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1
Baird, Andrew, Alessandro Palermo, and Stefano Pampanin. "Facade damage assessment of multi-storey buildings in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 44, no. 4 (December 31, 2011): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.44.4.368-376.
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The magnitude 6.3 earthquake that struck Christchurch on the 22nd February 2011 caused widespread damage to the multi-storey buildings within Christchurch’s central business district (CBD). Damage to the facades of these buildings was a clear contributor to the overall building damage. This paper presents the damage assessment of the facade systems from a survey of 217 multi-storey buildings in the Christchurch CBD. The survey covers only buildings greater than three stories in height, excluding the majority of unreinforced masonry facades, of which damage has been well documented. Since a building can have more than one type of facade system, a total of 371 facade systems are surveyed. Observation of facade damage is discussed and is presented in terms of its performance level. Trends in facade performance are examined in relation the structural parameters such as construction age and height.
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Farrokh Ghatte, Hamid. "Facade Damage Assessment of the Buildings in Bam, Iran 2003 and Kermanshah, Iran 2017 Earthquakes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1208, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1208/1/012042.
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Abstract One of the essential factors in buildings frontage is the continuity of the structural and building envelope parts. In this investigation, a comparison was made between Bam and Kermanshah earthquakes. A strong earthquake (magnitude 6.6) struck the city of Bam in southeast Iran on 26 December 2003, and similarly, another strong earthquake struck the city of Kermanshah (magnitude 7.3) in Iran on 12 November 2017. Damage in the facades of the buildings was a clear contributor to the overall building damage. This paper presents the damage assessment of the different facade systems from multi-story buildings in Bam and Kermanshah, Iran. The survey covers the buildings greater than three stories in height, excluding most unreinforced masonry facades. As far as a building can have more than one facade system, any facade systems are evaluated individually. Observation of facade damage is discussed and is presented in terms of its performance level.
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Vatin, Nikolai, Darya Nemova, Daria Marinenko, and Ekaterina Talan. "Characteristic and Application of Facade System ‘Polialpan’." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.80.
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The article is about ventilated system “Polialpan”. Article’s materials are based on estimated data, information taken from Media, different Internet resources, photo and video materials. The aim of the research is to show the possibility of improving of the housing stock, its reconstruction and modernization with using special façade system. It means that in this article we flush out the all details of this facade system. There is thermotechnical calculation, demonstrative that façade system “Polialpan” is satisfy the requirements of normative document. The cost analys is in it too, which is based on the specific residence building in Saint-Petersburg.
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Stanescu, Magdalena, Stanislaw Kajl, and Louis Lamarche. "Oversizing and HVAC system operation." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600082.
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This paper presents the monitoring results for the HVAC systems installed in a university building, which prove that oversizing is a real problem with existing systems. In our study, how the zones served by systems are grouped is a major cause of oversizing. This is particularly obvious when monitoring the systems serving the zones on a single facade; monitoring those in zones situated on two facades shows that additional reasons must also be considered as well. The monitoring presented in the paper is carried out on four systems, two serving zones on a single facade and two others serving zones located on two facades. Following the processing of the ensuing data, the results obtained show that the systems mostly function at between 55 and 65% of their design capacity. An analysis of these results indicates that a better design approach could reduce the total airflow rate of HVAC systems, reduce building energy consumption, and promote better systems operation.
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Leśniak, Agnieszka, and Monika Górka. "Structural Analysis of Factors Influencing the Costs of Facade System Implementation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 6021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176021.
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External facades of buildings and other structures shape the image of every building, creating the architecture of cities. Traditional concrete forms, as a symbol of durability and stability, have been replaced by lightweight enclosures—for example, in the form of aluminium–glass facades and ventilated facades. In this paper, the authors attempt to verify the strength of influence and relations between the identified factors shaping the costs of facade system implementation using structural analysis. On the basis of the collected quantitative and qualitative data obtained as a result of research on design documentation and cost estimates of implemented public buildings, as well as on the basis of interviews conducted among experts, factors which have a real impact on the costs of facade systems in the form of aluminium and glass facades and ventilated facades were identified. The indicated factors were analysed and classified using the method of structural analysis, namely the MICMAC method (refers to the French acronym for Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification). Particular influences and relations between factors were examined. Finally, six groups of factors influencing the costs of facade systems were identified, including regulatory factors that do not have a very strong impact on the level of costs, but which show a strong correlation with other factors; determinants that have a very strong impact on the costs; and a group of external factors that show the smallest influence on the estimation of façade cost.
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Radkevych, A. V., T. V. Tkach, and K. M. Netesa. "DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM FOR CHOOSING A RATIONAL FACADE SYSTEM OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS." Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, no. 6(90) (April 8, 2021): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2020/225268.
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Purpose. The authors aimed to form an algorithm for choosing a rational facade system for a specific construction site, taking into account climatic, organizational-technological and operational properties, applicable to use by any participant in the construction process. Methodology. The criteria for choosing a rational facade system were determined. The state of choosing and applicability of modern facade systems for new construction and overhaul in Ukraine was analyzed. Based on certain factors influencing the choice of the most rational facade system of a multi-storey residential or public building the authors formed a convenient and objective algorithm for choosing a facade system, taking into account the main features of the construction object, as well as operating parameters. The algorithm was adapted to practical application. Findings. The influence of the parameters of choosing facade system on the process of arrangement, operation and repair of the modern facade system is established. The obtained algorithm for choosing a rational facade system by an estimation of values of influence factors in activity of the leading design organizations of Dnipro was successfully tested. By passing the appropriate algorithms at the joint meetings of the designer, customer and contractor, the most rational facade systems were found for specific construction projects with significant objectivity of choice. The adaptability of the algorithm by discarding minor factors leads to increased visibility of the process of choosing a facade system. Originality. The regularity of the influence of a number of organizational-technological and operational factors on the process of choosing a rational facade system is established. The efficiency of determining the appropriate system for specific construction conditions has been increased, taking into account the peculiarities of operation and purpose of the building. Practical value. The participant of construction by passing a simple algorithm has the opportunity to clearly assess the influence of organizational, technological and operational factors on the choice of a rational facade system. By evaluating the parameters of the corresponding factors, the most rational facade system for a particular object was determined. As a result, the cost of operation of the facade system is significantly reduced while optimizing the duration of repair periods and improving the working conditions of the components of the facade system.
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Maltseva, Irina, Aleksandr Elokhov, Vitaliy Borisov, and Alexey Verkhovskiy. "Optimization of insulation in ventilated hinged facade systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927903002.
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The system of hinged ventilated facades is available for a long time and is now widely used in the construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings for various purposes. As practice shows, the problems associated with the operation of these facade systems are usually caused by mistakes in the design, selection of components and installation of the system. Ventilated facade is a multi-layered enclosing structure, which includes a layer of insulation. Mineral wool slabs are ideal for this facade system, as it has low thermal conductivity, resistance to temperature changes and excellent vapor permeability, which allows to fully open the potential of a ventilated air layer. In the article two ways of installation of thermal insulation are considered: single-layer and two-layer with different types of air interlayer: closed, weakly and strongly ventilated. In accordance with the requirements of Russian and European regulatory documents, the effect of gaps between the thermal insulation plates in a single-layer and two-layer design on the reduction of the heat transfer resistance of hinged facade systems with an air gap was estimated by calculating 2-dimensional temperature fields. The coefficient of thermotechnic uniformity was also defined. As a result, optimal variants of thermal insulation and types of bases for fixing thermal insulation are suggested.
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Bröthaler, Thomas, Marcus Rennhofer, Daniel Brandl, Thomas Mach, Andreas Heinz, Gusztáv Újvári, Helga C. Lichtenegger, and Harald Rennhofer. "Performance Analysis of a Facade-Integrated Photovoltaic Powered Cooling System." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 4374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084374.
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Due to recent changing climate conditions and glazing of building facades, a rapid increase in the requirement of cooling systems can be observed. Still the main energy source for cooling are fossil fuels. In this article we report on a fully integrated approach of running a heat pump for actively cooling a test room by electric energy, generated by facade integrated photovoltaic modules, the “COOLSKIN” system. Photovoltaic facades are emission free in the operation phase, efficiently utilize otherwise unused surfaces, and portray a favorable method in terms of construction physics and the architectural design of buildings. Compared to existing systems, COOLSKIN is an entirely autonomous system where every component is located inside the facade structure which introduces a high level of plug and play character. In this article the analysis of the electric performance of the COOLSKIN system with respect to its operation under different environmental conditions is presented. The over all system efficiency was determined with 73.9%, compared to a simulated efficiency (PV*SOL) of 68.8%, and to the theoretically expected value of 85%. The system behavior is evaluated depending on photovoltaic output and the cooling demand. The analysis shows that a considerable amount of cooling demand could be decentrally fulfilled with photovoltaic energy, but environmental conditions as well as system layout have a considerable impact on system performance.
9
Sajja, Subhash. "Facade Cleaning Robotic System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 3712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.4623.
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Alawsi, W. A. K., and V. M. Molchanov. "FACADE ARCHITECTURE OF ECO-FRIENDLY RESIDENTIAL CLUSTERS." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-2-55-71.
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It is necessary to improve the architecture quality of multi-storey residential clusters through increasing the aesthetic expressiveness of facades. Modern environmental technologies, for example, alternative energy sources used as facade elements, require a review of façade archirecture. The proposed methods allow evaluating the architectural expressiveness and harmony of facades to improve the structural composition of residential clusters. These methods involve the identification of qualitative characteristics of facades of multi-storey buildings in which environmental solutions are applied. The paper proposes the system of specific indicators, according to which the facade elements can be quantified. This method will increase the façade architecture using modern environmental technologies without high expenditures.
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Yakovchuk, R., O. Kahitin, V. Loik, O. Synelnikov, R. Halanchenko, and O. Vozniak. "ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE SPREAD OF FIRE BY THE STRUCTURE OF FACADE THERMAL INSULATION WITH VENTILATED AIR LAYER." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 24 (January 10, 2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.24.2021.07.
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Aim. The purpose of this work is to analyse the factors influencing the development and spread of fire on the surface of external walls with facade insulation with a ventilated air layer. As well as analysis of causes and consequences of fires on the examples of resonant fires to develop and implement optimal engineering solutions to prevent the ignition and spread of fire on the surface of such structures.Research methods. The system approach and several general scientific research methods are used in the work. The analytical research method was used to analyse domestic and foreign regulations, guidelines and technical documents, manuals, reference books, test reports and other literature sources, Internet information.Results. At present, hinged ventilated facades are widely used for insulation during the reconstruction and construction of new buildings not only in our country but also abroad. At qualitative calculation, selection of materials and installation of such systems of warming, problems with its operation do not arise. However, still, the main problem of such structures is to ensure their fire safety. The article considers the causes and consequences of burning ventilated facades on the examples of resonant fires of previous years, as well as analyses the risks that arise during a fire in such systems. The factors influencing the destruction of structural elements and the spread of fire on the surface of the facade systems of the building are identified.To increase the fire safety of buildings equipped with ventilated facade systems, it is necessary to develop additional fire safety measures, which should include a study of the conditions of flame spread on the facade structures and the fire hazard of their elements; improvement of test methods for facade systems; development of methods to reduce fire hazard and increase the fire resistance of both systems in general and their elements in conjunction with the whole set of fire prevention measures of the building. The paper proposes optimal engineering measures that prevent ignition and spread of flame on the surface of the hinged ventilated facade system and provide the necessary limit of fire resistance of such structures.
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Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad, and Sahar Mohammadi. "Ecological analysis of natural ventilated facade system and its performance in Tehran's climate." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 8, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_212.
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<p>Façade as the most outer part of building has very important role in building’s energy exchange and its thermal comfort.</p><p>Using of ventilated facade have been increased due to its positive points, including aesthetics, energy saving and sustainable approach so it is important to study its compatible in different climate conditions. In the present study to evaluate the effectiveness of this technology in Iran’s climate compared to conventional systems as well as the effect of other factors in improving its performance, five models of a building with different situations have been modeled in Design Builder software and samples were examined in terms of the amount of energy needed to achieve comfort conditions. The result was that buildings with ventilation facades use 40% less energy than the building with conventional facade system. Its effectiveness in improving the cooling performance is better than its performance in the heat and its performance in the southern facade and areas that are exposed to direct sunlight looks much better. Factors such as the effect of height and number of floors also have an impact on system performance.</p>
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Ibe, Ekaterina, Galina Shibaeva, Svyatoslav Mironov, and Danil Litvin. "Problems of thermal protection of two-layer external walls with hinged facade systems." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126302013.
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Currently, in the Republic of Khakassia, much attention is paid to research aimed at reducing air pollution due to fuel combustion. In this aspect, the issue of increasing the energy efficiency of buildings is relevant. The use of ventilated facade systems with an air gap makes it possible to improve the energy efficiency class of buildings and modernize the facades. However, these facade systems have weak points that require detailed and high-quality study. Often, design solutions are used that are used in warm climates without taking into account the peculiarities of a cold climate - frequent changes in temperature, humidity, wind loads, and other influences, which can lead to negative manifestations. Facade systems with a ventilated air gap must provide the ability to monitor the operability of all system elements and, if necessary, carry out repair and reconstruction work with minimal operating costs. The article presents an analysis of the thermal properties of an external fence using a hinged facade structure. The influence of installation defects and heat-conducting inclusions on the heat-shielding properties of the building envelope is shown. It was determined that during operation the moisture-windproof membrane loses its vapor-permeable properties.
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Umnyakova, Nina, Igor Bessonov, Alex Zhukov, and Ekaterina Zinoveva. "The effectiveness of facade systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800013.
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The article discusses the results of studying the thermotechnical properties and energy saving factors of insulation systems based on mineral wool products and products based on extruded polystyrene foam under conditions close to natural ones. The studies were carried out on the basis of the hypothesis according to which the heat-saving characteristics of the facade insulation systems are most dependent on the thermal resistance along the surface of the wall, on the thermotechnical uniformity of the insulating sheath and on the stability of the properties of the heat-insulating materials under real operating conditions. The implemented complex made it possible to establish that the smallest difference between the air temperature in the room and the surface temperature in the lower zone was achieved on a fragment of the building envelope with a mounted facade system with XPS as insulation. For the same type of facade system, the maximum heat transfer resistance in the lower zone of the building envelope was reached - 2.72 m2 ° C / W for the cold period of the year, which significantly exceeds the characteristics of the system of mounted ventilated facades with mineral wool thermal insulation in the corresponding zones. The factor of “additional warming” from the soil, which is used to justify the rejection of warming in the buried part of the structure, does not work in the cold season. Flooding at thezone with the junction of the wall with the soil significantly affects the values and nature of the distribution of operating humidity inside the insulation layers.
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A. Radkevich, K. Netesa, and T. Tkach. "Trends in facade system overhaul based on the data analysis of procurement contracts via the PROZORRO public e-procurement system." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency, no. 45 (October 16, 2020): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2020.45.120-130.
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Obviously, it goes without saying that sustainable economic development and an increase in the cost of energy carriers require improvements in the energy efficiency of existing buildings and structures. For this reason, intelligent energy monitoring and searching for new methods aimed at improving the performance of buildings have been of utmost importance. One of the feasible solutions to improving the performance of existing buildings would arguably be the reduction in energy costs by increasing the insulating properties of their facade systems. This paper analyses the current trends in the overhaul of facade systems in Ukraine. The research results into facade system renovation conducted via the ProZorro public e-procurement system demonstrated that a significant number of repair works were the improvements in the thermal insulation properties of facade systems by means of mineral wool panels and plaster cladding. The percentage of this type of overhaul contracts reached 67% of the total number of investigated contracts. Facade insulation renovation using expanded polystyrene plates approximately made up 20%. The restoration works of an outer layer of façade systems, including plaster restoration, spot-priming, restoration of hard putty, plaster facing and painting works, revetment, etc., which do not impact the energy efficiency of a building, made up about 13% of the total number of contracts. The area of façade works in question averaged from 200 m2 to 1500 m2. Having compared the prices per one square metre of a façade system, the average cost for such works has been calculated in the range of 1500 UAH to 2000 UAH; while the cost of advanced works ranged from 3500 UAH to 4000 UAH. Given a short maintenance-free service life of 7-10 years of the corresponding systems and guided by cost-effectiveness reasons, it has been suggested replacing these facade systems with ventilated facade systems with thermal insulation and ceramic cladding. This façade system has proved to have a significantly longer durability and maintenance-free service life, while the initial investment costs will further increase the energy efficiency properties of a building. As the result, this will enable keeping energy operating costs to minimum, which will consequently increase the building’s cost-effectiveness and its compliance with current global trends in energy conservation.
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Yakovchuk, R. S., A. D. Kuzyk, S. O. Yemelyanenko, and T. M. Skorobagatko. "FIRE SPREAD MECHANISM ON SURFACE OF CONSTRUCTION FIT WITH FAÇADE HEAT INSULATION BASED ON COMBUSTIBLE INSULANT AND FINISHED WITH PLASTER." Fire Safety, no. 34 (July 19, 2019): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.34.2019.16.
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The article is dedicated to the use of structures of external walls with facade insulation with plaster, which is widespread and popular in our country and abroad, as well as the problems associated with their fire hazard. The work of domestic and foreign researchers dealing with fire safety issues of facade systems has been analyzed. Classification of prefabricated systems of facade insulation is performed depending on the design decision, as well as on the main features in accordance with: the type of applied insulation material; a method of fastening a heat-insulating layer; composition of the base plaster layer; kind of decorative protective layer. The structure of prefabricated systems with complete sets of insulation with prefabrication of light, thick-layer plaster or fine-wares products is represented. The peculiarities of the processes that occur during combustion of the thermal insulation and finishing system of the outer walls of residential buildings are analyzed and revealed. Typical scenarios of fire spreading are presented with a surface of the design of external walls with a facade heat insulation with a fuel heater and a stucco coating. The mechanism of propagation of fire through a window opening by a surface of a facade heat insulation on the basis of foam polystyrene is described. The conclusion is made that the use of structures of exterior walls of residential buildings with facade insulation with combustible insulant and stucco coating significantly increases their level of fire hazard. This danger will depend on both the properties of individual materials (including insulant), as well as on the design features of the entire thermal insulation system and the building as a whole. For plaster systems, the thermal insulation of facades is a major threat to the rapid spread of fires on the floors above and below the building. The most common causes of thermal insulation fires is the transfer of fire from the windows during intense fire inside the rooms.
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Gelesz, A., and A. Reith. "Classification and re-evaluation of double-skin facades." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.2.2011.2.9.
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Abstract The construction of double-skin glass facades in Hungary has mainly design or acoustic motivations. The potential energy savings or risks of double-skin facades are, however, not commonly evident. This fact is not surprising if we notice that there is no widely excepted classification of these constructions. In the following article different facade typologies are compared (Pottgiesser, BBRI, Széll) and an attempt to develop a transparent classification system is made. Subsequently a few chosen facade types, which are expected to perform well in the Hungarian climate, are evaluated through computer simulation programs to serve as a guideline for the design on climates similar to the domestic one.
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Gulck, Lisa Van, Eline Leenknecht, Emiel Debusseré, Jona Van Steenkiste, Marijke Steeman, and Nathan Van Den Bossche. "Development of a circularity assessment method for facade systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 855, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/855/1/012008.
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Various authorities identify the circular building strategy as the best way to reduce the environmental impact of the building sector. The EURECA project aims to develop a circular facade system for the renovation of high-rise buildings. The circularity of the facade systems proposed within the project should be evaluated in an objective manner. Current circularity assessment methods exist, however, they appear unfit to evaluate facade systems at an early design stage. Based on the analysis of existing assessment methods a new circularity assessment method is developed. The developed method allows to measure the circularity on element level with a limited amount of required information, allowing early stage decision-making. The method considers the parameters recycling, environmental cost, expected service life, component dependency, layer dependency and flexibility for reuse. The method is tested on four facade renovation systems: standard ETICS, circular ETICS, ventilated facade with rigid insulation and ventilated facade with flexible insulation. The circularity of each system can be represented by a radar chart, giving the score per parameter, or by a single score. In addition to the circular aspect, the financial aspect is added in the evaluation of the facade systems by using the Pareto front method.
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Kučeriková, Veronika, Denisa Donová, and Darja Kubečková. "The Influence of Additional Insulation of Facades to their Aesthetic Devaluation by Vegetation of Algae, Fungi and Cyanobacteria." Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (January 2016): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.156.
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The purpose of the facade insulation is to reduce transmission heat loss from the heated interior to exterior. After some time, it can be said that the insulation of the building envelope served its purpose and significantly reduce heat use for heating of insulated buildings. Time, however, showed the risks of external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS). One side effect of reducing transmission heat loss of buildings by using of ETICS can be considerable aesthetic devaluation of facades. Sometimes façade with ETICS become a suitable substrate for the growth of microorganisms. These are algae, fungi and cyanobacteria, which creates unsightly green and black growths on facades. The article deals with the connection between thermal insulation of external walls and the presence of vegetation microorganisms.
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Levinskytė, Aurelija, Raimondas Bliūdžius, Arūnas Burlingis, and Tomas Makaveckas. "Dependencies of heat transmittance through the ventilated wall system on thermal conductivity of connectors crossing thermal insulation layer." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202089.
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The ventilated facade systems are widely used for improvement of energy efficiency and reducing of heat losses of newly built buildings and for existing buildings. To reduce the influence of point thermal bridges on heat transfer through the ventilated facades, previous often used aluminium alloy connectors as a change to stainless steel and reinforced plastic connectors. Different thermal characteristics of connectors using in ventilated facade systems, significantly influence the heat transfer coefficient of building’s walls. Previous empirical calculations of the heat transfer through ventilated facade walls with different connectors according to standard methodology and numerical modelling showed significant differences in results, therefore experimental research with the fragments of the ventilated facade systems were carried out using a guarded hotbox method. The aim of this experimental research was to analyse the heat flows through the ventilated wall system with different kind of heat-conductive connectors. Expanded polystyrene foam (λ – 0,031 W/(m∙K)) was used as thermal insulation material, thickness 300 mm, and three types of heat-conductive connections were installed: aluminum alloy (λ - 160 W/(m∙K)), stainless steel (λ - 17 W/(m∙K)) and glass fiber reinforced plastic (λ – 0,23 W/(m∙K)). The measurements in the guarded hotbox were useful for analysis of differences in results according to the standard and numerical calculations methods. The experimental studies showed that the results are very close to the numerical simulation results. The empirical calculation method gave similar results to the other two methods, except in the case of highly heat-conductive connectors.
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Gelbrich, Sandra, Carolin Petzoldt, Ralf Gliniorz, Andreas Ehrlich, and Lothar Kroll. "Interactive sandwich facade made of renewable resources." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817401026.
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This paper reports about the development and implementation of a free forming facade system, consisting of biobased sandwich elements. The build-up of the sandwich contains face sheets from natural fibre reinforced polymer (NFRP), using biobased epoxy resin and flax fibres, and a stuck cardboard core structure. Furthermore a formwork system was designed enabling biobased sandwich elements to be produced with special needs according to efficiency and architectural design. As a result, the biobased and sustainable sandwich elements exhibit low system weight, high sound reduction and sufficient load capacity for the use of facade elements. Additionally LED-stripes were integrated for illuminating the facade elements. Because of the regular pattern of the stuck cardboard core and the translucent face sheet laminates the facade works like a screen on which each created pixel can be controlled in rgb-colours. Therefore an area of 10 m x 5 m biobased sandwich facade with 25 elements is planned as a reference object in Chemnitz, forming a facade with 100 x 48 pixels. In summary the illuminated biobased sandwich elements produced with an efficient technology of production and with the use of renewable resources can replace extensively 3D-formed customary facade systems.
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Kopyłow, Ołeksij. "Ventilated façade systems. Design and workmanship faults affecting the functionality and safe use." MATEC Web of Conferences 284 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928402004.
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Ventilated facade systems are increasingly used in modern construction industry. It is connected with a wide range of available wall claddings which allow to create distinctive architectural buildings (ventilated facade system made of fiber cement sheets won the prestigious European Prize for Urban Public Space 2016). If constructed properly, the ventilated facade systems have a positive effect on thermal insulation properties of building walls. With an increasing interest in this type of facade solutions, one can also notice an increased number of problems with the quality of the design documentation and construction works which affect the safe use of the building, thermal insulation properties of partition walls, the comfort of use. The paper presents basic faults found in the design and workmanship of the ventilated facade systems.
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Yakovchuk, R., A. Kuzyk, O. Yemelyanenko, T. Skorobagatko, and O. Dobrostan. "ANALYSIS OF FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES IN CONSTRUCTION OF EXTERIOR WALLS FIT WITH FAÇADE HEAT INSULATION AND FINISHED WITH PLASTER." Scientific bulletin: Сivil protection and fire safety 1, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2019.2.67-73.
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The purpose of the work is to analyze fire prevention measures in structures of external walls with facade thermal insulation and plastering, as well as to analyze the features of their arrangement, taking into account the experience of neighboring countries. The application of exterior wall designs with facade thermal insulation with plaster finish, as well as problems related to their fire hazard, are substantiated. The works are analyzed to investigate the problems of fire safety of exterior wall structures with facade thermal insulation and plastering, as well as hinged facade systems. The types, design features, purpose and functions of fire belts and framing of window (door) openings made of non-combustible materials, which are arranged in exterior wall designs with facade thermal insulation and plaster finish, are considered and analyzed. The role of floor fire belts and the framing of window (door) openings made of non-combustible mineral wool boards have been established.
It is concluded that the use of structures of the exterior walls of residential buildings with facade thermal insulation with a combustible insulation and plastering significantly increases their level of fire danger. This danger will depend both on the properties of the individual materials (in particular the insulation), and on the design features of the entire thermal insulation system and the building as a whole. For plaster systems of thermal insulation of facades, the rapid spread of fire on the higher and lower floors of the building is a big threat. Frequent causes of fire of thermal insulation systems of external walls is the tipping of fire from a window opening of a building as a result of intense fire indoors. Materials of decorative and protective finishing of walls should meet requirements of normative documents on designs of external walls with facade thermal insulation and plaster finish, and their constructive execution will depend on the height of the building and functional purpose of the object. Fire-fighting measures, foreseeing in the construction of exterior walls with facade thermal insulation and plastering, intended to ensure their fire safety during the time necessary for the safe evacuation of people from the building, the arrival of units of fire and rescue units and extending the fire throughout its distribution.
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Hakim Abdul Majid, Abdul, and Azhar Ghazali. "Hybrid system strategy on double skin façade to optimize thermal performance on research building." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 881, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/881/1/012048.
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Abstract One of the most efficient methods to optimize thermal performance in a building is the practical design of the façade. The double skin façade‘(DSF) is a crucial decision for handling the interaction between outdoor and indoor spaces. It also offers some spatial diversity in the design process. Recently, a lot of focus has been paid to it instead of the more traditionally glazed curtain wall. This is because of its potential to reduce energy effectively, achieve thermal comfort in the building, and save costs. The indoor spaces near to the glazed facades will become warm due to high incidence solar radiation on the East-West facades in Malaysia’s tropical environment. In the tropics, one of the solar heat gain reduction approaches is the use of double skin-facade (DSF). One of the fundamental components of the double-skin facade is the blinds. Blinds located in the cavity of the double-skinned facade and buffer the building from solar heat gain or perform the role of a pre-heater for ventilation air. In general, the temperature of the blinds is high, which is helpful in the cold period but problematic in the hot period. To minimize the cooling loads of the building, technological innovations for the shading system are considered. Plants can dissipate absorbed solar radiation into resistant and latent heat. Plants turn radiation into the latent heat. This paper aims to study the effectiveness of a double skin façade and explore improved innovative design for a double-skin façade design integrated with vertical green on research building to optimize thermal performance. This paper will collect data of the thermal performance of double skin façade, precedent study and run simulation analysis to achieve the aim of the paper.
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Ballo, Ya, R. Yakovchuk, V. Nizhnyk, O. Sizikov, and A. Kuzyk. "INVESTIGATION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS FACADE FIRE-FIGHTING EAVES FOR PREVENT THE SPREAD OF FIRES ON FACADE STRUCTURES OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS." Fire Safety 37 (January 6, 2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.37.2020.03.
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Purpose. The research based on FDS modeling aims to identify design parameters influence of the façade firefighting eaves at fire compartment border on the prevention of fire spreading in high-rise buildings.Methods. To calculate the temperature in high-rise building model Pyrosim computer system is used which serves as the user's shell application Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). This FDS system uses numerical algorithms to solve the complete Navier-Stokes differential equation system to determine the temperature and other hazardous factors during a fire.Results. This article deals with the results of using the FDS modeling to substantiate fire-fighting eaves design parameters, which are extended beyond the facade and are located at fire compartment border along the perimeter of high-rise buildings with a conventional height of more than 73.5 m. A comparative analysis of eaves' design parameters and their effect on the temperature distribution along the building facade during a possible fire was conducted. Comparative dependences of tempera-ture distribution on building facades were constructed, as well as their heating areas were determined.Scientific novelty. According to national and foreign regulations requirement analytical research and information sources on the of high-rise buildings design, fire safety requirements to the high-rise public buildings facades with a conventional height of more than 73.5 m were scientifically substantiated in terms of the requirements formation for limiting the fire spreading, smoke and building facades exterior constructions heating.Practical value. Obtained data was analyzed as a result of FDS modeling under the same reference conditions to provide a conclusion on facade fire-fighting eaves design parameters effectiveness at fire compartment border and further improvement ways of their construction and fire spread prevention in high-rise buildings.
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Ballo, Ya, R. Yakovchuk, V. Nizhnyk, O. Sizikov, and A. Kuzyk. "INVESTIGATION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS FACADE FIRE-FIGHTING EAVES FOR PREVENT THE SPREAD OF FIRES ON FACADE STRUCTURES OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS." Fire Safety 37 (January 6, 2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.37.2020.03.
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Purpose. The research based on FDS modeling aims to identify design parameters influence of the façade firefighting eaves at fire compartment border on the prevention of fire spreading in high-rise buildings.Methods. To calculate the temperature in high-rise building model Pyrosim computer system is used which serves as the user's shell application Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). This FDS system uses numerical algorithms to solve the complete Navier-Stokes differential equation system to determine the temperature and other hazardous factors during a fire.Results. This article deals with the results of using the FDS modeling to substantiate fire-fighting eaves design parameters, which are extended beyond the facade and are located at fire compartment border along the perimeter of high-rise buildings with a conventional height of more than 73.5 m. A comparative analysis of eaves' design parameters and their effect on the temperature distribution along the building facade during a possible fire was conducted. Comparative dependences of tempera-ture distribution on building facades were constructed, as well as their heating areas were determined.Scientific novelty. According to national and foreign regulations requirement analytical research and information sources on the of high-rise buildings design, fire safety requirements to the high-rise public buildings facades with a conventional height of more than 73.5 m were scientifically substantiated in terms of the requirements formation for limiting the fire spreading, smoke and building facades exterior constructions heating.Practical value. Obtained data was analyzed as a result of FDS modeling under the same reference conditions to provide a conclusion on facade fire-fighting eaves design parameters effectiveness at fire compartment border and further improvement ways of their construction and fire spread prevention in high-rise buildings.
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Panya, David Stephen, Taehoon Kim, and Seungyeon Choo. "A Methodology of Interactive Motion Facades Design through Parametric Strategies." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041218.
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Interactive facades are dynamic in the translation of space in architecture, especially in the aspects of aesthetics, sustainability, adaptation to the environment, and data relay through the medium of light, motion, and embedded technology. The design of interactive facades is complicated and it requires time and effort in the comprehension of the internal functions of the facade from the conceptual stage to occupancy. The existing process of modeling the experimental level of interactive facades through mock-up and prototype models demonstrate a fragmentary outline on which the final development of the interactive façade system is based on. This research aims to analyze the motion aspect of interactive facades design and simplify the conceptual and performance design process through parametric strategies using a multi-hybrid of parametric and simulation tools, such as Rhino Grasshopper, Ladybug, and Daysim, to create interactive facade designs that can verified in a virtual reality environment while generating performance outcomes that can be optimized in a holistic and improved efficient process.
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Kawamura, Yuri, and Takashi Hara. "Space Structure System Consisting 3D Facade." Advanced Materials Research 831 (December 2013): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.100.
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In recent years, temporary housing built in a stricken area has been built by steel construction. But temporary housing could not be built unless an engineer went to a stricken area and the building could not carry a short-time loading like an earthquake or wind loadings. This research aims to develop the permanent box unit construction which is carried and assembled a part by victims. Analysis model used the vinylon fiber reinforced concrete in order to make a concrete ductile without using a reinforced rod. The linear model was analyzed with FEM software. The analysis was carried out and the validity of a temporary housing was confirmed.
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Yakovchuk, R. "RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL VERTICAL ENVIRONMENTAL STRUCTURES ON THE SPREAD OF FIRE ON THE SURFACE OF WALLS." Fire Safety 38 (July 12, 2021): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.38.2021.06.
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Purpose. Using FDS modelling to investigate the influence of external vertical enclosing structures on the spread of fire on the surface of external wall structures with facade insulation with combustible insulation.Methods. Using the software package Pyrosim performed тumerical modelling of the dynamics of development and spread of fire on the surface of the thermal insulation and finishing system, which serves as a user shell for the program Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). To visualize the results of calculations, the software module of the PyroSim Smoke view system was used, which allows building appropriate graphical representations of temperature distributions. This system also allows you to monitor the dynamics of temperature fields and reproduce the heating process with animation.Results. With the help of computer modelling of fire test parameters of facade insulation system for fire propagation in FDS environment, numerical and graphical indicators were obtained by computer simulation of the fire test parameters of the facade insulation system for fire propagation in the FDS environment. They characterize the process of occurrence, spread and development of fire by the surface of the facade insulation system. Also, we established the influence of external vertical enclosing designs on a fire surface of outside walls with a warming of a facade by a combustible heater. The obtained results of numerical modelling of the parameters of the fire test of the facade insulation system for the propagation of fire in the FDS environment indicate that the overall standard deviation in the theoretical data was higher than the results of experimental stud-ies. Thus, the presence in the structure of a fragment of the building vertical wall (inner corners of the building) creates a “shielding effect”, i.e. the flame emanating from the window is reflected and the temperature on the surface of external walls with facade insulation rises significantly. Thus, for thermocouples T15-T17 the temperature rises by 140-220 °C; for thermo-couples T19-T21 – by 180-350 °C; for thermocouples T27-T29 – by 110-190 °C, respectively.In addition, the presence of external vertical enclosing structures on the facade of the building contributes to the increase in temperature and inside the structures of external walls with facade insulation, as evidenced by the readings of thermocouples T33 and T35 – an increase of 50-100 °C; thermocouples T36 and T38 – increase by 50-180 °C.Practical value. The results of numerical simulations obtained by the author are aimed at the use of design organizations in the installation of fire belts using noncombustible mineral wool boards in the inner corners of the building as insulation in the presence of window and balcony openings to prevent fire from spreading on facade systems in residential buildings.
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Maknun, Johar. "APPLICATION OF THE DOUBLE SKIN FACADE CONCEPT IN AN EFFORT TO INCREASE THE THERMAL COMFORT OF IMAGE STUDIO ROOM." Journal of Architectural Research and Education 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jare.v2i1.24128.
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Abstrak- The development of technology in buildings is one of the factors triggering the acceleration of methods in the facade configuration system. Double Skin Facade (DSF) is one of the building facade concept innovations. The purpose of applying the DSF concept is to optimize the use of energy related to the air conditioning system to obtain thermal comfort in buildings. The results of measurements of the existing condition of the Image Studio room in the morning until 11.00 are included in the optimal comfort category, 11.00 - 13.00 are in the warm comfortable category and starting at 13.00-18.00 tend not to meet thermal comfort. Based on the simulation results the use of Double Skin Facade can reduce the temperature in the room around 3.47oC. With the application of Double Skin Facade in this Image Studio room, it can reduce the heat radiation from sunlight that directly enters through the window because it can be detained first in the double facade. The application of Double Skin Facade can increase the thermal comfort of an Image Studio room. Kata kunci- Double Skin Façade, Thermal Comfort
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Bielek, Boris, Daniel Szabó, Josip Klem, and Kristína Kaniková. "Application of physical theory of cavity in the construction of double skin facades." Curved and Layered Structures 9, no. 1 (November 3, 2021): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cls-2022-0004.
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Abstract The article deals with the issue of double skin transparent facades as a new technological-operational system of transparent exterior walls. Especially of high-rise buildings, which with its operating modes ingeniously uses a renewable source of solar energy to reduce the energy needs of the building. The basic precondition for the correct function of the double skin facade is its functional aerodynamics in any climatic conditions of the outdoor climate. In the critical state of windlessness, the aerodynamic quantification of a double skin facade is the total aerodynamic resistance of the cavity, which consists of the aerodynamic frictional resistances along the length of the air flow line and local aerodynamic resistances of the cavity. The article analyses the functional aerodynamics on two frequented types of double skin facades with a narrow type and corridor type cavity. At the end it confronts functional aerodynamics with the results of their temperature, aerodynamic and energy regime obtained from in-situ experiments.
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Sergeev, Viktor Yu. "A justification for the design of external thin light steel walls from the perspective of thermal protection of buildings." Stroitel'stvo: nauka i obrazovanie [Construction: Science and Education] 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.3.5.
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Introduction. The article describes features of the design of external steel walls that ensure thermal insulation of buildings. Facade finishing methods are studied. Energy consumption by households, that consumes up to 40 % of all national energy resources, has triggered the development of energy-saving technologies. Their use will solve several problems at once, including conservation of natural energy resources, changing the system of housing and utility services, reducing environmental pollution, increasing the profitability of enterprises and the implementation of energy-saving programmes. Materials and methods. Not only new materials have been developed, but also the whole systems of enclosure structures, which require the study of structural and technological characteristics of facade systems. National standards have not yet been developed for numerous modern, relatively new materials designated for the insulation of external walls. There are two principal methods of wall insulation. The first one is the so-called “wet” method, that entails the use of gypsum mortar. The second one is “dry”; it entails the use of structural hinges to make an air gap between the outer screen and insulation. Results. Russian houses feature very low energy efficiency, and since the cost of electricity and gas for a Russian consumer is lowest in Europe, heat consumption (heating, hot water) is much higher than in Europe. Modern facade systems not only allow to change and beautify the appearance of the city due to a variety of styles and colours of its urban structures, they also improve thermal insulation properties and reduce construction time. Conclusions. External walls, having ventilated facades, are applied in residential and public buildings. They have a supplementary layer of thermal insulation, which is normally used in the construction of these facades. A light steel thin construction is used to make external walls and partitions, in addition to strength they improve the sound insulation of premises.
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Popp, C., C. V. Ahrens, and B. Weller. "Development of a photovoltaic thermal facade system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 410 (January 24, 2020): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/410/1/012041.
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V. A. GALUSHKO, I. V. KOLODYAZHNAYA, K. A. SAVKA, and A. S. UVAROVA. "CHOICE OF EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY OF ENERGY EFFICIENT DESIGN SYSTEM OF BUILDINGS, AMONG THE MOST COMMON." Bridges and tunnels: Theory, Research, Practice, no. 11 (December 10, 2017): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/bttrp2017/158385.
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Purpose. Researching the most energy-efficient warming construction system of buildings among the commonest of them, using their technical, technological and economical characteristics. Methodology. Synthesis, analysis, mathematical methods. Findings. For choosing effective technology, information analysis of systems warming of facades was made. Three types were chosen from the most prominent technics. Technical and economical calculations were made for these systems. Originality. Enhancement of the counting approach whereby the selection of the most suitable variant is making by a few points, which doesn’t exclude each other. Practical value. Discovered is, for the optimal choosing of the warming construction of the facade, there is an importance to use a few technical and economical records at the same time.
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Petrichenko, Mikhail, Anastasia Ostrovaia, and Elena Statsenko. "The Glass Ventilated Facades – Research of an Air Gap." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.87.
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In this article the scheme of a design, its advantage is considered and the factors influencing removal of moisture from an air gap of a facade are investigated. This type of designs allows to create indoors a favorable microclimate with necessary illumination, temperature, moisture conditions and the movement of air, protecting thus from negative atmospheric actions. Also at observance of technology indicators of moisture-proofness of facades improve, temperature fluctuations are leveled, normal functioning of all system in general is provided. Despite a set of advantages of this type of facades take place and some shortcomings therefore the obtained data indicate the need of further research of systems of the ventilated glass facades and work on elimination of the revealed shortcomings.
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Minarovičová, Katarína, and Dušan Dlhý. "Environmentally safe system for treatment of bio corrosion of ETICS." MATEC Web of Conferences 146 (2018): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814603005.
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Effects of microorganisms on building facades are responsible for aesthetic, bio-geophysical and biogeochemical deterioration. The process of cleaning of contaminated facades involves the removal and eradication of micro flora on the surface of insulation using chemical products, killing cells and eliminating all living mass, including organic ingredients. The removal of bio corrosion coating from ETICS structure by means of chemical and preservative substances (biocides) is currently the only effective and most used technology. Uncontrolled leaching of the used biocides is unacceptable. Meantime, new technology for environmentally safe maintenance of ETICS is needed. Scientists have been working on replacement the biocides currently used in facades treatment with eco-friendly biocides that have no negative effects on the environment or human beings. While the eco- treatment will be available, safe dewatering of chemicals being leached from the surface of the facade could be provided by e.g. special drain systems adjusted to the building type, use and age. The paper gives an overview of the problem in context of Slovakia and examples of leaching systems designed for new and renovated buildings.
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Fahratov, Muhammad, and Ibrahim F. Ibrahim. "Organizational and technological solutions during the production facade works." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 09023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125809023.
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The article deals with the organizational and technological features of construction. Currently, based on foreign and domestic experience, a significant number of regulatory and methodological documents have been developed for the use of facade systems, but these works do not fully disclose organizational and technological issues and contain only general recommendations for the production of work. In particular, the existing recommendations for the installation of facade systems, for the most part, describe the constructive solutions of facade systems, technological issues related directly to the installation of the facade system, while not disclosing in sufficient detail the organization of the construction site, the issues of choosing the necessary means of paving, the issues of standardizing the labor intensity of work, issues of quantitative and qualitative selection of the composition of workers for the production of work. The organization of construction production for the installation of hinged facade systems with an air gap during the construction of buildings is associated with coordination with general construction works. Often, construction management projects developed at the design stage are adjusted taking into account the current conditions. These changes can occur both before the start of work and during the production of work. The introduction of organizational and technological changes in the production process of work can lead to a significant decrease in technical and economic indicators. In this regard, it is relevant to resolve the issues of assessment and selection of effective organizational and technological solutions for the device of facade systems.
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Kaewpeela, Phatlalitsorn, Karuna Raksawin, and Supagtra Suthasupa. "Identity on the Facade of Roi Et Provincial Hall." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 5, no. 15 (March 7, 2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v5i15.359.
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Roi Et Provincial Hall has been redeveloped according to the policy of the Government Center System Organization, which designates a provincial hall as the center of the provincial government and shall express its local identity. Roi Et Province, thus, has carried out the redevelopment project of the provincial hall of which design has been adhered to a tetrahedron style (a building with four gable ends), a standard building design provided from the central government, and combined with its local identity derived from architectural elements on the facades to present inherited meaning to people’s perception. This study aims to find the architectural elements which provide identity on the facade of Roi Et Provincial Hall. The method used includes an investigation of the architectural elements on the facades which affect perception in 3 aspects: mass-form, ornament and texture. The study consists of three steps: 1) an investigation of the old hall’s facade, 2) an investigation of local identity buildings’ facade, and 3) an interpretation of identity to a design. Finally, a 3D model of Roi Et Provincial Hall is developed.Keywords: identity; facades; perception; provincial hall; Roi EteISSN 2514-751X © 2020 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v5i15.359
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MARTOKUSUMO, Widjaja, M. Donny KOERNIAWAN, Heru W. POERBO, Nissa A. ARDIANI, and Susan H. KRISANTI. "ALGAE AND BUILDING FAÇADE REVISITED. A STUDY OF FAÇADE SYSTEM FOR INFILL DESIGN." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 41, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2017.1411847.
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Buildings account for around 30 percent of the world’s total energy consumption and a similar percentage of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions the main cause of climate change. The building sector is a major energy consumer, and empirical research reveals that carbon-dioxide emissions from the building sector exceed those of the industry and transport sectors. Contextual juxtaposition has commonly been applied in designing a new building in the historic district. In the realm of design, such philosophy-based design approach requires objective measurements. When new glass building considered, the question on greenhouse gas emissions becomes significant. To minimize energy consumption and reduce sun glare, brise-soleil and horizontal fixed shading devices have been used as elements of building’s facade. Nowadays, algae as part of building facade system have been used in creating a healthier indoor environment. This paper is written based on an on-going architectural design-based research on the use and role of algae as part of the building facade system. The new building of ITB Innovation Park is used as an infill project. With the help of modelling and extensive literature survey, this research will investigate how far the building (facade) design is affected by considerations on energy consumption pattern and environmental condition.
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Sezegen, Aysegul, and Ecem Edis. "Product innovation types: a discussion considering building facade products." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2379–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-10-2018-0454.
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PurposeIn the construction industry, building facade systems are gaining significance as reflected in the number of facade product innovations available on the market. While research studies on the adoption of these facade product innovations are comparatively limited in number. An awareness of the advantages and impacts that a product innovation brings is critical in its adoption, and therefore the purpose of this paper is to develop a classification framework for the use of producers/vendors present the advantages and impacts of their innovative facade products to the architects.Design/methodology/approachThe study, in addition to literature review, consisted of four main steps without distinct boundaries, namely, (1) case study sample selection regarding facade products, (2) data collection through review of published documents, analysis of the data via content analysis and generation of a preliminary framework for the evaluation of facade product innovations, (3) further data collection through semi-structured interviews and analysis of the products and (4) redefining innovation types and finalizing classification framework through assessment of new facade products.FindingsInnovation types may vary according to the product groups under investigation and viewpoints of the classifications. Selected facade products were evaluated in terms of their specific characteristics through identified viewpoints: as a physical object and as an agent. It was revealed that assessing a product innovation in terms of changes in its structural composition and impact on other related physical objects/processes can change the type of innovation. Additionally, insights about improved characteristics specific to facade products, forms of change in these products and architects' new actions in the facade design process were obtained.Research limitations/implicationsOnly the products stated by the producers/vendors as being new to the Turkish market at the time they were introduced were evaluated in terms of all aspects proposed in the framework. For these products and others that were evaluated, the product data obtained from the producers/vendors have been deemed to be accurate. Research on equivalent products in the market has not been conducted.Originality/valueStudies identifying innovation types in the facade industry are very rare. The proposed framework can be regarded as a detailed investigation of product innovation types in the facade industry which offers component-system level improvement/change analysis. Moreover, it can be an effective tool for producers/vendors to ensure that architects have knowledge about their innovative products and their impacts on facade design and also to facilitate the adoption of these products.
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Cardoso, C., and S. Jalali. "Thermal Performance Characterization of a Modular System for Facade." Key Engineering Materials 634 (December 2014): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.634.62.
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The developed system corresponds to multifunctional prefabricated modular elements that combine an insulation layer with a cast coating material for exterior that can imitate stone or concrete. These systems need auxiliary elements of fixing to connect them mechanically to the structural wall of the building, in order to ensure its stability, using anchorage, profiles, rails, among others. The use of these systems connected to the coating interrupts the continuity of thermal insulation, causing additional heat losses through linear and point thermal bridges, having an detrimental effect on thermal performance of the system. The development of fixing of present multifunctional panels was based on the evaluation and adoption of appropriate solutions in order to minimize thermal bridges and reinforce the stability of the panel. For evaluation purposes some models are evaluated, with different connecting systems, configurations and different materials such as aluminium, stainless steel, galvanized steel and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) profiles. The quantification of thermal bridges, for evaluation of thermal performance, has been made using computing programs, HEAT2 and HEAT3. The evaluation of a system developed in this research work, i.e. incorporating profiles in thermal insulation, shows a good thermal resistance contributing significantly to the thermal insulation and energy conservation in building.
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Hirš, Jiří, and Jitka Mohelníková. "Photovoltaic Facade Performance Evaluation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032051.
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Abstract A high-rise building façade with integrated photovoltaic panels, located in the Central European region with temperate climatic conditions was tested. The PV façade was monitored for three years. Results of the PV system monitoring show that the façade positively influence the energy efficiency and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from the building operation.
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Elguezabal, Peru, Alex Lopez, Jesus Maria Blanco, and Jose Antonio Chica. "Assessment on the Efficiency of an Active Solar Thermal Facade: Study of the Effect of Dynamic Parameters and Experimental Analysis When Coupled/Uncoupled to a Heat Pump." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030597.
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The building sector presents poor performance in terms of energy efficiency and is looking for effective alternatives aimed at reducing the use of fossil fuels. The facade is a key element able to harness renewable energy as an Active Solar Thermal Facade (ASTF). The main purpose of this study is the assessment of a novel design concept based on a steel sandwich panel technology. The performance of the active system will be first addressed by a parametric study in order to analyze its behavior and secondly, by describing a real case based on an experimental test by connecting the active panels to a heat pump. The study shows the impact of solar irradiation and mass flow on the thermal jump achieved, while ambient and fluid inlet temperatures are the most influencing parameters in the efficiency of the facade. When coupled to the heat pump, results from a measurement campaign demonstrate a remarkable improvement in the performance of the ASTF. The results presented provide significant proof about the benefits of a synergetic combination of both technologies—solar facades and heat pumps—as efficient alternatives for the building sector, aiming to improve energy efficiency as well as reduce their dependence on non-renewable sources.
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Yakovchuk, R., A. Kuzyk, O. Miller, and A. Lyn. "HEAT INSULATION-APPARATUS SYSTEMS OF HOUSEHOLD FACADE AS A FACTOR OF INCREASED FIRE HAZARD." Fire Safety, no. 32 (August 14, 2018): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.32.2018.12.
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The paper analyzes the problems associated with the fire hazard of the application of thermal insulation and finishing systems of facades of buildings, which directly depends on the design solution of the thermal insulation system and the type of thermal insulation material.
The generalized requirements for physical and technical indicators of the quality of heat-insulating materials; the possibility of applying facade heat insulation structures depending on their class, the height of the houses and the combustibility of the materials of the heat-insulating and finishing layers; fire-technical characteristics of expanded polystyrene are considered. The threats of fire spreading by thermal insulation systems of facades are analyzed and possible ways of its propagation between floors are considered.
It is concluded that the use of combustible thermal insulating materials poses an increased danger to life and health of people during a fire. The problem of ensuring the fire safety of buildings, in which the insulation and finishing systems of exterior walls are used, depends on a number of factors and requires a more thorough study.
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Nugent, William, and Mark Schmidt. "Post-Typhoon Assessment of an Underdesigned Facade System." IABSE Symposium Report 90, no. 11 (January 1, 2005): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137805796270487.
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Chow, T. T., A. L. S. Chan, K. F. Fong, W. C. Lo, and C. L. Song. "Energy performance of a solar hybrid collector system in a multistory apartment building." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 219, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765005x6872.
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Solar co-generation applied in buildings has the advantage of increasing the energy output per unit installed collector area. This paper investigates a centralized photovoltaic and hot-water collector system that can serve as a water pre-heating system for a multistory apartment building in a warm climate region. Collectors are mounted on vertical facades. Electricity generated by the system is consumed by the circulation pumps and the water heaters. The facade integration, together with the heat and electricity co-generation, are features embedding both active and passive solar technology. A numerical model that analyzes its energy performance in an apartment building in Hong Kong is described. The study has been based on practical design requirements. It is estimated that, with the use of amorphous-silicon hybrid collectors which cover two-thirds of the west- and south-facing facades, the system is able to support one-third of the thermal energy required for water heating.
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Bogdanovic, Veliborka, and Danijela Milanovic. "Design of the vapor diffusion characteristics of the exterior facing of the facade thermal insulation systems." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 2, no. 5 (2003): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0305349b.
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Various facade facings - systems made of thermal insulation materials with the finishing facade renders which are directly applied to the facade walls are simple for construction and are applied in the newly built structures and they are also suitable for the application in the cases of the energy revitalization of the existing buildings. The exterior walls, and especially their outer layers, are exposed to various atmospheric influences. They cause different effects in the walls, one of them being the occurrence of the water vapor condensation. In the walls with the facade thermal insulation systems, the occurrence of the water vapor condensation may be caused by the vapor diffusion characteristics of the exterior render. At certain temperatures and humidity of the external and internal air, there are several conditions for the occurrence of the water vapor condensation in the wall with the facade thermal insulation system, when the exterior render is of higher relative resistance to the water vapor diffusion. Therefore, it is useful to determine the vapor diffusion characteristics, that is, highest values of the relative resistance to the water vapor diffusion of the exterior renders which will not cause the condensation of the water vapor in the wall, or at least those that will not cause the impermissible dampening of the wall material, and will allow for the possibility of moisture drying.
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Oswald, Ferdinand, and Roger Riewe. "Grip Fixing Instead of Adhesive - Exterior Insulation Finishing Systems (EIFS) as a Sorted Recyclable Façade System with Reclosable Fastener Fixation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.80.
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The paper describes the project facade4zeroWaste which includes the development, architectural design relevance, grants of patents, results of pre-certification testing’s and the product publication in the time frame from 2009 till 2017. Aim of the research project facade4zeroWaste was the idea of a recyclable facade insulation system that can easily be dismantled after its lifetime and reused thanks to an innovative grip fixing system consisting of mushroom-shaped heads and loops - Grip fixing instead of adhesive. The project won numerous prices and awards like the EQAR - Recycling Prize 2015 or the Innovation Award for Architecture and Building 2017. The project is a contract research project tasked by Sto SE & Co. KGaA, Germany and Sto GesmbH, Austria. The façade system was presented to the public in January 2017 as the product Sto Systain R (R = render: seamless plaster layer surface) on the building fair BAU 2017 in Munich. *
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Bielek, Boris, Daniel Szabó, and Milan Lavrinčík. "Transparent Elemental Facade with an Integrated Ventilation Unit for a High-Rise Building – Development and Experimental Verification." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2018-0030.
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Abstract The article documents the development of a modular transparent elemental facade. The cooperative development was realized in two areas, i.e., the development of facade ventilation units for an under-pressure ventilation system and experimental verification in a laboratory of a facade panel and optimization of its acoustic parameters. The task of controlled ventilation in modern residential buildings is to ensure the optimum quality of the interior environment and fulfill hygienic and thermal technical requirements that guarantee the comfort of the users. The paper discusses the development and experimental verification of atypical vertical ventilation units of an under-pressure controlled ventilation system for a residential high-rise building. A recommended concept for the facade´s details has been developed in relation to the ventilation system. Conceptual designs of alternatives to the air inlet openings of an under-pressure controlled ventilation system for the apartments with an atypical vertical geometry were proposed. An optimized alternative to air inlet openings in the bottom level of a vertical pilaster with the function of an air distribution channel for a ventilation system has been selected and developed. Laboratory experiments have verified the physical properties of the optimized alternative ventilation units of the under-pressure controlled ventilation system in their development cycle. The hydrodynamic regime of the air inlet openings of the controlled ventilation system has been verified by experimental research in a laboratory large rain chamber. The aerodynamic regime of a naturally controlled ventilation system was verified by experimental research in a large laboratory pressure chamber. The acoustic properties of the naturally controlled ventilation system were verified by experimental research in a laboratory´s acoustic chambers. The verified parameters of the ventilation units of the under-pressure controlled ventilation obtained by the experiment were compared with the design parameters. An experimental assessment of the mechanical, thermal and acoustical parameters of the elemental modular facade was carried out in a laboratory. At the end of the article, the results and conclusions of the laboratory experiment are summarized.
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Farenyuk, G. G., and O. B. Oleksiienko. "ANALYSIS CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION OF EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE FACADE SYSTEMS." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 80 (September 3, 2020): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-80-150-161.
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Abstract. Strategic problem of ensuring the update of energy profile of residential and public buildings may be solved if only recent design concept of facade thermal insulation is applied. As the design concept, facade thermal insulation appeared in reconstruction of buildings and structures. In domestic construction practice, this design concept is also widely used in new structures and that is why the system of criteria that determine the possible reduce of specific heat loss in heating of buildings should be updated, and the desired operational heat safety of buildings should be ensured. The paper deals with the development and implementation of new criteria for assessment of façade insulation systems with rendering, addresses the European experience and features the implementation of European standards in the national regulatory framework. The paper follows the previous research conducted by the State Research Institute of Building Constructions for the last fifteen years with main scientific papers being referenced and aimed at the development of methodological base for system of norms and standards that ensure the implementation of innovations in the practice of domestic construction sector. The paper covers the details of conformity assessment and suitability for use of facade thermal insulation in accordance with the methodological principles applied both in Ukraine and countries of European Community. The paper provides the analysis of the requirements set for facade thermal insulation with rendering by a national regulative document, DSTU B V.2.6-36:2008, and compares the requirements for ETICS (Exterior Thermal Insulation Composite System) set by Guideline for European Technical Approval of Exterior Thermal Insulation Composite System with Rendering (ETICS), ETAG 004.