Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fabric softeners

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Fabric softeners'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fabric softeners"

1

Siddique, Amna, Tufail Hassan, Sharjeel Abid, et al. "The Effect of Softeners Applications on Moisture Management Properties of Polyester/Cotton Blended Sandwich Weft-Knitted Fabric Structure." Coatings 11, no. 5 (2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050575.

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Prolonged drying times of terry fabrics is a problem as they can not be re-used until completely dry. To resolve this issue, we have designed a sandwich polyester in the mid-layer with low moisture content that could reduce the drying time with excellent wicking properties. These fabrics are widely used as activewear and sportswear. The effect of different softeners on the moisture management properties of weft-knitted terry fabrics’ for various applications has also been studied. Terry knitted fabrics were prepared using a circular knitting machine. Six different softeners were applied with three different concentrations, i.e., 10 g/L, 15 g/L, and 20 g/L, on the fabric using the pad-dry-cure method. Moisture management tests and rubbing fastness tests were performed to analyze the applied softener’s effect on the fabric comfort and moisture management performance. Results revealed that softener type (i.e., cationic, anionic, and non-ionic) and concentration levels considerably affect the moisture management capability of terry knitted fabrics.
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Sisodia, Nidhi, M. S. Parmar, and Sourabh Jain. "Effect of Softeners on Smoothness Behavior of Cotton Fabrics." AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 3 (2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.3.3.

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Cotton woven fabrics were treated with three different silicone softeners. These softeners were applied on the fabric using the pad- dry-cure method. The hand value of treated fabrics was analyzed by determining bending length, crease recovery angle, and surface roughness and smoothness properties. With increased silicone softener concentration, an improvement in surface smoothness of the fabric was observed at a certain level, beyond which there were no significant changes in smoothness. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was carried out to establish a relationship between the application of softeners at different concentrations on the bending length, smoothness, and crease recovery angle properties. A correlation was established between subjective and Kawabata analyses.
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Badr, Alaa Arafa. "Performance of Knitted Fabrics Finished with Different Silicone Softeners." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 13, no. 1 (2018): 155892501801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501801300106.

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Silicone softeners make fabric soft, brilliant, greasy and more elastic, resulting is acceptable handle. In this research work, the effect of using different silicone softeners on pilling resistance and on some physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabrics was evaluated. Industrially applied silicone softeners of three different types (macro, semi-micro, micro) were used on fabrics knitted from different fiber materials (Egyptian cotton, Tencel LF, Tencel STD, bamboo, Modal and Micro-modal). The influence of using different silicone softeners on fabric pilling resistance, seam hole, air permeability, color strength, fastness to rubbing in wet and dry states and fastness to washing was investigated. Results have shown that the pilling performance of micro-modal fabrics finished with micro silicone is better than those finished with macro silicone. The higher number of fibers per cross-section for the micro modal yarns creates weak bonds between micromodal fibers and macro silicone particles. The macro silicone fabric has the greatest air permeability, while the micro silicone reduces the porosity of the yarn and increases air resistance. The macro silicone softener method has more fastness to color than the other finishing methods investigated.
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Azeem, Abdul, Sharjeel Abid, Noman Sarwar, et al. "Optimization of the color fastness and mechanical properties of pigment dyed PC fabric." Pigment & Resin Technology 47, no. 5 (2018): 396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-12-2017-0109.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical properties and reduce the stiffness/harshness of fabric associated with the pigment dyeing of textiles. Design/methodology/approach The fabric was pigment dyed with the addition of three different softeners and binders. The fabric was then analyzed to have improved textile properties by measuring tear strength, bending length, crocking and washing fastness tests. Findings The conventional route of pigment dyeing (without any softener) imparted poor mechanical and rubbing fastness. The softener-added recipe provided better mechanical, rubbing and washing fastness, and the stiffness values were oppressed as well. Practical implications Because of reduced stiffness, increased fastness and mechanical properties, the use of softener with pigment dyeing can improve the market values and satisfaction of the dyed fabrics. The finished product would also have better life and endurance. The process can be modified easily to have a better end-product with a negligible cost addition in industrial process, as softeners are cheap and used in low (10-20 g/l) in industrial settings without affecting the required shades. Originality/value This is the first report, to the best of the author’s knowledge, on the optimization of pigment dyeing of PC fabric with the addition of Helizarin and perapret softeners in dyeing bath.
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Сумська, О. П., Ю. А. Фещук, О. А. Гібелінда та Н. В. Панченко. "ПОЛІПШЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ТРИКОТАЖНОГО ПОЛОТНА ШЛЯХОМ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НАНОРОЗМІРНИХ ОРГАНОСИЛІКОНОВИХ ПОМ’ЯКШУВАЧІВ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, № 3 (2021): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.10.

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To determine the effect of nanosized organosilicon softeners on the indices of the technological properties of a knitted fabric, to assess the possibility of their improvement through the use of innovative finishing processing. Theoretical and experimental studies are based on the basic principles of textile materials science. In experimental studies, standardized methods and techniques were used, which are reflected in the laboratory by providing softening treatment for knitted fabrics. The sewing process was performed on a Juki DLL-8100e industrial sewing machine. The stitch frequency of the stitches was determined by the registration method. It is determined that the use of nanosized organosilicon softeners significantly affects the performance of the technological properties of a knitted fabric. It was found that the Kolosil nanosized organosilicon softener, which was used by the selection method at a concentration of 4% of the processed material, has a maximum effect on the total deformation and increases the proportion of the slowly inverse deformation component. It is shown that the use of softeners has a positive effect on the stability of the linear dimensions of a knitted fabric. It is proved that the final processing of knitted fabric with innovative nanosized organosilicon softeners can be considered a factor in reducing the technological complexity of garments. The scientific hypothesis has been experimentally confirmed in the use of nanosized organosilicon softeners to improve the indicators of the technological properties of a knitted fabric. It is shown that treatment with nanoscale softeners causes changes in the structure of fibers at the micro level, which are of paramount importance for the formation of technological properties of a knitted fabric. The research results can be used in the development of new materials with improved properties, in the design of clothing parts and in sewing knitted fabrics.
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Сумська, О. П., Ю. А. Фещук, О. А. Гібелінда та Н. В. Панченко. "ПОЛІПШЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ТРИКОТАЖНОГО ПОЛОТНА ШЛЯХОМ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НАНОРОЗМІРНИХ ОРГАНОСИЛІКОНОВИХ ПОМ’ЯКШУВАЧІВ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, № 3 (2021): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.10.

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To determine the effect of nanosized organosilicon softeners on the indices of the technological properties of a knitted fabric, to assess the possibility of their improvement through the use of innovative finishing processing. Theoretical and experimental studies are based on the basic principles of textile materials science. In experimental studies, standardized methods and techniques were used, which are reflected in the laboratory by providing softening treatment for knitted fabrics. The sewing process was performed on a Juki DLL-8100e industrial sewing machine. The stitch frequency of the stitches was determined by the registration method. It is determined that the use of nanosized organosilicon softeners significantly affects the performance of the technological properties of a knitted fabric. It was found that the Kolosil nanosized organosilicon softener, which was used by the selection method at a concentration of 4% of the processed material, has a maximum effect on the total deformation and increases the proportion of the slowly inverse deformation component. It is shown that the use of softeners has a positive effect on the stability of the linear dimensions of a knitted fabric. It is proved that the final processing of knitted fabric with innovative nanosized organosilicon softeners can be considered a factor in reducing the technological complexity of garments. The scientific hypothesis has been experimentally confirmed in the use of nanosized organosilicon softeners to improve the indicators of the technological properties of a knitted fabric. It is shown that treatment with nanoscale softeners causes changes in the structure of fibers at the micro level, which are of paramount importance for the formation of technological properties of a knitted fabric. The research results can be used in the development of new materials with improved properties, in the design of clothing parts and in sewing knitted fabrics.
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Zięba, Małgorzata, Anna Małysa, Tomasz Wasilewski, and Marta Ogorzałek. "Effects of Chemical Structure of Silicone Polyethers Used as Fabric Softener Additives on Selected Utility Properties of Cotton Fabric." Autex Research Journal 19, no. 1 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0009.

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Abstract The study addressed the effect of the structure of silicone polyethers on selected functional properties of cotton fabric rinsed in conditioners containing the additives under study. Fabric softener formulations containing two comb-structured compounds (PEG/PPG-14/0 Dimethicone and PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone) and one block-structured compound (Bis-PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone) were developed. Cotton fabric rinsed in conditioners containing silicone glycols was not found to be affected by yellowing. However, differences were noted in the softening ability and re-wettability of rinsed fabrics due to diverse structures of the additives used. The most desirable soft hand effect was observed after cotton rinsing in fabric softeners containing the block-structured compound Bis-PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone. In contrast, the highest fabric re-wettability was shown for the conditioner enriched with a comb-structured compound (PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone). The study results demonstrate that the prototypical fabric softeners containing silicone derivatives have a potential to provide quality characteristic required by consumers of this product group.
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Rathinamoorthy, R. "Influence of repeated household fabric softener treatment on the comfort characteristics of cotton and polyester fabrics." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 2 (2019): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-06-2018-0076.

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Purpose The utilisation of softener after laundering of textile became one of the mandatory activities among the consumers. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of repeated rinse cycle softener treatment on the comfort characteristics of cotton and polyester woven fabric. Design/methodology/approach The selected cotton and polyester fabrics were treated using three different softeners types and three different numbers of rinsing times, namely 5, 10 and 15. The impact of repeated rinse cycle softener treatment on the comfort characteristics like absorbency, air permeability, wicking, thermal conductivity and flammability was analysed and the changes in the properties were confirmed using two-way ANOVA. Findings The number of rinse cycle softener treatment has a significant impact on the absorbency, air permeability and wicking ability of the cotton and polyester fabrics. The thermal conductivity and flammability characteristics of the fabrics mostly altered based on the type of fabric softener used. For all the type of fabric, the burning time reduced after the softener treatment. Social implications The consumer expects the softness and fragrance smell developed by the rinse cycle softener and they intend to use it more frequently after every laundry process to achieve that feel. This repeated the application of softener causes a negative impact on the fabric performances. This research result provides an evidence for the changes in physiological comfort aspects of textiles. Originality/value This analysis enlightens the negative impact of the repeated use of commercial fabric softener and their types on the common fabrics used in apparel endues.
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OKUMURA, Osamu, and Kenji YOKOI. "On household fabric softeners." Hyomen Kagaku 6, no. 5 (1986): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.6.411.

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Safdar, Faiza, Tanveer Hussain, Ahsan Nazir, and Kashif Iqbal. "Improving Dimensional Stability of Cotton Knits through Resin Finishing." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9, no. 3 (2014): 155892501400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501400900304.

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The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three different types of resin finishes for improving the dimensional stability of 100% cotton honeycombed pique knitted fabrics. After application of each resin at five different concentrations, it was found that the fabric shrinkage could be effectively controlled by using a suitable type and concentration of the resin. However, the cellulose crosslinking by the resin resulted in some loss in the fabric bursting strength. In a second set of experiments, three different types of softeners were applied, at three different concentrations, in combination with the optimized type and concentration of the resin. It was found that the loss in fabric bursting strength due to cellulose crosslinking by the resin could be minimised with a suitable type and concentration of softener without any deterioration in the fabric pilling properties.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fabric softeners"

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Guo, Jiangman. "The Effects of Household Fabric Softeners on the Thermal Comfort and Flammability of Cotton and Polyester Fabrics." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32307.

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This study examined the effects of household fabric softeners on the thermal comfort and flammability of 100% cotton and 100% polyester fabrics after repeated laundering. Two fabric properties related to thermal comfort, water vapor transmission and air permeability, were examined. A 3 X 2 X 3 experimental design (i.e., 18 experimental cells) was developed to conduct the research. Three independent variables were selected: fabric softener treatments (i.e., rinse cycle softener, dryer sheet softener, no softener), fabric types (i.e., 100% cotton, 100% polyester), and number of laundering cycles (i.e., 1, 15, 25 cycles). Three dependent variables were tested: water vapor transmission, air permeability, and flammability. The test fabrics were purchased from Testfabrics, Inc. To examine the influence of the independent variables and their interactions on each dependent variable, two-way or three-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were used to analyze the data. Results in this study showed that both the rinse cycle softener and the dryer sheet softener significantly decreased the water vapor transmission of test specimens to a similar degree. The rinse cycle softener decreased the air permeability of test specimens most and was followed by the dryer sheet softener. The rinse cycle softener increased the flammability of both cotton and polyester fabrics, but the dryer sheet softener had no significant effect on the flammability of both fabric types. Statistical analysis also indicated that the interactions were significant among the independent variables on water vapor transmission, air permeability, and flammability of the test specimens. For example, the rinse cycle softener significantly decreased the water vapor transmission and air permeability of cotton fabric but had no effect on polyester fabric. The dryer sheet softener also decreased the water vapor transmission of cotton fabric but had no effect on polyester fabric, and it had no effect on the air permeability of both cotton and polyester fabrics. In addition, the air permeability of cotton specimens treated with the rinse cycle softener continuously reduced after repeated laundering, but that of polyester fabrics treated with the rinse cycle softener only reduced after 15 laundering cycles and showed no continuous decrease when laundering cycles increased. When the influence of fabric softener treatments on flammability was examined, the results showed that the more the specimens were laundered with the rinse cycle softener, the greater the flammability of the test specimens. However, the dryer sheet softener did not have a significant effect on the flammability of the test fabrics even after repeated laundering. For the polyester fabric, all specimens treated with the dryer sheet softener or no softener passed the standard of childrenâ s sleepwear even after 25 laundering cycles, but those treated with the rinse cycle softener did not pass the standard. In conclusion, fabric softener treatment had a significant influence on the thermal comfort (i.e., water vapor transmission and air permeability) and flammability of 100% cotton and 100% polyester fabrics after repeated laundering cycles and the effects were significantly different among the three independent variables (i.e., fabric softener treatments, fabric types, and number of laundering cycles). The applications of these results were also discussed.<br>Master of Science
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Agarwal, Gaurav. "Interaction of textile parameters, wash-ageing and use of fabric softener during the laundry with mechanical properties of the knitted fabrics and correlation with textile hand." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10001/document.

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Dans cette thèse, l'influence de lavage répétés et l'utilisation d'assouplissant sur les propriétés sensorielles, mécaniques et physico-chimiques pour la bonneterie ont, a été étudiés Différentes conditions de remplissage de la machine à laver ont été étudiées : soit avec des tricots comportant tous des fibres de même nature, soit avec des tricots de nature différentes. La quantité d’adoucissant déposée sur le textile a été mesurée, l’uniformité du dépôt a été quantifiée par analyse d’image. Le potentiel zéta des fibres et la capacité d’absorption des textiles expliquent les écarts de quantité déposées sur les tricots. L'évaluation sensorielle des tissus a été réalisée par un groupe de panélistes entrainés en utilisant la méthode de comparaison par paire. En outre, un système intelligent basé sur la logique floue pour corréler les paramètres physiques et sensoriels a été développé afin de prédire les performances d'un tricot aprés un grand nombre de cycles de lavage<br>In this thesis, the simultaneous influence of repeated machine laundry and use of the fabric softener on sensory, mechanical and physico-chemical properties of the knitted textiles was investigated. The deposition of softener was characterised by amount of deposition in different load conditions (mixed fibre load and individual fibre load) and level of uniformity of the deposition. The softener deposition was explained by zeta-potential of the fibres and liquid-absorption capability of the knitted fabrics. The non-uniformity of the softener deposition was quantified by image processing method. The sensory evaluation of the fabrics was carried out by a trained panel using pair-comparison method. Furthermore, an intelligent system based on Fuzzy logic for correlating the physical and sensory parameters was developed in order to predict the performance of a knitted fabric which has gone through number of laundry cycles
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Chih-Cheng, Huang, and 黃致成. "The Effects of Dyeing, Fluorocarbon Water Repellent Agent and Quaternary Ammonium Salt Softener Treatments on the Antibacterial Activity of Cotton, Nylon and Acrylic Fabrics." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20473279156269872020.

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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>織品服裝學系<br>90<br>This study primarily included two parts: the first part was to explore the effects of dyestuffs and dyeing on the antibacterial activity of cotton, nylon, and acrylic fabrics, the second part was to study the effects of fluorocarbon water repellent agent and quaternary ammonium salt softener on the antibacterial activity of cotton, nylon, and acrylic fabrics pre- treated with the antibacterial agent AEM5700, 3-(trimythoxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride. There are some dyestuffs in the literature reviews which have special chemical structures and been applied independently as antibacterial agents before. However, in this study, we tried to explore whether or not the dyestuffs still can act as an antibacterial agent after been applied to textiles. There were 18 dyestuffs been selected according to their chemical structures, seven reactive dyes for cotton, seven acid dyes for nylon, and four basic dyes for acrylic. Based on the results of the antibacterial test, Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) L1902-1998 “Testing Method for Antibacterial of Textiles”, three dyestuffs out of 18 had bacterial inhibition values > 2.2 and admitted of the Japanese Association for the Function Evaluation of Textiles (JAFET) standard. They are C. I. Reactive Violet 5, C. I. Basic Yellow 28, and C. I. Basic Blue 3. All of the AEM5700 treated cotton, nylon, and acrylic fabrics admitted to the JAFET bacterial inhibition standard for both gram-positive germ- Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative germ- Escherichia coli. Once the AEM5700 pre-treated cotton, nylon, and acrylic fabrics further been treated with the fluorocarbon water repellent agent, however, none of them admitted of the JAFET bacterial inhibition standard. This could be the repellent film on the fabrics which blocked the antibacterial activity of the AEM5700 treated fabrics. Furthermore, the testing method used might not be the most suitable way to test the antibacterial performance of the above multi-treated fabrics. Finally, the quaternary ammonium salt softener treated cotton, nylon, and acrylic fabrics admitted of the JAFET bacterial inhibition standard. Moreover, the AEM5700 pre-treated cotton, nylon, and acrylic fabrics then treated with the quaternary ammonium salt softener still admitted of the JAFET bacterial inhibition standard.
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Books on the topic "Fabric softeners"

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Fabric Softeners. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Fabric Softeners in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Fabric Softeners in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Concentrated Liquid Fabric Softeners. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Concentrated Liquid Fabric Softeners. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Fabric Softeners in Greater China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Concentrated Liquid Fabric Softeners in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Fabric Softeners in the United States. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Concentrated Liquid Fabric Softeners in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Dry Laundry Fabric Softeners and Rinses. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fabric softeners"

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Mehringer, Anna, Akhil Kandhari, Hillel Chiel, Roger Quinn, and Kathryn Daltorio. "An Integrated Compliant Fabric Skin Softens, Lightens, and Simplifies a Mesh Robot." In Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63537-8_27.

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Kirby, Jill A., Stacy L. Klausing, and Hugh Hoagland. "An Evaluation of the Effects of Bleach Products and Fabric Softener on Properties of a Common Flame-Resistant Cotton-Nylon Fabric." In Performance of Protective Clothing and Equipment: 10thVolume, Risk Reduction Through Research and Testing. ASTM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp159320160015.

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"Fabric Softeners." In Liquid Detergents. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027907-16.

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Crutzen, André. "Fabric Softeners." In Surfactant Science. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027907.ch12.

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Sebold, Uwe. "Fabric Softeners Worldwide." In Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Detergents. AOCS Publishing, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439832660.ch16.

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van Leeuwen, Cornelis, and Joanna Jaworska. "Effects Assessment of Fabric Softeners." In Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420032314.sec3.

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"Concentrated and Efficient Fabric Softeners." In Detergency of Specialty Surfactants. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482270785-15.

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Oktav Bulut, Meliha, and Ayşen Cire. "A Research on Polyamide6.6/Polyurethane Blends in Finishing Process Which Are Used for Sportswear." In Humidity Sensors [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99820.

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In this work, softeners obtained from various companies were applied to the polyamide6.6/polyurethane fabrics which are used in sportswear industry using impregnation and exhaustion methods; water vapor permeability were determined for humidity control, air permeability and capillarity tests of these fabrics were studied. In addition, the wool hydrolysate obtained from the waste wool was also applied to these fabrics by using exhaustion method and the fabric properties were compared. In order to investigate the washing resistance of the process, experiments were performed with 1% and 3% potassium aluminum sulfate KAl(SO₄)2 and aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4) under the same conditions. The chemical and morphological surface properties of the fabrics were examined by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was observed that the capillarity, water vapor and air permeability, and handle values of fabrics treated with wool hydrolysate were better and more resistant to consecutive washings than the fabrics treated with commercial recipes. Furthermore, this process did not have a side effect on the color difference and whiteness values of the fabrics treated with wool hydrolysate. Thus, an example of sustainable, economical and environmental study was done.
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Ogorzalek, Marta, and Tomasz Wasilewski. "Application of Tribology Test for Quality Assessment of Fabric Softeners Based on Cationic Surfactants." In Surfactants in Tribology. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429287701-9.

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"Fabric Softener." In Roze & Blud. University of Arkansas Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw1d5bm.7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fabric softeners"

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Swazey, John, and Janet Akande. "New Cellulontm Cellulose Liquid: Improved Cationic-compatibility for Providing Reliable Suspension in Fabric Softeners and Personal Care Products." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.373.

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Ruznan, W. S., N. J. M. Yusof, M. K. M. Yusoh, et al. "The effect of household fabric softener on flame resistance of cellulosic fabrics." In 2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research (SHUSER). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/shuser.2012.6268991.

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ADEELA, AUFA, and NUR AIN. "Potential of Geranium From Pelargonium Graveolens As Natural Mosquito Repellent Agent In Fabric Softener." In Fifth International Conference On Advances in Applied Science and Environmental Engineering - ASEE 2016. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-086-6-07.

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Ueda, Shodai, and Atsushi Sakuma. "Finite Element Analysis of Dynamics of Human Muscle Compressed by Fabric Sleeve." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87304.

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Recently, compression wear has become the preferred performance material for many athletes, where it has the effect of reducing the burden on the body by suppressing muscle vibrations and improves athletic performance by providing the body with suitable moderate pressure. This study concerns thigh sleeves formed of compression wear. The optimal level of compression is studied in order to improve athletic performance and reduce muscular strain. Subsequently, the mechanics of the thigh compression sleeve are discussed. Here, the optimal tensile rigidity of the sleeve, which is calculated using the Young’s modulus of the sleeve in the circumferential direction, is discussed with the aim of reducing muscular strain. The finite element method model is adopted to represent the thigh, which commonly experiences muscle strain during running. The model is constructed using a semi-circular shape, which represents the thigh cut in the transverse plane. The model consists of two solid components, which reflect the muscle (outer) and femur (inner), as well as a shell that covers the thigh. The model generates sinusoidal vibrations, which reflect human behavior when running in a uniaxial direction. The maximum shear strain is approximately half of the tensile rigidity of the sleeve. Indeed, the muscle is sufficiently soft that the tensile rigidity of the sleeve is generally smaller when there is little shear strain on the muscle. From these results, it is concluded that the maximum shear strain of the muscle decreases by almost half when covered by the thigh compression sleeve compared to when no thigh compression sleeve is worn. Furthermore, the shear strain of the muscle can be reduced by varying the tensile rigidity of the sleeve when the human is running. Finally, the tensile rigidity of the sleeve can be decreased to reduce the shear strain of the muscle as it softens.
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