Academic literature on the topic 'Face articular vertebral'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Face articular vertebral.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Face articular vertebral"
1
Kaushal, Parul, and Subhash Bhukya. "Fusion of C2 and C3: embryological and clinical perspective." Anatomy Journal of Africa 7, no. 2 (September 19, 2018): 1281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aja.v7i2.177636.
Full textAbstract:
Skeletal abnormalities in the upper cervical region may result in severe neck ache, altered mobility, muscular weakness and sensory deficits. Fused cervical vertebrae (FCV) have been reported in literature, however cases with fused articular facets have scarcely been documented. During routine osteology demonstration, we came across fused axis and the 3rd cervical vertebra. There was complete fusion of the vertebral arch on the left side along with complete fusion between the inferior articular facet of C2 and superior articular facet of C3. There was partial fusion between the bodies of the vertebrae and the right half of the vertebral arch. Owing to the vital role of this region in various neck movements and spinal alignment, knowledge of such asymmetric variations in the upper cervical region, is of immense importance to orthopedicians, radiologists, neurosurgeons, anaesthetists, physiotherapists.Keywords: intubation, synostosis, axis, block vertebrae
2
Gomes, Letícia Dias, Alexandre Marques Paes Da Silva, and Patricia Nivoloni Tannure. "Manifestações bucais da Síndrome de Apert: relato de caso clínico." Revista de Odontologia da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo 28, no. 3 (November 14, 2017): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/ro_unicid.v28i3.213.
Full textAbstract:
A Síndrome de Apert, também chamada de acrocefalossindactilia tipo 1, é caracterizada pelo encerramento prematuro das suturas cranianas (craniossinostose), sindactilia simétrica das mãos e dos pés e anomalias faciais. Outras anormalidades observadas são atraso mental, anquilose articular e anomalias da coluna vertebral. Destacam-se, ainda, a hipoplasia da face média com Classe III, lábios hipotônicos, úvula bífida, erupção ectópica, má oclusão e pseudofenda palatina. A cavidade bucal desses pacientes apresenta normalmente uma redução no tamanho da maxila, em particular na direção anteroposterior. Essa redução pode resultar em apinhamento dentário e uma mordida aberta anterior. A mandíbula está dentro do tamanho e da forma normal, e simula um pseudoprognatismo. Anomalias dentárias, tais como dentes inclusos, erupção retardada, agenesia dentária, hipoplasia do esmalte, dentes ectópicos ou supranumerários são comumente observadas. Diante da necessidade de um tratamento multidisciplinar e da relevância do cirurgião-dentista no acompanhamento desses pacientes, o objetivo deste relato é descrever as manifestações bucais da síndrome, enfatizando as características mais frequentes no período de transição da dentição decídua para a dentição permanente.
3
Werner, Thorsten, W. Thomas McNicholas, Jongmin Kim, Debra K. Baird, and Gert J. Breur. "Aplastic Articular Facets in a Dog With Intervertebral Disk Rupture of the 12th to 13th Thoracic Vertebral Space." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 40, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0400490.
Full textAbstract:
A 6-year-old, female spayed Pomeranian was presented with acute hind-limb paraplegia with the presence of deep pain perception and urinary incontinence. Myelography showed a Hansen type I herniation of the12th to 13th thoracic intervertebral space (T12–13). Articular facets of the T12–13 and T13 to first lumbar vertebra (L1) were absent. The spinal cord was decompressed using a bilateral T12–13 modified lateral hemilaminectomy (pediculectomy). The aplastic sites were associated with minimal instability of the vertebral column, and stabilization of the vertebral column was not required. Familiarity with this condition is important, because articular facet aplasia may cause vertebral instability and may require an adjusted surgical approach or vertebral reduction and fusion following decompression.
4
Liu, Songlin, Dasheng Gai, Qun Lu, Hanyuan Zhang, Xu Kuang, Wei Gong, Xin Xiang, and Hai Li. "Application of CT Image Based on Three-Dimensional Image Segmentation Algorithm in Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3432.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To investigate the application of multi-slice spiral CT in degenerative changes of lumbar facet joints using the LOG algorithm. Methods: The CT findings of 100 cases of degenerative vertebral facet joint disease were reviewed and analyzed in this paper. Results: The main CT manifestations of facet disease are osteophyte formation, articular hyperplasia and hypertrophy, osteosclerosis, narrowing of joint space, articular surface destruction, joint capsule calcification, joint gas accumulation, joint subluxation, and lateral recesses and vertebrae. Signs such as narrow mesopores. Conclusion: The multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) and multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) techniques are analyzed by the LOG operator algorithm. It is found that the two techniques can fully display the anatomical structure and pathological changes of the vertebral facet joints, and are useful for the diagnosis of facet joint disease. Provide enough imaging evidence.
5
XU, XING, DE-YOU WANG, CORWIN SULLIVAN, DAVID W. E. HONE, FENG-LU HAN, RONG-HAO YAN, and FU-MING DU. "A basal parvicursorine (Theropoda: Alvarezsauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of China." Zootaxa 2413, no. 1 (March 29, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2413.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
A new alvarezsaurid theropod, Xixianykus zhangi gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a partial postcranial skeleton collected from the Upper Cretaceous Majiacun Formation of Xixia County, Henan Province. The new taxon can be diagnosed by the following autapomorphies: sacral rib-transverse process complexes and zygapophyses fused to form separate anterior and posterior laminae; distinct fossa dorsal to antitrochanter on lateral surface of ilium; short ridge along posterior surface of pubic shaft near proximal end; distinct depression on lateral surface of ischium near proximal end; sharp groove along posterior surface of ischium; distal end of femur with transversely narrow ectocondylar tuber that extends considerable distance proximally as sharp ridge; transversely narrow tibial cnemial crest with sharp, ridgelike distal half; lateral margin of tibiotarsus forms step near distal end; fibula with substantial extension of proximal articular surface onto posterior face of posteriorly curving shaft; distal tarsals and metatarsals co-ossified to form tarsometatarsus; and sharp flange along anteromedial margin of metatarsal IV near proximal end. Cladistic analysis places this taxon as a basal parvicursorine within the Alvarezsauridae, a position consistent with the presence of several incipiently developed parvicursorine features in this taxon and also with its relatively early geological age. A brief analysis of vertebral functional morphology, together with data from the hindlimb, suggests that parvicursorines represent extreme cursors among non-avian dinosaurs.
6
Shin, Ja Young, Aspalilah Alias, Eric Chung, Wei Lin Ng, Yuan Seng Wu, Quan Fu Gan, and Ker Woon Choy. "Identification of Race: A Three-Dimensional Geometric Morphometric and Conventional Analysis of Human Fourth Cervical Vertebrae in Adult Malaysian Population." Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences 6, no. 1(Special) (June 30, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jchs.v6i1(special).13167.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Estimation of race plays a significant role in establishing personal identity in forensic anthropology. A cervical vertebra is one of the bones that is least researched in forensic applications. Our study aims to investigate the morphologic variations of the fourth cervical vertebrae (C4) between the different major races in the adult Malaysian population using a three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics method. Methods: Computer tomography images of C4 vertebra, which consist of 386 subjects (169 Malay, 82 Chinese, and 135 Indian) were collected retrospectively from University of Malaya. Twenty-eight landmarks were placed on the images. Procrustes MANOVA, canonical variates analysis(CVA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), and linear measurement were performed using Planmeca Romexis, Checkpoint Stratovan, Morpho J, and Graphpad Prism software respectively to analyze the morphological variations of C4. Results: Procrustes MANOVA showed significant differences in the shape (p <0.0001) and centroid size (p = 0.0003) of the C4 vertebra between races. Canonical variate analysis showed significant differences for Mahalanobis (p <0.0001) and Procrustes (p <0.0001) distances among races. Besides that, a cross-validation value of 66.5% was demonstrated by discriminant function analysis. The use of linear measurements reveals no significant differences between the races, thesemeasurements are the vertebral body height, anterior-posterior length of the vertebral body, length of superior articular facet, and spinous process length. Both intra- and inter-observational reliabilities showed that acceptable human errors for measurement accuracy. Conclusions: Morphologic variations in the shape of C4 can assist in race estimation of the adult Malaysian population using the 3D geometric morphometric approach.
7
Chanapa, Patcharin, and Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh. "LOCATIONS AND LENGTHS OF OSTEOPHYTES IN THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. LOCALIZACIONES Y LONGITUD DE LOS OSTEOFITOS EN LAS VÉRTEBRAS CERVICALES." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 3, no. 1 (March 28, 2016): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v3.n1.13908.
Full textAbstract:
Muchos pacientes sufren de disfagia, vértigo, dolor en el brazo, entumecimiento o debilidad. Estos problemas pueden ser debidos a la aparición de osteofitos en las vértebras cervicales. El propósito de esta investigación ha sido estudiar las localizaciones y tamaño de los osteofitos en las vértebras cervicales. Se han usado 200 columnas cervicales (139 varones y 61 mujeres) de vértebras secas C3-C7, de un promedio de edad de 71 años (36-98 años). Se han encontrado osteofitos en 184 columnas (92 %), la mayoría en C5, C6, C4, C7 y C3 (83, 77, 74, 65 y 64%, respectivamente). La media del tamaño de los osteofitos en C3 (4.44 ±1.31 mm) ha sido mayor que los de C4-C7. La mayor cantidad de osteofitos se encontraron en los cuerpos vertebrales, carilla articular y foramen transverso (49,35 y 16%) respectivamente. La mayor longitud de los osteofitos en el cuerpo de las vértebras se encontraron en la vértebra fue 4.28 ±1.65 mmen C6, en la cara articular fue 5.07 ±1.57 mmen C5 y en el transverso foramen fue 2.49 ±1.57 mmen C6. La longitud de los osteofitos del lado anterior superior y de la cara inferior del cuerpo ha sido más larga que la de los lados posterior y lateral. La longitud de los osteofitos muestra una correlación significativa y directa con la edad. Conclusión: Los osteofitos que han aparecido en el cuerpo de las vértebras, la cara y el foramen transverso pueden incidir en las estructuras cercanas. Este estudio puede ayudar a explicar algunos problemas clínicos como la disfagia, insuficiencia vertebrobasilar y braquialgia. Many patients suffer from dysphagia, vertigo, arm pain, numbness or weakness. These problems may arise from osteophytes in the cervical vertebrae. The purpose was to study the distribution and lengths of osteophyte in the cervical vertebrae. We used 200 cervical columns (139 male and 61 female) of dry C3-C7 vertebrae. Osteophytes were found in 184 columns (92%), mostly at C5, C6, C4, C7 and C3 (83, 77, 74, 65 and 64% respectively) . The average length of osteophytes of C3 (4.44 ± 1.31 mm) was longer than those of C4-C7. The quantity of osteophytes mostly was found at vertebral bodies, articular facets and transverse foramen (49, 35 and 16%) respectively. The greatest osteophyte length of vertebral bodies was at C6 (4.28 ± 1.65 mm.), that of articular facet was at C5 (5.07 ± 1.57 mm.) and that of foramen transversarium was at C6 (2.49 ± 1.57 mm.). The osteophyte length of anterior area of superior and inferior surface of body was longer than posterior and lateral area. The osteophyte length was significantly correlated with age. Conclusion: The osteophytes that occurred at vertebral bodies, facet and transverse foramen may impinge on nearby structures. This study may help in explaining some clinical problems such as dysphagia, vertebrobasilar insufficiency and brachialgia.
8
Neary, Casey P., William W. Bush, Deena M. Tiches, Amy C. Durham, and Patrick R. Gavin. "Synovial Myxoma in the Vertebral Column of a Dog: MRI Description and Surgical Removal." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 50, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-5992.
Full textAbstract:
A 12 yr old castrated male mixed-breed dog presented with a 2 wk history of progressive tetraparesis. Neurologic deficits included a short-strided choppy gait in the thoracic limbs and a long-strided proprioceptive ataxia in the pelvic limbs. Withdrawal reflexes were decreased bilaterally in the thoracic limbs. Signs were consistent with a myelopathy of the caudal cervical/cranial thoracic spinal cord (i.e., the sixth cervical [C] vertebra to the second thoracic [T] vertebra). A mass associated with the C6–C7 articular facet on the left side was identified on MRI of the cervical spinal cord. The lesion was hyperintense to spinal cord parenchyma on T2-weighted images, hypointense on T1-weighted images, and there was strong homogenous contrast enhancement. Significant spinal cord compression was associated with the lesion. The mass was removed through a C6–C7 dorsal laminectomy and facetectomy. Histopathology of the mass was consistent with a synovial myxoma of the articular facet. A postoperative MRI showed complete surgical resection. Albeit rare, synovial myxomas should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for neoplasms affecting the vertebral columns in dogs.
9
Lalit, Monika, Sanjay Piplani, J. S. Kullar, and Anupama Mahajan. "Morphometric Analysis of Lateral Masses of Axis Vertebrae in North Indians." Anatomy Research International 2014 (August 24, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/425868.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Objective. The lateral masses of axis have good cancellous bone quality beneath the articular surface of facets that make this area a good site for the insertion of an internal fixation device. Methods. 60 dry axis vertebrae were obtained for anatomic evaluation focused on pedicle, superior and inferior articular facets, and foramen transversarium. Based upon linear and angular parameters the mean, range, and standard deviation were calculated. Results. The mean length, width, and height of the pedicle were 21.61 ± 2.37 mm, 8.82 ± 2.43 mm, and 5.63 ± 2.06 mm. The mean pedicle superior angle and median angle were 23.3 and 32.2 degrees. The mean superior articular facet length, width, and external and internal height were 16.34 ± 1.56 mm, 14.35 ± 1.75 mm, 8.98 ± 1.36 mm, and 4.23 ± 0.81 mm. Depth of vertebral artery was 4.72 ± 0.83 mm. Mean inferior articular facet length and width were 11.13 ± 1.43 mm and 7.89 ± 1.30 mm. The mean foramen transversarium length and width were 5.11 ± 0.91 mm and 5.06 ± 1.23 mm. Conclusions. The study may provide information for the surgeons to determine the safe site of entry and trajectory for the screw implantation and also to avoid injuries to vital structures while operating around axis.
10
Patkar, Sushil. "Posterior atlantoaxial fixation with new subfacetal axis screw trajectory avoiding vertebral artery with customized variable screw placement plate and screws to enhance biomechanics of fixation." Neurosurgical Focus: Video 3, no. 1 (July 2020): V10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.4.focusvid.20168.
Full textAbstract:
Fixation for atlantoaxial dislocation is a challenging issue, and posterior C1 lateral mass and C2 pars–pedicle screw plate–rod construct is the standard of care for atlantoaxial instability. However, vertebral artery injury remains a potential complication. Recent literature has focused on intraoperative navigation, the O-arm, 3D printing, and recently use of robots for perfecting the trajectory and screw position to avoid disastrous injury to the vertebral artery and enhance the rigidity of fixation. These technological advances increase the costs of the surgery and are available only in select centers in the developed world.Review of the axis bone anatomy and study of the stress lines caused by weight transmission reveal that the bone below the articular surface of the superior facet is consistently dense as it lies along the line of weight transmission A new trajectory for the axis screw 3–5 mm below the midpoint of the facet joint and directed downward and medially avoids the course of the vertebral artery and holds the axis rigidly. Divergent screw constructs are biomechanically stronger. Variable screw placement (VSP) plates with long shaft screws permit manipulation of the vertebrae and realignment of the facets to the correct reduced position with fixation in the compression mode.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/E1msiKjM-aA
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Face articular vertebral"
1
Alves, Paulo Henrique de Matos. "Caracterização morfológica da cartilagem do processo articular de vértebras cervicais e lombares de humanos jovens e idosos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-24072015-153020/.
Full textAbstract:
A lombalgia e a cervicalgia possui grande incidência em toda a população mundial. Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), em média, cerca de 80% da população adulta apresenta, em algum momento da vida, pelo menos uma queixa de dor na coluna, onde a degeneração da articulação do processo articular é frequentemente apontada como a etiologia. Diversos estudos vêm sendo realizados, na tentativa de se compreender como ocorre o processo degenerativo patológico dessas articulações, onde, frequentemente são usados indivíduos sintomáticos. Deste modo, avaliou-se, com o uso de técnicas macroscópicas, de microscopia de luz e de microscopia eletrônica, a organização estrutural da cartilagem dos processos articulares (CPas) das vértebras cervicais (C) e lombares (L) de indivíduos jovens (GJ) e idosos (GI), presumivelmente assintomáticos. Foram utilizados blocos vertebrais obtidos de cadáveres necropsiados no Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos da Capital do Estado de São Paulo, onde familiares de todos os indivíduos forneceram informações que permitiram incluir ou excluí-los da pesquisa. Os resultados mostram que ocorrem alterações na superfície da CPa do segmento L no GJ. A degeneração da CPa ocorre de forma heterogênea entre os indivíduos do GI e as característica do grau 2 podem ser admitidas como decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento normal, não havendo diferenças entre os segmentos C e L.Back pain and neck pain have a high occurrence in populations worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 80% of adults have at some instance in life pain in the spine with an etiology frequently indicated to be the degeneration of the articular process. Several studies have been undertaken to understand how the pathological degenerative process occurs and symptomatic subjects are frequently used for this end. Macroscopic and light and electron microscopy techniques have been employed to assess the structural organization of the cartilage of the articulation processes (CAP) of the cervical (C) and lumbar (L) vertebrae of presumably asymptomatic young (Y) and elderly (E) people. Samples, retrieved from routinely necropsied corpses by the Death Verification Service of the Capital City of the State of São Paulo (SVOC/SP) and the family of all individuals provided information that enabled include or exclude them from search. Results show that changes in the CAP surface of segment L of Y occur. CAP degradation occurs heterogeneously among elderly people, whereas second degree characteristics are caused by normal aging without any difference between the C and L segments.
Book chapters on the topic "Face articular vertebral"
1
Atkinson, Martin E. "The face and superficial neck." In Anatomy for Dental Students. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199234462.003.0032.
Full textAbstract:
The surface anatomies of the face and neck and their supporting structures that can be palpated have been described in Chapter 20. It is now time to move to the structures that lie under the skin but which cannot be identified by touch starting with the neck and moving up on to the face and scalp. The cervical vertebral column comprises the seven cervical vertebrae and the intervening intervertebral discs. These have the same basic structure as the thoracic vertebrae described in Section 10.1.1. Examine the features of the cervical vertebra shown in Figure 23.1 and compare it with the thoracic vertebra shown in Figure 10.3. You will see that cervical vertebrae have a small body and a large vertebral foramen. They also have two distinguishing features, a bifid spinous process and a transverse foramen, piercing each transverse process; the vertebral vessels travel through these foramina. The first and second vertebrae are modified. The first vertebra, the atlas, has no body. Instead, it has two lateral masses connected by anterior and posterior arches. The lateral masses have concave superior facets which articulate with the occipital condyles where nodding movements of the head take place at the atlanto-occipital joints. The second cervical vertebra, the axis, has a strong odontoid process (or dens because of its supposed resemblance to a tooth) projecting upwards from its body. This process is, in fact, the body of the first vertebra which has fused with the body of the axis instead of being incorporated into the atlas. The front of the dens articulates with the back of the anterior arch of the atlas; rotary (shaking) movements of the head occur at this joint. The seventh cervical vertebra has a very long spinous process which is easily palpable. The primary curvature of the vertebral column is concave forwards and this persists in the thoracic and pelvic regions. In contrast, the cervical and lumbar parts of the vertebral column are convexly curved anteriorly. These anterior curvatures are secondary curvatures which appear in late fetal life. The cervical curvature becomes accentuated in early childhood as the child begins to support its own head and the lumbar curve develops as the child begins to sit up.
2
Atkinson, Martin E. "The thoracic wall and diaphragm." In Anatomy for Dental Students. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199234462.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
The thoracic wall is made up of skeletal elements that form the thoracic cage (or more commonly, but less accurately, the rib cage) and muscles that move the components of the thoracic cage relative to each other for ventilation and postural movement. The thoracic cage is made up posteriorly by the thoracic part of the vertebral column, laterally and anteriorly by the ribs and costal cartilages, and by the sternum in the anterior mid-sternal area. The thoracic vertebral column is made up of 12 thoracic vertebrae and their intervertebral discs. The thoracic vertebrae are not arranged in a straight line, but are concave anteriorly as shown in Figure 9.2. All vertebrae have the following general configuration as shown in Figure 10.1A: • A heart-shaped body with two backward projections, the pedicles, either side of the vertebral foramen. The foramen forms the spinal canal with the foramina of other vertebrae. Note in Figure 10.1C that the pedicles are slightly shallow above and strongly grooved below to form intervertebral foramina with adjacent vertebrae for the passage of spinal nerves; • Two stout transverse processes running laterally and slightly posteriorly; • Two flat plates called laminae which join to form a long spinous process—you can feel the tips of the spinous processes very easily under the skin in the midline of your back; • Superior and inferior articular processes at the junction of the pedicles and laminae. In thoracic vertebrae, the superior facets are set vertically with the facets on the superior processes facing posterolaterally and those on the inferior processes anteromedially; the relative movement of the vertebrae is thus mainly rotary, but there is very little actual movement in the thoracic part of the vertebral column. The thoracic vertebrae are modified from this basic pattern to articulate with the ribs through several more articular facets as shown in Figure 10.1 A, B, and C. They carry on each side: • Shown most clearly in Figure 10.1 C, a superior and inferior demifacet (a half facet) on each side of the body for the heads of two ribs in the case of T2–T9 or a single complete facet for the head of one rib in the case of T1 and T10–T12; • Shown in Figure 10.1 A and B, a facet near the tip of each transverse process for the tubercle of a rib (except T11 and T12).
3
Parilovsky, Оlexander, and Ivan Yatsenko. "FORENSIC VETERINARY CHARACTERISTICS OF FRACTURES, FRACTURE DISLOCATIONS, DISLOCATIONS AND SUBLUXATIONS OF THE BONES IN THE ANIMAL SKELETONS QUALIFIED AS SEVERE INJURIES." In Priority areas for development of scientific research: domestic and foreign experience. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-049-0-42.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents forensic veterinary characteristics of fractures, fracture dislocations, dislocations and subluxations of skeletal bones in animals classified as severe injuries, including open and closed fractures of the upper and lower jaws, which lead to inability to receive normal food and water after healing; fracture or fracture dislocation of one or more thoracic or lumbar vertebrae along with spinal cord dysfunction or in the presence of clinically established severe shock; fracture of the dorsal or ventral arch of the first cervical vertebra; fractures and fracture dislocations of arches from the second to the seventh cervical vertebrae, as well as fractures of the dentate gyrus of the second cervical vertebra, including or excluding violation of the integrity and function of the spinal cord; dislocations and subluxations of the cervical vertebrae with life-threatening phenomena; closed fractures of the hyoid bone, closed and open injuries of the endocrine glands, which are located in the neck (thyroid, parathyroid, thymus - in young animals) - with life-threatening phenomena; open fractures of the humerus, femur and tibia; pelvic fractures with life-threatening phenomena. These injuries are classified as severe due to the fact that they harm the health of the animal and are life-threatening at the time of infliction, or after a certain period of time. They lead to the emergence and development of life-threatening phenomena and without necessary and sufficient veterinary care may end in death. A bone fracture is a complete violation of its anatomical integrity. Fractures can be non-fragmentary with the division of the bone into two fragments, fragmentary, and traumatic epiphysiolysis (with separation of bone part). If traumatic dislocation is accompanied by a fracture of the articular end of the bone, this condition should be diagnosed as fracture dislocation. For forensic veterinary examination of animals in case of fractures of tubular bones, such important features as the type of deformation (displacement (cutting), bending, compression, torsion, tension), the direction of the fracture line, the depth of penetration of fragments, the place of application of fractures, differentiation of injury, establishing the characteristics of the subject, the sequence of injury and the mechanism of injury should be taken into account. The empirical basis of the study is the analysis of expert opinions on the results of forensic veterinary examinations on animal cruelty, conducted in the Bureau of Forensic Veterinary Research at Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy from 2010 to 2020, as well as at the laboratory of forensic research of the National Research Center “Institute of Forensic Science named after Professor M.S. Bokarius” of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine from 2017 to 2020. The aim of the study was to provide forensic veterinary characteristics of fractures of the skeletal bones in animals qualified as serious injuries. Modern methods of scientific cognition are used, in particular: general scientific (system-structural analysis, logical-grammatical, modelling), as well as special (clinical and pathomorphological).
4
Goldfinger, Eliot. "Miscellaneous Animals Skeleton." In Animal Anatomy for Artists. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142143.003.0014.
Full textAbstract:
American bison characteristics: Has very long spinous processes on thoracic vertebrae (especially between the shoulders). Four digits with hoofs per limb. Two central toes are large and weight-bearing; vestigial inner and outer toes, with hoofs, are very small and located higher on side of foot and to the rear (they do not articulate with the skeleton and do not touch the ground). Walks on toes. Front half of body develops permanent long hair, especially on the top of the skull, the chin, and the forearms). Rear half looses thick fur cover in the summer, so difference between hair length of front and rear portions of body is very pronounced in warm months, with a clear line of demarcation. Both sexes have horns. African elephant characteristics: Middle of back profile concave/low (convex/high in Indian). Nose extends into long, flexible, muscular trunk with nostrils and one prehensile finger-like projection at tip (two in Indian). Large skull; short nasal bones located high on skull (for attachment of trunk). Brain surrounded by thick, airy bone. Single rounded prominences on top of head (double in Indian). Upper incisors elongated into continuously growing tusks, in both male and female. Very large ears (larger than Indian). Short neck—cervical vertebrae compressed front to back. Rib cage extends to pelvis. Thick, pillar-like columnar limbs (bones in almost vertical straight line) and shoulder and hip sockets face downward, all to support massive body weight. Short feet. All feet have five digits—some inner and outer toes may be reduced and without hoofs. Both front and rear feet have an extra small, elongated bone (prepollex in front and prehallux in rear) just to the inside of the first digit. Front foot has four or five hoofs (five in Indian). Hind foot usually has three, four, or five hoofs (four or five in Indian). Thick elastic pad on sole of foot. Foot in life somewhat cylindrical or conical. When the animal is lying on belly, knee touches ground (femur directed downward); lower leg continues straight back. Long tail has wispy tuft of coarse hair.
Conference papers on the topic "Face articular vertebral"
1
Claeson, Amy A., David J. Nuckley, and Victor H. Barocas. "Characterization of In Vivo Lumbar Range of Motion During Flexion in Healthy Subjects." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14263.
Full textAbstract:
The lumbar facet joint (FJ) is a unique structure located on the posterior spine. The joint is composed of two articular facets from adjacent vertebrae, which are connected by a flexible and strong facet capsular ligament (FCL) (Figure 1). Two FJs (one on each side of the spinous process) are located at every spine level and along with the IVD, create a motion segment. During spinal flexion and extension, the FCL undergoes a complex motion, with extension and shear dominating the deformation (Figure 2). The collagenous FCL guides and restricts the relative motion of adjacent vertebra in flexion.
2
Claeson, Amy A., Yi-Jou Yeh, Taner Akkin, Beth A. Winkelstein, David J. Nuckley, and Victor H. Barocas. "OCT Detects Collagen Fiber Alignment in Human Cadaveric Lumbar Facet Capsular Ligament During Mechanical Loading." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80296.
Full textAbstract:
The lumbar facet capsular ligament (FCL) is a highly collagenous structure that functions to constrain lumbar spinal motion. Two FCLs are found at each level of the spine, flanking the spinous process. The ligament spans from the inferior articular process (IAP) of the superior vertebra to the superior articular process (SAP) of the inferior vertebra forming the posterior portion of the facet capsule (Figure 1). Along with the anteriorly located ligamentum flavum, the FCL contains the synovial fluid that lubricates the facet joint. The facet capsule is highly innervated [1] and may be involved in low back pain or proprioception. Thus, changes in collagen fiber alignment from mechanical loading may activate mechanoreceptors leading to proprioception or nociceptors leading to pain.
3
Li, Lei, Zhaohua Chang, Xuelian Gu, and Chengli Song. "Design and Research of Interspinous Lumbar Non-Fusion Device." In ASME 2010 5th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2010-32064.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Long term clinical data showed that lumbar fusion for Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) therapy could change the loads of disc and articular facet and increase the motion of adjacent segments which lead to facet arthropathy and adjacent level degeneration. This study is to design and analyze an interspinous process device (IPD) that could prevent adjacent level degeneration in the LSS and LDD therapy. Method: The IPD was designed based on anatomical parameters measured from 3D CT images directly. The IPD was inserted at the validated finite element model of the mono-segmental L3/L4. The biomechanical performance of a pair of interbody fusion cages and a paired pedicel screws were studied to compare with the IPD. The model was loaded with the upper body weight and muscle forces to simulate five loading cases including standing, compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. Results: The interbody fusion cage induced serious stress concentration on the surface of vertebral body, has the worst biomechanical performance among the three systems. Pedicle screws and interbody fusion cage could induce stress concentration within vertebral body which leads to vertebral compression fracture or screw loosening. Regarding to disc protection, the IPD had higher percentage to share the load of posterior lumbar structure than the pedicel screws and interbody fusion cage. Conclusion: IPD has the same loads as pedicle screw-rod which suggests it has a good function in the posterior stability. While the IPD had much less influence on vertebral body. Furthermore, IPD could share the load of intervertebral discs and facet joints to maintain the stability of lumbar spine.