Journal articles: 'Fabrication by ASC'

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Yuan, Jinzhou, Jessie Zhou, David M. Raizen, and Haim H. Bau. "High-throughput, motility-based sorter for microswimmers such as C. elegans." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 13 (2015): 2790–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc00305a.

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Liu, Zailun, Zhengyang Zhao, Fei Teng, Chao Chang, Yunxuan Zhao, Yang Yang, Wenqing Yao, Yongfa Zhu, and Yingzheng Fan. "In situ hydrothermal fabrication of a MnO2@CoMoO4@Ni nanohybrid electrode and ultrahigh energy density of ASCs." RSC Advances 6, no. 52 (2016): 46508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra05790j.

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Tabassum, Hassina, Chong Qu, Kunting Cai, Waseem Aftab, Zibin Liang, Tianjie Qiu, Asif Mahmood, Wei Meng, and Ruqiang Zou. "Large-scale fabrication of BCN nanotube architecture entangled on a three-dimensional carbon skeleton for energy storage." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 42 (2018): 21225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta08590k.

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Liu, Di, Seung Hyun Hur, Jin Suk Chung, and Won Mook Choi. "Fabrication of g-C3N4 Quantum Dots/MnCO3 Nanocomposite on Carbon Cloth for Flexible Supercapacitor Electrode." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 7927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217927.

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In this study, the nanocomposite of g-C3N4 quantum dots/MnCO3 on carbon cloth (q-MC//CC) is prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. The obtained q-MC//CC composite is employed for a flexible supercapacitor electrode. The g-C3N4 quantum dots could effectively improve the interface electrical conductivity and ion transportation of the MnCO3 electrode, which results in superior electrochemical performance. The q-MC//CC electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 1001 F·g−1 at a current density of 1 A·g−1 and a good cycling performance of 96% capacity retention after 5000 cycles. Moreover, an asymmetric flexible supercapacitor (ASC) is assembled with q-MC//CC and carbon cloth as a positive and negative electrode, respectively, which exhibits a high energy density of 27.1 Wh·kg−1 at a power density of 500 W·kg−1. In addition, the fabricated ASC device demonstrates the ability to power the light-emitting diode effectively under mechanical bending.

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Rashidbenam, Zahra, Mohd Hafidzul Jasman, Guan Hee Tan, Eng Hong Goh, Xeng Inn Fam, Christopher Chee Kong Ho, Zulkifli Md Zainuddin, et al. "Fabrication of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Based Self-Assembled Scaffold under Hypoxia and Mechanical Stimulation for Urethral Tissue Engineering." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 3350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073350.

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Long urethral strictures are often treated with autologous genital skin and buccal mucosa grafts; however, risk of hair ingrowth and donor site morbidity, restrict their application. To overcome this, we introduced a tissue-engineered human urethra comprising adipose-derived stem cell (ASC)-based self-assembled scaffold, human urothelial cells (UCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). ASCs were cultured with ascorbic acid to stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) production. The scaffold (ECM) was stained with collagen type-I antibody and the thickness was measured under a confocal microscope. Results showed that the thickest scaffold (28.06 ± 0.59 μm) was achieved with 3 × 104 cells/cm2 seeding density, 100 μg/mL ascorbic acid concentration under hypoxic and dynamic culture condition. The biocompatibility assessment showed that UCs and SMCs seeded on the scaffold could proliferate and maintain the expression of their markers (CK7, CK20, UPIa, and UPII) and (α-SMA, MHC and Smootheline), respectively, after 14 days of in vitro culture. ECM gene expression analysis showed that the ASC and dermal fibroblast-based scaffolds (control) were comparable. The ASC-based scaffold can be handled and removed from the plate. This suggests that multiple layers of scaffold can be stacked to form the urothelium (seeded with UCs), submucosal layer (ASCs only), and smooth muscle layer (seeded with SMCs) and has the potential to be developed into a fully functional human urethra for urethral reconstructive surgeries.

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Kornicka, K., R. Walczak, A. Mucha, and K. Marycz. "Released from ZrO2/SiO2 coating resveratrol inhibits senescence and oxidative stress of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASC)." Open Chemistry 16, no. 1 (May 23, 2018): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0039.

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AbstractThe rapid aging of the population results in increased number of metabolic and degenerative disorders, especially in the elderly.Thus, a novel approach in the fields of orthopedic and reconstructive surgery for bone regeneration is strongly desirable. A new perspective in the therapy of bone fractures is tissue engineering which combines living cells with biomaterials to develop modern substitutes that can restore tissue functions. Metallic biomaterials, including stainless steel and pure titanium, have been extensively used for the fabrication of surgical implants over decades. Chemical modification of material surface for example incorporation of chemotactic factors may significantly improve the therapeutic effect. In this paper we describe titanium substrate modifications with ZrO2/SiO2 coating functionalized with resveratrol using a sol – gel, dip-coating technique. Moreover, we established the effects of fabricated scaffolds on adipose stem cells isolated from elderly patients. Using fluorescence imaging, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and cytotoxicity tests, we established that 0.5 Res_ZrO2/SiO2 significantly reduced apoptosis and accumulation of oxidative stress factors in adipose derived stem cells (ASC). Thus exploitation of fabricated biomaterials in regenerative medicine as a strategy for rejuvenate ASC from elderly patients in vivo, seems fully justified.

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Simon Justin, A., P. Vickraman, and B. Joji Reddy. "Investigation on Carbonsphere@Nickel Cobalt Sulfide Core-shell Nanocomposite for Asymmetric Supercapacitor Application." Energy Harvesting and Systems 6, no. 1-2 (September 25, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2019-0003.

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Abstract The carbon sphere (CS)@nickel cobalt sulfide core-shell nanocomposite at five different mole ratios have been synthesized by a facile low-temperature water-bath method without any thermal treatment. The XRD results on CS, NiCo2S4 and its ternary complexation confirms nanocomposite formation which matches with the cubic structure. The FTIR confirms the complexation of CS and metal-sulfide core-shell. TEM morphology shows CS at NiCo2S4 forming a core-shell which appears as interlinked bunch of grapes. The BET surface analysis observes the high surface area for the core-shell. The XPS studies confirm the elemental presence and valence states of metal composition of the core-shell. Electrochemical studies on the pure NiCo2S4 and CS@NiCo2S4 have shown that CS@NiCo2S4 in 1:1 ratio (scn2) only exhibits higher specific capacitance of 838 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with capacity retention of 89 % for 5000 cycles than other mole ratios. Using this scn2, asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device fabrication has been studied. The electrochemical studies on ASC reveal high energy density of 101 Wh kg−1 with the power density of 6.3 k W kg−1, and having good cycling stability with 92 % of capacitance retention even after 3000 cycles at 20 A g−1.

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Kolan, Krishna C. R., Julie A. Semon, Bradley Bromet, Delbert E. Day, and Ming C. Leu. "Bioprinting with human stem cells-laden alginate-gelatin bioink and bioactive glass for tissue engineering." International Journal of Bioprinting 5, no. 2.2 (July 11, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v5i2.2.204.

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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies have shown great potential in the fabrication of 3D models for different human tissues. Stem cells are an attractive cell source in tissue engineering as they can be directed by material and environmental cues to differentiate into multiple cell types for tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, we investigate the viability of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in alginate-gelatin (Alg-Gel) hydrogel bioprinted with or without bioactive glass. Highly angiogenic borate bioactive glass (13-93B3) in 50 wt% is added to polycaprolactone (PCL) to fabricate scaffolds using a solvent-based extrusion 3D bioprinting technique. The fabricated scaffolds with 12 × 12 × 1 mm3 in overall dimensions are physically characterized, and the glass dissolution from PCL/glass composite over a period of 28 days is studied. Alg-Gel composite hydrogel is used as a bioink to suspend ASCs, and scaffolds are then bioprinted in different configurations: Bioink only, PCL+bioink, and PCL/glass+bioink, to investigate ASC viability. The results indicate the feasibility of the solvent-based bioprinting process to fabricate 3D cellularized scaffolds with more than 80% viability on day 0. The decrease in viability after 7 days due to glass concentration and static culture conditions is discussed. The feasibility of modifying Alg-Gel with 13-93B3 glass for bioprinting is also investigated, and the results are discussed.

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Zhang, Zheng Yan, Ding Fang Chen, Ji Quan Hu, Xiao Ping Wang, and Ping Chen. "Representation and Fabrication Method for Multiple Gradients FGM Part Based on Additive Manufacturing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 2076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.2076.

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A simple FGM object with one gradient direction is easily fabricated by the current technique; However, how to fabricate multiple gradients FGM objects is rarely mentioned by some related papers. This paper proposed a representation and fabrication approach to deal with this problem. This approach, termed as minimum fabrication cell (MFC) or allowance fabrication cell (AFC), focus on fabrication of multiple gradients FGM object. In MFC, an arbitrary 3-D model is adaptively sliced into a series of 2-D layers, and each layer is subdivided into a series of MFC or AFC along toolpath. The three linear interpolation is applied to calculate the material for each MFC or AFC, and gradient contribution ratio (GCR) is applied to calculate the material for each vertex on the MFC or AFC.

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Zhang, Haorui, Junjin Huang, Changmeng Liu, Yongsheng Ma, Yafeng Han, Tianqiu Xu, Jiping Lu, and Hongli Fang. "Fabricating Pyramidal Lattice Structures of 304 L Stainless Steel by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 3482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163482.

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Lattice structures have drawn considerable attention due to their superior mechanical properties. However, the existing fabrication methods for lattice structures require complex procedures, as they have low material utilization and lead to unreliable node connections, which greatly restricts their application. In this work, wire arc additive manufacturing is used to fabricate large-scale lattice structures efficiently, without any air holes between rods and panels. The principle and the process of fabricating the rods were analyzed systematically. The influence of the two most important parameters, including heat input and preset layer height, is disclosed. Through optical microscopy, the microstructure of the fabricated steel rods is found to consist of dendritic austenite and skeletal ferrite. The tensile strength of the rods can reach 603 MPa, and their elongation reaches 77%. These experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating lattice structures using wire arc additive manufacturing.

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Li, Yifeng, Xunpeng Qin, Qiang Wu, Zeqi Hu, and Tan Shao. "Fabrication of curved overhanging thin-walled structure with robotic wire and arc additive manufacturing (RWAAM)." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 47, no. 1 (August 19, 2019): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-05-2019-0112.

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Purpose Robotic wire and arc additive manufacturing (RWAAM) is becoming more and more popular for its capability of fabricating metallic parts with complicated structure. To unlock the potential of 6-DOF industrial robots and improve the power of additive manufacturing, this paper aims to present a method to fabricate curved overhanging thin-walled parts free from turn table and support structures. Design/methodology/approach Five groups of straight inclined thin-walled parts with different angles were fabricated with the torch aligned with the inclination angle using RWAAM, and the angle precision was verified by recording the growth of each layer in both horizontal and vertical directions; furthermore, the experimental phenomena was explained with the force model of the molten pool and the forming characteristics was investigated. Based on the results above, an algorithm for fabricating curved overhanging thin-walled part was presented and validated. Findings The force model and forming characteristics during the RWAAM process were investigated. Based on the result, the influence of the torch orientation on the weld pool flow was used to control the pool flow, then a practical algorithm for fabricating curved overhanging thin-walled part was proposed and validated. Originality/value Regarding the fabrication of curved overhanging thin-walled parts, given the influences of the torch angles on the deposited morphology, porosity formation rate and weld pool flow, the flexibility of 6-DOF industrial robot was fully used to realize instant adjustment of the torch angle. In this paper, the deposition point and torch orientation of each layer of a robotic fabrication path was determined by the contour equation of the curve surface. By adjusting the torch angle, the pool flow was controlled and better forming quality was acquired.

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Kareem, Ansar, Jaber Abu Qudeiri, Asarudheen Abdudeen, Thanveer Ahammed, and Aiman Ziout. "A Review on AA 6061 Metal Matrix Composites Produced by Stir Casting." Materials 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010175.

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In recent years, many alloys as well as composites of aluminium were developed for enhanced material performance. AA 6061 is an aluminium alloy that has extensive applications due to its superior material characteristics. It is a popular choice of matrix for aluminium matrix composite (AMC) fabrication. This study provides a review on AA 6061 aluminium alloy matrix composites produced through the stir-casting process. It focusses on conventional stir-casting fabrication, process parameters, various reinforcements used, and the mechanical properties of the AA 6061 composites. Several research studies indicated that the stir-casting method is widely used and suitable for fabricating AA 6061 composites with reinforcements such as SiC, B4C, Al2O3, TiC, as well as other inorganic, organic, hybrid, and nanomaterials. The majority of the studies showed that an increase in the reinforcement content enhanced the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites. Furthermore, hybrid composites showed better material properties than single reinforcement composites. The usage of industrial and agricultural residues in hybrid composites is also reported. Future studies could focus on the fabrication of AA 6061 nanocomposites through stir casting and their material characterisation, since they have great potential as advanced materials.

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Aoh, Jong Ning, Chih Wei Huang, and Wei Ju Cheng. "Fabrication of Al6061-AMC by Adding Copper-Coated SiC Reinforcement by Friction Stir Processing (FSP)." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1721.

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Friction stir processing (FSP) has successfully evolved as a technique in fabricating surface composite. An alternative technique on fabrication of a SiC-reinforced Al6061 aluminum matrix composite (AMC) by stirring copper-coated SiC particles into matrix to form a reinforced zone was developed. Copper film was deposited onto the SiC particles by electroless plating and by photodeposition processes. The copper coating serves as an adhesion and diffusion layer to enhance the cohesion between the particles and the matrix. It is to expect that the strength of the AMC could be improved. The uniformity of particle distribution in the stir zone (SZ) was improved by adjusting the location of particle insert and by a double-pass stir. T5 post weld heat treatment (PWHT) was conducted to retrieve the hardness and the strength of the SZ to the strength level of the matrix. While the submicron-thick Cu-coating was partially separated from SiC particles after FSP, photodeposition Cu-coating less than 100 nm thick exhibited a better adhesion to the SiC particles. The EPMA analysis across the interface shows evidence of interdiffusion between copper and aluminum which implies an enhanced cohesion between the particles and matrix. After PWHT, while the SZ containing photodeposition Cu-coated SiC exhibited the highest hardness among different SZs, the SZ containing electroless Cu-coated SiC exhibited the highest strength. The possible mechanisms for the improvement of the hardness and strength were discussed. In summary, the purpose of fabricating a locally particulate-reinforced Al6061 AMC by stirring Cu-coated SiC particles into Al6061 matrix was achieved. Keywords:Friction stir processing (FSP), particulate reinforced AMC, electroless plating, photodeposition, copper-coated SiC particles

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Li, Johnnieew Zhong, Mohd Rizal Alkahari, Nor Ana Binti Rosli, Rafidah Hasan, Mohd Nizam Sudin, and Faiz Redza Ramli. "Review of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing for 3D Metal Printing." International Journal of Automation Technology 13, no. 3 (May 5, 2019): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2019.p0346.

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Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a crucial technique in the fabrication of 3D metallic structures. It is increasingly being used worldwide to reduce costs and time. Generally, AM technology is used to overcome the limitations of traditional subtractive manufacturing (SM) for fabricating large-scale components with lower buy-to-fly ratios. There are three heat sources commonly used in WAAM: metal inert gas welding (MIG), tungsten inert gas welding (TIG), and plasma arc welding (PAW). MIG is easier and more convenient than TIG and PAW because it uses a continuous wire spool with the welding torch. Unlike MIG, tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) and plasma arc welding (PAW) need an external wire feed machine to supply the additive materials. WAAM is gaining popularity in the fabrication of 3D metal components, but the process is hard to control due to its inherent residual stress and distortion, which are generated by the high thermal input from its heat sources. Distortion and residual stress are always a challenge for WAAM because they can affect the component’s geometric accuracy and drastically degrade the mechanical properties of the components. In this paper, wire-based and wire arc technology processes for 3D metal printing, including their advantages and limitations are reviewed. The optimization parametric study and modification of WAAM to reduce both residual stress and distortion are tabulated, summarized, and discussed.

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ISHIDA, Tohru, Naohiro UCHIDA, Jotaro ETO, Akira MIZOBUCHI, and Yoshimi TAKEUCHI. "1108 Arc-Shaped Hole Fabrication inside a Hole by Means of Electrical Discharge Machining." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2015.8 (2015): _1108–1_—_1108–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2015.8._1108-1_.

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Manojkumar, Mr M. Siva, Mr D. Harshavardhan, and Mr K. Viswanath. "Study the Effect of Using Subordinate Grass Ash on Mechanical Properties in Fabrication of Ceramics." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 2081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18250.

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Chumpon, Pawarit, Phattharasaya Rattanawongkun, Nattaya Tawichai, Uraiwan Intatha, and Nattakan Soykeabkaew. "Fabrication of All-Cellulose Composite from Cotton Fabric via NaOH/Urea Solvent Using Vacuum Bagging-Assisted Process." Key Engineering Materials 889 (June 16, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.889.9.

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All-cellulose composites (ACCs) become growingly attractive materials in wide range applications due to its green profile, biocompatibility, and enable recycling. In this work, the ACCs was fabricated from cotton fabric (CF) by partial dissolution via aqueous NaOH/urea solution. The alternative ACC fabrication technique using vacuum bagging in the dissolution step was introduced in this study. SEM images confirmed that a vacuum aid during CF-ACC fabrication effectively improved the consolidation of resulting composites, showing better bonding and structure integrity. The CF-ACC prepared with vacuum bagging-assisted process showed almost two-fold enhancement in tensile strength as compared to another one prepared without vacuum bagging. The effect of dissolution time (15-45 min) on structure and properties of CF-ACCs was also investigated. The CF-ACC prepared with vacuum bagging at dissolution time of 15 min showed the highest tensile strength of 35.25 ± 1.39 MPa and elongation of 21.17 ± 1.46 %. The longer dissolution time, the larger portion of the crystalline fibers dissolved and converted into the amorphous matrix phase of CF-ACCs (confirmed by XRD). With longer dissolution times, the tensile strength of the prepared composites was decreased. However, it was found that with increasing dissolution time and using vacuum bagging in the fabrication of CF-ACCs could enhance their Young’s modulus values, indicating a greater interfacial adhesion gained in these composite structures.

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Sun, De Ming, Chong Hai Xu, Liu Bo Yang, and Jing Li. "Fabrication of the Composite Ceramic Material ACS." Advanced Materials Research 365 (October 2011): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.365.135.

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Based on the theory of thermodynamics, the chemical compatibility of the possible composition system of ceramic material Al2O3/Cr3C2/SiC (for short ACS) was analyzed. The results show that no chemical reaction could take place under 1800°C through Cr3C2, SiC and Al2O3. And it was tested by the fabrication of the Al2O3/Cr3C2/SiC composite with the hot pressing sintering technique. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of ACS are super than the Al2O3 ceramic.

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Wang, Lin, Xuefeng Shi, Yaqian Wu, Jian Zhang, Yuejun Zhu, and Jinben Wang. "A multifunctional supramolecular hydrogel: preparation, properties and molecular assembly." Soft Matter 14, no. 4 (2018): 566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm02358h.

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Zhang, Xiao Li, and Fu Sheng Tian. "Fabrication of Aluminum Clad Copper Tube by Planet Schràge Walzwerk Process." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1855.

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In the present paper, a fabrication process to roll-bonding aluminum clad copper tube(ACC) by Planet Schràge Walzwerk(PSW) has been introduced. Aluminum alloy(3003) as a outer tube layer and oxygen free copper(C12200) tube as a inner tube, were rolled to bond together using a PSW mill. Different specifications of ACC tube were selected to investigate the Al-Cu bonding layer thickness using scanning electronic microscope with EDX and bonding strength using peering test, and mechanical properties of ACC tube were also test. The experiment results indicated that Al-Cu composite layer is not only mechanical bonding but also metallurgical bonding with thickness of several micrometers. Moreover, tensile test indicated that the tensile strength of ACC was not less than 135 Mpa and elongation is about 35%, while peeling strength test showed that the two composite layers bond strength nearly arrived to 120 N/cm.

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Chu, Hsiao Yeh, Ming Hang Weng, Ru Yuan Yang, Chien Wei Huang, and Chien Cheng Liu. "Fabrication and Analysis of Nano-Aluminum-Induced Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Film." Materials Science Forum 594 (August 2008): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.594.96.

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In this paper, we successfully fabricate polycrystalline silicon films with very large and uniform-size grains by the method of nanometer thick aluminum induced crystallization (nano-AIC) on the a-Si:H film deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The effect of annealing ramp-up time is discussed. Four different annealing ramp-up time, 1,5,10,20 hours, are tested. The results show the maximum average grain size obtained in this paper is about 60 μm under the condition of 20-hour annealing ramp-up time. The nano-AIC specimens show a much better leakage current characteristics than the AIC specimens since the Al layer in AIC process is much thicker and was not removed completely from the polycrystalline silicon film during Al wet selective etching process.

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Maquin, Philippe, and Hisanori Kambara. "Reduction of Airborne Molecular Contamination on 300 mm Front Opening Unified POD (FOUP) and Wafers Surface by Vacuum Technology." Solid State Phenomena 145-146 (January 2009): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.145-146.139.

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With decreasing critical size of micro-electronic fabrication imposed by ITRS today, Front Opening Unified Pod (FOUP) has been designed to transport the silicon wafers in the 300 mm semiconductor fab to decrease the particles contamination, without taking the Airborne Molecular Contamination (AMC) and moisture problems into account. Various methods of AMC decontamination methods has been introduced in past, such as purging mini-environment with nitrogen, however the efficiency of its yield improvement capacity has not been proven. An ultimate AMC decontamination method with vacuum decontamination and passivation technology shows a very good efficiency on the AMC removal mechanism, with a direct impact on the yield improvement.

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Han, Seungkyu, Matthew Zielewski, David Martinez Holguin, Monica Michel Parra, and Namsoo Kim. "Optimization of AZ91D Process and Corrosion Resistance Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 6, 2018): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081306.

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Progress on Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques focusing on ceramics and polymers evolves, as metals continue to be a challenging material to manipulate when fabricating products. Current methods, such as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM), face many intrinsic limitations due to the nature of their processes. Material selection, elevated cost, and low deposition rates are some of the barriers to consider when one of these methods is to be used for the fabrication of engineering products. The research presented demonstrates the use of a Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) system for the creation of metallic specimens. This project explored the feasibility of fabricating elements made from magnesium alloys with the potential to be used in biomedical applications. It is known that the elastic modulus of magnesium closely approximates that of natural bone than other metals. Thus, stress shielding phenomena can be reduced. Furthermore, the decomposition of magnesium shows no harm inside the human body since it is an essential element in the body and its decomposition products can be easily excreted through the urine. By alloying magnesium with aluminum and zinc, or rare earths such as yttrium, neodymium, cerium, and dysprosium, the structural integrity of specimens inside the human body can be assured. However, the in vivo corrosion rates of these products can be accelerated by the presence of impurities, voids, or segregation created during the manufacturing process. Fast corrosion rates would produce improper healing, which, in turn, involve subsequent surgical intervention. However, in this study, it has been proven that magnesium alloy AZ91D produced by WAAM has higher corrosion resistance than the cast AZ91D. Due to its structure, which has porosity or cracking only at the surface of the individual printed lines, the central sections present a void-less structure composed by an HCP magnesium matrix and a high density of well dispersed aluminum-zinc rich precipitates. Also, specimens created under different conditions have been analyzed in the macroscale and microscale to determine the parameters that yield the best visual and microstructural results.

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Kumar, Ashish, and Kuntal Maji. "Bead Modelling and Deposition Path Planning in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Three Dimensional Parts." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.582.

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This paper presents investigations on the manufacturing of three-dimensional functional metallic parts through melting and deposition of stainless steel 430L wire material by a metal inert gas welding technique. Experiments were performed on wire arc additive manufacturing following face centered composite design of experiments considering voltage, current, electrode wire material feed rate and welding speed as inputs for modeling single bead geometry in terms of bead width, height, and cross-sectional area. Response surface models were built using the collected experimental data. Performance of the models in predicting the responses was found satisfactory. Models of single bead geometry were employed to calculate void and post-processing in fabricating three-dimensional parts following raster scanning deposition of multiple layers considering the different degree of overlapping and build directions. The theoretically estimated values of void and post-processing were verified through fabrications of two three-dimensional shapes. It was shown that the void and post-processing could be controlled by suitable selection of process parameters, the degree of overlapping between two beads and build direction.

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Afrinaldi, Bambang, David Natanael Vicarneltor, Reza Pahlevi Rudianto, Arif Rachman Hakim, and Opa Fajar Muslim. "Influence of Zinc Oxide Addition on Azodicarbonamide Thermal Decomposition in the Polyethylene/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Foaming Release." Materials Science Forum 1028 (April 2021): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1028.234.

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Thermal properties, i.e. melting point and decomposition temperature of polymers, azodicarbonamide (ADC), and other additives mixture, are the most important information to determine the appropriate foaming process parameters. ADC has been widely used as a blowing agent for foam fabrication. Here, ADC will decompose and release gas which will be trapped in the melting polymer to make a foamed product. Originally, ADC has a decomposition temperature at around 220°C. In this study, the effect of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) addition on the thermal properties of intermediate product and Polyethylene/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (PE/EVA) foam with ADC as the blowing agent was investigated. ZnO addition decreased the decomposition temperature of ADC. The thermal properties were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The result showed that the decomposition temperature of ADC significantly decreased from the temperature of 220°C to 170°C with the increment of the ZnO.

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Kassaee, M. Z., E. Motamedi, M. Majdi, A. Cheshmehkani, S. Soleimani-Amiri, and F. Buazar. "Media effects on nanobrass arc fabrications." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 453, no. 1-2 (April 2008): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.002.

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Rego, Gaspar, Paulo Caldas, and Oleg V. Ivanov. "Arc-Induced Long-Period Fiber Gratings at INESC TEC. Part I: Fabrication, Characterization and Mechanisms of Formation." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 4914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144914.

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In this work, we reviewed the most important achievements of INESC TEC related to the fabrication of long-period fiber gratings using the electric arc technique. We focused on the fabrication setup, the type of fiber used, and the effect of the fabrication parameters on the gratings’ transmission spectra. The theory was presented, as well as a discussion on the mechanisms responsible for the formation of the gratings, supported by the measurement of the temperature reached by the fiber during an electric arc discharge.

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DUFFY, E. A., K. E. BELK, J. N. SOFOS, G. R. BELLINGER, A. PAPE, and G. C. SMITH. "Extent of Microbial Contamination in United States Pork Retail Products." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.2.172.

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To determine the extent of microbiological contamination of U.S. pork, 384 samples of retail pork were collected from 24 stores in six cities, including (i) whole-muscle, store-packaged pork; (ii) fresh, store-packaged ground pork and/or pork sausage; (iii) prepackaged ground pork and/or pork sausage; and (iv) whole-muscle, enhanced (injected or marinated; 60% store-packaged, 40% prepackaged) pork. Additional samples (n = 120) of freshly ground pork and/or pork sausage were collected from two hot-boning sow/boar sausage plants, two slaughter and fabrication plants, and two further-processing plants. Samples were analyzed for aerobic plate counts (APC), total coliform counts (TCC), Escherichia coli counts (ECC), and incidences of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica. Mean log APC and TCC were highest (P < 0.05) for store-ground pork, while whole-muscle, enhanced products and pre-packaged ground products had the lowest (P < 0.05) APC. Mean log APC and TCC were higher (P < 0.05) in samples from the slaughter and fabrication plants than in samples from hot-boning and further processing plants. Mean log ECC were lower (P < 0.05) in samples from further-processing plants compared to slaughter and fabrication plants and hot-boning, sow and boar sausage plants. L. monocytogenes was detected in 26.7% of plant samples and 19.8% of retail samples and was present more frequently in ground products. Y. enterocolitica was detected most often in whole-muscle, store-packaged cuts (19.8%) and in store-ground product (11.5%). Salmonella spp. were found in 9.6% of retail samples and 5.8% of plant samples, while C. jejuni and C. coli were found in 1.3% of retail samples and 6.7% of plant samples. Pork products exposed to the most handling and processing appeared to be of the poorest microbiological quality. These results should be useful in risk assessments that are directed at the identification of actions that could enhance food safety.

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Franze, Peter, Germar Schneider, and Stefan Kaskel. "Wafer Container Monitoring Concerning Airborne Molecular Contaminations along a 300 mm Power Semiconductor Production Flow." Solid State Phenomena 314 (February 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.314.41.

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The focus of the study was to understand the behavior of airborne molecular contaminations (AMC) within the 300 mm wafer containers called front-opening unified pods (FOUPs) in a high-volume fabrication facility for power semiconductors of Infineon Technologies Dresden. A main goal was to implement new concepts and strategies to prevent the different power semiconductors from any yield losses driven by AMC. It could be shown, that there is a strong dependency of the concentration and the type of the determined contaminations on the investigated process steps.

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Hassan, Dalal, and Ahmed Hashim Ah-yasari. "Fabrication and studying the dielectric properties of (polystyrene-copper oxide) nanocomposites for piezoelectric application." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i1.1019.

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The preparation of (polystyrene-copper oxide) nanocomposites have been investigated for piezoelectric application. The copper oxide nanoparticles were added to polystyrene by different concentrations are (0, 4, 8 and 12) wt.%. The structural and A.C electrical properties of (PS-CuO) nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of (PS-CuO) nanocomposites decrease with increase in frequency. The A.C electrical conductivity increases with increase in frequency. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and A.C electrical conductivity of polystyrene increase with increase in copper oxide nanoparticles concentrations. The results of piezoelectric application showed that the electrical resistance of (PS-CuO) nanocomposites decreases with increase in pressure.

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Liu, Jun, Yan Qin Qiu, Cai Feng Chen, Ying Luo, and Ping Chen. "Fabrication and Piezoelectric Anisotropy of PFCs." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.204.

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PZT fibers were fabricated by extruding a mixture of PZT powder and sol. 1-3 piezoelectric composites and AFC were fabricated by arranging-cast technique. The piezoelectric anisotropy of piezoelectric composites was characterized. For PZT ceramic disk, the value of kt<kp, the piezoelectric response was mainly in radial direction. For 1-3 composites, the value of kt>kp, the piezoelectric response was mainly in thickness direction. The sensing and actuating experiment of AFCs indicated that the anisotropy of piezoelectric response was also obvious. The signal intensity of piezoelectric response was stronger in the direction of fiber length in both sensing and actuating experiment.

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Sizemore, J. M., and D. P. Rome. "Increased Duty Cycle for Plasma Arc Cutting Machines Through a Separated Automatic Plate Marking Station." Journal of Ship Production 5, no. 04 (November 1, 1989): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1989.5.4.207.

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Plate marking as currently practiced limits plasma arc cutting machine duty cycle. This, in turn, constrains plate fabrication process lane throughput. A separate automatic plate marking station which will significantly increase plasma arc cutting capacities is defined. A 60 to 100 percent increase in plate fabrication process lane throughput is anticipated while simultaneously reducing unit direct labor. The design is supported by technical feasibility demonstrations.

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Li, Jingyu, Xin Zhou, Yan Liu, Yanming Chen, Jun Zhang, Renzhong Huang, Jun Tan, Zhenggang Li, and Bing Yang. "Effects of Different Post-Treatments on Arc Erosion Resistance of Cold-Sprayed AgC Composite Electric Contact." Coatings 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030363.

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Graphite-silver (AgC) composite materials are widely used in outdoor high-voltage electrical switchgear due to their combining properties of excellent conductivity and outstanding arc-suppressing performance. However, the methods for fabricating AgC composite materials still have some limitations. In this study, the cold spray technique was adopted to deposit AgC composite coatings with the optimized parameters on the copper substrate. Then, AgC coatings were annealed in the furnace and treated by laser scanning, respectively, to further improve the arc erosion resistance performance of the coatings. The results show that the phase structure and electrical resistance of AgC coatings were not influenced by the post-treatment process. Furthermore, excellent hydrophobic performance was obtained after surface laser scanning treatment. The laser scanning treatment exhibited favorable advantages in enhancing the arc erosion resistance of AgC coatings, which indicated the lowest arc erosion rate compared with the cold-sprayed and annealed coatings.

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Zhou, Shukui, Ying Wang, Kaile Zhang, Nailong Cao, Ranxing Yang, Jianwen Huang, Weixin Zhao, Mahbubur Rahman, Hong Liao, and Qiang Fu. "The Fabrication and Evaluation of a Potential Biomaterial Produced with Stem Cell Sheet Technology for Future Regenerative Medicine." Stem Cells International 2020 (February 10, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9567362.

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To date, the decellularized scaffold has been widely explored as a source of biological scaffolds for regenerative medicine. However, the acellular matrix derived from natural tissues and organs has a lot of defects, including the limited amount of autogenous tissue and surgical complication such as risk of blood loss, wound infection, pain, shock, and functional damage in the donor part of the body. In this study, we prepared acellular matrix using adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) sheets and evaluate the cellular compatibility and immunoreactivity. The ADSC sheets were fabricated and subsequently decellularized using repeated freeze-thaw, Triton X-100 and SDS decellularization. Oral mucosal epithelial cells were seeded onto the decellularized ADSC sheets to evaluate the cell replantation ability, and silk fibroin was used as the control. Then, acellular matrix was transplanted onto subcutaneous tissue for 1 week or 3 weeks; H&E staining and immunohistochemical analysis of CD68 expression and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were performed to evaluate the immunogenicity and biocompatibility. The ADSC sheet-derived ECM scaffolds preserved the three-dimensional architecture of ECM and retained the cytokines by Triton X-100 decellularization protocols. Compared with silk fibroin in vitro, the oral mucosal epithelial cells survived better on the decellularized ADSC sheets with an intact and consecutive epidermal cellular layer. Compared with porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) in vivo, the homogeneous decellularized ADSC sheets had less monocyte-macrophage infiltrating in vivo implantation. During 3 weeks after transplantation, the mRNA expression of cytokines, such as IL-4/IL-10, was obviously higher in decellularized ADSC sheets than that of porcine SIS. A Triton X-100 method can achieve effective cell removal, retain major ECM components, and preserve the ultrastructure of ADSC sheets. The decellularized ADSC sheets possess good recellularization capacity and excellent biocompatibility. This study demonstrated the potential suitability of utilizing acellular matrix from ADSC sheets for soft tissue regeneration and repair.

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Kamioka, Toshihito, Syuhei Ishikawa, and Hiroyuki Sasahara. "Fabrication of Elbow Pipe by Direct Metal Lamination Using Arc Discharge While Maintaining the Molten Pool in a Horizontal Position." International Journal of Automation Technology 4, no. 5 (September 5, 2010): 422–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2010.p0422.

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Direct fabrication machines have recently been put to practical use for metal products. However, there have been some problems. The devices and usable materials are very expensive, there are limits to the materials, and the strength of the materials is inferior to that of bulk materials, among other problems. The present study aims at the development of a near net shape fabrication machine using an arc discharge that always keeps the molten pool horizontal during the accumulation of layers. This is in order to enable the fabrication of an overhanging shape with good accuracy. During the fabrication of the elbow shape, it is necessary to gradually change the torch velocity and the attitude of the molten pool. In this study, we tried to clarify the relationship between torch speed and layer thickness. Finally, the fabricated elbow tube is shown.

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Kim, Ji-Hyun, Sangmin Lee, Euigyung Jeong, and Young-Seak Lee. "Fabrication and Characteristics of Mesophase Pitch-Based Graphite Foams Prepared Using PVA-AAc Solution." Applied Chemistry for Engineering 26, no. 6 (December 10, 2015): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14478/ace.2015.1102.

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Savsani, Vimal. "Implementation of modified artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization technique for minimum cost design of welded structures." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 5 (2014): A11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2013008.

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Welded structures are widely used in many engineering load carrying structures such as columns, towers for wind turbine or water tanks, offshore and submarine structures, girders, stiffened doors, etc. welding is a costly fabrication process and proper sequence and welding process effect the cost of a huge structure. Keeping this in view two different problems from the literature for the cost optimization of welded structures are considered in this paper. The optimization procedure is carried out using artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization technique. Classical ABC is modified to increase the convergence rate of the original algorithm. Comparison of both the variants is experimented on many bench mark examples from the literature and also on two cost optimization problems of welded structures. The results of the considered techniques are compared with the previously published results. The considered techniques have given much better results in comparison to the previously tried approaches and also modified ABC has shown superiority over classical ABC.

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Andhika, Isya Fitria, Carissa Hertiningtyas, Ardian Aji, Alifia Desy, Teguh Endah Saraswati, and Patiha Patiha. "USE OF BATTERY CARBON AS ELECTRODES IN ARC DISCHARGE METHOD FOR FABRICATION OF CARBON-MODIFIED TIO2." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 10, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.10.2.542.186-194.

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Fabrication with carbon-modified TiO2 by arc discharge method in liquid medium has been studied. This research was performed in two steps including fabrication and characterization. This fabrication was done by arcdischarge method with graphite electrodes from dry cell batteries and liquid medium suspension of TiO2 in ethanol 30, 50 and 70 %. A strong current was applied to electrode as 10 -50 A (20-40 V). Nanocomposites formed on the liquid medium surface were collected and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to determine crystallinity, surface morphology and the constituent elements, respectively. XRD data shows that the most effective fabrication TiO2/Karbon by liquid medium in ethanol 50 % indicated from the formation of a new peak with high intensity of TiC on 2Ɵ= 36.02 °. SEM data shows that the morphology of each aggregated TiO2/Karbon compared to the morphology of TiO2. In addition, EDS data shows the presence of the element carbon, titanium and oxygen in the same area indicating that the successful formation of composite material between TiO2 dan carbon.

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Andhika, Isya Fitria, Carissa Hertiningtyas, Ardian Aji, Alifia Desy, Teguh Endah Saraswati, and Patiha Patiha. "USE OF BATTERY CARBON AS ELECTRODES IN ARC DISCHARGE METHOD FOR FABRICATION OF CARBON-MODIFIED TIO2." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 10, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.v10i2.542.

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Fabrication with carbon-modified TiO2 by arc discharge method in liquid medium has been studied. This research was performed in two steps including fabrication and characterization. This fabrication was done by arcdischarge method with graphite electrodes from dry cell batteries and liquid medium suspension of TiO2 in ethanol 30, 50 and 70 %. A strong current was applied to electrode as 10 -50 A (20-40 V). Nanocomposites formed on the liquid medium surface were collected and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to determine crystallinity, surface morphology and the constituent elements, respectively. XRD data shows that the most effective fabrication TiO2/Karbon by liquid medium in ethanol 50 % indicated from the formation of a new peak with high intensity of TiC on 2Ɵ= 36.02 °. SEM data shows that the morphology of each aggregated TiO2/Karbon compared to the morphology of TiO2. In addition, EDS data shows the presence of the element carbon, titanium and oxygen in the same area indicating that the successful formation of composite material between TiO2 dan carbon.

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Cheng, Zhen-Ying, Pan Yao, Yong-Jun Wang, Chen Chen, Li-Juan Chen, Rui-Jun Li, and Qiang-Xian Huang. "High-Precision Fabrication of Micro Monolithic Tungsten Ball Tips via Arc Discharge and the Taguchi Method." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091042.

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A micro ball tip is a core component of high precision coordinate measuring machines. The present micro ball tips cannot satisfy the high-precision measuring requirements of high aspect ratio microstructures due to their large diameter and low accuracy. In the previous study, we fabricated a micro monolithic tungsten ball tip by using arc discharge and surface tension principles. However, the fabrication success rate of forming a micro ball tip is less than 10%. In the present study, the Taguchi method has been applied to increase the fabrication success rate, and it has increased to 57.5%. The output response is evaluated in terms of the diameter, roundness, and center offset of the tungsten probe ball tips. The smaller-the-better signal-to-noise ratio is applied to analyze the influence of various parameters. The proposed parameters can be used to increase the fabrication success rate and accuracy of the monolithic probe ball tip.

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Martinez Holguin, David A., Seungkyu Han, and Namsoo P. Kim. "Magnesium Alloy 3D Printing by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)." MRS Advances 3, no. 49 (2018): 2959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.553.

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ABSTRACTMechanical properties similar to natural bone and good biocompatibility make magnesium a great option for its use as biodegradable implant material. The use of castings as fabrication technique brings inherent problems, such as segregation and void formation. Also, the architecture of the specimens created by using these techniques is limited. This study shows the implementation of WAAM for the fabrication of elements made out of AZ91D magnesium alloy (9% aluminium and 1% zinc). The results demonstrate that porosity or cracking only appears at the surface of the individual printed lines, while the central sections presents a void-less structure composed by an HCP magnesium matrix and a high density of well dispersed aluminium-zinc rich precipitates. EDS mapping confirms the presence of orthorhombic Al5Mg11Zn4 phase. Also, the relationship between the heat present in the system and the morphology of the lines is analysed.

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Wang, Xianhui, Hao Yang, Mei Chen, Juntao Zou, and Shuhua Liang. "Fabrication and arc erosion behaviors of AgTiB2 contact materials." Powder Technology 256 (April 2014): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2014.01.068.

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Shen, Yang, Mingkai Liu, Qianjin Wang, Peng Zhan, Zhenlin Wang, Qiangzhong Zhu, Xia Chen, Shaoji Jiang, Xuehua Wang, and Chongjun Jin. "Fabrication of non-planar silver nano-arc-gap arrays." Nanoscale 4, no. 7 (2012): 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2nr30152k.

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Kassaee, M. Z., F. Buazar, and E. Motamedi. "Effects of Current on Arc Fabrication of Cu Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/403197.

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Arc-fabricated copper nanoparticles (Cu Nps) size, morphology and the crystalline structure, as well as the yields of Nps appear sensitive to the applied currents (50–160 A) in distilled water. The results indicate that the sizes of Cu Nps are directly proportional to the currents employed. At 50 A, TEM, XRD, and SEM analyses show fabrication of relatively purest, the most dispersed, face-centered cubic (fcc) brown Cu Nps with rather smallest average size of 20 nm. At the same current, the TGA-DTA analysis reveals neither weight loss nor gain, indicating thermal stability of the fabricated Cu Nps.

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Moutab Sahihazar, Milad, Mina Nouri, Meisam Rahmani, Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi, and Hadi Kasani. "Fabrication of Carbon Nanoparticle Strand under Pulsed Arc Discharge." Plasmonics 13, no. 6 (June 5, 2018): 2377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11468-018-0764-9.

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ALGINO, R. J., G. A. BADTRAM, B. H. INGHAM, and S. C. INGHAM. "Factors Associated with Salmonella Prevalence on Pork Carcasses in Very Small Abattoirs in Wisconsin." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.4.714.

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture has expressed concern over Salmonella prevalence on pork carcasses. Our objectives were to survey the prevalence of Salmonella on pork carcasses in very small Wisconsin abattoirs, and identify processing conditions and indicator bacteria levels associated with reduced Salmonella prevalence. During April to July 2007, sponge samples were obtained from 181 pork carcasses at 10 Wisconsin abattoirs before carcass washing (carcass half A), and after washing and chilling and before fabrication (carcass half B). Each sample was categorized by whether the carcass was skinned, by wash-water temperature (7 to 43°C), and the duration (1 or 2 days), temperature, and percent relative humidity of chilling. Sponge samples were analyzed qualitatively for Salmonella and quantitatively for Escherichia coli, coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and aerobic plate count (APC). Salmonella prevalences on skinned and unskinned prewash carcasses were 11.7 and 8.3%, respectively. Corresponding values for chilled carcasses were 32.0 and 19.5% for 1-day chilled carcasses, and 11.4 and 14.7% for 2-day chilled carcasses. Lower Salmonella prevalence on prewash carcasses was significantly related to lower prewash carcass APC levels (odds ratio = 7.8 per change of 1.0 log CFU/cm2), while lower Salmonella prevalence on chilled carcasses was significantly related to 2-day chilling (odds ratio = 5.2), and chilled-carcass levels of coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and APC (odds ratio = 1.5 to 1.9 per change of 1.0 log CFU/cm2). Salmonella prevalence on chilled pork carcasses in very small Wisconsin plants could be reduced by chilling carcasses 2 days before fabrication and improving carcass-handling hygiene.

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Behera, Rajesh Kumar, Birajendu Prasad Samal, and Sarat Chandra Panigrahi. "Manufacture of die and their designing parameters for sintered AMC product." Matériaux & Techniques 107, no. 6 (2019): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2020009.

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The main goal in the advancement of composites with an aluminum metal matrix is to provide high performance and better mechanical properties from the currently available materials. Aluminium metal composite (AMC) can be researched and used in many industrial applications, such as manufacturing, aerospace, defense, pipelines and the automotive industry. The production of AMC is only possible with help of a suitable die in solid route of powder metallurgy process. Thus, the design of die is most important step in the process of powder metallurgy. The shape, size and design of the die directly influence the final AMC product. A number of steps and considerations like stress concentration and the propagation of cracks should be made for designing the die before its manufacture. The present work is made to attempt the fabrication and design of a cold compaction die with EN 10083 steel used for powder metallurgy process.

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Farooqi, Zahoor H., Tanzila Sakhawat, Shanza Rauf Khan, Farah Kanwal, Muhammad Usman, and Robina Begum. "Synthesis, characterization and fabrication of copper nanoparticles in N-isopropylacrylamide based co-polymer microgels for degradation of p-nitrophenol." Materials Science-Poland 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2015-0025.

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AbstractPoly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [P(NIPAM-co-AAc)] microgels were synthesized by precipitation polymerization. Copper nanoparticles were successfully fabricated inside the microgels by in-situ reduction of copper ions in an aqueous medium. The microgels were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Hydrodynamic radius of P(NIPAM-co-AAc) microgel particles increased with an increase in pH in aqueous medium at 25 °C. Copper-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [Cu-P(NIPAM-co-AAc)] hybrid microgels were used as a catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). Effect of temperature, concentration of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and catalyst dosage on the value of apparent rate constant (kapp) for catalytic reduction of 4-NP in the presence of Cu-P(NIPAM-co-AAc) hybrid microgels were investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. It was found that the value of kapp for catalytic reduction of 4-NP in the presence of Cu-P(NIPAM-co-AAc) hybrid microgel catalyst increased with an increase in catalyst dosage, temperature and concentration of NaBH4 in aqueous medium. The results were discussed in terms of diffusion of reactants towards catalyst surface and swelling-deswelling of hybrid microgels.

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Xu, Quan, Yao Liu, Chuangwei Liu, Ang Tian, Xiaoguo Shi, Chenbo Dong, Ying Zhou, and Hongjun Zhou. "Performance of hydroxyapatite coatings electrodeposited on micro-arc oxidized magnesium alloys using a static magnetic field." RSC Advances 5, no. 19 (2015): 14458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16511j.

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Camarero, David, Manal Lagziri, Kay Suenaga, Rodrigo Picos, and Eugeni Garcia-Moreno. "A Reconfiguration Method to Improve the Yield of Bandwidth-Limited Pipelined ADCs." International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2012010101.

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An off-line reconfiguration method is proposed for pipelined ADCs to improve their fabrication yield. Some nonlinearities generated by op amps in pipelined ADC stages depend on their bandwidth, while their equivalent input-referred errors depend on the stage position. From these premises, the method is conceived as a two steps process. During the first step, an alternate-test based technique determines the best stage, from the bandwidth point of view, as the front-end stage. In the second step, analog residue path interconnections and a stage scaling are configured according to the results from the first step. This method has been verified for a 10-bits ADC, designed in a 65 nm CMOS technology, by means of Monte Carlo simulations, with promising results.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fabrication by ASC'

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