Journal articles: 'Facade panels'

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NIKOLAEV, S. V. "Stepped Facade Created Using Overlay Panels of External Walls." Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo, no. 10 (2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-10-13-21.

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During the sixty-year period of existence of domestic large-panel housing construction, this type of housing remains the most popular due to its affordability. The transition to flexible technologies for the production of panel buildings makes it possible to create high-quality and comfortable housing. However, there is some return to the construction of panel buildings with flat monotonous expressionless facades. The article describes a method for creating stepped facades using overlay panels of external walls, the connection of decorative external layers in which «overlap» is made. This makes it possible to create stepped facades in a simple technological way, hide part of the vertical seams, increase the output of products, and simplify the achievement of the desired apartment layout. The method is protected by a Eurasian patent. Keywords: stepped exterior panel, overhead exterior panel, «overlap» connection, loop precast-monolithic connections, stepped facade, apartment layouts, multi-hollow plates.

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Bouška, Petr, Radomír Pukl, Miroslav Špaček, Miroslav Vokáč, and Tomáš Bittner. "Mechanical Resistance of Triple Glass Facade Panels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 486 (December 2013): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.486.84.

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Loading tests of triple glazed facade panels with dimensions of 1.5 x 2.64 m were carried out. The purpose of the tests was to examine mechanical resistance of the glass panes, namely the deformations caused by a local load, to determine degree of interaction between the panes of triple glazing exposed to the loading action and to prove the load bearing capacity of the panels. This experimental investigations were accompanied by finite element analysis.

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Laiblová, Lenka, Tomáš Vlach, Michal Ženíšek, Jakub Řepka, and Petr Hájek. "Lightweight TRC Facade Panels with the LEDs." Key Engineering Materials 760 (January 2018): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.760.141.

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High performance concrete reinforced by technical textiles has found a wide range of applications in recent years. One of the most widespread is the use of this composite for the very thin facade panels of various shapes and technical solutions. This paper presents an unique way how to lighten the facade panels made of high performance concrete (HPC) reinforced by technical textiles, which are additionally equipped with LEDs, so that a sufficient distance can be watch programmed based image displays.

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Mustafa, Kazi Fahriba, Alejandro Prieto, and Marc Ottele. "The Role of Geometry on a Self-Sustaining Bio-Receptive Concrete Panel for Facade Application." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 7453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137453.

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Bio-receptivity refers to the aptitude of a material to allow for the natural growth of small plant species on stony surfaces with minimum external influence. Despite the numerous associated environmental benefits, the growth of mosses and lichens on facades has always been viewed as a negative phenomenon due to the random and shabby growth conditions. This research dealt with the design of a self-sustaining bio-receptive concrete facade system with an aim to create a more sustainable and green concrete for the construction industry. The research used surface geometry as a design variable to facilitate moss growth on concrete panels in an ordered and systematic manner. The exercise was an attempt to not only address the functional aspect of bio-receptivity but also its aesthetical quality, which has a primary influence on people’s perception of bio-receptivity and can promote mass use of this type of concrete material. The research was conducted in a top-down approach, where first, through design by research, six distinctly designed concrete panels were fabricated using adapted material composition (blast furnace cement with 75% slag, 0.6 water/cement, sand 0–4 mm and gravel 5–8 mm) as the boundary condition. The concrete mixture together with no curing policy resulted in highly porous concrete panels, suitable for bio-receptive properties. Next in the design validation phase, the influence of surface geometry/roughness on the water retention ability of the panels and the subsequent moss growth on the panels were evaluated through in vitro experiments. The water retention experiment of the panels was based on quantitative measurements for weight, relative humidity and temperature at several time intervals. The moss-growing experiment was carried out within an ideal greenhouse condition where the panels were initially inoculated with moss spores; the results were based on qualitative observation for a period of 4 months. According to the comparative analysis of these results, with the same material composition, Panel 2 showed the highest bio-colonization owing to its prominent surface geometry, whereas Panel 5 showed the least bio-colonization owing to its plain surface despite high absorption capacity. Thus, the role of geometry has been extensively proven in this research and as an outcome a set of general design guidelines have been formulated for a self-sustaining bio-receptive concrete facade panel, using geometry as a design variable for bio-receptivity.

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Elguezabal, Peru, Alex Lopez, Jesus Maria Blanco, and Jose Antonio Chica. "Assessment on the Efficiency of an Active Solar Thermal Facade: Study of the Effect of Dynamic Parameters and Experimental Analysis When Coupled/Uncoupled to a Heat Pump." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030597.

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The building sector presents poor performance in terms of energy efficiency and is looking for effective alternatives aimed at reducing the use of fossil fuels. The facade is a key element able to harness renewable energy as an Active Solar Thermal Facade (ASTF). The main purpose of this study is the assessment of a novel design concept based on a steel sandwich panel technology. The performance of the active system will be first addressed by a parametric study in order to analyze its behavior and secondly, by describing a real case based on an experimental test by connecting the active panels to a heat pump. The study shows the impact of solar irradiation and mass flow on the thermal jump achieved, while ambient and fluid inlet temperatures are the most influencing parameters in the efficiency of the facade. When coupled to the heat pump, results from a measurement campaign demonstrate a remarkable improvement in the performance of the ASTF. The results presented provide significant proof about the benefits of a synergetic combination of both technologies—solar facades and heat pumps—as efficient alternatives for the building sector, aiming to improve energy efficiency as well as reduce their dependence on non-renewable sources.

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Nikolaev, V. N., V. F. Stepanova, and A. V. Mikhailova. "Innovative Energy-Saving Sandwich-Panels for Industrial Construction." Stroitel'nye Materialy 787, no. 12 (2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0585-430x-2020-787-12-47-51.

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Today, large-panel housing construction occupies a leading position, both in terms of construction speed and sales, which contributes to an increase in the volume of precast concrete housing construction. Outdated series of large-panel houses do not meet modern requirements. Old faceless panel houses are gradually replaced by beautiful housing complexes with different types of facades. At present, in the technology of construction of panel houses from sandwich-panels, the relevant trend is to reduce the standard thickness of the facade layer of a three-layer sandwich-panel (GOST 31310–2015 “ Three-Layer Reinforced Concrete Wall Panels with Effective Insulation. General Technical Conditions”) from 70 mm to 40 mm or less. Panel houses require a reduction in metal consumption, material consumption and improvement of thermal characteristics. This requires the development and implementation of new materials. The use of such construction products made of composite materials as diagonal flexible composite connections, flexible mounting loops and composite reinforcement mesh will make it possible to reduce the thickness of the protective layer of concrete without compromising the stability of the structure under the influence of the external environment due to the high corrosion resistance of the composite, reduce the weight of the panel, reduce the cost of manufacturing a unit of panel, increase the energy efficiency of the panel, ensure long-term strength of enclosing structures – create an innovative energy-efficient reinforced concrete sandwich panel of the XXI century.

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Launay, Julien, Eric W. M. Lee, Rachid Bennacer, and Richard K. K. Yuen. "Analysis of factors affecting the performance of BIPV panels." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 84, no. 1 (October 2018): 10902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2018180176.

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We explore different methods of analyzing large and complex datasets related to building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). We use the data of the European RESSOURCES project obtained from ETNA, an experimental setup consisting of two full-scale replicas of residential homes featuring a double-skin facade. We show that classic data mining methods such as mutual information can be used to gain a better understanding of the physics behind BIPV systems and to highlight discrepancies between different experimental setups. We then use artificial neural networks to model the airflow inside a double-skin facade and quantify its contribution to the cooling and heating of buildings.

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Feng, Ruo Qiang, Ji Hong Ye, Yue Wu, and Shi Zhao Shen. "Seismic Response of Cable Net Facade." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.165.

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Shaking table tests and theoretical analysis were conducted to study of the seismic response of cable net facade. Firstly dynamic response of cable net façade under earthquake was investigated with shaking table test. Then a numerical simulation model of cable net façade was built for the dynamic analysis .And then with this model the seismic response was analyzed theoretically. The study indicates that: the seismic response of the cable net with glass panels and the cable net on most occasions are mainly decided by the symmetric modes, and the first vibration mode is dominant. The damping of cable net facade is mainly decided by glass panels.

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Martynov, Y., V. Nadolski, and F. Viarouka. "Testing of facade panels based on cassette profiles." Vestnik of Brest State Technical University. Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 1-2020 (May 4, 2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36773/1818-1212-2020-119-1-43-48.

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When designing modern enclosing structural systems, such qualities as reducing the complexity of installation, low weight, energy efficiency, aesthetic appeal and many others become more and more significant. Presented in this article new constructive solution of a self-supporting wall panel based on cassette profiles and profiled sheets combined into a single spatial design system to a large extent is able to meet these requirements. The article is devoted to the description, analysis and justification of a new constructive solution of a self-supporting wall panel based on cassette profiles; the design procedure was carried out using calculation methods, as well as using the basis of the results of tests in accordance with КP EN 1993-1-3; the data of experimental confirmation of the operability of the proposed structural system during load tests corresponding to the active wind pressure are presented.

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Correia, João R., João Ferreira, and Fernando A. Branco. "A rehabilitation study of sandwich GRC facade panels." Construction and Building Materials 20, no. 8 (October 2006): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.066.

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Řepka, Jakub, Tomáš Vlach, Lenka Laiblová, Petr Hájek, Michal Ženíšek, and Pavel Kokeš. "Thin Lightweight Panels Made of Textile Reinforced Concrete." Solid State Phenomena 259 (May 2017): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.259.238.

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Use of high performance concrete with reinforcement made of technical textile is increasing and new applications are being found. This paper presents new technology for the lightening of the panels made of textile reinforced concrete, which is being developed. The main focus of this research is to produce concrete elements suitable for use as facade panels with the least possible weight and environmental impact. Mechanical characteristics were measured on testing specimens with thickness of 18 mm with lightening representing 47% of their volume. Minimum thickness of concrete was 4 mm and therefore the reinforcement was covered by approximately 1.5 mm of concrete matrix. The strength of experimental test panels was measured in four-point bending stress test. Due to one-sided lightening and asymmetrical cross-section therefore, the tests were performed in both directions. For better interpretation of the results were the specimens of lightened panels tested alongside non-lightened specimens with the same thickness. Based on measured values, maximal dimensions of lightened facade panels were designed.

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Dorozhkina, Ekaterina, Alexander Pastukhov, Anastasia Averyanova, and Kirill Stepanov. "Eco-trends in the decoration of facades of houses of modern industrial series." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 05029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124405029.

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The purpose of the research is to study and systematize the solutions of facade structures for prefabricated and precast-monolithic construction. The article considers single-layer, two-layer and three-layer external wall panels. An analysis of design solutions was carried out in terms of ensuring energy efficiency requirements. Possible options for finishing buildings with external walls made of large-sized elements were analyzed, taking into account their design solutions. The scientific novelty of the article lies in considering the issue of facade decoration both from the point of view of architectural expressiveness and energy efficiency. It also compares the most common types of external wall panels based on the thermal characteristics and geometric dimensions of the materials used and, as a result, their economic feasibility. As a result of the analysis, it can be concluded that modern solutions for prefabricated external walls have great importance for the implementation of design solutions and finishing the facade of buildings from large-size prefabricated elements. The best indicators of all the options considered are the two-layer hinged and three-layer external wall panels.

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Amaral, Pedro M., Rui S. Camposinhos, and José C. Lello. "Natural Stone Testing Specification for a New Facade System." Key Engineering Materials 548 (April 2013): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.548.295.

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This paper discusses in detail the materials properties that should be evaluated for producing large prestressed natural stone cladding panels made of limestone, marble and granite. The work underlines the importance of having standard test procedures used to determine the stone properties employed in the design and dimensioning of prestressed panels. A case-study using 2 types of stones (granite and limestone) is presented to exemplify the application of the stone characterisation under the scope of the technical specification. When safety requirements consider the environmental aspects of the application, the design and dimensioning of the panels must consider the decay of the properties evaluated under the corresponding natural stone specification.

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Alba, M. D., M. Marrero, C. Leiva, M. V. Montes, and L. Vilches. "Empleo de paneles compuestos por subproductos de centrales térmicas en fachadas trasdosadas." Informes de la Construcción 64, no. 526 (March 12, 2012): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.10.042.

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Novotná, Magdaléna, Michaela Kostelecká, Julie Hodková, and Miroslav Vokáč. "Use of Textile Reinforced Concrete – Especially for Facade Panels." Advanced Materials Research 923 (April 2014): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.923.142.

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In recent years, textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is at the beginning of industrial production mainly in Germany and relates especially to facade panels and concrete footbridges. The subtle panels with a minimum thickness of coverage layer can be designed due to the textile reinforcement, which is resistant to corrosion. Furthermore, a long durability is expected in case of these structures. The textile reinforcement with the fine-grained ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) enables to produce concrete elements with a minimum thickness. Therefore, the concrete element with up to 70 % lower weight compared to element with conventional reinforcement can be produced and significant environmental savings can be achieved (reducing the consumption of non-renewable raw materials, transport energy, reduced dead load acting on the supporting structure, etc.).

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Tschegg, Elmar Karl, and Klaus Kreč. "Nondeformability of Ventilated and Mortar-Embedded Marble Facade Panels." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 24, no. 1 (February 2010): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000063.

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Mallasi, Zaki. "Designing with pixels: parametric thinking for patterning dynamic building facades." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 4 (May 20, 2019): 668–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-11-2017-0242.

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Purpose Advances in digital design tools enable exploration and generation of dynamic building facades. However, some processes are formally prescribed and manually driven to only visualize the design concepts. The purpose of this paper is to present a proactive framework for integrating parametric design thinking, paying particular attention to building facade patterning. Design/methodology/approach This work developed the PatternGen© add-on in Autodesk® Revit which utilizes an analytical image data (AID) overlay approach as a data source to dynamically pattern the building facade. The add-on was used to manipulate the placement rules of curtain panels on facade surface geometry. As means of validating this research model, a real-life design project has been chosen to illustrate the practical application of this approach. Feedback and observations from a short end-user questionnaire assessed qualitatively the facade patterning and panelization approach. Findings The proposed merge (or overlay) of AID images can be used as a parametric thinking method rather than just theory to generate and articulate dynamic facade design. The facade panelization responds to an AID that resembles design-performance data (e.g. solar exposure, interior privacy importance and aesthetics). Originality/value This work identifies a form of parametric thinking defined as the expression of geometrical relationships and its configuration dependent on the AID pixel Red Green Blue color source values. In this type of thinking, it explores the impact of the digital process and parametric thinking utility when driven by an AID overlay. The framework highlighted the practical application of AID pixel approach within a digital process to benefit both designers and computational tools developer on emerging design innovations.

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Schabowicz, Krzysztof, Paweł Sulik, and Łukasz Zawiślak. "Identification of the Destruction Model of Ventilated Facade under the Influence of Fire." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 22, 2020): 2387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102387.

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Ventilated facades are becoming an increasingly popular solution for external part of walls in the buildings. They may differ in many elements, among others things: claddings (fiber cement boards, HPL plates, large-slab ceramic tiles, ACM panels, stone cladding), types of substructures, console supports, etc. The main part that characterizes ventilated facades is the use of an air cavity between the cladding and thermal insulation. Unfortunately, in some aspects they are not yet well-standardized and tested. Above all, the requirements for the falling-off of elements from ventilated facades during a fire are not precisely defined by, among other things, the lack of clearly specified requirements and testing. This is undoubtedly a major problem, as it significantly affects the safety of evacuation during a fire emergency. For the purposes of this article, experimental tests were carried out on a large-scale facade model, with two types of external-facade cladding. The materials used as external cladding were fiber cement boards and large-slab ceramic tiles. The model of large-scale test was 3.95 m × 3.95 m, the burning gas released from the burner was used as the source of fire. The test lasted one hour. The facade model was equipped with thermocouples. The cladding materials showed different behavior during the test. Large-slab ceramic tiles seemed to be a safer form of external cladding for ventilated facades. Unfortunately, they were destroyed much faster, for about 6 min. Large-slab ceramic tiles were destroyed within the first dozen or so minutes, then their destruction did not proceed or was minimal. In the case of fiber cement boards, the destruction started from the eleventh minute and increased until the end of the test. The authors referred the results of large-scale test to testing on samples carried out by other authors. The results presented the convergence of large-scale test with samples. External claddings was equipped with additional mechanical protection. The use of additional mechanical protection to maintain external cladding elements increases their safety but does not completely eliminate the problem of the falling-off of parts of the facade. As research on fiber cement boards and large-slab ceramic tiles presented, these claddings were a major hazard due to fall-off from facade.

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Karmazínová, Marcela. "Concrete Reinforced by Glass-Fibre Mesh and Their Efficient Usage in Plated Façade Components Stiffened by Rib." Advanced Materials Research 743 (August 2013): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.743.67.

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The paper deals with the problems of the actual behaviour of glass-fibre-concrete (GFC) facade components stiffened by the rib. The results of loading tests of GFC plated panels subjected to the load simulating the effects of the wind pressuring or sucking are especially presented in the paper. Loading tests were oriented to the investigation of the actual behaviour of GFC component in the loading progress up to the failure, in particular with the accent to monitoring the strain mechanism in the loading process and subsequent the failure mechanism at reaching the ultimate load-bearing capacity. The particular test results in the form of the objective ultimate capacities obtained as the maximal loads at the failure give the important information on the properties of the plated facade panel composed of glass-fibre-concrete produced by the “splashing” method, namely in the relation to the physical-mechanical properties of the material and to the geometrical characteristics of the panel cross-section.

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Aliev, Semur Asif ogly. "Cladding panel material as the basis for the typological variety of hinged facade systems." Архитектура и дизайн, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2020.1.35714.

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  The article discusses the variety of facing panels of hinged façade systems. Typological classification was made on the basis of a variety of materials used for facing panels. The author identifies 6 groups of materials: clay, wood, cement, titanium dioxide, metal, special components. Analysis is conducted on the 18 names of facing panels according to the following characteristics: cladding material, exterior, image application technology, weight in kg / m2, attachment, durability, and manufacturer. The article determines 6 criteria and 2 requirements for ventilated facades. Based on the typology of the material, the author outlines advantages and disadvantages of certain types of facing panels. The article determines the criteria and requirements set for ventilated facades. Leaning on the provided typology of material, the advantages and disadvantages of individual types of facing panels for hinged façade systems are indicated. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the growing need for modern technologies and means to make buildings look architectural and expressive due to an assortment of combinations of facing materials in hinged ventilated systems.  The study reveals a wide variety of characteristics and types of facing panels. The market offer fully reflects the modern production technology capabilities with regards to construction materials. Despite a number of restrictions imposed by the normative acts, facing panels fully meet all the requirements, as the construct of hinged façade panels in general. Thus, is safe to say that facing panels fully satisfy the market demand. Titanium dioxide panels purify the air, which is in line with the current environmental trends contributing to emission reduction and environmental cleanup.

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Aliev, Semur Asif ogly. "Cladding panel material as the basis for the typological variety of hinged facade systems." Архитектура и дизайн, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.35714.

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  The article discusses the variety of facing panels of hinged façade systems. Typological classification was made on the basis of a variety of materials used for facing panels. The author identifies 6 groups of materials: clay, wood, cement, titanium dioxide, metal, special components. Analysis is conducted on the 18 names of facing panels according to the following characteristics: cladding material, exterior, image application technology, weight in kg / m2, attachment, durability, and manufacturer. The article determines 6 criteria and 2 requirements for ventilated facades. Based on the typology of the material, the author outlines advantages and disadvantages of certain types of facing panels. The article determines the criteria and requirements set for ventilated facades. Leaning on the provided typology of material, the advantages and disadvantages of individual types of facing panels for hinged façade systems are indicated. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the growing need for modern technologies and means to make buildings look architectural and expressive due to an assortment of combinations of facing materials in hinged ventilated systems.  The study reveals a wide variety of characteristics and types of facing panels. The market offer fully reflects the modern production technology capabilities with regards to construction materials. Despite a number of restrictions imposed by the normative acts, facing panels fully meet all the requirements, as the construct of hinged façade panels in general. Thus, is safe to say that facing panels fully satisfy the market demand. Titanium dioxide panels purify the air, which is in line with the current environmental trends contributing to emission reduction and environmental cleanup.

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Kohn, Bernard, Eduardo Terrazas, and Mario Fastag. "Architectural Precast Panels Glamorize French Embassy Facade in Mexico City." PCI Journal 43, no. 2 (March 1, 1998): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.03011998.14.20.

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Chira, Alexandru, Anuj Kumar, Tomáš Vlach, Lenka Laiblová, and Petr Hajek. "Textile-reinforced concrete facade panels with rigid foam core prisms." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 18, no. 2 (December 2, 2015): 200–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636215613488.

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Pastor, José M., Carlos Balaguer, Francisco J. Rodriguez, and Ramiro Diez. "Computer‐Aided Architectural Design Oriented to Robotized Facade Panels Manufacturing." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 16, no. 3 (May 2001): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0885-9507.00227.

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Manos, George C., Lazaros Melidis, Konstantinos Katakalos, Lambros Kotoulas, Anthimos Anastasiadis, and Christos Chatziastrou. "Out-of-Plane Flexure of Masonry Panels with External Thermal Insulation." Buildings 11, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080335.

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The combined seismic and energy retrofit of existing aged buildings represents a topic of importance for the building stock. The current study investigates the out-of-plane performance of a specific type of thermo-insulation scheme with panels attached on the external facades of multistory buildings. The investigation was carried out through flexure tests of prototype masonry specimens. From the comparison of their flexural performance, with or without thermo-insulating attachments, the influence of thermal insulation on the out-of-plane behavior of clay brick masonry is demonstrated. It was found that when the thermo-insulating attachment is in tension from such out-of-plane flexure of the masonry facade it performs in a satisfactory way and gives an increased flexural capacity for the assembly. The thermal insulating panels, although partially debonded from the masonry substrate at a limit-state, do not collapse, even when the masonry panel develops large flexural cracks. This is due to the presence of the used plastic anchors. When the thermo-insulating panel is subjected to compression during such an out-of-plane flexure the resulting increase in the out-of-plane load bearing capacity is relatively small. Based on these observations it can be concluded that such thermo-insulating panels may also lead to a less vulnerable seismic performance than that of the same masonry panel without this type of thermo-insulating attachment. This was also confirmed when the in-plane behavior was considered from a separate investigation already published. The employed numerical modeling was successful in simulating the most important aspects of the out-of-plane response of the tested masonry wallets with or without thermo-insulating attachments. The good agreement with observed performance as well as the general nature of this numerical simulation confirms its validity for further use.

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Pramono, Tri Joko, Erlina Erlina, Zainal Arifin, and Jef Saragih. "Pemanfaatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Pada Gedung Bertingkat." KILAT 9, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/kilat.v9i1.888.

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Solar Power Plant is one of the New Renewable Energy power plants. Solar panels can produce unlimited amounts of electrical energy directly taken from the sun, with no rotating parts and no fuel. In this study are optimize solar power plants using hybrid systems with electricity companies and the use of semi-transparent solar panels in high rise buildings to meet the burden of the building. The research will discussed about use of solar power plants using semi-transparent solar panels in multi-storey buildings. The solar panel used for the facade is a semi-transparent solar panel makes its function become two, that is to produce electrical energy as well as glass through which sunlight and can see the view outside the building without reducing the building's aesthetic value. In this study is the value of solar radiation taken from west is the lowest value in November 1.4 Kwh can produce energy PLTS 3,855 Kwh and the highest solar radiation in July amounted to 3.75 Kwh can produce energy PLTS 10.331 Kwh. From the utilization of this PLTS system, Performance Ratio of 85% was obtained using study of 36 panels on the 3rd to 5th floors, this system can be said to feasible.

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Wang, Hong Cao, Yong Ling Yu, and Li Hua Lv. "The Experimental Studies on Self-Heat Conserving Facade Panel with Waste Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 1521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.1521.

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This paper introduces the studies of self-heat conserving facade panel with abandoned polypropylene fiber. The optimum process conditions were studied. The tensile properties, bending and impact properties of external insulation panel were tested. The results show that when the hot-pressing temperature is 180°C , the tensile, bending and impact of external insulation panel are best. The optimum process is hot-pressing temperature of 180 °C, hot pressure of 10MPa, hot-pressing time 12 Min. The physico-chemical properties were tested. The results show that the data of each test is up to the china national standard .The heat insulation property was tested, the results show that the panels have good insulation performance. The wallboard is light and easy to transport. Because the raw material adopts recycled polypropylene fibers, the price is low and the insulation is good. Recycled fiber-plastic composite is filled with bright future prospects.

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Novotný, Michal. "Facade renovation – replacement and restoration of the panels in a monument protected object." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2017-0023.

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Abstract The article deals with problems of reconstruction of the facade and the associated problem of replacement or repair of the panels. In conventional buildings it is a smooth operation, but it is problematic in monument-protected objects. In the case of a common building, it is possible to choose any modern panels and simply replace them, but for historical objects we have to follow the claims and the rules of monument protection. In practice, it usually means the impossibility of use of modern panels, but at least a combination of old and modern technologies. Another possible solution to the problem is renovation, or repairs to the original state of the existing panels, of course with respect to the functionality of such panels. The implementation of such repairs must always be based on the technical and historical survey of the condition of the object and the repairs must be professionally designed. Subsequently, corrections are made, during which it is necessary to pay particular attention to observance of the technological procedures, rules and instructions particularly in terms of monument protection. However, the functionality of the works or elements made with regard to the quality of the environment within the building is not negligible. A common problem is the lack of control of technical requirements and functional requirements. Underestimation of the problems then leads to difficult repairs. The article points to the mistakes and problems of one such construction project on a historically protected chateau building.

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Novotný, Michal, and Barbora Nečasová. "Facade renovation - replacement and restoration of the panels in a monument protected object." MATEC Web of Conferences 146 (2018): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814603013.

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The article deals with problems of reconstruction of the facade and the associated problem of replacement or repair of the panels. In conventional buildings it is a smooth operation, but it is problematic in monument-protected objects. In the case of a common building, it is possible to choose any modern panels and simply replace them, but for historical objects we have to follow the claims and the rules of monument protection. In practice, it usually means the impossibility of use of modern panels, but at least a combination of old and modern technologies. Another possible solution to the problem is renovation, or repairs to the original state of the existing panels, of course with respect to the functionality of panels. The implementation of such repairs must always be based on the technical and historical survey of the condition of the object and the repairs must be professionally designed. Subsequently, corrections are made, during which it is necessary to pay particular attention to observance of the technological procedures, rules and instructions particularly in terms of monument protection. However, the functionality of the works or elements made with regard to the quality of the environment within the building is not negligible. A common problem is the lack of control of technical requirements and functional requirements. Underestimation of the problems then leads to difficult repairs. The article points to the mistakes and problems of one such construction project on a historically protected chateau building.

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Lavický, Miloš, Štěpán Karlík, and Jan Pěnčík. "Influence of Structural Design of Balcony Panels on the Course and the Size of Thermal Bridges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (January 2016): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.453.

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This paper is focused on the static and thermal protection issues of the balcony panels design. The projecting part of the balcony panel, which is from a static point of view an overhanging end of a simply supported beam, is exposed to the direct effects of climate variations. Insulation of projecting part of the balcony panel is simple, but rarely applicable in practice, mainly due to a thickness of this cantilever structure with thermal insulation and balcony floor structure and therefore difficult height arrangement at the entrance to the balcony and problematic realization of the facade. Therefore, thermal insulation is usually placed at the edge of a single-leaf masonry or in the place of thermal insulation, which is place of the biggest static loading on the overhanging part of balcony panel. Possible solutions of contradictory requirements of statics and thermal protection and the impact of structural design on the course and the size of thermal bridges in the building envelope are shown on the analysis of balcony panels.

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Lapidus, Azariy Abramovich, and Andrey Alekseevich Zhunin. "MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT FENCING STRUCTURES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING." Vestnik MGSU, no. 5 (May 2016): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2016.5.59-71.

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The investigations of thermal and technical features of enveloping structures show that at the present time the structures of outer walls with hinged ventilated facades are the most energy efficient. The facades with air space are widely used both in residential and in public buildings. In the recent years the problems related to energy efficient enveloping structures are being actively investigated. The problems of modern Russian and foreign energy-efficient facade systems, their technical and structural solutions and the main methods of their installation are reviewed in the article. The methods of solving the tasks of research are proposed and the obtained results are described. The development of organizational and technological solutions for sealing of joints of front panels during installation of ventilated facades by pre-assembly method was the basis of the method of solving of the problem. The obtained data together with the developed structural and technological solutions may become the base for the development of technical rules and regulations.

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Foroughi, Reza, Lindsay Mc Neil, and Soha Khazaeli. "Designing an Interactive and Energy Efficient Building Facade Using Photo Voltaic Panels." International Journal of Architectonic, Spatial, and Environmental Design 15, no. 1 (2021): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1662/cgp/v15i01/71-83.

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Byrdy, Aleksander, and Michał Kołaczkowski. "Environmental Impacts on the Strength Parameters of Mineral-Acrylic (PMMA/ATH) Facade Panels." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/134714.

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Composite mineral-acrylic panels consist in 80% of natural minerals produced from bauxite (aluminium hydroxides (ATH)) and in 20% from acrylic resin (polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)). This material due to high usability is widely used in interior finishes. Recently, the mineral-acrylic panels have been used as external claddings of buildings. So far, there are several dozen elevations realized worldwide. Due to the variability of the strength parameters of PMMA acrylic resins depending on the environmental influence, a number of tests on samples of mineral-acrylic panels to verify their suitability for use in climate conditions in Central Europe were performed. The studies determined the change of the material parameters after being subjected to aging process in conditions of high temperature, high relative humidity, freeze-thaw cycles, and UV radiation. In the studies parameters such as flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were measured at a reference temperature of 23°C. In raised and lowered temperatures only the tensile strength tests were conducted. Due to the lack of information in the available literature, the authors carried out tests of the temperature influence on the PMMA/ATH composite modulus of elasticity and flexural strength which is crucial in designing process.

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Cardoso, C., and S. Jalali. "Thermal Performance Characterization of a Modular System for Facade." Key Engineering Materials 634 (December 2014): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.634.62.

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The developed system corresponds to multifunctional prefabricated modular elements that combine an insulation layer with a cast coating material for exterior that can imitate stone or concrete. These systems need auxiliary elements of fixing to connect them mechanically to the structural wall of the building, in order to ensure its stability, using anchorage, profiles, rails, among others. The use of these systems connected to the coating interrupts the continuity of thermal insulation, causing additional heat losses through linear and point thermal bridges, having an detrimental effect on thermal performance of the system. The development of fixing of present multifunctional panels was based on the evaluation and adoption of appropriate solutions in order to minimize thermal bridges and reinforce the stability of the panel. For evaluation purposes some models are evaluated, with different connecting systems, configurations and different materials such as aluminium, stainless steel, galvanized steel and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) profiles. The quantification of thermal bridges, for evaluation of thermal performance, has been made using computing programs, HEAT2 and HEAT3. The evaluation of a system developed in this research work, i.e. incorporating profiles in thermal insulation, shows a good thermal resistance contributing significantly to the thermal insulation and energy conservation in building.

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Knera, Dominika, and Dariusz Heim. "Application of a BIPV to cover net energy use of the adjacent office room." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 6 (September 12, 2016): 649–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2015-0104.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential of the experimental building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) façade to cover net energy use in the adjacent office room. Electricity generated by PV panels was intended to cover the energy demand for the mechanical ventilation and the supplementary lighting. Analyses were performed for two orientations of the façade (east and west) and two occupancy profiles considering one or two employees per one office room. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted by carrying detailed numerical analyses of energy produced by the BIPV façade and its consumption in adjacent office room. Calculations of energy generated by PV panels were made using simulation programme ESP-r. Advanced model, used in analyses, take into account dependence of the main electrical parameters of photovoltaic cell from temperature. Findings The findings reveal that energy generated by photovoltaic panels during transitional and cooling seasons is sufficient for lighting and ventilation requirement. However during winter months BIPV facade can cover energy demand only for ventilation. Originality/value The paper provides an original analysis of experimental BIPV façade system as a source of on-site produced renewable energy to cover energy demand in offices building under certain climate conditions. The results reported in presented paper shows the potential of BIPV facades and display this potential in a context of building net energy balance.

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Studziński, Robert, Tomasz Gajewski, Michał Malendowski, Wojciech Sumelka, Hasan Al-Rifaie, Piotr Peksa, and Piotr W. Sielicki. "Blast Test and Failure Mechanisms of Soft-Core Sandwich Panels for Storage Halls Applications." Materials 14, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010070.

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In this paper, an experimental investigation is presented for sandwich panels with various core layer materials (polyisocyanurate foam, mineral wool, and expanded polystyrene) when subjected to a justified blast load. The field tests simulated the case for when 5 kg of trinitrotoluene (TNT) is localized outside a building’s facade with a 5150 mm stand-off distance. The size and distance of the blast load from the obstacle can be understood as the case of both accidental action and a real terroristic threat. The sandwich panels have a nominal thickness, with the core layer equal 100 mm and total exterior dimensions of 1180 mm × 3430 mm. Each sandwich panel was connected with two steel columns made of I140 PE section using three self-drilling fasteners per panel width, which is a standard number of fasteners suggested by the producers. The steel columns were attached to massive reinforced concrete blocks via wedge anchors. The conducted tests revealed that the weakest links of a single sandwich panel, subjected to a blast load, were both the fasteners and the strength of the core. Due to the shear failure of the fasteners, the integrity between the sandwich panel and the main structure is not provided. A comparison between the failure mechanisms for continuous (polyisocyanurate foam and expanded polystyrene) and non-continuous (mineral wool) core layer materials were conducted.

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Yılmaz, Emrah, Hakan Arslan, and Alper Bideci. "Environmental performance analysis of insulated composite facade panels using life cycle assessment (LCA)." Construction and Building Materials 202 (March 2019): 806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.057.

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Gattulli, Vincenzo, Gianluca Lampis, Giancarlo Marcari, and Achille Paolone. "Simulations of FRP reinforcement in masonry panels and application to a historic facade." Engineering Structures 75 (September 2014): 604–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.06.023.

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Li, Meng, Tao Ma, Jiaying Liu, Huanhuan Li, Yaling Xu, Wenbo Gu, and Lu Shen. "Numerical and experimental investigation of precast concrete facade integrated with solar photovoltaic panels." Applied Energy 253 (November 2019): 113509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113509.

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Gabelic, Smiljka. "Relief panels on a three-light window from Lesnovo. Proposing an interpretation of the semiotics of carved motifs." Zograf, no. 41 (2017): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zog1741157g.

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The paper explores the semiotic meaning of relief panels from a three-light window on the northern facade of the naos of the Church of Archangel Michael and St. Gavrilo of Lesnovo at the Lesnovo Monastery (1340/1341). Iconographically derived from tombstones and objects of everyday use, their geometrical and zoomorphic decoration seems to suggest that the ktetor and his family believed in the protective power of the symbols and signs carved on them.

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Kalús, Daniel, Jozef Gašparík, Peter Janík, Matej Kubica, and Patrik Šťastný. "Innovative Building Technology Implemented into Facades with Active Thermal Protection." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084438.

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The article focuses on the description of an innovative solution and application of active thermal protection of buildings using thermal insulation panels with active regulation of heat transfer in the form of a contact insulation system. The thermal insulation panels are part of a prefabricated lightweight outer shell, which together with the low-temperature heating and high-temperature cooling system creates an indoor environment. The energy source is usually renewable energy sources or technological waste heat. Research and development of an innovative facade system with active thermal protection is in the phase of computer simulations and preparation of laboratory measurements of thermal insulation panels with various combinations of energy functions. In the article we present theoretical assumptions, calculation procedure and parametric study of three basic design solutions of combined energy wall systems in the function of low-temperature radiant heating and high-temperature radiant cooling.

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Damian, Andrei, Marian Alexandru, and Tiberiu Catalina. "Numerical Evaluation of the Solar Collectors Selfshading Related to their Building Integration." Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering 13, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmce-2017-0011.

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AbstractIn view of the recent preoccupation at worldwide level, for the integration of the solar systems components within the building skin, we made a numerical investigation in order to assess the opportunity to implement a long string of solar panels along a horizontal or vertical building surface.The study analyses deals with the phenomenon of self-shading, which appears in the case of medium and large solar systems that use solar panels placed one behind the other, along the same row (individual string), but also under the shape of parallel rows (parallel strings). The study creates a mathematical instrument for the evaluation of the shaded surface depending on the location of the panels and the relative position of the Sun. The shading-caused energy loss is analysed along the one-year period, for each of the 12 months, while the panels are considered either placed on a horizontal surface such as a building terrace, or on a vertical surface, such as a building facade. The simulations are made for six Romanian cities located in different climatic zones, characterized by different levels of solar radiation.

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Cabrera, Adalberto Guerra, Dimitrios Ntimos, Nick Purshouse, and Shirley Gallagher. "IMPRESS BIM Methodology and Software Tools (iBIMm) for Façade Retrofitting Using Prefabricated Concrete Panels." International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling 6, no. 4 (October 2017): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2017100104.

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IMPRESS is a H2020 funded project that has developed prefabricated façade panels to reduce building energy demand. In order to accelerate and optimise the retrofit process, IMPRESS has developed an iterative design methodology (IDM), which incorporates all stages of the design-construct-install-operate process and aims to bring energy efficiency as early as possible in the design process. Three software tools have been developed for this purpose: (1) an online decision support software (DSS), to inform decision-making on which panel type is suitable for the building; (2) an interoperable data exchange server (IDES) to allow exchange of information related to the design, construction, installation and operation of the facade; and (3) an online management platform (OMP) for coordination through all stages. The merger of the design methodology and software tools is called IMPRESS BIM methodology (iBIMm) which enables design teams to make informed decisions based on building information models and provides a platform to monitor its performance during the operation stage.

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Bedon, Chiara. "Simplified Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB) Analysis of Glass Fins with Continuous Lateral Restraints at the Tensioned Edge." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (March 24, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6667373.

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Within multiple design challenges, the lateral torsional buckling (LTB) analysis and stability check of structural glass members is a well-known issue for design. Typical examples can be found not only in glass slabs with slender bracing members but also in facades and walls, where glass fins are used to brace the vertical panels against input pressures. Design loads such as wind suction give place to possible LTB of fins with LR at the tensioned edge and thus require dedicated tools. In the present investigation, the LTB analysis of structural glass fins that are intended to act as bracers for facade panels and restrained via continuous, flexible joints acting as lateral restraints (LRs) is addressed. Geometrically simplified but refined numerical models developed in Abaqus are used to perform a wide parametric study and validate the proposed analytical formulations. Special care is spent for the prediction of the elastic critical buckling moment with LRs, given that it represents the first fundamental parameter for buckling design. However, the LR stiffness and resistance on the one side and the geometrical/mechanical features of the LR glass members on the other side are mutually affected in the final LTB prediction. In the case of laminated glass (LG) members composed of two or more glass panels, moreover, further design challenges arise from the bonding level of the constituent layers. A simplified but rational analytical procedure is thus presented in this paper to support the development of a conservative and standardized LTB stability check for glass fins with LR at the tensioned edge.

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Kwen, Soon-Ho, Hyoun-Woo Shim, and Jong-Ho Ock. "A Study on the Problem Analysis and Quality Improvement in Fabricating Free-Form Buildings Facade Panels through Mock-up Panels Production." Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 12, no. 3 (May 31, 2011): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.6106/kjcem.2011.12.3.11.

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A. Radkevich, K. Netesa, and T. Tkach. "Trends in facade system overhaul based on the data analysis of procurement contracts via the PROZORRO public e-procurement system." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency, no. 45 (October 16, 2020): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2020.45.120-130.

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Obviously, it goes without saying that sustainable economic development and an increase in the cost of energy carriers require improvements in the energy efficiency of existing buildings and structures. For this reason, intelligent energy monitoring and searching for new methods aimed at improving the performance of buildings have been of utmost importance. One of the feasible solutions to improving the performance of existing buildings would arguably be the reduction in energy costs by increasing the insulating properties of their facade systems. This paper analyses the current trends in the overhaul of facade systems in Ukraine. The research results into facade system renovation conducted via the ProZorro public e-procurement system demonstrated that a significant number of repair works were the improvements in the thermal insulation properties of facade systems by means of mineral wool panels and plaster cladding. The percentage of this type of overhaul contracts reached 67% of the total number of investigated contracts. Facade insulation renovation using expanded polystyrene plates approximately made up 20%. The restoration works of an outer layer of façade systems, including plaster restoration, spot-priming, restoration of hard putty, plaster facing and painting works, revetment, etc., which do not impact the energy efficiency of a building, made up about 13% of the total number of contracts. The area of façade works in question averaged from 200 m2 to 1500 m2. Having compared the prices per one square metre of a façade system, the average cost for such works has been calculated in the range of 1500 UAH to 2000 UAH; while the cost of advanced works ranged from 3500 UAH to 4000 UAH. Given a short maintenance-free service life of 7-10 years of the corresponding systems and guided by cost-effectiveness reasons, it has been suggested replacing these facade systems with ventilated facade systems with thermal insulation and ceramic cladding. This façade system has proved to have a significantly longer durability and maintenance-free service life, while the initial investment costs will further increase the energy efficiency properties of a building. As the result, this will enable keeping energy operating costs to minimum, which will consequently increase the building’s cost-effectiveness and its compliance with current global trends in energy conservation.

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Mardaljevic, J., and A. Nabil. "Electrochromic glazing and facade photovoltaic panels: a strategic assessment of the potential energy benefits." Lighting Research & Technology 40, no. 1 (March 2008): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153507083906.

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Vitkalova, Irina, Anastasiya Torlova, Evgeniy Pikalov, and Oleg Selivanov. "Industrial waste utilization in the panels production for high buildings facade and socle facing." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302062.

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The research presents comprehensive utilization of such industrial waste as galvanic sludge, broken window glass as functional additives for producing ceramics for facade and socle paneling in high-rise construction. The basic charge component is low-plasticity clay, which does not allow producing high-quality products if used without any functional additives. The application of the mentioned above components broadens the resource base, reduces production cost and the mass of the products in comparison with the currently used facing ceramics. The decrease of product mass helps to reduce the load on the basement and to use ceramic material in high-rise construction more effectively. Additional advantage of the developed composition is the reducing of production energy intensity due to comparatively low pressing pressure and firing temperature thus reducing the overall production cost. The research demonstrates the experimental results of determining density, compressive strength, water absorption, porosity and frost resistance of the produced ceramic material. These characteristics prove that the material can be applied for high buildings outdoor paneling. Additional research results prove ecologic safety of the produced ceramic material.

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Enfedaque, A., D. Cendón, F. Gálvez, and V. Sánchez-Gálvez. "Failure and impact behavior of facade panels made of glass fiber reinforced cement(GRC)." Engineering Failure Analysis 18, no. 7 (October 2011): 1652–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2011.01.004.

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Wang, Weiyu, Zhenbao Li, Wenjing Wang, Zhiwu Li, and Hui Wang. "A Review on the Seismic Performance of Assembled Steel Frame-precast Concrete Facade Panels." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 690 (December 6, 2019): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/690/1/012003.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Facade panels'

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