Relevant bibliographies by topics / Facade analysis

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Facade analysis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Facade analysis"

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Leśniak, Agnieszka, and Monika Górka. "Structural Analysis of Factors Influencing the Costs of Facade System Implementation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 6021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176021.

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External facades of buildings and other structures shape the image of every building, creating the architecture of cities. Traditional concrete forms, as a symbol of durability and stability, have been replaced by lightweight enclosures—for example, in the form of aluminium–glass facades and ventilated facades. In this paper, the authors attempt to verify the strength of influence and relations between the identified factors shaping the costs of facade system implementation using structural analysis. On the basis of the collected quantitative and qualitative data obtained as a result of research on design documentation and cost estimates of implemented public buildings, as well as on the basis of interviews conducted among experts, factors which have a real impact on the costs of facade systems in the form of aluminium and glass facades and ventilated facades were identified. The indicated factors were analysed and classified using the method of structural analysis, namely the MICMAC method (refers to the French acronym for Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification). Particular influences and relations between factors were examined. Finally, six groups of factors influencing the costs of facade systems were identified, including regulatory factors that do not have a very strong impact on the level of costs, but which show a strong correlation with other factors; determinants that have a very strong impact on the costs; and a group of external factors that show the smallest influence on the estimation of façade cost.
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Liu, Chun, and André Gagalowicz. "Image-based Modeling of Haussmannian Facades." International Journal of Virtual Reality 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2010.9.1.2757.

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This paper describes techniques and algorithms for Haussmannian facade modeling. Although buildings are complex artificial objects which are difficult to interpret, Haussmannian buildings carry a more consistent typology and composition rhythm. By incorporating the architectural knowledge of the Haussmannian facade into an image analysis process, facade structure information can be automatically inferred. Moreover, in order to further refine the facade analysis, an image synthesis process is integrated and a feedback loop is created for producing more stable results. With this methodology, a solid technique and process for image-based modeling of Haussmannian or similar building facades have been established.
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Zhou, Zhiyu, Jian Kang, Zhe Zou, and Hanqi Wang. "Analysis of traffic noise distribution and influence factors in Chinese urban residential blocks." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 44, no. 3 (May 13, 2016): 570–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813516647733.

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To improve the acoustic environment of residential blocks, noise mapping is employed in this study to analyze traffic noise distribution and the influence factors of four types of residential blocks in China. The study shows that high-rise small blocks have the highest average noise level ( Lavg) for ground and building facades, followed by small low-rise blocks while modern residential blocks yield the lowest value. An analysis of the standard deviation (STD) of spatial statistical noise level ( Ln) shows that the STD of the ground and building façade of two types of small blocks is higher than that of other blocks. The analysis of influence factors indicates that the lot area of residential block has significant negative correlation with ground and building facade average noise level ( Lavg), and street coverage ratio (SCR) has significant positive correlation with ground and building facade average noise level ( Lavg). In low-rise and high-rise small blocks, ground space index (GSI) has significant negative correlation with ground and building facade average noise level ( Lavg); street interface density (SID) has significant positive correlation with the STDs of ground and building facade noise. Floor space index (FSI) shows significant positive correlation with the STDs of ground and building facade noise in low-rise small blocks.
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Zigmund, Viačeslav, and Darius Migilinskas. "Analysis of BIM Methodology Application for Masonry Facade Constructions." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, no. 5 (December 27, 2017): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1085.

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BIM methodology is one of the most effective solutions for the design of masonry veneer construction. BIM implementation in design of veneer facade gives a lot of advantages for architects, designers and masonry contractors. Every participant imagines the model of masonry veneer facades on their own way and use it for different tasks. The three main implementation stages of masonry veneer facades have been analyzed in this article. Using BIM information model analysis of implementation processes, mistakes and solution during the design, production and construction stages.
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Tokbolat, Serik, and Sarim Al-Zubaidy. "Analysis of Facade Redesign for Enhanced Satisfaction and Improved Building Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.845.

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The building envelope is known to be an important aspect of design and engineering of ultra-low energy buildings. The facade (building skin) could have the potential to redirect and filter daylight, influence frontal external wind intensity, provide natural ventilation, manage heat transfer, enhance occupant well-being, and create visual and physical connections between the inside and outside. The advances in facade technologies have been triggered in part by higher energy prices, stricter building codes, and higher occupant and owner expectations regarding the quality of the finished construction. This paper provides a comparative assessment of the effect of redesigning an existing building facade and other building improvements. It assesses the impact on external environmental conditions (wind speed and pressure) by employing computational fluid dynamics. The impact of these changes on occupant satisfaction was also gauged. It is hoped that this analysis will provide a framework for assessing benefits of improved facades in other buildings and applications
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Jalali, Sara, Danial Monsefi Parapari, and Mohammad Javad Mahdavinejad. "Analysis of Building Facade Materials Usage Pattern in Tehran." Advanced Engineering Forum 31 (February 2019): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.31.46.

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Clever decision making in the selection of building materials is a topic that focuses on important aspects of the building industry.‏ The materials used in the facade of the building not only affect the appearance of the building and the city but also affect the environmental, social, economic, energy efficiency and other kinds of aspects. Considering the importance of this issue, in this research, the city of Tehran‏ was studied in terms of building materials and tried to solve the problems of Tehran by identifying and analyzing the current situation. Statistical analysis was performed using R software packages version 3.5.0 and Microsoft Excel. The most important result of the data is that travertine has been identified as the most commonly used material in Tehran since the past 10 years. In this research, after examining the various types of materials used in the facade of the buildings in Tehran, we seek to discover the relationship between the type of building materials and the building age. In addition, after examining sample buildings, several common types of combinations of materials have been presented in the facades of Tehran's buildings. Keywords: building materials, building facade, travertine
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Rangkuty, Gladies Imanda Utami. "Architectural Typology of the Malay Chinatown Facade." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v3i1.874.

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Chinatown architecture in Bagansiapiapi is a major component of the Chinatown area as an identity with various facades influenced by local Malay culture. The growth and development of cities with economic orientation is often not in line with the understanding to maintain the image of the building, which has an impact on district transformation which can eliminate the existence of Chinatown architecture that currently exists or intersects with the city Commercial center. This can be seen in the changes in facade formation that took place on the Bagansiapiapi Perniagaan street. The typology of facade architecture of the Chinatown building was carried out with the aim of (i)Knowing the character of the facade shape of Chinatown facade, (ii)Getting the dominant formation in each of the facade forming element , so that Chinatown buildings can still be found. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, which is directed at describing and interpreting existing conditions. The analysis used by classifying facades on elements of Malay Chinatown architecture includes types of building dimensions, ownership and function modules, which are formed by facade components (roofs, vents, doors, windows, walls, and stilt construction). The findings of this study are the facade of the Chinatown building in Bagansiapiapi on the facade of formation elements that have dominance: 1) Module composition of the core dimensions (a) 1 function of the house floor with wood 2) The shape of the gable, the formation of plain rectangular windows and two long ornaments downward, the formation of the window extends downward by placing a balanced composition right and left, setting a horizontal wall, using a stilt construction. Keyword: Architecture of Chinatown, Facade Elements, Malay Architecture, Typology
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Yakovchuk, R., A. Kuzyk, O. Yemelyanenko, T. Skorobagatko, and O. Dobrostan. "ANALYSIS OF FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES IN CONSTRUCTION OF EXTERIOR WALLS FIT WITH FAÇADE HEAT INSULATION AND FINISHED WITH PLASTER." Scientific bulletin: Сivil protection and fire safety 1, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2019.2.67-73.

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The purpose of the work is to analyze fire prevention measures in structures of external walls with facade thermal insulation and plastering, as well as to analyze the features of their arrangement, taking into account the experience of neighboring countries. The application of exterior wall designs with facade thermal insulation with plaster finish, as well as problems related to their fire hazard, are substantiated. The works are analyzed to investigate the problems of fire safety of exterior wall structures with facade thermal insulation and plastering, as well as hinged facade systems. The types, design features, purpose and functions of fire belts and framing of window (door) openings made of non-combustible materials, which are arranged in exterior wall designs with facade thermal insulation and plaster finish, are considered and analyzed. The role of floor fire belts and the framing of window (door) openings made of non-combustible mineral wool boards have been established. It is concluded that the use of structures of the exterior walls of residential buildings with facade thermal insulation with a combustible insulation and plastering significantly increases their level of fire danger. This danger will depend both on the properties of the individual materials (in particular the insulation), and on the design features of the entire thermal insulation system and the building as a whole. For plaster systems of thermal insulation of facades, the rapid spread of fire on the higher and lower floors of the building is a big threat. Frequent causes of fire of thermal insulation systems of external walls is the tipping of fire from a window opening of a building as a result of intense fire indoors. Materials of decorative and protective finishing of walls should meet requirements of normative documents on designs of external walls with facade thermal insulation and plaster finish, and their constructive execution will depend on the height of the building and functional purpose of the object. Fire-fighting measures, foreseeing in the construction of exterior walls with facade thermal insulation and plastering, intended to ensure their fire safety during the time necessary for the safe evacuation of people from the building, the arrival of units of fire and rescue units and extending the fire throughout its distribution.
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Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad, and Sahar Mohammadi. "Ecological analysis of natural ventilated facade system and its performance in Tehran's climate." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 8, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_212.

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<p>Façade as the most outer part of building has very important role in building’s energy exchange and its thermal comfort.</p><p>Using of ventilated facade have been increased due to its positive points, including aesthetics, energy saving and sustainable approach so it is important to study its compatible in different climate conditions. In the present study to evaluate the effectiveness of this technology in Iran’s climate compared to conventional systems as well as the effect of other factors in improving its performance, five models of a building with different situations have been modeled in Design Builder software and samples were examined in terms of the amount of energy needed to achieve comfort conditions. The result was that buildings with ventilation facades use 40% less energy than the building with conventional facade system. Its effectiveness in improving the cooling performance is better than its performance in the heat and its performance in the southern facade and areas that are exposed to direct sunlight looks much better. Factors such as the effect of height and number of floors also have an impact on system performance.</p>
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Bröthaler, Thomas, Marcus Rennhofer, Daniel Brandl, Thomas Mach, Andreas Heinz, Gusztáv Újvári, Helga C. Lichtenegger, and Harald Rennhofer. "Performance Analysis of a Facade-Integrated Photovoltaic Powered Cooling System." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 4374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084374.

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Due to recent changing climate conditions and glazing of building facades, a rapid increase in the requirement of cooling systems can be observed. Still the main energy source for cooling are fossil fuels. In this article we report on a fully integrated approach of running a heat pump for actively cooling a test room by electric energy, generated by facade integrated photovoltaic modules, the “COOLSKIN” system. Photovoltaic facades are emission free in the operation phase, efficiently utilize otherwise unused surfaces, and portray a favorable method in terms of construction physics and the architectural design of buildings. Compared to existing systems, COOLSKIN is an entirely autonomous system where every component is located inside the facade structure which introduces a high level of plug and play character. In this article the analysis of the electric performance of the COOLSKIN system with respect to its operation under different environmental conditions is presented. The over all system efficiency was determined with 73.9%, compared to a simulated efficiency (PV*SOL) of 68.8%, and to the theoretically expected value of 85%. The system behavior is evaluated depending on photovoltaic output and the cooling demand. The analysis shows that a considerable amount of cooling demand could be decentrally fulfilled with photovoltaic energy, but environmental conditions as well as system layout have a considerable impact on system performance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Facade analysis"

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Gracia, Álvaro de. "Thermal analysis of a ventilated facade with phase change materials (PCM)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117144.

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L’objectiu d’aquesta tesis és el de analitzar el comportament tèrmic d’una façana ventilada amb material de canvi de fase macro encapsulat en el seu canal d’aire. L’ús de materials de canvi de fase incrementa la capacitat d’emmagatzematge d’energia tèrmica en la solució constructiva proposada, i intensifica l’emmagatzematge i l’operació de la façana ventilada a un rang de temperatures desitjat. El rendiment energètic d’aquest nou tipus de façana ventilada s’estudia de forma experimental per veure el seu potencial en reduir els consums energètics tant de calefacció com de refrigeració. Posteriorment, s’estudia mitjançant l’anàlisi de cicle de vida, quin és l’impacte mediambiental que suposa la manufactura i operació d’aquest sistema. Finalment, es desenvolupa un model numèric per optimitzar el funcionament i disseny d’aquesta façana. Aquest model numèric utilitza una nova correlació empírica de nombre de Nusselt, per al càlcul dels coeficients de transferència de calor entre el material de canvi de fase i el flux d’aire circulant per la cambra.
El objetivo de esta tesis es el de analizar el comportamiento térmico de una fachada ventilada con material de cambio de fase macro encapsulado en su canal de aire. El uso de materiales de cambio de fase aumenta la capacidad de almacenamiento de energía térmica en la solución constructiva propuesta, e intensifica el almacenamiento y la operación de la fachada ventilada a un rango de temperaturas deseado. El rendimiento energético de este nuevo tipo de fachada ventilada se estudia experimentalmente para ver su potencial en reducir los consumos energéticos tanto de calefacción como de refrigeración. Posteriormente, se estudia mediante el análisis de ciclo de vida, el impacto medioambiental que supone la manufactura y operación de este sistema. Finalmente, se desarrolla un modelo numérico que optimiza el funcionamiento y diseño de esta fachada. Este modelo numérico utiliza una nueva correlación empírica de número de Nusselt, para el cálculo de los coeficientes de transferencia de calor entre el material de cambio de fase y el flujo de aire circulando por la cámara.
The objective of this thesis is to analyse the thermal behaviour of a ventilated façade with macro-encapsulated phase change material in its air channel. The use of phase change materials increases the ability of thermal energy storage in the proposed constructive system, and enhances the storage and operation of the ventilated facade to a desired temperature range. The energy efficiency of this new type of ventilated facade is experimentally studied to determine its potential in reducing the energy consumption both for heating and cooling. Hereafter, the environmental impact of the manufacture and operation of this system is studied by a life cycle analysis. Finally, a numerical model is developed to optimize the operation and design of this facade. This numerical model uses a new empirical correlation for the Nusselt number to calculate the convective heat transfer coefficients between the phase change material and the air flow circulating in the chamber.
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Scharf, Alexander. "Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Wooden Facade-system Inspection." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-77159.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of measuring movement, deformation and displacement in wooden façade-systems by terrestrial laser scanning. An overview of different surveying techniques and methods has been created. Point cloud structure and processing was explained in detail as it is the foundation for understanding the advantages and disadvantages of laser scanning.    The boundaries of monitoring façades with simple and complex façade structures were tested with the phase-based laser scanner FARO Focus 3DS. In-field measurements of existing facades were done to show the capabilities of extracting defect features such as cracks by laser scanning. The high noise in the data caused by the limited precision of 3D laser scanners is problematic. Details on a scale of several mm are hidden by the data noise. Methods to reduce the noise during point cloud processing have proven to be very data-specific. The uneven point cloud structure of a façade scan made it therefore difficult to find a method working for the whole scans. Dividing the point cloud data automatically into different façade parts by a process called segmentation could make it possible. However, no suitable segmentation algorithm was found and developing an own algorithm would have exceeded the scope of this thesis. Therefore, the goal of automatic point cloud processing was not fulfilled and neglected in the further analyses of outdoor facades and laboratory experiments. The experimental scans showed that several information could be extracted out of the scans. The accuracy of measured board and gap dimensions were, however, highly depended on the point cloud cleaning steps but provided information which could be used for tracking development of a facade’s features. Extensive calibration might improve the accuracy of the measurements. Deviation of façade structures from flat planes were clearly visible when using colorization of point clouds and might be the main benefit of measuring spatial information of facades by non-contact methods. The determination of façade displacement was done under laboratory conditions. A façade panel was displaced manually, and displacement was calculated with different algorithms. The algorithm determining distance to the closest point in a pair of point clouds provided the best results, while being the simplest one in terms of computational complexity. Out-of-plane displacement was the most suitable to detect with this method. Displacement sideways or upwards required more advanced point cloud processing and manual interpretation by the software operator. Based on the findings during the study it can be concluded that laser scanning is not the correct methods for structural health monitoring of facades when the tracking of small deformations, especially deformations below 5 mm and defects like cracks are the main goal. Displacements, defects and deformations of larger scale can be detected but are tied to a large amount of point cloud processing. It is not clear if the equipment costs, surveying time and the problems caused by high variability of scans results based on façade color, shape and texture are in a positive relation to the benefits obtained from using laser scanning over manually surveying.
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Altahlawi, Naif Tarik. "Integrated Thermal and Daylight Performance Comparison of Single and Double Glass Skin Facade for Hot Climate Conditions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90783.

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Visual integration of the building interior and exterior is one of the charms of today's architecture. The Double-Skin facade system is a technology that can reduce the drawbacks of using glass in a building's elevation. In fact, the double-skin façade (DSF) offers transparency while reducing energy consumption when compared to single-skin systems in cold and moderate weather conditions. However, there is no clear evidence of how the system will perform in hot climate conditions. In this research, a testing procedure was established to experimentally evaluate the performance of the double-skin façade system, data was collected to create multiple regression models, and then evaluate the double-skin façade's performance and compare it to a single-skin system in hot arid climate conditions.
Doctor of Philosophy
Improving the quality of indoor environments is a main goal in today’s architecture. Towards this goal, the use of glass and curtain walls is common in office buildings. The building façade is a key factor for the amount of energy consumed to reach comfort levels in the building. That is, because facades influence lighting, glare, heat gain, noise safety and energy usage. Therefore, the use of glass improves transparency which can interfere with comfort levels inside the building due to solar heat gain. The Double Skin façade system is widely adopted in Europe and has been shown to reduce energy used for heating in cold weather. In winter, heat losses can be reduced as the system’s intermediate cavity acts as a thermal buffer. However, there is no clear understanding of how the system will perform in hot arid climate conditions where cooling is the dominant operating mode. A Double Skin Façade can provide shading during the overheating period, while having the desired glass elevations sought by designers. This is due to ventilation and solar control devices located inside the system’s cavity. Being placed between the interior and the exterior glass panels, solar control devices are protected from the weather, which in return decreases its size. Furthermore, the additional glass panel allows windows in the system’s inner layer to be opened for natural ventilation. Unfortunately, the performance of the Double Skin Façade system for hot arid climate is not well documented. Therefore, the primary goal of this research is to compare the thermal and light performance of the Double Skin Façade system to a single façade system for hot weather conditions.
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Baker, Nicholas. "Modelling and Analysis of Daylight, Solar Heat Gains and Thermal Losses to Inform the Early Stage of the Architectural Process." Thesis, KTH, Installations- och energisystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-222470.

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The EU building sector is a main contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, which need to be cut as part of the global response to anthropogenic climate change. This cut can be realised through improvements in building energy performance, such as optimisation of facade design. The early stage of the architectural process has been identified as the ideal time to implement such sustainable design choices. There is need for simple guidelines and tools to provide quantitative data to support these architectural decisions. BIM and parametric design can provide this, by facilitating model-based analysis and simulation, as part of an unbroken flow of information through the design process. This study uses Dynamo (the visual programming add-in for Autodesk Revit) together with the Honeybee and Ladybug environmental plugins, to conduct daylight, solar heat gains and thermal losses analyses and simulations. The aim was to identify limitations and opportunities in using Dynamo-Revit, to establish an optimal range for glazing-to-wall ratio (GWR) and to provide some simple room-sizing guidelines for architects in the early stage of the design process. The Dynamo-Revit workflow was found to be effective for specific projects, but difficult to perfect for multiple different projects. An optimal range for GWR was found as 30-40% for east, south and west-facing rooms and around 50% for rooms facing only north. Results were tabulated, linking room orientation and depth with estimated daylight access, solar heat gains and thermal losses. The results were reasonable, but could be improved by the use of more sophisticated analysis and simulation techniques, which should be facilitated by forthcoming development of Honeybee and Ladybug in Dynamo.
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Ok, David. "Mise en correspondance robuste et détection de modèles visuels appliquées à l'analyse de façades." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00974556.

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Depuis quelques années, avec l'émergence de larges bases d'images comme Google Street View, la capacité à traiter massivement et automatiquement des données, souvent très contaminées par les faux positifs et massivement ambiguës, devient un enjeu stratégique notamment pour la gestion de patrimoine et le diagnostic de l'état de façades de bâtiment. Sur le plan scientifique, ce souci est propre à faire avancer l'état de l'art dans des problèmes fondamentaux de vision par ordinateur. Notamment, nous traitons dans cette thèse les problèmes suivants: la mise en correspondance robuste, algorithmiquement efficace de caractéristiques visuelles et l'analyse d'images de façades par grammaire. L'enjeu est de développer des méthodes qui doivent également être adaptées à des problèmes de grande échelle. Tout d'abord, nous proposons une formalisation mathématique de la cohérence géométrique qui joue un rôle essentiel pour une mise en correspondance robuste de caractéristiques visuelles. A partir de cette formalisation, nous en dérivons un algorithme de mise en correspondance qui est algorithmiquement efficace, précise et robuste aux données fortement contaminées et massivement ambiguës. Expérimentalement, l'algorithme proposé se révèle bien adapté à des problèmes de mise en correspondance d'objets déformés, et à des problèmes de mise en correspondance précise à grande échelle pour la calibration de caméras. En s'appuyant sur notre algorithme de mise en correspondance, nous en dérivons ensuite une méthode de recherche d'éléments répétés, comme les fenêtres. Celle-ci s'avère expérimentalement très efficace et robuste face à des conditions difficiles comme la grande variabilité photométrique des éléments répétés et les occlusions. De plus, elle fait également peu d'hallucinations. Enfin, nous proposons des contributions méthodologiques qui exploitent efficacement les résultats de détections d'éléments répétés pour l'analyse de façades par grammaire, qui devient substantiellement plus précise et robuste
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Ritz, Carolina, and Malin Mattsson-Mårn. "Utformningens betydelse för energiförbrukningen : En fallstudie av verksamhetsbyggnader." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28281.

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Purpose: The building sector accounts for 40 % of the total energy consumption in Sweden today, and the largest proportion is consumed during the operating phase. From the year 2020 and onwards, all new buildings should be erected as zero-emissionbuildings. The building’s design can reduce energy demands, but the current legal requirements do not favour energy-efficient designs. This study focuses on the design’s importance for the energy efficiency of buildings, i.e., energy-saving design. The impact of specific measures is difficult to calculate due to the complexity of reality. This study aims to highlight the measures that could reduce energy consumption in commercial buildings. Method: In order to provide answers to the issues stated in the report and to achieve the objective of the study, case studies are being conducted investigating three commercial buildings where deliberate decisions were made to use energy-reducing measures. Results and conclusions are based on qualitative interviews and literature studies. Findings: The energy-reducing design measures found to be of most importance used in the studied buildings are the form factor, the window portion and the thermal storage capacity. Moreover, significant savings are possible by carefully consider how solar energy can be limited or used in the building. Generally, buildings tends to become more technical, therefore technical knowledge early in the process is important to reach a good result. Economic incentives and clear objectives with right focus are also important for optimizing a building’s energy performance. The wording and the requirement levels in the Swedish building regulations highly controls the construction of energy efficient buildings. Implications: This study shows how energy efficient design is made today and provides an indication of what can be done and what should be prioritized. By imposing requirements on consumed energy instead of bought, energy efficient design could be favoured. Furthermore, this study suggests that a balance between windows, façade and solar shading are important energy-reducing measures. Regardless of selected energyreducing measures, a good performance is essential. Finally, this study shows that a methodical use of existing knowledge and technology makes a difference. Limitations: A lifecycle approach provides an overall picture of a building’s energy consumption. However, this study is based on the energy consumption during the operating phase. The result of this study does not take economic or aesthetic factors into account. This study is a comparative case study and is based on few but carefully matched cases. The selected cases are commercial buildings where deliberate decisions were made to use energy-reducing measures.
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Fojtík, Petr. "Letištní terminál." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-239964.

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My diploma thesis is focused on design and assessment of structural system of airport terminal. The design is processed in two options. Both of them has the same dimensions but structural system is changed. Floor plan is in the shape of part of annulus. Width of the hall is changing, in the middle of the hall is aproximatly 90 m. Length is 52,5 m, 10 m of this length is porch. Roof slope is 3° towards to the front of the hall.
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Hariri, Walid. "Contribution à la reconnaissance/authentification de visages 2D/3D." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0905/document.

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L’analyse de visages 3D y compris la reconnaissance des visages et des expressions faciales 3D est devenue un domaine actif de recherche ces dernières années. Plusieurs méthodes ont été développées en utilisant des images 2D pour traiter ces problèmes. Cependant, ces méthodes présentent un certain nombre de limitations dépendantes à l’orientation du visage, à l’éclairage, à l’expression faciale, et aux occultations. Récemment, le développement des capteurs d’acquisition 3D a fait que les données 3D deviennent de plus en plus disponibles. Ces données 3D sont relativement invariables à l’illumination et à la pose, mais elles restent sensibles à la variation de l’expression. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer de nouvelles techniques de reconnaissance/vérification de visages et de reconnaissance d’expressions faciales 3D. Tout d’abord, une méthode de reconnaissance de visages en utilisant des matrices de covariance comme des descripteurs de régions de visages est proposée. Notre méthode comprend les étapes suivantes : le prétraitement et l’alignement de visages, un échantillonnage uniforme est ensuite appliqué sur la surface faciale pour localiser un ensemble de points de caractéristiques. Autours de chaque point, nous extrayons une matrice de covariance comme un descripteur de région du visage. Deux méthodes d’appariement sont ainsi proposées, et différentes distances (géodésiques / non-géodésique) sont appliquées pour comparer les visages. La méthode proposée est évaluée sur troisbases de visages GAVAB, FRGCv2 et BU-3DFE. Une description hiérarchique en utilisant trois niveaux de covariances est ensuite proposée et validée. La deuxième partie de cette thèse porte sur la reconnaissance des expressions faciales 3D. Pour ce faire, nous avons proposé d’utiliser les matrices de covariances avec les méthodes noyau. Dans cette contribution, nous avons appliqué le noyau de Gauss pour transformer les matrices de covariances en espace d’Hilbert. Cela permet d’utiliser les algorithmes qui sont déjà implémentés pour l’espace Euclidean (i.e. SVM) dans cet espace non-linéaire. Des expérimentations sont alors entreprises sur deux bases d’expressions faciales 3D (BU-3DFE et Bosphorus) pour reconnaître les six expressions faciales prototypiques
3D face analysis including 3D face recognition and 3D Facial expression recognition has become a very active area of research in recent years. Various methods using 2D image analysis have been presented to tackle these problems. 2D image-based methods are inherently limited by variability in imaging factors such as illumination and pose. The recent development of 3D acquisition sensors has made 3D data more and more available. Such data is relatively invariant to illumination and pose, but it is still sensitive to expression variation. The principal objective of this thesis is to propose efficient methods for 3D face recognition/verification and 3D facial expression recognition. First, a new covariance based method for 3D face recognition is presented. Our method includes the following steps : first 3D facial surface is preprocessed and aligned. A uniform sampling is then applied to localize a set of feature points, around each point, we extract a matrix as local region descriptor. Two matching strategies are then proposed, and various distances (geodesic and non-geodesic) are applied to compare faces. The proposed method is assessed on three datasetsincluding GAVAB, FRGCv2 and BU-3DFE. A hierarchical description using three levels of covariances is then proposed and validated. In the second part of this thesis, we present an efficient approach for 3D facial expression recognition using kernel methods with covariance matrices. In this contribution, we propose to use Gaussian kernel which maps covariance matrices into a high dimensional Hilbert space. This enables to use conventional algorithms developed for Euclidean valued data such as SVM on such non-linear valued data. The proposed method have been assessed on two known datasets including BU-3DFE and Bosphorus datasets to recognize the six prototypical expressions
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Garcia, Robert. "Analyse architecturale informatisee de la face en norma lateralis : application aux protocoles chirurgico-orthodontiques." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA07GA02.

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Bordei, Cristina. "Face analysis using polynomials." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2259/document.

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Considéré comme l'un des sujets de recherche les plus actifs et visibles de la vision par ordinateur, de la reconnaissance des formes et de la biométrie, l'analyse faciale a fait l'objet d'études approfondies au cours des deux dernières décennies. Le travail de cette thèse a pour objectif de proposer de nouvelles techniques d'utilisation de représentations de texture basées polynômes pour l'analyse faciale.La première partie de cette thèse est dédiée à l'intégration de bases de polynômes dans les modèles actifs d'apparence. Nous proposons premièrement une manière d'utiliser les coefficients polynomiaux dans la modélisation de l'apparence. Ensuite, afin de réduire la complexité du modèle nous proposons de choisir et d'utiliser les meilleurs coefficients en tant que représentation de texture. Enfin, nous montrons comment ces derniers peuvent être utilisés dans un algorithme de descente de gradient.La deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur l'utilisation des bases polynomiales pour la détection des points/zones d'intérêt et comme descripteur pour la reconnaissance des expressions faciales. Inspirés par des techniques de détection des singularités dans des champ de vecteurs, nous commençons par présenter un algorithme utilisé pour l'extraction des points d'intérêt dans une image. Puis nous montrons comment les bases polynomiales peuvent être utilisées pour extraire des informations sur les expressions faciales. Puisque les coefficients polynomiaux fournissent une analyse précise multi-échelles et multi-orientation et traitent le problème de redondance efficacement ils sont utilisés en tant que descripteurs dans un algorithme de classification d'expression faciale
As one of the most active and visible research topic in computer vision, pattern recognition and biometries, facial analysis has been extensively studied in the past two decades. The work in this thesis presents novel techniques to use polynomial basis texture representations for facial analysis. The first part of this thesis, is dedicated to the integration of polynomial bases in the Active Appearance Models - a set of statistical tools that proved to be very efficient in modeling faces. First we propose a way to use the coefficients obtained after polynomial projections in the appearance modeling. Then, in order to reduce model complexity we proposed to select and use as a texture representation the strongest polynomial coefficients. Finally we show how in addition to the texture representation polynomial coefficients can be used in a gradient descent algorithm since polynomial decomposition is equivalent to a filter bank.The second part of the thesis concems the use of the polynomial bases for interesting points and areas detection and as a descriptor for facial expression recognition. We start by presenting an algorithm used for accurate image keypoints localization inspired by techniques of singularities detection in a vector field. Our approach consists in two major steps: the calculation of an image vector field of normals and the keypoint selection within the field both presented in a multi-scale multi resolution scheme. Finally we show how polynomial bases can be used to extract informations about facial expressions. Polynomial coefficients are used as descriptors in an facial expression classification algorithm
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Books on the topic "Facade analysis"

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Bartlett, Marian Stewart. Face image analysis by unsupervised learning. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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Bartlett, Marian Stewart. Face Image Analysis by Unsupervised Learning. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001.

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Daoudi, Mohamed, Anuj Srivastava, and Remco Veltkamp, eds. 3D Face Modeling, Analysis and Recognition. Solaris South Tower, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons SingaporePte Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118592656.

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Bartlett, Marian Stewart. Face Image Analysis by Unsupervised Learning. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1637-8.

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Meneghini, Fabio. Clinical facial analysis: Elements, principles, and techniques. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2012.

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Daijin, Kim. Automated face analysis: Emerging technologies and research. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2009.

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1936-, Huang Thomas S., ed. 3D face processing: Modeling, analysis, and synthesis. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

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Décrire la conversation en ligne: La face à face distanciel. Lyon: ENS, 2011.

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Jones, Ken. The social face of Buddhism: Activism and analysis. London: Wisdom, 1989.

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Kawulok, Michal, M. Emre Celebi, and Bogdan Smolka, eds. Advances in Face Detection and Facial Image Analysis. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25958-1.

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Book chapters on the topic "Facade analysis"

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Yang, Michael Ying, and Wolfgang Förstner. "Regionwise Classification of Building Facade Images." In Photogrammetric Image Analysis, 209–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24393-6_18.

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Shalunts, Gayane, Yll Haxhimusa, and Robert Sablatnig. "Segmentation of Building Facade Domes." In Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications, 324–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33275-3_40.

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Haugeard, Jean-Emmanuel, Sylvie Philipp-Foliguet, Frédéric Precioso, and Justine Lebrun. "Extraction of Windows in Facade Using Kernel on Graph of Contours." In Image Analysis, 646–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02230-2_66.

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Fathalla, Radwa, and George Vogiatzis. "Optimization of Facade Segmentation Based on Layout Priors." In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, 196–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64689-3_16.

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Zhang, Jiaxin, Tomohiro Fukuda, and Nobuyoshi Yabuki. "A Large-Scale Measurement and Quantitative Analysis Method of Façade Color in the Urban Street Using Deep Learning." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 93–102. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_9.

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AbstractColor planning has become a significant issue in urban development, and an overall cognition of the urban color identities will help to design a better urban environment. However, the previous measurement and analysis methods for the facade color in the urban street are limited to manual collection, which is challenging to carry out on a city scale. Recent emerging dataset street view image and deep learning have revealed the possibility to overcome the previous limits, thus bringing forward a research paradigm shift. In the experimental part, we disassemble the goal into three steps: firstly, capturing the street view images with coordinate information through the API provided by the street view service; then extracting facade images and cleaning up invalid data by using the deep-learning segmentation method; finally, calculating the dominant color based on the data on the Munsell Color System. Results can show whether the color status satisfies the requirements of its urban plan for façade color in the street. This method can help to realize the refined measurement of façade color using open source data, and has good universality in practice.
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Meneghini, Fabio, and Paolo Biondi. "The Aging Face." In Clinical Facial Analysis, 157–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27228-8_10.

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Gopalan, Raghuraman, William R. Schwartz, Rama Chellappa, and Ankur Srivastava. "Face Detection." In Visual Analysis of Humans, 71–90. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-997-0_5.

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Borgia, R., P. Degano, C. Priami, L. Leth, and B. Thomsen. "Understanding mobile agents via a non-interleaving semantics for facile." In Static Analysis, 98–112. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61739-6_36.

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Mou, Dengpan. "Performance Analysis." In Machine-based Intelligent Face Recognition, 141–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00751-4_8.

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Patras, Ioannis. "Face Pose Analysis." In Encyclopedia of Biometrics, 324–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_191.

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Conference papers on the topic "Facade analysis"

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Pearsall, N. M., and A. R. Wilshaw. "Performance analysis of the Northumberland building photovoltaic facade." In Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.1996.564358.

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Kozinski, Mateusz, and Renaud Marlet. "Image parsing with graph grammars and Markov Random Fields applied to facade analysis." In 2014 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2014.6836030.

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Hammoudi, Karim, Fadi Dornaika, Bahman Soheilian, Bruno Vallet, John McDonald, and Nicolas Paparoditis. "Recovering quasi-real occlusion-free textures for facade models by exploiting fusion of image and laser street data and image inpainting." In 2012 13th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wiamis.2012.6226763.

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Gosztonyi, S., M. Brychta, and P. Gruber. "Challenging the engineering view: comparative analysis of technological and biological functions targeting energy efficient facade systems." In DESIGN AND NATURE 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/dn100441.

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Machado Fagundes, Cristian Vinicius, Cauê Duarte Costa, Fábio Pinto da Silva, and Underléa Miotto Bruscato. "Facade hollow brick (cobogó) 3D scanning: natural light admission analysis and comparison with original digital 3D model." In XXII CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DA SOCIEDADE IBEROAMERICANA DE GRÁFICA DIGITAL. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/sigradi2018-1677.

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Kim, Dea Geon, Kwang Youm Kim, and Bok Kyu Kim. "Facade Cleaning Process Analysis and Evaluation for the Development of an Intelligent Robotic System for High-Rise Building Maintenance." In 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2011/0278.

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Wilkinson, E., and R. Boehm. "Shading Analysis for a Zero Energy House." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65017.

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Las Vegas, Nevada, is one of the country’s most rapidly growing cities. To accommodate this growth, a great deal of home building takes place in Clark County, where the city is located. Builders can sell virtually as many houses as they can construct. All of these houses require utility services that, in general, have to be developed. These, of course, include water, electrical power and natural gas. With the high cooling loads required in this environment, the summer demand peaks for electricity are particularly severe. This paper represents a case study of the effects of shading for a planned zero energy home for the Southern Nevada area. The main emphasis of the research is placed on the methods of energy conservation for residential construction type housing and considers the advantages of the use of two different types of horizontal shading for the given geographical location. The technique employed for the analysis is a computer simulation package Energy 10 version 1.6. The software allows modeling and simulating of building performance based on the inputs such as geographical location, building type, orientation, construction materials used, and others. The model selected for this study is a single-family one story, 1610 ft2 residential house with north facing facade.
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Aloisio, Angelo, Luca Di Battista, Rocco Alaggio, and Massimo Fragiacomo. "ANALYSIS OF THE FORCED DYNAMICS OF A MASONRY FACADE BY MEANS OF INPUT-OUTPUT TECHNIQUES AND A LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL." In 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120119.7035.18724.

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Buonomo, Bernardo, Oronzio Manca, Sergio Nardini, and Gianluca Tartaglione. "Numerical Simulation of Convective-Radiative Heat Transfer in a Solar Chimney." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20390.

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Solar chimney is a new method to produce electrical power. It employs solar radiation to raise the temperature of the air and the buoyancy of warm air to accelerate the air stream flowing through the system. By converting thermal energy into the kinetic energy of air movement, solar chimneys have a number of different applications such as ventilation, passive solar heating and cooling of buildings, solar-energy drying, and power generation. Moreover, it can be employed as an energy conversion system from solar to mechanical. A component, such as a turbine or piezoelectric component, set in the path of the air current, converts the kinetic energy of the flowing air into electricity. In this paper, a numerical investigation on a prototypal solar chimney system integrated in a south facade of a building is presented. The chimney is 4.0 m high, 1.5 m wide whereas the thickness is 0.20 m for the vertical parallel walls configuration and at the inlet 0.34 m and at the outlet 0.20 m for convergent configuration. The chimney consists of a converging channel with one vertical wall and one inclined of 2°. The analysis is carried out on a three-dimensional model in airflow and the governing equations are given in terms of k-ε turbulence model. The problem is solved by means of the commercial code Ansys-Fluent. The numerical analysis was intended to examine the effect of the solar chimney’s height and spacing. Further, comparison between radiative and non-radiative model is examined and discussed. Results are given in terms of wall temperature distributions, air velocity and temperature fields and transversal profiles for a uniform wall heat flux on the vertical wall equal to 300 W/m2. Thermal and fluid dynamics behaviors are evaluated in order to have some indications to improve the energy efficiency of the system.
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Uğur, Latif Onur, and Kadir Penbe. "Comparison of the Performance of “Unit Area Cost Method” (UACM) and “Unit Price Method” (UPM) Used in Estimating the Costs of the Reinforced Concrete Multi-Storey Housing Buildings." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021tr0033n6.

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Unit Price Method (UPM) and Unit Area Cost Method (UACM) are widely used in the cost of reinforced concrete multi-storey housing buildings. In this study, it is aimed to determine the cost estimation method with high performance (its use will provide an advantage to the estimator over the other) by comparing the cost estimates in the modeling by making “Regression Analysis” (RA), with the data of such struction. In the literature review, studies of equivalent and different structures were evaluated. In modeling; Number of rooms, floor area, total area, number of floors, floor height, facade area, facade void area, Bathroom/wc areas, balcony areas, building height are parameters. UPM and UACM based costs which were created with the data of 2020 of 41 similar structures (38 for modelling, 3 for tests) were used as independent variables, and cost models were created with linear regression analysis. The results were randomly selected and compared with test groups that were not used in these models, and the error rates and performances of the methods were tested. According to the comparison, in the UACM analysis, there was a high R2 value in 6 data and a low error rate in 8 predictions; In the UPM analysis, it was determined that an equally high R2 value and a low error rate occured in 7 predictions. As a result, UACM reached a better performance in finding the estimated cost; It has been observed that using it in cost estimation gives better results. However, even if UACM performed better, the difference in error rates is very low, at 2.7%.
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Reports on the topic "Facade analysis"

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Phillips, P. Jonathon, and Elaine M. Newton. Meta-analysis of face recognition algorithms. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6719.

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Wang, Jialu. Facile Methods for the Analysis of Lysophosphatidic Acids in Human Plasma. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2233.

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Bays, J. Timothy, David L. King, and Molly J. O'Hagan. Carbon-Type Analysis and Comparison of Original and Reblended FACE Diesel Fuels (FACE 2, FACE 4, and FACE 7). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1118119.

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Pollard, Kimberly A., Lamar Garrett, and Phuong Tran. Bone Conduction Systems for Full-Face Respirators: Speech Intelligibility Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada600090.

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Socolinsky, Diego A., and Andrea Selinger. A Comparative Analysis of Face Recognition Performance With Visible and Thermal Infrared Imagery. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada453159.

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Dempsey, Terri L. Handling the Qualitative Side of Mixed Methods Research: A Multisite, Team-Based High School Education Evaluation Study. RTI Press, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.mr.0039.1809.

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Attention to mixed methods studies research has increased in recent years, particularly among funding agencies that increasingly require a mixed methods approach for program evaluation. At the same time, researchers operating within large-scale, rapid-turnaround research projects are faced with the reality that collection and analysis of large amounts of qualitative data typically require an intense amount of project resources and time. However, practical examples of efficiently collecting and handling high-quality qualitative data within these studies are limited. More examples are also needed of procedures for integrating the qualitative and quantitative strands of a study from design to interpretation in ways that can facilitate efficiencies. This paper provides a detailed description of the strategies used to collect and analyze qualitative data in what the research team believed to be an efficient, high-quality way within a team-based mixed methods evaluation study of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) high-school education. The research team employed an iterative approach to qualitative data analysis that combined matrix analyses with Microsoft Excel and the qualitative data analysis software program ATLAS.ti. This approach yielded a number of practical benefits. Selected preliminary results illustrate how this approach can simplify analysis and facilitate data integration.
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Mark E. Kubiske. Final Harvest of Above-Ground Biomass and Allometric Analysis of the Aspen FACE Experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1073624.

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Williams, Dean N. 3rd Annual Earth System Grid Federation and 3rd Annual Earth System Grid Federation and Ultrascale Visualization Climate Data Analysis Tools Face-to-Face Meeting Report December 2013. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1124881.

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Liang, Jinghong, Yu Zhao, Yican Chen, Shuxin Zhang, Kaiyun Tan, Jingshu Zhang, Aerziguli Kakaer, and Yajun Chen. Face-to-face Physical activity incorporated with Dietary intervention may be the optimal intervention strategy for preventing obesity among children and adolescents ― Evidence from Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of 118 randomized controlled trials with 71,064 individuals. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.2.0072.

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Kim, Joseph J., Samuel Dominguez, and Luis Diaz. Freight Demand Model for Southern California Freeways with Owner–Operator Truck Drivers. Mineta Transportation Institute, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1931.

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This study evaluates the demand for truck-only toll lanes on Southern California freeways with owner–operator truck drivers. The study implemented the stated preference survey method to estimate the value placed by drivers on time, reliability, and safety measures using various scenarios geared towards assessing those values. The project team met face-to-face with owner- operator truck drivers near the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to understand the drivers’ perspectives regarding truck-only toll lanes on Southern California freeways. A data set containing 31 survey responses is obtained and used for statistical data analysis using analysis of variable (ANOVA) and two sample t-tests. The analysis results showed that 75.27% of the owner– operator truck drivers responded are willing to pay toll fees when they choose routes. The tolerated average toll fees are $13.77/ hr and $12.82/hr for weekdays and weekends, respectively. The analysis results also showed that owner–operator truck drivers will take truck-only toll lanes when they take the routes used in four comparisons out of six comparisons according to the three measures such as values of time, reliability, and safety, despite sharing a common origin and destination. The highest toll fee per mile on any day that drivers are willing to pay when the main factor being compared is value of time is $0.31/mile or $18.35/hr. The toll fees associated with reliability and safety measures are $0.30/mile or $8.94/hr and $0.22/mile or $11.01/hr, respectively. These results are meaningful for legislators and transportation agencies as the behaviors and route choice characteristics of owner–operator truck drivers help them better understand the utility and demand for truck-only toll lanes.
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