal array of Taguchi’ split plot method to experiment and analysis to establish the best “estimate modus” of the stamping process and that can be the application reference for future composite industry’s research and development.
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Eichelbaum, Sebastian, Mario Hlawitschka, Bernd Hamann, and Gerik Scheuermann. "Fabric-like Visualization of Tensor Field Data on Arbitrary Surfaces in Image Space." 2012. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32502.
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Tensors are of great interest to many applications in engineering and in medical imaging, but a proper analysis and visualization remains challenging. It already has been shown that, by employing the metaphor of a fabric structure, tensor data can be visualized precisely on surfaces where the two eigendirections in the plane are illustrated as thread-like structures. This leads to a continuous visualization of most
salient features of the tensor data set. We introduce a novel approach to compute such a visualization from tensor field data that is motivated by image-space line integral convolution (LIC). Although our
approach can be applied to arbitrary, non-selfintersecting surfaces, the main focus lies on special surfaces following important features, such as surfaces aligned to the neural pathways in the human brain. By adding a postprocessing step, we are able to enhance the visual quality of the of the results, which improves perception of the major patterns.
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YUAN, LING, and 袁泠. "The application of micro-computer image processing in analyzing the woven fabric structures." Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12829050668372174085.
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Tsai, Ming-Chin, and 蔡明錦. "Tracing of the Fabric Drape Contour with Direct Capturing Image Using Image Processing." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05080029135602938494.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
紡織工程所
94
In this study an image processing method is developed to search for the drape contours of fabric with any color and pattern using direct capturing image of the fabrics. In image capturing a back light illumination is used to increase the contrast between the fabric and the background so that the edge of the fabric can be traced easily. In image processing the gradient operator, Laplacien operator, and Sobel operator are incoparated with both Ostu and Kittler & Illingworth threshold methods to determine the edge points in the image. In order to avoid those edge points due to fabric patterns the shape contour points are traced inward from four boundaries of the image. Finally, those points are further connected to form the whole drape contour using program. The experimental results show that the back light illumination not only increase contrast of the images than those without back light illumination, it also makes the background illumination more uniform and the image more clear. Such advantages make it much easier to trace the drape contour of the fabrics. It is also found that gradient operator yields better tracing contours than the other two operators, the Kittler & Illingworth threshold method uses less computation time than the Otsu method. Moreover, it is verified that the drape configuration of various kinds of fabrics with any color and pattern can be traced automatically, quickly, and accurately.
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Chang, Chiang-Cheng, and 張江城. "The Processing and Damage Analysis of Three-Dimensional Carbon Fiber/Nylon6 Fabric Composite." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13863803301964313510.
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Chen, Yi-Feng, and 陳義峰. "Recognition of Melt-Blown Non-Woven Fabric Defects by Hierarchical Classification andImage Processing." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14317441810102987419.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
自動化及控制研究所
97
All of the products from purchasing materials and the manufacture to assembly the finished product in the productive process, must be inspected to the quality. The thesis will devote to developing the surface defect inspection and classification system of the melt-blown non-woven fabric, and the system will assist artificial examination. We used the image processing technology and the minimum distance with the hierarchical concept to identify defects and reduce inspection time. The standard deviation of gray level is used to determine defect samples in the first stage. In the second stage, the log transformation is used to adjust contrast, the median filter is used to reduce the noise of images, and then I use the statistical threshold value decision method to choose two optimal threshold values for separating defect areas and fine the hole defects by the white region gray level mean. In the third stage, the labeling is used to retain the biggest black area and we use the closing operator to smooth the contour of defects. The compactness and second moment(SM) value are used as defect features to identify the three kinds of non-woven fabric defects, polymer shot, roping and fold. From the experimental results, we have 50 studying samples and 47 testing samples in the first stage, the recognition rate is 100%. For 40 studying samples and 39 testing samples in the second stage, the recognition rate is 100%. When we have 30 studying samples and 24 testing samples in the third stage, the recognition rate is 100%. So we can take advantage of the hierarchical classification system to effectively inspect the surface defects of melt-blown non-woven fabrics.
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LIN, TUNG-FU, and 林東賦. "Recognition and Classification of Non-woven Fabric Defects by Image Processing and Neural Network." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62424778089771935120.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
纖維及高分子工程系
89
The inspection of textile products is a highly repeatable and a tiring job for human inspectors. Although human inspectors can improve product quality, this task is usually time-consuming and inefficient. In addition, this task always heavily relies on personal experience, judgment and attention. Therefore, development of a computer-based visual inspection system is prerequisite. In this study, an objective, reliable and novel method for flaw detection in non-woven fabrics is proposed. The approach is based on the wavelet transform as an image preprocessing, which divides the image into four sub-images, and extracts three features, energy, contrast and correlation, from the sub-images by calculating the spatial gray level co-occurrence matrix. Moreover, the energy of the low frequency sub-image will be computed at the same time. A three-layer neural network, which is trained by the back-propagation algorithm, is a classifier with these four features as inputs. The experiment results indicate that the accuracy and speed of the classifier is satisfactory and the classifier will be considered as an on-line inspection system in the future.
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Lin, Chuen Sheng, and 林俊生. "Computer Aided Design for Wrinkle-Free Processing of Yarn-Dyeing Cotton-Linen Blended Woven Fabric." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42237724347052657940.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
纖維及高分子工程系
90
The capability of yarn dyeing fabric has a great improvement recently. Applying wrinkle-free processing feature to traditional cotton or linen blended woven fabric can be the direction for future research, especially under the situation that the textile industry is looking for good marketing. In this thesis, fishbone diagram and factor-analysis are applied to analyze the important influent elements for wrinkle-free processing . The Taguchi method is used to find relative processing factors, such as pick-up, curing, temperature, resin agent and reaction speed. Based on the quality requirement of wrinkle-free of yarn-dyeing cotton- linen blended woven fabric, the back-propagation neural network is applied to find the optimal processing parameters for manufacturing. The try- and- error method used by the textile industry in the past to test this processing method has not only wasted the costs but also made it impossible to get the best conditions for manufacturing, and it caused the problem of repeatability. Instead, the mode adopted in this research will provide one of the best methods for producing this kind of fabric.
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Fu, Chien-Chang, and 傅建璋. "Apply image processing methods in fabrics objective grading." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jsynqt.
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碩士國立勤益科技大學
工業工程與管理系
105
Taiwan is a small island state, which is densely populated. Because of lacking natural resources, Taiwan depends on imports for most energy and raw materials. Taiwan plays an important role in foundry, which is the country's economy. Textile industry is one of the traditional industries in Taiwan, which mostly young people do not want to join, it results in the shortage of human resources. In addition, because of the economic growth in China, the labor cost has gradually increased. The Taiwan's textile manufacturers in China face the increasing of processing costs, which forces Taiwan's textile manufacturers to relocate to other Southeast Asian countries. The textile industry in Taiwan needs to find the ways out of the worst environment. This study focuses on the grading of fabrics. The traditional examining standard methods of fabrics grading are based on the number of wear-resistant, and then determining the grading by eye-estimation. The manual detection method may cause the deviation, so this study proposes the objective grading method to replace the traditional subjective classification method, which makes the objective grading in fabric detection on scientific basis. The classification method in this study has two parts: image processing and machine learning. In terms of image processing, filter image processing method utilizes Fast Fourier Transform with Gaussian filtering, Daubechies Wavelet method. The binary threshold and morphology, topology image processing methods are also applied in T/C terry fleece fabrics. The fabric images information extraction is utilized to further establish the fabric feature parameter database, and then use the machine learning method for classification to find the optimized classification of fabric grading methods.
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CHEN, WEN KAI, and 陳文凱. "Processing Technique and Characteristic Evaluations of Electrostatic-Spinning Conductive Fabrics." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91503605269930557051.
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碩士逢甲大學
纖維與複合材料學系
105
This study proposes electrically conductive and shielding fabrics using an electrostatic coating method. The physical properties of the fabrics are characterized in terms of antistatic property and magnetic conduction, thereby investigating the valuable applications of electrostatic spinning that uses a high–voltage electrostatic field. Taking advantages of an electrostatic coating process, the electrically conductive and magnetic shielding fabrics are rendered with a surface metallization, and thus can decrease the damage caused by electromagnetic and electron radiations. Moreover, electrostatic spraying helps to increase the coating areas and have a solvent content with adjustable concentrations in order to yield the optimal electrostatic spinning process. The coating layer provides the fabrics with electrical and magnetic conductivity, and their antistatic and shielding properties are examined in terms of the amount of coupling agent, the type of coupling agent, the method of coupling agent, the amount of conductive filler, the amount of curing agent and the curing time. In this study, a custom–made electrostatic coating device with a high–voltage electrostatic field is used. Water–based polyurethane and waterborne acrylic acid are used as the coating materials. The fabrics are composed of PET spunlace fabrics. Graphite and silver–coated copper powders are used as the fillers of conductive coating materials. The particles of the coating materials have negative charges, while the fabrics that are connected to earth have positive charges. The coating materials are drawn in a manner of mistalong an opposite direction to that of the electrostatic field and are finally adsorbed onto the fabrics. Afterwards, the scanning electron microscopy﹙SEM﹚, the energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy﹙EDS﹚, the laser particle size analyzer are used to examine the influences of coating materials, content of fillers, and thickness of the coating layer on the electrical conductivity and other properties of the conductive fabrics. Moreover, the Box–Behnken design is used to determine the optimal coating process, ensuring the quality of coating layer in order to have good electric conductivity, magnetic conduction, and antistatic properties. The test results suggest that the electrostatic spinning is efficient for a large coating area, and the coating layer provides the fabrics with special functions. Solution concentration and molecular weight are two important factors. When with a low concentration or a small molecular weight, the molecular chains are easily separated due to the electric field. Conversely, when the concentration is high or the molecular weight is great, the molecular chains are bonded and not easily separated because of the electric field. Using 0.2％–0.3％ of Silane coupling agent helps to reduce the oxidation rate of copper powders in the coating material. In particular, the optimal dispersion of copper powders occurs when using acrylic acid as the coating material as well as nonionic polymer dispersant. When it comes to the relationship between electric conductivity of coated fabrics and the shape﹙i.e. dendritic or flake–like﹚ and size﹙i.e. 10 and 40 μm﹚ of the copper powders, the flake–like powders or the small–sized powders contribute to a relatively higher electric conductivity. When it comes to the relationship between the electric conductivity／magnetic conduction and fillers of coating materials﹙i.e. copper powders and graphite﹚, the conductive fabrics have optimal electric conductivity and magnetic conduction when the content of copper powder is between 55％ and 60％ and the coating layers are dried at 120℃ for ten minutes. Similarly, the conductive fabrics have optimal electric conductivity, magnetic conduction, antistatic property, and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness when the content of graphite is between 30％ and 35％ and the coating layers are dried at 120℃ for thirty minutes. Moreover, with a specified amount of fillers of 40％ and a blending ratio of copper powder to graphite of 50：50, the conductive fabrics have small electric resistance and a maximum shielding effectiveness. However, any blending ratio that is lower than 50：50 may cause the granular fillers to fall apart from the coating layer. Due to the small size of granules, the fillers cannot be dispersed evenly, which prevents the resin from enwrapping fillers. The results determine that 50：50 is the optimal blending ratio. Box–Behnken design is used to compute the quadratic polynomial model of surface electric resistance and shielding effectiveness. Based on the variance analysis, this model has small errors and high credibility. The surface electric resistance of conductive fabrics is depended on three factors that are ranked from highest to lowest as the content of graphite, thermal treatment time, and finally the temperature of thermal treatment. The shielding effectiveness of conductive fabrics is depended on three factors that are ranked from highest to lowest as thermal treatment time, the temperature of thermal treatment, and finally the content of graphite. Regardless of whether it is a spunlace nonwoven fabric or a knitted fabric, the difference in adhesion of coating materials is not significant. Meanwhile, both fabrics have lower softness, air permeability and elongation at break but higher tensile strength. However, coated spunlace nonwoven fabrics have greater abrasion, electric conductivity, shielding effectiveness, and greater electrospinning area. Finally, when the fillers are copper powders and coating materials are water–based polyurethane or waterborne acrylic acid, the fillers–contained coating materials have the optimal electromagnetic shielding effectiveness based on the analyses of the influence of coating material, content of fillers, and thickness of the coating layer.
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Tsai, Cheng-Ping, and 蔡政坪. "Optimization of the processing parameters for the needle punching nonwoven fabrics." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jtmud8.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
高分子系
94
In this thesis polyester fiber and polypropylene fiber are adopted as the materials. The roller card, cross-lapper machine, and needle punching machine are used to manufacture the needle punching nonwoven fabrics. The characteristics are the tensile strength (longitudinal and transverse) and tear strength (longitudinal and transverse), and utilize the Taguchi experimental method in the thesis. These parameters include arrangement of needles in the needle board, the sort of fiber material, the amount of fiber feed, the swing speed of the cross-lapper machine, the conveyor speed of the cross-lapper machine, penetration depth, needling density, and the size of the needles. They are considered as the control factors, which can affect the results of the tensile strength and tear strength. The L18(21×37) orthogonal array together with the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach are employed to find the significant parameters and the optimum process conditions. In the experiment, the maximum tensile strength and tear strength of the nonwoven fabrics, the better. Therefore the larger-the-better target characteristic is chosen. Grey relationship analysis combined with Taguchi experimental design method is applied to get the optimal processing parameter of multiple quality characteristics, and the five confirmation experiments are performed. The tensile strength and tear strength of the nonwoven fabrics in optimum conditions are corresponded with 95% confidence interval. This reveals that experiments are reproducible. Finally, the control factors are taken as the inputs of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the tensile strength and tear strength are taken as the outputs of ANN for implementing the prediction system of needle punching nonwoven fabrics. The percentage errors of prediction are all within 5%. This indicates that the prediction system constructed has precision forecast capability.
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SHU, WEI HSU, and 徐偉書. "Antibacteria Activity Assessment of Antibacterial Finishes on Fabrics Using Image Processing Technique." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60667516131072481454.
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碩士逢甲大學
紡織工程研究所
85
ABSTRACT At the present, assessment of fabric antibacterial ability is normally done by visual inspection. This method has the weakness of making inevitable error in testing result. Since Staphylococcus aureus is one of the dangerous bacteria that can cause suppurative infection and food poisoning. In order to avoid infection from this bacteria during the test routine, it is necessary to develop another inspection technique instead of using direct observation. In this thesis, a new approach using image processing technique for the assessment of antibacterial fabrics is described. This approach has the advantage of automatic calculation and identification. It also has the advantage of easy-care, low cost and accuracy. The technique utilizes computer vision and image processing based on the Halo method and the bacteria reduction property. The system composes mainly a video camera , a microscope and a PC. Three subjects are discussed in this thesis. Part one describes the method to calculate the Zone of Inhibition that has been defined in AATCC Test Method. A video camera is needed to record the image of antibacterial fabrics. The recorded image is enhenced to fine the edge of gone area by Hough Transform method. Moreover, the image is filtered by a gray level threshold. Finally, Zone of Inhibition can be calculated with computer. The difference in the Zone area of Inhibition seen by human vision and by computer vision lies in 6.8% ~ 7.3%. Part two des ibes the method to calculate the number of colony formed using image processing technique. In this experiment, antibacterial fabrics and normal fabric that is not antibacterial were submerged into water with Staphylococus aureus. Six hours later fabrics were smeared in solid culture medium. Fourty-eight hours later, the image was recorded with video camera. The experimental result shows that the number of colony formed on antibacterial fabrics is 84, and on normal fabric is 219. acterial treatment is about 61.6%. The colony area on the bacterial fabric is also reduced by 44.2%. Part three describes the method of recording colony image on culture medium to observe the breeding condition of Staphylococcus aureus. In a diluted water with dyeing, the numbers of Staphylococcus aureus is obtained using different image processing techniques, including Laplace transform, Sobel transform, Visual threshold (T=138), and Average thresholds (T=134)recognition. By comparing the number of bacterial colony seen by human vision and computer vision, the difference lies in 4.15% ~ 15.18%. The system can be operated easily and is economical. Not only it can evaluate the antibacterial fabrics quantitatively, it can be used to measure the number and area of any form or color of objects.
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Yang, Zong-Zhe, and 楊宗哲. "Impact of Processing Parameters on the Electret Effect of Polypropylene Nonwoven Fabrics." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u5xx2p.
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Huang, Wei-Jun, and 黃威潤. "The Effect of Polycarboxylic Acid for Cotton Fabrics Finishing by Sol-Gel Processing." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65111684435396476315.
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碩士崑山科技大學
綠色材料研究所
98
3-Glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxy silane (GOTMS) with alkyl side groups was reacted with titanium (IV) n-butoxide (TTB) by means of sol-gel method. The catalyst was applied in this reaction to accelerate the hydrolysis and the polycondensation processes and to obtain the colloidal dispersions. The parameters in these dispersions are the concentrations of GOTMS and TTB applied throughout the reactions. Cotton fabrics were firstly subjected to curing treatment using the colloidal dispersions, and then to post-finishing treatment using polycarboxylic acid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersion spectrum (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were applied in this study to estimate the effects of the colloidal dispersions on the physical properties of the treated cotton fabrics. The SEM observations show that the adhesive bonding between the cotton fabrics and the sol-gel reagent is substantially effective. The thermo-decomposition temperatures for the sol-gel treated cotton fabrics are all lower than those of the untreated counterparts. Moreover, the sol-gel process would impart the effects of anti-bacteria, non-UV resistance, and washing resistance to the cotton fabrics. It is revealed that the cotton fabrics would become stiff after the sol-gel process due to the crosslinkage between the cotton substrate and the GOTMS. The softness of the cotton fabrics will decrease with increasing concentrations of GOTMS. Furthermore, the wrinkle resistance of the cotton fabrics after the sol-gel process will be superior to that of the untreated counterpart, and increase with increasing concentrations of the colloidal dispersions.
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Wu, Chao-An, and 吳朝安. "Processing Technique and Physical Properties of Weft-Knitted Fabrics Simulated for Human Skin." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x375rt.
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碩士逢甲大學
紡織工程所
91
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of different yarn’s specific and tuck stitch on weft-knitted fabrics. We changed the yarn’s specific and various structures with combining of weft-knitting technology and mechanical analysis to get manufacturing factors of weft-knitted fabrics, to approach to the physical properties of human skin. The results show that the major factors to control the permeability of weft-knitted fabric are numbers of filament or fibre in the yarn, tuck-point density and distribution of tuck. Though there is not a standard result for human skin permeability, the permeability of weft-knitted fabric can still change by weft-knitted factors. The rising of the extension ratio on elastic fiber is not an effective factor to weft-knitted fabric. As weft knitting with the high extension, the elastic recovery ratio of fabric will be decreased. Because of elastic fiber will partly shrink before knitting into the fabric owing to its elastic recovery force. In this study, the elastic recovery ratio of weft-knitted fabric can achieved 90~95 percent when extension ratio of elastic fiber is 3.5 times. Under the same condition, the elastic recovery ratio of weft-knitted fabric will over 95 percent when knitting fabrics in the structure 2 and 4. Almost weft-knitted fabrics can suffer human skin’s high extension under low stress. There are an extra stress onto the skin and the Young’s modulus of the fabric more than human skin. The specific conclusion in this study is that the Young’s modulus of fabric can close to the Young’s modulus of human skin, the elastic recovery ratio can also maintain to 90~95 % and had over 20 % rising of weft-knitted fabric permeability by knitting with tuck stitch side by side and along the course direction.
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Chen, Chin-Lai, and 陳進來. "Preparation and Application of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials for the Processing of Functional Fabrics." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53522724602576283800.
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博士國立臺灣科技大學
高分子系
95
There are three parts in this thesis. The first part is to prepare a fluorocarbon polymer and its hybrid materials. It is found that fluorocarbon copolymers can produce hydrogen bonds with SiO2 to form hybrid materials. Thermogravimetric (TGA) is used to test the thermostabilities of the four products, which are ranked as follows: fluorocarbon copolymer/SiO2 hybrid material > fluorocarbon polymer/SiO2 hybrid material > fluorocarbon copolymer > fluorocarbon polymer. In addition, it is found that, due to the inorganic SiO2 used, the number of pores and the specific surface areas of the hybrid materials both increased. In the second part, different procedures are used to study water and oil repellent effect on cotton fabrics with fluorocarbon copolymer or its hybrid materials. The experimental results indicate that fabric treated with fluorocarbon copolymer have larger contact angle for water and oil repellent finish, and the fabric treated with simultaneous bathing of fluorocarbon copolymer/ SiO2 are the strongest but have poorer softness. Furthermore, when processing with chemical compounds, the processing methods and steps have little effect on the fabric’s angle of contact and bleaching, but have more significant influence on strength. Regarding washing fastness, after ten-time water washing, the angle of contact of treated fabrics decreased by about 3% only. Overall, the fabric pre-treated with TEOS, followed by fluorocarbon polymer, has the best balance of physical properties. In the third part, the study explores the strength and thermal properties of various hybrid materials that are made of Tetraethoxysilane/Vinyltriethoxysilane (TEOS/VTES) and Chitosan in different weight ratios. It is confirmed, from Micro Fourier transform infrared (Micro FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, that hydrogen bonds emerging between Chitosan and SiO2 in hybrid materials. With the addition of more VTES and TEOS, the surface of the hybrid material features thick granules. In addition, the mechanical performance and thermostability of both types of hybrid are better than pure Chitosan. The former is enhanced with an increasing amount of TEOS until it exceeds 2.4 g and the latter is also improved with an increasing amount of TEOS.
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Datla, Vasantha Madhuri. "The influence of fiber properties and processing conditions on the characteristics of needled fabrics." 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06062002-120134/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Lee, Zong-Xuan, and 李宗軒. "The Influence Of Dyeing Processing And Concentration Of Auxiliary Agent On Polyester Knitted Fabrics." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b7n85g.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
紡織產業碩士專班
106
The hydrophobic nature of the polyester fiber makes it easy to carry static electricity and therefore it is prone to sticking with dirt and dust, which may cause discomfort when worn. Therefore, hydrophilic auxiliaries are often added to the processing of polyester fabrics. In this study, a polyester knitted fabric was used for dyeing in the high-temperature dyeing stage and the dye reduction washing stage, respectively, and added in five different concentrations1%’,2%,3%,4% and 5%. After the addition of the hydrophilic aid, water absorbency, drying time test, and wicking test were performed to determine the effect after the addition of the hydrophilic aid. From the experimental results, it was observed that when the amount of the moisture-absorbing perspiration agent added to the sample is 2% to 4%, the effect of water absorbency and drying time is better. When the concentration exceeds 4% the effect will decreased, and the effect of water absorbency and drying time is reduced. There is not much difference between the two
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Wu, Tsong-Wei, and 吳宗蔚. "Influence of processing conditions on electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of electroless Cu-plated PAN fabrics." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32573091537609519998.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
高分子工程系
91
Abstract High performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding textiles had been obtained by electroless Cu-plating process on the fiber surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) woven fabrics. By varying swelling agents, concentrations, pH values, operating temperatures and deposition times (DT) of the electroless Cu-solutions, the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of PAN fabrics were investigated systematically. In this study, the deposition amount of Cu metal, volume resistance and laceration strength had also been considered. The results showed, by using suitable compositions and processing conditions of Cu bath, i.e. pH 3.5, T=75℃ and DT=60min, the shielding effectiveness of Cu-plated PAN fabrics could reach well above 35dB within the frequency regions from 30MHz to 1800MHz. Moreover, in order to understand the interesting phenomena of Cu-plated layer, wide-angle X-ray diffraction spectrometer (WAXS), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses had been performed to make sure the compositions of the Cu-plated layer and the skin morphology of the Cu-plated PAN fibers.
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Lan, Wei-Lun, and 藍偉倫. "Research on the application of multi-quality processing parameters optimization to the development of functional warm fabrics." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pks2wr.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣科技大學
材料科學與工程系
107
This series study develops a multi-functional poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric with far-infrared function and moisture absorption heating properties for warming clothing application. The study is divided into two parts: In Part I, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used as the polymer matrix, and nano germanium powder is uniformly mixed with PET by the melt blending process for modification, in order that the PET composite has far-infrared function. Afterwards, the modified PET is made into 75d/72f fully drawn yarn (FDY) by melt spinning and melt drafting. The properties of the yarn, including tensile strength, elongation at break, yarn count (in denier), far-infrared emissivity, and far-infrared heating are discussed. In order to optimize the quality of yarn in the melt spinning process, this study designs process parameters consisting of germanium powder addition, melt temperature, mold temperature, nozzle temperature, gear pump speed, and take-up speed using the Taguchi method. Then, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to obtain the weights of each quality, which will be used in the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) to obtain the optimal processing parameters for multi-quality yarn. The results show that the tensile strength of the optimized modification PET yarn is 4.84 g/d, the elongation at break is 41.26%, yarn count is 74.39d/ 72f, the far-infrared emissivity is 89% and the far-infrared heating is 6.3°C. The properties of the optimized modified yarn are obviously better than general PET yarn. In part II, the moisture absorption heating PET yarn is made by the hydrophilic PET, and the process parameters optimization for melt spinning is presented. First, in order to improve the hydrophilicity of PET, the modified PET is polymerized by terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol (EG), polyethylene glycol (PEG) oligomers, and sodium-5-s ulfobis(β-hydroxyethyl) isophthalate (SIPE). Then, the hydrophilic PET is made into a moisture absorption heating PET yarn, specified to a 75d/72f FDY by melt spinning. The properties of this yarn including hygroscopic heating, surface resistance, tensile strength, elongation at break, and yarn count are presented. In order to improve the properties of this yarn, the Taguchi method combined with grey relational analysis (GRA) is used to obtain the optimal multi-quality process parameters for melt spinning. From experiment results, this modified yarn has excellent hygroscopic heating, surface resistance and elongation. At the same time, it is shown that the warming fabric forms from part I and this modified yarn can get the properties as far-infrared radiation of 89%, textile heating of 8.1°C and surface resistance of 107Ω. Compared with the commercially available heating clothes, the warm fabric developed by this research institute has a high heat-increasing has multi-functionality, and can be applied to a cold latitude country at a high latitude.