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Journal articles on the topic 'Fabric softeners'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Siddique, Amna, Tufail Hassan, Sharjeel Abid, Munir Ashraf, Azmat Hussain, Faizan Shafiq, Muhammad Qamar Khan, and Ick Soo Kim. "The Effect of Softeners Applications on Moisture Management Properties of Polyester/Cotton Blended Sandwich Weft-Knitted Fabric Structure." Coatings 11, no. 5 (May 15, 2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050575.

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Prolonged drying times of terry fabrics is a problem as they can not be re-used until completely dry. To resolve this issue, we have designed a sandwich polyester in the mid-layer with low moisture content that could reduce the drying time with excellent wicking properties. These fabrics are widely used as activewear and sportswear. The effect of different softeners on the moisture management properties of weft-knitted terry fabrics’ for various applications has also been studied. Terry knitted fabrics were prepared using a circular knitting machine. Six different softeners were applied with three different concentrations, i.e., 10 g/L, 15 g/L, and 20 g/L, on the fabric using the pad-dry-cure method. Moisture management tests and rubbing fastness tests were performed to analyze the applied softener’s effect on the fabric comfort and moisture management performance. Results revealed that softener type (i.e., cationic, anionic, and non-ionic) and concentration levels considerably affect the moisture management capability of terry knitted fabrics.

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2

Sisodia, Nidhi, M. S. Parmar, and Sourabh Jain. "Effect of Softeners on Smoothness Behavior of Cotton Fabrics." AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.3.3.

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Cotton woven fabrics were treated with three different silicone softeners. These softeners were applied on the fabric using the pad- dry-cure method. The hand value of treated fabrics was analyzed by determining bending length, crease recovery angle, and surface roughness and smoothness properties. With increased silicone softener concentration, an improvement in surface smoothness of the fabric was observed at a certain level, beyond which there were no significant changes in smoothness. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was carried out to establish a relationship between the application of softeners at different concentrations on the bending length, smoothness, and crease recovery angle properties. A correlation was established between subjective and Kawabata analyses.

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3

Badr, Alaa Arafa. "Performance of Knitted Fabrics Finished with Different Silicone Softeners." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 13, no. 1 (March 2018): 155892501801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501801300106.

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Silicone softeners make fabric soft, brilliant, greasy and more elastic, resulting is acceptable handle. In this research work, the effect of using different silicone softeners on pilling resistance and on some physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabrics was evaluated. Industrially applied silicone softeners of three different types (macro, semi-micro, micro) were used on fabrics knitted from different fiber materials (Egyptian cotton, Tencel LF, Tencel STD, bamboo, Modal and Micro-modal). The influence of using different silicone softeners on fabric pilling resistance, seam hole, air permeability, color strength, fastness to rubbing in wet and dry states and fastness to washing was investigated. Results have shown that the pilling performance of micro-modal fabrics finished with micro silicone is better than those finished with macro silicone. The higher number of fibers per cross-section for the micro modal yarns creates weak bonds between micromodal fibers and macro silicone particles. The macro silicone fabric has the greatest air permeability, while the micro silicone reduces the porosity of the yarn and increases air resistance. The macro silicone softener method has more fastness to color than the other finishing methods investigated.

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4

Azeem, Abdul, Sharjeel Abid, Noman Sarwar, Shahzaib Ali, Ahsan Maqsood, Rashid Masood, and Tanveer Hussain. "Optimization of the color fastness and mechanical properties of pigment dyed PC fabric." Pigment & Resin Technology 47, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-12-2017-0109.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical properties and reduce the stiffness/harshness of fabric associated with the pigment dyeing of textiles. Design/methodology/approach The fabric was pigment dyed with the addition of three different softeners and binders. The fabric was then analyzed to have improved textile properties by measuring tear strength, bending length, crocking and washing fastness tests. Findings The conventional route of pigment dyeing (without any softener) imparted poor mechanical and rubbing fastness. The softener-added recipe provided better mechanical, rubbing and washing fastness, and the stiffness values were oppressed as well. Practical implications Because of reduced stiffness, increased fastness and mechanical properties, the use of softener with pigment dyeing can improve the market values and satisfaction of the dyed fabrics. The finished product would also have better life and endurance. The process can be modified easily to have a better end-product with a negligible cost addition in industrial process, as softeners are cheap and used in low (10-20 g/l) in industrial settings without affecting the required shades. Originality/value This is the first report, to the best of the author’s knowledge, on the optimization of pigment dyeing of PC fabric with the addition of Helizarin and perapret softeners in dyeing bath.

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5

Сумська, О. П., Ю. А. Фещук, О. А. Гібелінда, and Н. В. Панченко. "ПОЛІПШЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ТРИКОТАЖНОГО ПОЛОТНА ШЛЯХОМ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НАНОРОЗМІРНИХ ОРГАНОСИЛІКОНОВИХ ПОМ’ЯКШУВАЧІВ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.10.

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To determine the effect of nanosized organosilicon softeners on the indices of the technological properties of a knitted fabric, to assess the possibility of their improvement through the use of innovative finishing processing. Theoretical and experimental studies are based on the basic principles of textile materials science. In experimental studies, standardized methods and techniques were used, which are reflected in the laboratory by providing softening treatment for knitted fabrics. The sewing process was performed on a Juki DLL-8100e industrial sewing machine. The stitch frequency of the stitches was determined by the registration method. It is determined that the use of nanosized organosilicon softeners significantly affects the performance of the technological properties of a knitted fabric. It was found that the Kolosil nanosized organosilicon softener, which was used by the selection method at a concentration of 4% of the processed material, has a maximum effect on the total deformation and increases the proportion of the slowly inverse deformation component. It is shown that the use of softeners has a positive effect on the stability of the linear dimensions of a knitted fabric. It is proved that the final processing of knitted fabric with innovative nanosized organosilicon softeners can be considered a factor in reducing the technological complexity of garments. The scientific hypothesis has been experimentally confirmed in the use of nanosized organosilicon softeners to improve the indicators of the technological properties of a knitted fabric. It is shown that treatment with nanoscale softeners causes changes in the structure of fibers at the micro level, which are of paramount importance for the formation of technological properties of a knitted fabric. The research results can be used in the development of new materials with improved properties, in the design of clothing parts and in sewing knitted fabrics.

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6

Сумська, О. П., Ю. А. Фещук, О. А. Гібелінда, and Н. В. Панченко. "ПОЛІПШЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ТРИКОТАЖНОГО ПОЛОТНА ШЛЯХОМ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НАНОРОЗМІРНИХ ОРГАНОСИЛІКОНОВИХ ПОМ’ЯКШУВАЧІВ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.10.

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To determine the effect of nanosized organosilicon softeners on the indices of the technological properties of a knitted fabric, to assess the possibility of their improvement through the use of innovative finishing processing. Theoretical and experimental studies are based on the basic principles of textile materials science. In experimental studies, standardized methods and techniques were used, which are reflected in the laboratory by providing softening treatment for knitted fabrics. The sewing process was performed on a Juki DLL-8100e industrial sewing machine. The stitch frequency of the stitches was determined by the registration method. It is determined that the use of nanosized organosilicon softeners significantly affects the performance of the technological properties of a knitted fabric. It was found that the Kolosil nanosized organosilicon softener, which was used by the selection method at a concentration of 4% of the processed material, has a maximum effect on the total deformation and increases the proportion of the slowly inverse deformation component. It is shown that the use of softeners has a positive effect on the stability of the linear dimensions of a knitted fabric. It is proved that the final processing of knitted fabric with innovative nanosized organosilicon softeners can be considered a factor in reducing the technological complexity of garments. The scientific hypothesis has been experimentally confirmed in the use of nanosized organosilicon softeners to improve the indicators of the technological properties of a knitted fabric. It is shown that treatment with nanoscale softeners causes changes in the structure of fibers at the micro level, which are of paramount importance for the formation of technological properties of a knitted fabric. The research results can be used in the development of new materials with improved properties, in the design of clothing parts and in sewing knitted fabrics.

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7

Zięba, Małgorzata, Anna Małysa, Tomasz Wasilewski, and Marta Ogorzałek. "Effects of Chemical Structure of Silicone Polyethers Used as Fabric Softener Additives on Selected Utility Properties of Cotton Fabric." Autex Research Journal 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0009.

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Abstract The study addressed the effect of the structure of silicone polyethers on selected functional properties of cotton fabric rinsed in conditioners containing the additives under study. Fabric softener formulations containing two comb-structured compounds (PEG/PPG-14/0 Dimethicone and PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone) and one block-structured compound (Bis-PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone) were developed. Cotton fabric rinsed in conditioners containing silicone glycols was not found to be affected by yellowing. However, differences were noted in the softening ability and re-wettability of rinsed fabrics due to diverse structures of the additives used. The most desirable soft hand effect was observed after cotton rinsing in fabric softeners containing the block-structured compound Bis-PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone. In contrast, the highest fabric re-wettability was shown for the conditioner enriched with a comb-structured compound (PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone). The study results demonstrate that the prototypical fabric softeners containing silicone derivatives have a potential to provide quality characteristic required by consumers of this product group.

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8

Rathinamoorthy, R. "Influence of repeated household fabric softener treatment on the comfort characteristics of cotton and polyester fabrics." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-06-2018-0076.

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Purpose The utilisation of softener after laundering of textile became one of the mandatory activities among the consumers. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of repeated rinse cycle softener treatment on the comfort characteristics of cotton and polyester woven fabric. Design/methodology/approach The selected cotton and polyester fabrics were treated using three different softeners types and three different numbers of rinsing times, namely 5, 10 and 15. The impact of repeated rinse cycle softener treatment on the comfort characteristics like absorbency, air permeability, wicking, thermal conductivity and flammability was analysed and the changes in the properties were confirmed using two-way ANOVA. Findings The number of rinse cycle softener treatment has a significant impact on the absorbency, air permeability and wicking ability of the cotton and polyester fabrics. The thermal conductivity and flammability characteristics of the fabrics mostly altered based on the type of fabric softener used. For all the type of fabric, the burning time reduced after the softener treatment. Social implications The consumer expects the softness and fragrance smell developed by the rinse cycle softener and they intend to use it more frequently after every laundry process to achieve that feel. This repeated the application of softener causes a negative impact on the fabric performances. This research result provides an evidence for the changes in physiological comfort aspects of textiles. Originality/value This analysis enlightens the negative impact of the repeated use of commercial fabric softener and their types on the common fabrics used in apparel endues.

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9

OKUMURA, Osamu, and Kenji YOKOI. "On household fabric softeners." Hyomen Kagaku 6, no. 5 (1986): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.6.411.

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10

Safdar, Faiza, Tanveer Hussain, Ahsan Nazir, and Kashif Iqbal. "Improving Dimensional Stability of Cotton Knits through Resin Finishing." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9, no. 3 (September 2014): 155892501400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501400900304.

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The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three different types of resin finishes for improving the dimensional stability of 100% cotton honeycombed pique knitted fabrics. After application of each resin at five different concentrations, it was found that the fabric shrinkage could be effectively controlled by using a suitable type and concentration of the resin. However, the cellulose crosslinking by the resin resulted in some loss in the fabric bursting strength. In a second set of experiments, three different types of softeners were applied, at three different concentrations, in combination with the optimized type and concentration of the resin. It was found that the loss in fabric bursting strength due to cellulose crosslinking by the resin could be minimised with a suitable type and concentration of softener without any deterioration in the fabric pilling properties.

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11

ALI, S. I., and SHAHIDA BEGUM. "Fabric softeners and softness perception." Ergonomics 37, no. 5 (May 1994): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139408963689.

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12

MISHRA, Shilpi, and V. K. TYAGI. "Biodegradable Ester-Amide Fabric Softeners." Journal of Oleo Science 55, no. 6 (2006): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos.55.267.

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13

Rathinamoorthy, R., K. Gayathri Shree, R. Vaijayanthi, M. Brindha, and A. Narmatha. "Effect of rinse cycle softener treatment on the low-stress mechanical properties of cotton-woven fabric." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 24, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-10-2019-0053.

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Purpose The application of rinse cycle softener after the household laundry process has become more common in recent times. This study aims to understand the effect of repeated rinse cycle softener treatment on the mechanical and frictional properties of the cotton fabric. Design/methodology/approach Cotton-woven fabric is treated with commercial rinse cycle softener repeatedly for 15 times. After treatment, the fabric was evaluated for the changes in mechanical properties using the Kawabata evaluation system. Findings The results of this study revealed that the softener treatment reduces the tensile properties (41.25%) and increases the overall extensibility of the fabric up to 20.89%. The shear (34.57%) and bending rigidity of the treated fabric are reduced considerably than the untreated fabric (58.02%). The increment in the fabric softness and fluffiness was confirmed with the increment in the compression and the difference between the initial and final thickness at maximum pressure. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) is noted only in the case of bending and surface friction properties (dynamic friction). Originality/value The usage of rinse cycle softeners in the household laundry has a significant influence on the comfort characteristics of the cotton-woven fabric. Repeated usage of rinse cycle softener increased the fabric softness and fluffiness of the fabric and also reduced the tensile properties significantly.

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14

Crutcher, T., K. R. Smith, J. E. Borland, J. D. Sauer, and J. W. Perine. "Alkyldimethylamine oxides as synergistic fabric softeners." Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 69, no. 7 (July 1992): 682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02635810.

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15

Balci, Onur, Gözde Özlem Kinoglu, and Burcu Sancar Besen. "Silicone oil based softeners including different additives." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-04-2018-0048.

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Purpose In this study, which is divided into two parts, the silicone softeners having different properties and including different additives as glycerin, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) (due to their high hydrophilic characters) are produced for the purpose of providing or developing the hydrophilic character, lubricity and filling properties of the emulsions. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach In the first part of the study, the produced silicone emulsions were characterized and applied to the 100 percent cotton-knitted fabrics. In addition, the mechanical properties and whiteness degrees of the fabrics were also researched. In this part of the study, the effects of the produced silicone softeners on the comfort properties of the fabric samples were investigated by qualitative handle, hydrophility, contact angle, air permeability, thermal comfort and moisture management tests. Findings The results showed that while classic silicone application improved mechanical comfort properties of the samples such as the handle and drape properties, they worsened other thermal comfort properties as hydrophility, transfer or dispersion of the moisture, and air permeability. In addition, the thermal comfort properties about heat transfer of the fabric samples were not significantly affected by application of the silicone softeners. All results were affected from the producing recipe of the silicone softeners, and generally the usage of the additives had positive effect on the comfort results depending on the producing recipe (especially type of the silicone oil) of the silicone softeners. Research limitations/implications In this study, the additives were used in single form; however, their dual or trio combinations and/or their different amounts can be used in the emulsions. Practical implications In order to enhance the hydrophilic character, lubricity and filling properties of the silicone softeners, they could be produced by using appropriate additives. Originality/value In the literature, there were not any studies about the silicone softeners including different additives. So the authors can say that the contribution of the additives to the recipes of the silicone softeners is a novel approach.

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16

Igarashi, Takako, and Koichi Nakamura. "Mechanism of Softening Effect of Fabric Softener." Journal of Materials Science Research 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n1p35.

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The mechanism of softening effect for fabric softeners has been explained as lowering of friction between the fibers. This explanation, however, has not been verified. The trend date of B-value of KES-FB2 and the result of perfect drying cotton threads indicate that the increase of hardness of cotton threads after the process of wetting by water and drying is caused by the cross-linking by the bound water between the cotton fibers. Thus, the softening effect of fabric softeners can mainly be discussed as the prevention of the formation of this cross-linkage.

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17

MIYASAKA, Hiroo. "Recent Trends in Development of Domestic Fabric Softeners." Oleoscience 5, no. 10 (2005): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.5.463.

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18

Braun, V., and R. Stamminger. "Using Fabric Softeners, Drying and Ironing in Germany." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 48, no. 3 (May 2011): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/113.110124.

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19

Gerberick, Frank. "CONTACT DERMATITIS AND FABRIC SOFTENERS: FACT OR FICTION?" Dermatitis 14, no. 2 (June 2003): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01206501-200306000-00045.

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20

Gerberick, Frank. "CONTACT DERMATITIS AND FABRIC SOFTENERS: FACT OR FICTION?" American Journal of Contact Dermatitis 14, no. 2 (June 2003): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01634989-200306000-00045.

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21

Laitala, Kirsi, Marit Kjeldsberg, and Ingun Grimstad Klepp. "Troubles with the Solution: Fabric Softeners and Odour Properties." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 49, no. 5 (September 2012): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/113.110203.

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22

Lee, Albert W. M., and W. C. Yip. "Fabric softeners as phase transfer catalyst in organic synthesis." Journal of Chemical Education 68, no. 1 (January 1991): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed068p69.

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23

Gong, R. H., and A. Bhatia. "Effects of Softeners on Mechanical Properties of Cotton Fabric." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 13, no. 4 (November 2009): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-13-04-2009-b006.

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24

Mishra, Shilpi, and V. K. Tyagi. "Ester Quats: The Novel Class of Cationic Fabric Softeners." Journal of Oleo Science 56, no. 6 (2007): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos.56.269.

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25

Igarashi, Takako, Koichi Nakamura, Masato Hoshi, Teruyuki Hara, Hironori Kojima, Masatsugu Itou, Reiko Ikeda, and Yoshimasa Okamoto. "Elucidation of Softening Mechanism in Rinse-Cycle Fabric Softeners. Part 2: Uneven Adsorption—The Key Phenomenon to the Effect of Fabric Softeners." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 19, no. 4 (April 19, 2016): 759–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-016-1815-x.

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26

Chen-Yu, J. H., Jiangman Guo, and B. Kemp-Gatterson. "Effects of Household Fabric Softeners on Thermal Comfort of Cotton and Polyester Fabrics After Repeated Launderings." Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal 37, no. 4 (May 28, 2009): 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077727x09333277.

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27

Liu, Yu Lei, Jia Guang Meng, Ning Li, and Hui Qin Shan. "Anti-Pi1ling and Hair-Slip Finish on Semi-Worsted Knitted Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1979.

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This paper explained question of semi-worsted knitted the hair—slip and pi1ling issue，and it’s limit to resolve this problem by improving the equipment. This paper resolve this problem by chemical finish ,formula and condition is castor-oil plant oil modify acrylic acid polyurethane(bulk density 3%),soak time(10min),drying time（3min）,drying time(125°C),PH（7），Softeners（2%）；the result is lousiness and pilling grade(≧4),handle (soft),bent long(≦7cm), ventilation property(≧1032.2L/m2•s), white content(≧87).

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28

Friedli, Floyd E., Robert Keys, C. Joe Toney, Owen Portwood, Dave Whittlinger, and Markus Doerr. "Novel new ester quaternaries for improved performance benefits as rinse cycle fabric softeners." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 4, no. 4 (October 2001): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-001-0194-0.

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29

DeMatteo, Robert, Daniel Warden, Jason Marshall, and Nancy Goodyear. "Fabric softeners impact cleaning, but not disinfection, by a saturated steam vapor system." American Journal of Infection Control 42, no. 4 (April 2014): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2013.11.008.

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30

Oikonomou, E. K., N. Christov, G. Cristobal, C. Bourgaux, L. Heux, I. Boucenna, and J. F. Berret. "Design of eco-friendly fabric softeners: Structure, rheology and interaction with cellulose nanocrystals." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 525 (September 2018): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.081.

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31

Laughlin, Joan, and Roger E. Gold. "Methyl parathion residue retained in fabrics for functional clothing resulting from use of cationic fabric softeners in laundering." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 44, no. 5 (May 1990): 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01701796.

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32

Ibrahim, N. A., Z. M. El-Sayed, H. M. Fahmy, A. G. Hassabo, and M. H. Abo-Shosha. "Perfume Finishing of Cotton/Polyester Fabric Cross-linked with DMDHEU in Presence of Softeners." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 17, no. 4 (November 2013): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-17-04-2013-b007.

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33

Hosen, Faruq, A. K. M. Ayatullah Hosne Asif, Md Zayedul Hasan, Sharif Tasnim Mahmud, and Md Rafiul Islam. "Evaluation of comfort and thermal properties of stretch denim fabric by applying different softeners." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 8 (February 27, 2021): 752–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v14i8.190.

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34

Sarioğlu, Esin, and Nihat Çelik. "Investigation on Regenerated Cellulosic Knitted Fabric Performance by Using Silicone Softeners with Different Particle Sizes." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 23, no. 5(113) (August 31, 2015): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12303666.1161760.

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35

Pei, Liujun, Huayun Ge, Dawei Wang, Qi Zhong, and Jiping Wang. "The Influence of Silicone Softeners on Fabric Stain Removal and Whiteness Maintenance During Home Laundry." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 17, no. 2 (November 24, 2013): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-013-1552-3.

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36

Igarashi, Takako, Naoki Morita, Yoshimasa Okamoto, and Koichi Nakamura. "Elucidation of Softening Mechanism in Rinse Cycle Fabric Softeners. Part 1: Effect of Hydrogen Bonding." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 19, no. 1 (October 5, 2015): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-015-1732-4.

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37

Hosen, Faruq, Md Zayedul Hasan, and A. K. M. Ayatullah Hosne Asif. "Effect of Different Softeners on Dimensional Stability and Color Fastness Properties of Stretch Denim Fabric." Advances in Applied Sciences 5, no. 4 (2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20200504.13.

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38

Fujimura, T., Y. Takagi, I. Sugano, Y. Sano, N. Yamaguchi, T. Kitahara, Y. Takema, and R. L. Rizer. "Real-life use of underwear treated with fabric softeners improves skin dryness by decreasing the friction of fabrics against the skin." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 33, no. 6 (June 13, 2011): 566–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00672.x.

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39

Mondal, Mithun G., and Amit Prabhakar Pratap. "Synthesis and Performance Properties of Cationic Fabric Softeners Derived from Free Fatty Acid of Tallow Fat." Journal of Oleo Science 65, no. 8 (2016): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess15276.

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Mohammadi, Mansur S. "Colloidal stability of di-chain cationic and ethoxylated nonionic surfactant mixtures used in commercial fabric softeners." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 288, no. 1-3 (October 2006): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.05.005.

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KIKUCHI, Mikio, Yumi KITORA, Naoko NAKAMURA, Yuka MEZAKI, and Kaori TABEI. "Hazard Evaluation of Household Detergents, Fabric Softeners, Shampoos and Conditioners by Acute Immobilization Test Using Daphnia magna." Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment 27, no. 11 (2004): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe.27.741.

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Giolando, S. T., R. A. Rapaport, R. J. Larson, T. W. Federle, M. Stalmans, and P. Masscheleyn. "Environmental fate and effects of DEEDMAC: A new rapidly biodegradable cationic surfactant for use in fabric softeners." Chemosphere 30, no. 6 (March 1995): 1067–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(95)00005-s.

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Mishra, Shilpi, and V. K. Tyagi. "Synthesis and Performance Properties of Cationic Fabric Softeners Derived from Different Fatty Acids and 1(2-Hydroxyethylpiperazine)." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 11, no. 2 (May 17, 2008): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-008-1067-5.

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Porcherot, Christelle, Sylvain Delplanque, Nadine Gaudreau, and Isabelle Cayeux. "Seeing, smelling, feeling! Is there an influence of color on subjective affective responses to perfumed fabric softeners?" Food Quality and Preference 27, no. 2 (March 2013): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2012.06.011.

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Jeon, Youn-Hee, Ja-Gil Koo, Won-Young Jeong, and Seung-Kook An. "Changes on the Abrasion and Mechanical Properties of Warp Knitted Fabric for Footwear with Softeners and Heat Treatments." Journal of the Korean Society for Clothing Industry 12, no. 4 (August 30, 2010): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5805/ksci.2010.12.4.494.

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Vidrago, Cândida, Maria José Araújo Marques Abreu, Graça Soares, and Helder Carvalho. "Cost and Efficiency Analysis of Commercial Softeners in the Sewability Behavior of Cotton Fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 2 (June 2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000203.

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Abstract:

This paper reports a comparative case study on the use of different softening products for bed linen fabrics, specifically regarding the sewability of the fabrics. The market offers a wide variety of commercial formulations of softeners for this purpose, but the composition and price varies considerably. This work was aimed to assess the relationship between the cost and effectiveness of different softener formulations in home textiles finishing. Objectively, the effect of different softeners and their concentrations on sewability of the fabrics was studied. Non-ionic polyethylene dispersions and a cationic silicone softener micro-emulsion in different concentrations and combinations were considered in this investigation. It was found that a combination of silicone and polyethylene based softeners presents the most interesting cost/performance behavior.

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Saraiva, Sérgio A., Patrícia V. Abdelnur, Rodrigo R. Catharino, George Nunes, and Marcos N. Eberlin. "Fabric softeners: nearly instantaneous characterization and quality control of cationic surfactants by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 23, no. 3 (January 6, 2009): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3878.

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Ogura, Taku, Takaaki Sato, Masahiko Abe, and Tomomichi Okano. "Small Angle X-ray Scattering and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Study on Fragrance Infused Cationic Vesicles Modeling Scent-Releasing Fabric Softeners." Journal of Oleo Science 67, no. 2 (2018): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess17186.

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Jatoi, Abdul Wahab, Zeeshan Khatri, Farooq Ahmed, and Muhammad Hanif Memon. "Effect of Silicone Nano, Nano/Micro and Nano/Macro-Emulsion Softeners on Color Yield and Physical Characteristics of Dyed Cotton Fabric." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 18, no. 2 (December 4, 2014): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-014-1647-5.

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Tsai, Pei-Chuan, and Wang-Hsien Ding. "Determination of alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants in hair conditioners and fabric softeners by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with electron-impact and chemical ionization." Journal of Chromatography A 1027, no. 1-2 (February 2004): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.047.

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