Journal articles: 'Face grinding wheel'

1

Mindek, R. B., and T. D. Howes. "Slot and Vertical Face Grinding of Aerospace Components." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 3 (1996): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816693.

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Workpiece profile accuracy, wheel wear, and thermal damage were investigated for the grinding of slots and vertical faces on MAR-M-247, Inconel 713C, and M-2 tool steel using both alumina and cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheels. It was found when grinding with alumina wheels that the wheel corner and first 2.5 mm of the grinding wheel sidewall account for all the grinding forces in the vertical, horizontal, and transverse directions, and therefore is responsible for all the significant grinding done on the sideface of the workpiece. Since previous work links wheel wear and workpiece thermal damage during grinding to grinding forces, this finding suggests that the area around the wheel corner is the critical region of importance in grinding these types of profiles in terms of wheel wear and the heat input to the workpiece. These, in turn, are linked to workpiece profile accuracy and metallurgical damage. Results also show that striation marks inherent in sidewall grinding can be minimized by controlling the maximum normal infeed rate of the wheel. A method for minimizing the heat input into the workpiece by minimizing grinding force during vertical face grinding is also reported.

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Peterka, Jozef, Jakub Hrbál, Ivan Buranský, and Jozef Martinovič. "Experimental Investigation of Wearing Grinding Wheels After Machining Sintered Carbide." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 28, no. 47 (2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2020-0014.

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Abstract Solid cutting tools are widely applied in the machining of shape parts and mainly fabricated using the grinding operations. Solid cutting tools are of specific geometry and shape. The tool geometry is created by mutual movement grinding wheels and stock. In the grinding of its manufacturing, grinding wheels are worn out gradually with the grinding number increasing. The wearing grinding wheel has a significant influence on the accuracy geometry of the tool produced. The paper focuses on the wear of the grinding wheels based on diamonds, and the grinding wheels based on cubic boron nitride. The wear rate of the grinding wheels is affected by the properties of a grinding wheel, grinding conditions, and type of cutting material. A measure of the ability of a grinding wheel to remove material is given by the Grinding ratio. The grinding ratio (G ratio) is defined as the volume of material removed (Vw) divided by the volume of wheel wear (Vs). Periphery grinding wheels were used in the experiments. Cylindrical face grinding was used for the machining of sintered carbide stock with a diameter of 20 mm. The results of the experiment show that the diamond-based grinding wheels are more suitable for grinding sintered carbide.

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3

Yang, Zhi Bo, L. M. Zhang, Jiu Hua Xu, and G. L. Zhao. "Performance of Laser Brazing Diamond Grinding Wheel in Face Grinding." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.145.

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A new technology kind of brazed monolayer cup diamond grinding wheel was developed via laser in an argon atmosphere. Grinding performances of this kind of brazed wheel in the surface grinding of the granites were studied. The experiment results show that the normal grinding forces and wear of diamond grits become higher with the increasing of the accumulated removal volume during grinding granites process. When continuous dry grinding was employed, the grits of the brazed diamond grinding wheel fail mainly in attired wear mode other than pull-out ones in conventional electroplated and sintered diamond tools, which indicates that the strong retention of brazing alloy to the diamond grits and longer service life of this kind of wheel.

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4

Li, Xing Shan, Mei Li Shao, Jun Wang, and Yu Shan Lu. "Simulation of the Surface Roughness by End Face Grinding Wheel with Ordered Abrasive Pattern." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.898.

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In order to improve the grinding performance of end face grinding wheel, the ordered theory is applied to the design of grinding wheel. Based on the track equation of the end grinding, the effects of grinding parameters on the surface roughness are studied and compared with the workpiece appearance by grinding wheel with different abrasive patterns. The simulation results show that the surface roughness values are lower by the grinding wheel with phyllotactic pattern than other patterns. It will provide theoretical basis for designing abrasive ordered pattern of grinding wheel.

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Fujiwara, T., Shinya Tsukamoto, Kazuhito Ohashi, and Takashi Onishi. "Study on Grinding Force Distribution on Cup Type Electroplated Diamond Wheel in Face Grinding of Cemented Carbide." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.9.

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In order to establish a high performance grinding method of cemented carbide, the grinding force distribution on the working surface of the cup type electroplated diamond grinding wheel is experimentally analyzed with the grinding force variation of face grinding, which is carried out on the narrow workpiece. The grinding force distribution is obtained by the successive difference of the grinding force variation. The grinding state becomes steady as soon as beginning of the interference of grinding wheel in workpiece, because the edge profile of workpiece is formed as same as the envelope of the grinding wheel. Main conclusions obtained in this study are as follows. In the region of the front edge of the grinding wheel, relatively large grinding force occurs, then in the region of the rear edge of the grinding wheel, the grinding force becomes smaller. In the left right-side end of the wheel, the grinding forces are larger than the center of the wheel. It is made clear that the grinding force distribution shows the peak value near the outer part of the wheel, and the peak value is larger in the center part of the wheel, on the contrary, the peak width become broad in both the left and right-side end of the wheel.

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Milsimerová, Aneta. "The Solution Design of Hobbing Worm Milling Cutters Face Teeth Undercut." Materials Science Forum 919 (April 2018): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.919.59.

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Face teeth grinding of special tools, as hobing worm milling cutters are, is the shape and cinematically complex operation with the respect to achieving the necessary accuracy and resultant shape geometry. The grinding wheel shape, it ́s size and the control helix angle of hobing worm are the primary factors which are compelling the ground groove accuracy during the face teeth sharpening process. Inappropriately selected combination of these parameters causes undercut of this surface and the negative impact on required accuracy. The main aim of the solution is to find a variable and to create a parametric mathematical model to calculate appropriate grinding wheel shape according to the input factors – hobing worm and grinding wheel parameters which affects this issue. This system will be used to create the initial grinding wheel surface and a helix groove undercut calculation program. The graphical part of this programme will be the next benefit.

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Huo, F. W., D. M. Guo, Z. J. Jin, R. K. Kang, and Z. Y. Zhang. "Ultra-precision grinding of a hydrostatic mechanical sealing ring face with extremely shallow taper angle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 225, no. 4 (2011): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem2155.

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This paper investigates the potential application of infeed grinding using a rotary table and cup grinding wheel to process a sealing ring with extremely shallow tapered faces. A mathematical model for the shape of the face of the ring is developed. The shape characteristics and the influence of machine parameters, such as the distance between the centres of the rotary table and the grinding wheel, the wheel's radius, the pitch angle, and the roll angle on the conical error, are investigated. An optimization model is developed that defines the minimum form error and the optimal machine configuration parameters. It is found that the face of the ring can be approximated as a circular conical surface. It is shown that the minimum theoretical form error is less than a nanometre for rings with an outer diameter of 300 mm. It is predicted that infeed grinding using a rotary table and cup grinding wheel is capable of processing the face of the ring to high form accuracy and this prediction is validated by experimental results.

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8

Li, Xing Shan, Mei Li Shao, Jun Wang, and Yu Shan Lu. "Simulation of Grinding Surface Roughness by End Face Grinding Wheel with Phyllotactic Abrasive Pattern." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.543.

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In order to improve the performance of end face grinding wheel, the phyllotaxis theory is introduced into the design of the wheel. Meanwhile the movement track equation of the end grinding is established, and the effects of the phyllotactic coefficient on the grinding surface roughness are studied. The simulation results show that the lower surface roughness values can be obtained when choosing reasonable phyllotactic coefficient. It will provide theoretical basis for the ordered abrasive patterns of the end grinding wheel.

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9

Yang, Xing Hua, Jian Feng Yang, Jian Guang Bai, and Sao Chun Xu. "The Effect of Porosity of CBN Grinding Tools on Grinding Properties." Materials Science Forum 724 (June 2012): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.724.363.

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The CBN grinding wheels with different porosity, which used 100/120 CBN grind grain and 15μm glass powder as main starting materials, pore creating material as auxiliary material, were prepared by conventional sintering technology; Used GCr15 bearing steel which quenching hardness was 60HRC as ground materials, investigated the effect of porosity of CBN wheel on its cutting ability. In this paper , the metal removal rate was measured by electronic analytical balance, surface roughness of GCr15 was analyzed used LEXT laser scanning confocal microscope and the surface topography of grinding face was observed used scanning electron microscope. The investigated results showed that the metal removal rate acutely increasing with the porosity of wheels increasing in same loading weight, it reached 0.445g/min with 41% porosity in 3500g loading weight, at the same time, the difference of surface roughness caused by variation of porosity of CBN grinding wheel was slight, it did not severely lower machining precision of workpiece.

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10

Cao, L. X., H. J. Wu, and J. Liu. "Kinematic Analysis of Face Grinding Process at Lapping Machines." Key Engineering Materials 291-292 (August 2005): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.291-292.145.

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The precise face grinding and lapping technology with abrasive or abrasive tool has been widely used in the field of the precise manufacture and ultraprecise manufacture. It has become an essential technology in the manufacture of many components. The planetary lapping machine is typical equipment for face grinding or lapping process. And the relative motions between the workpieces and grinding wheel will affect the formation of wear profiles of the tools, furthermore, the work result will be affected directly by the cutting path of this relative motions. In this paper, the kinematic principle of face grinding process on lapping machines has been analyzed. By means of the concept of pitch point and pitch circles, the complicated grinding process has been converted into two kinds of rotations with the fixed center distance. Two kinds of path curves, i.e. workpiece against grinding wheel and grinding wheel against workpiece, and their relations are analyzed. The geometrical analyses and the manufacture quality of the workpiece are linked with the aid of the cutting velocity, the range of the rotational angle of the cutting traces and the rate of the change of the rotational angle with time. The optimal path curve and kinematic parameters are achieved, and these results are corresponding to the experimental results.

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11

Wang, Shao Lei, Bin Lin, Yan Wang, and Xiao Yan Cao. "A New Method of Variable Forming Point Grinding Revolving Parts with Convex Function Generatrix." Materials Science Forum 770 (October 2013): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.770.141.

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12

Chen, Xiao Dong, Hong Xi Wang, and Qi Cheng Lao. "Development of Calculating Grinding Wheel-Profile Software Applied to the Sharping Grinder Machine." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.135.

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The grinding wheel-profile is mostly formed by adjusting the angle of cylindrical profile model when regrinding gear hob with the large helix flute. Repeat trial cutting is needed with this method, which results in low efficiency. In order to improve the efficiency of processing, a mathematical model of grinding wheel profile was establish in according to forming principle of the rake face of gear hob and accurately calculate grinding wheel-profile. A automatic programming system of calculating grinding wheel-profile and automatically generate NC code is developed with the developing tool of VC++.

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13

Zhan, You Ji, Yuan Li, Hui Huang, and Xi Peng Xu. "Energy and Material Removal Mechanisms for the Grinding of Cemented Carbide with Brazed Diamond Wheels." Solid State Phenomena 175 (June 2011): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.175.58.

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An investigation was undertaken to explore the specific energy and material removal mechanisms involved in the grinding of cemented carbide with vacuum brazing diamond wheels. A mathematical model, relating to the grinding parameters such as wheel velocity, workpiece feedrate and depth of cut, was proposed to predict specific grinding energy, and was verified by experimental data. This verification came as a result of surface grinding two typical cemented carbides (YG8 and YG30) with a vacuum brazing diamond wheel under various grinding conditions. The earlier model’s prediction shows a direct correlation with the experimental results. Good relationships between the consumed power per unit width with the plowed face areas generated by all cutting points per unit width were obtained. Microscopic examination of the ground surfaces and the grinding detritus by a digital and video microscope system also revealed that material removal occurred mainly by flow-type chip formation (plastic flow) while grinding YG8 and by blocky fracture particles formation (brittle fracture) while grinding YT30.

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14

Kundrák, János, Vladimir Fedorovich, Ivan Pyzhov, Angelos P. Markopoulos, and Vitaly Klimenko. "Some Features of the Surface Micro- and Macroprofile Formation at Flat Face Grinding with Spindle Axis Inclination." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.45.

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The work described in this paper pertains to the identification of some features of micro- and macroprofile formation of surfaces to be machined with flat face grinding, with inclination of the spindle axis. The question of the formation of machined surface profile at through-feed grinding and multiple-pass scheme are considered by using computer-aided simulations in COMPASS environment. More specifically, for flat face through-feed grinding, a generalized empirical equation exhibiting the dependency of concavity from the outer diameter of the face grinding wheel, the spindle axis inclination angle and the width of the surface of the workpiece is acquired. Furthermore, based on the maximum allowable value of flatness deviation and with pre-determined grinding wheel diameter and workpiece width, it is possible to identify the maximum inclination angle at which concavity falls within acceptable limits. For the case of multiple pass flat face grinding, the role of factors such as inclination angle of spindle axis, cross-feed and diameter of the grinding wheel on the height of residual ridges on the surface of the parts is determined through the proposal of an empirical equation. With the aforementioned equations the machinist may reasonably prescribe machining conditions in practice. The conducted research contributes to the expansion of ideas regarding technological possibilities of improvement of flat face grinding.

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15

Rababah, Mahmoud M., Ze Zhong C. Chen, and Li Ming Wang. "A New Approach to Five-Axis CNC Flute Grinding of Solid End-Mills." Materials Science Forum 723 (June 2012): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.723.421.

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The traditional cutting tools grinding reveals inexact tool flutes that altered the tool strength and affect the chip evacuation capabilities. Moreover, the normal rake angles are neither exact nor varying smoothly on the rake face along the cutting edge. Adopting the rake face grinding process, the wheel shape and path are optimized using GODLIKE scheme in order to grind the tool flutes with exact helical and normal rake angles while keeping close matching to the designed flutes. A tapered ball-end mill is considered in this study due to its extensive role in five-axis sculpture surfaces machining. With this approach proposed, a simple grinding wheel replaces the complex wheels commonly used, and the deviation between the designed and the generated flutes reveals less than 4 % of the tool minor radius. Beside all, a relationship between the radial and the normal rake angles are established.

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16

FUKUDA, Takabumi, Jun-ichiro TAKAGI, Kazuo NAKAYAMA, and Keisuke YAMAOKA. "Development of sharpness tester for grinding wheel face." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 54, no. 11 (1988): 2176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.54.2176.

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17

Tang, Jin-yuan, Wei Cui, Heng Zhou, and Feng Yin. "Integrity of grinding face-gear with worm wheel." Journal of Central South University 23, no. 1 (2016): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3051-y.

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Chen, Tao, Xian Chuang Li, Chang Hong Wang, Guang Miao, and Yan Yan Wang. "The Grinding and Test of Annular Milling Cutter with Double-Circular-Arc." Materials Science Forum 836-837 (January 2016): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.836-837.205.

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For the problem of the non standard cutter shape cutting edge not smooth transition connection and flank face of cutting tool grinding precision difference, the influence of wheel deformation is analyzed to different grinding linear speed, and the grinding wheel deformation error compensation grinding method is studied in this work. The grinding of annular milling cutter with double-circular-arc is processed in five axis CNC tool grinder. Finally the machining precision of annular milling cutter with double-circular-arc is tested by the tool test center, the result show that the wheel grinding method based on compensation of grinding can realize smooth transition in different parts of cutting edge belt of annular milling cutter with double-circular-arc and flank grinding precision is ensured.

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Świercz, Rafał, Józef Zawora, Lucjan Dąbrowski, and Mieczysław Marciniak. "Modification of 3D active wheel surface structure." Mechanik 90, no. 10 (2017): 900–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.10.141.

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The investigation has been carried out into the effect of modifying the active wheel surface structure in view of enhancing productivity of the grinding process. This undertaking should be consistent with standard surface roughness requirements. This modification involves the model-based shares of the two SiC grain grit sizes and two CrA grit sizes in the grinding pins with ceramic bond for the face grinding process.

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Li, Xiao Zhen, Zheng Min Qing Li, and Ru Peng Zhu. "Study on a Principle of Grinding Process of Face Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.262.

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In order to process the hardened face-gear, and improve the surface’s accuracy, the grinding process of face gear is studied. According to the equation of tooth surface, the tooth surface is drawn by a series of space curve, the contact point’s trajectory and velocity at the processing of grinding are determined in three coordinate directions. The model of grinding machine is set up, and analyses the movement of relationship between tool and face-gear. The simple grinding wheel apply complex movement to grinding process the face-gear is successful.

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Li, D. P., Ying Xue Yao, and Z. J. Yuan. "The Experimental Investigation of Face Grinding of Al2024/SiCp with Electroplated Diamond Wheel." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.613.

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In this paper experiments of the face grinding of Al2024/SiCp through the use of electroplated diamond wheel were carried out. The results indicated that high quality processed surface was achieved by face grinding machining, under the experiment conditions of this paper, the surface roughness was between Ra0.185 μm and Ra0.512μm, and the residual stress of processed surface was compressive stress. Grinding parameter had little effect on tangential force and normal force. Axial grinding force increased with the increasing of grinding depth and was stronger than grinding forces in other two directions.

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Chen, Feng Jun, Shao Hui Yin, and S. J. Hu. "Modeling and Computer Simulation of Grinding for Ball-End Milling Cutter with Equal Normal Rake Angle." Advanced Materials Research 53-54 (July 2008): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.53-54.225.

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In this paper, a new mathematical model and grinding method of ball-end milling cutter are proposed, based on the orthogonal spiral cutting edge curve. The movements of grinding wheel and ball-end milling cutter are presented while grinding rake face. In order to grind conveniently and avoid interference, a conical wheel is also designed and employed to grind the rake face of ball-end milling cutter on a grinder. In order to improve the machining characteristics of ball-end milling cutter, the model of rake face with equal rake angle is established. The software of ball-end milling cutter is developed to design and optimize different shapes of rake face. Furthermore, the simulation analysis on rake face with equal rake angle is carried out to confirm the validation of the mathematical models.

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Ren, Xiao Zhong, Xiao Yang Du, Jian Xin Su, and Jun Peng Ding. "Error Analysis and Simulation of Gear Form Grinding." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3109.

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Gear form grinding is an efficient finish machining method for the gears with hard face. There are many factors which have an influence on tooth error in grinding process. In addition to the form error of form grinding wheel, the radial feed depth of grinding wheel has large impact on the tooth error. Based on the principle of gear form grinding, the influence of wheel feed depth on tooth error is analyzed theoretically. The magnitude of error is also analyzed quantitatively according to the simulation result obtained by means of tooth error analysis module, which is developed based on VC + +6.0 software analysis. The research result has a certain reference value for preparing CNC form grinding process and setting machine tool properly.

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Yao, Bin, W. M. Xi, C. R. Chen, and L. Shi. "Innovated Precision Grinding by Exploiting Grinding Point Movement in Radial Direction and Forward Backward Feeding of Wheel." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.63.

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A novel precision grinding technique optimum is proposed for grinding workpiece’s convex surface. The grinding point moves in radial direction on wheel’s planar face, while the grinding wheel feed in forward and backward direction. The calculation model of cutting location is established, experiments and data are shown. The advantages are illustrated by achieved higher precision grinding, extended life span of wheel, reduced deformation of machining system, and easier dressed following dullness. Via comparing the machining error to conventional methods, it is suggested that technique is an optimum option, in particular, for grinding convex surface of workpiece made of brittle and hard materials.

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Anderson, David, Andrew Warkentin, and Robert Bauer. "EFFECT OF FACE COOLING ON WORKPIECE TEMPERATURES USING 2D AND 3D FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CREEP-FEED GRINDING." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 32, no. 3-4 (2008): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2008-0029.

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This work uses validated 2D and 3D finite element models of the creep-feed grinding operation to study the effects of face cooling on the workpiece temperatures. The results show that as the intensity of the face cooling is increased the maximum contact temperature decreases and the location of the maximum contact temperature shifts away from the finished workpiece material and towards the uncut workpiece surface. The finite element models are also used to study the maximum temperatures along the workpiece during a complete grinding pass. The temperature profiles show that there are four important temperature features on the workpiece, which are the cut-in, steady-state, temperature spike, and cut-out zones. Cut-in occurs when the grinding wheel initially engages the workpiece, steady-state occurs in the middle of the workpiece, the temperature spike occurs at the beginning of cut-out, and cut-out occurs as the grinding wheel disengages from the workpiece. Finally, the results show that face cooling need only be applied to the area immediately adjacent to the contact zone to be effective and that there is very little benefit to applying coolant to the entire front and back workpiece faces.

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Palacz, Magdalena, Tatiana N. Ivanova, Alexander M. Kozlov, and Wojciech Kaniak. "The Prospects of Abrasive Treatment of Tough-To-Machine Materials." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 4, no. 1 (2021): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2021-0015.

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Abstract In current conditions, great attention is paid to the quality of parts, which is in many ways determined by finishing operations of mechanical treatment, with surface grinding being the most widespread. Grinding process efficiency, abrasive tool wear intensity, machined surface quality and other features of grinding process depend on properties of the environment, where the cutting process takes place. Forced changing of conditions of this environment is one of the ways to control and optimize the grinding process, which can be reached due to finding new technological decisions. One of the most promising directions to solve this problem is the process of face grinding with discontinuous grinding tool and supply of cooling fluid or air in the cutting zone directly. Carried analysis of features of face grinding has shown that heat density can be decreased by the usage by grooved wheels with vortex air cooling or by supply of cooling-lubricant technological fluid. Obtained dependences of temperature field of part surface during grinding establish the influence of the length of working shoulders and grooves, vortex tubes number, outflow rate, temperature and flow rate of cold vortex flow of air. These data provide conscious control over the process of discontinuous face grinding by changing wheel grain size and grinding speed.

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Ning, Zhao, Tao Li, and Guo Hui. "High Precision Grinding Wheel Dressing Control Based on PLC." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1809.

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This paper explains PLC control method dealing with grinding wheel dressing, which can be utilized for ultra-precision aviation face gear processing etc. Among the previous processings, shapers and sphericity hob were applied. Whereas gear slotting processing and gear hobbing processing can not achieve project precision. Therefore this new solution was designed: fristly deal with wheel dressing problem, secondly dress face gear with grinding wheel previously dressed. This paper resolved the first problem, within which most crucial part is precise control of switching time. Timers application realized synchronization. There is a PLC managing two driving motors’ synchronization. Two motors working in different but fixed speeds, whilst switching directions at a precisely same time.

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Song, Wen Qing, Yong Bo Wu, Jian Guo Cao, and Jing Ti Niu. "A Study on Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding of Nickel-Based Superalloys." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.356.

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Ultrasonic assisted grinding experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of the ultrasonic vibration (UV) on the face grinding characteristics of nickel based superalloy of Rene77. In experiments, an electroplated cBN grinding wheel was ultrasonically vibrated dominantly along its axis. The experimental results indicated that the X-axis and Y-axis components of grinding forces with UV were smaller by 44.5% and 31.6%, respectively, than those without UV. The usual fractures and debris on the surface of workpiece disappeared and the work-surface roughness Ra was decreased by 42.3% once the UV was applied. The abrasion of the grinding wheel without UV is more serious than that with UV.

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Li, Xue Guang, Guo Quan Shi, Shu Ren Zhang, and Lin Sen Song. "Experimental Research on Machining Process for Convex Curved Rake Face of Pinion Cutter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.495.

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According to the new profiling characteristic of carbide pinion cutter with convex curved rake face, the machining process of convex curved rake face is designed, the special grinding equipment is designed and developed. Tool presetting and detecting equipment is developed by using laser sensor. It can be used to locate the initial location of grinding wheel precisely when convex curved rake face is machining. The tool path for CNC machining is solved. The grinding experiment is done for convex curved rake face of pinion cutter with 21teeth and 5modulus , different process parameters are established. The ideal surface roughness is obtained. The experiment result shows that the grinding equipment and tool presetting equipment are proper for machining requirements of convex curved rake face of pinion cutter.

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30

Guo, C., and S. Malkin. "Analysis of Transient Temperatures in Grinding." Journal of Engineering for Industry 117, no. 4 (1995): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803535.

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Temperatures generated in the workpiece during straight surface plunge grinding follow a transient behavior as the grinding wheel engages with and disengages from the workpiece, and throughout the entire grinding pass for workpieces which are shorter than needed to reach a quasi-steady state condition. In the present paper, a thermal model is developed for the transient temperature distribution under regular and creep-feed grinding conditions. Numerical results obtained using a finite difference method indicate that the workpiece temperature rises rapidly during initial wheel-workpiece engagement (cut in), subsequently reaches a quasi-steady state value if the workpiece is sufficiently long, and increases still further during final wheel-workpiece disengagement (cut out) as workpiece material is suddenly unavailable to dissipate heat. Cooling by a nozzle directed at the end face of the workpiece should significantly reduce the temperature rise during cut out.

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31

Uhlmann, E., T. Hoghé, and M. Kleinschnitker. "Grinding wheel wear prediction at double face grinding with planetary kinematics using analytic simulation." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 69, no. 9-12 (2013): 2315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5197-1.

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32

Kalchenko, Volodymyr, Vitalіі Kalchenko, Antonina Kolohoida, Olga Kalchenko, and Dmytro Kalchenko. "Building a model of the process of shaping tapered calibrating areas of wheels at the two-sided grinding of round ends." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 1 (116) (2022): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.253660.

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This paper reports the spatial modeling of the dressing process of grinding wheels with a conical calibration area to enable two-sided end grinding of cylindrical parts. Components with cylindrical end surfaces are common in the industry, for example, bearing rollers, crosses, piston fingers, and others. High requirements are put forward for the accuracy and quality of the end surfaces. The most efficient is to machine them simultaneously on a double-sided face grinding machine. To improve the quality, grinding is carried out by oriented wheels. The wheel’s angle of rotation in the vertical plane is chosen subject to the uniform distribution of the allowance along a working surface; this makes it possible to reduce the temperature in the cutting zone and improve machining conditions. To improve the accuracy, grinding wheels are provided with a conical calibration area whose rectilinear generatrix is in the plane passing through the axis of wheel rotation and is perpendicular to the end of the part. The minimum permissible length of the calibration area depends on the diameter of the parts being machined; that makes it possible to utilize the work surface more efficiently. Two wheels are dressed simultaneously using diamond pencils that are symmetrically installed in a part feed drum. The angular velocity when dressing the rough area of the wheel is constant, which ensures its different development, and it gradually decreases when dressing the calibration area to provide for its constant roughness. In general, this prolongs the resource of grinding wheels and the quality of machining. The wheels are given axial movement to ensure the straightness of the cone calibration area. The dressing technique reported here can be used on machines equipped with a numerical software control system and without it. It could also be applied in the machining of parts with non-round ends

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Bao, Ze Fu, Ya Zhou Jiang, and Jiang Ping Wang. "NC Grinder Sliding-Table Component Design for Face Gear." Advanced Materials Research 429 (January 2012): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.429.83.

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Face gear drive, a new type of gear , is meshed by a cylindrical gear and a bevel gear. It has many unique advantages. Especially in high-speed and heavy-load situation, it has obvious advantages and wide application in the aviation field of power transmission. But the surface gear's major object is low productivity, processing and complex machine tools, adjustment difficulties, high processing costs. Based on this, briefly discussed the status of face gear drive and needs further study, the author proposes a butterfly gear grinding wheel becomes the grinding face gear's theory and the processing method, the author elaborated the numerically-controlled machine tool realizes the surface gear grinding processing method, and has carried on the reasonable choice and the examination to the numerical control gear grinding machine's horizontal sliding table major component (ball screw).

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Zhao, Xian Feng, Hong Yan Shi, and Lin He. "The Mathematic Model of End Mill’s Rake Face Based on the Fillet and Two Attitude Angles of Grinding Wheel." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.249.

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The mathematic model of rake face was set up for precise description on the rake face of end mill in grinding process, with its basis on the fillet of grinding wheel with six axes linkage movement and two attitude angles. The sectional drawing of rake face and three-dimensional entity were drawn based on the mathematic model in SolidWorks. At the same time, the discrete entity of rake face also set up based on the Boolean calculation. The sectional drawing of mathematic model and the discrete entity tallies with each other perfectly, which indicates the correctness about the mathematic model of rake face.

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Isobe, Hiromi, Natsuki Sasada, Keisuke Hara, and Jun Ishimatsu. "Visualization of Stress Distribution by Photoelastic Method Under Ultrasonic Grinding Condition." International Journal of Automation Technology 13, no. 6 (2019): 736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2019.p0736.

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This study investigates phenomena in ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding. The appropriateness of a stress visualization method is proven through comparison of a Hertzian contact stress analysis using finite element methods. The stress distribution on soda-lime glass caused by a 3-mm-diameter diamond electro-deposited wheel is visualized using a photo-elasticity method. The study compares the local stress concentrations caused by grains with and without ultrasonic wheel vibration. The global reaction force is measured by a dynamometer. The ultrasonic vibration leads to a reduced fluctuation of force, as well as a reduced time-averaged force. It is thought that the ultrasonic vibration causes a smaller local stress beneath the grains, which generates chips. In contrast, typical photo-elasticity methods are applicable for plane stress conditions. However, the stress distribution in a workpiece under a face grinding condition is distributed three-dimensionally, and the stress distribution cannot be recognized directly from the phase difference. Assuming that the stress distribution is sufficiently stable in a wheel rotation, continuously-captured images can be reconstructed to produce a 3D stress distribution, using computed tomography. The experimental tomographic images show a spatially-dispersed phase difference image caused by the electro-deposited wheel, with several discontinuous diamond grains on the end face of the wheel.

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Evstigneev, A. D. "Acoustic assessment of grinding-wheel life in the bilateral face grinding of thick-walled blanks." Russian Engineering Research 33, no. 5 (2013): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x13050055.

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GUO, Hui. "Face Gear Grinding Method Using Six-axis CNC Worm Wheel Machine." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 51, no. 11 (2015): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2015.11.186.

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Wang, Yanzhong, Zhou Lan, Liangwei Hou, Hongpu Zhao, and Yang Zhong. "A precision generating grinding method for face gear using CBN wheel." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 79, no. 9-12 (2015): 1839–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-6962-0.

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Mizuno, Masahiro, Akira Karibe, Nobuhito Yoshihara, Naohiro Nishikawa, and Toshiro Iyama. "Development of a New Truing Device Based on Electro-Contact Discharge Machining for Metal Bond Grinding Wheels." Materials Science Forum 874 (October 2016): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.874.268.

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Metal bond grinding wheels can retain their shape and size under extreme grinding conditions. On the other hand, it is difficult to true them accurately and efficiently due to the severe wear of truing tools. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a new truing device based on electro-contact discharge machining. The device is designed so that the position of the electrode working face remains unchanged even if the electrode is worn. Some truing experiments were carried out using a prototype truing device for a metal bond diamond wheel of grain size #1000 under dry conditions. As a result, relatively high truing accuracy has been achieved in combination with an additional truing by a GC stone.

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Gusev, Vladimir. "Aerodynamic streams at cylindrical internal grinding by the textured wheels." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800018.

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During internal grinding a large amount of heat is formed. A heat has a negative impact on all processing indicators. The speed of heat removal from the processed workpiece is defined not only by structure of grinding wheel and by giving method of lubricant cooling liquid (LCL), but also by the aerodynamic streams, which are formed by a tool rotation. Aerodynamics of traditional grinding wheels is studied in detail, but for textured wheels to aerodynamic streams did not pay of due attention. The multiple-factor experiment is executed and models of movement speed of the aerodynamic streams are determined. It is established, that the greatest influence on the movement speed of the air flows has an axial distance of a measurement point from an end face of abrasive segments and a radial distance of this point from the cutting surface. Static pressure of air in an internal wheel’s cavity is equal 47 Pas, and outside of the wheel in close proximity to the cutting surface – 212 Pas. Taking into account the received experimental data of the movement speeds of aerodynamic streams and different data of air pressure in the specified areas, possible methods of giving of LCL in a cutting zone are analysed. It is established, that the most effective is the centrifugal method of giving of LCL to an internal cavity of the textured tool.

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He, Lin, L. M. Sun, Xian Feng Zhao, and Jun Wang. "Effect of Grinding Wheel Diameter Change on Geometrical Parameters of Ball-Nose End Mill." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 4527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.4527.

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The grinding simulation system of ball-nose end mill rake face is developed based on the four axis linkage mathematical model using Solidworks and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Effects of grinding wheel diameter change due to wear on geometrical parameters of ball-nose end mill, such as ball-nose rake angle, column rake angle and edge strip width are investigated.

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Lichtschlag, L., and E. Uhlmann. "Profilverschleißreduzierung beim Planschleifen*/Profile wear reduction during face grinding - Determination of the influences for profiling in double face grinding with planetary kinematics." wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, no. 11-12 (2019): 847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-11-12-49.

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Ein ebenes Schleifscheibenprofil ist Voraussetzung für die Fertigung ebener Oberflächen beim Doppelseitenplanschleifen mit Planetenkinematik. Das zuverlässige Bestimmen des Profilverschleißes und die Kenntnis der Wirkzusammenhänge beim Profilieren sind die Grundlage zur Auslegung von Profilierprozessen. Die Entwicklung eines Messsystems zur Bestimmung des Profilverschleißes und die Eingrenzung der Einflussgrößen auf den Abrichtprozess sind die Basis detaillierter Untersuchungen zum Konditionieren der Werkzeuge. &nbsp; A flat grinding wheel profile is precondition for machining flat surfaces in double face grinding with planetary kinematics. Reliably determining profile wear and knowing the effects during profiling are the basis for designing profiling processes. The development of a measuring system to determine the profile wear and the identification of variables influencing the dressing process are requirements for a detailed investigation of the conditioning process.

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Beekhuis, Björn. "Influence of Solid Contaminants in Metal Working Fluids on the Grinding Process." Advanced Materials Research 769 (September 2013): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.769.61.

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Metal working fluids (MWF) are widely used in grinding processes to lubricate and to remove the heat and chips from the contact zone. Apart from the chips, abrasive particles from the worn grinding wheel contaminate the metalworking fluid. The solid contaminants, in particular the abrasive particles crumbled from the grinding wheel, are believed to cause several negative effects like for example damaging the guideways of the machine tool. Furthermore, it is assumed that a pronounced interaction of the solid particles and the machined surface will decrease the achievable surface quality of the ground surfaces. Cleaning units are employed within the fluid circuit to prevent failure of the machine tool and to ensure the desired surface quality. The economic efficiency of such cleaning plants cleaning plants depends strongly on the choice of the grade of filtration (the particle size which has to be retained). A grade of filtration which exceeds the actual needs of the machining process adds unnecessary costs for operating the cleaning unit. To enable cost efficient design of filtration units the interaction between solid contaminants and the machining process has to be understood. The results of grinding experiments (face grinding of workpieces made of AISI 52100) confirm a significant increase of the surface waviness when corundum particles are added to the MWF. The underlying effect is an extraordinary tool wear combined with a locally varying effective depth of cut. The excess particles block the pores of the grinding wheel and are transported into the grinding gap. An increasing ratio of the size of solid contaminants and the size of the bonded grains on the wheel accelerates the wear of the tool.

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Vits, Frederik, Daniel Trauth, Patrick Mattfeld, Rudolf Vits, and Fritz Klocke. "Analysis of the Tribological Conditions in Grinding of Polycrystalline Diamond Based on Single Grain Friction Tests Using the Pin-Disk Principle." Key Engineering Materials 767 (April 2018): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.767.259.

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Cutting tools made of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) are used for machining of aluminum alloys, fiber-reinforced plastic composites and wood. Compared to cemented carbide tools with geometrically defined cutting edges, PCD tools offer significant advantages with respect to tool life. High demands regarding the cutting edge roughness and the quality of the rake and the flank face usually require a grinding process with diamond grinding wheels. The PCD grinding process, however, is characterized by low material removal rates and high grinding wheel wear. The material removal rate and the grinding wheel wear, in turn, highly depend on the process state variables process force and process temperature. However, the relationship between these process state variables and the process input variables is largely unknown. This work provides a contribution to the closure of this knowledge gap by means of an adapted friction law. A single grain friction test stand using the pin-disk principle was developed, which enables a measurement of the friction force and the contact zone temperature for normal forces and relative speeds that are common in PCD grinding. During the experiments, the specification of the PCD disc, the cross-sectional area of the friction sample made of monocrystalline diamond as well as the process parameters normal force and relative speed were varied. In addition, the tests were carried out without lubrication as well as with a minimum lubrication. A high correlation between the contact force and the coefficient of friction was determined. This relationship was mathematically formulated in a friction law. In addition, a direct influence of the contact force and the relative velocity on the contact zone temperature was identified. The knowledge gained leads to an improved understanding of the PCD grinding process and thus enables a more efficient grinding process design.

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Shaolei, Wang, Shi Shuzheng, Wang Jiuqiang, Li Xin, Wang Zhanying, and Zhu Chunhua. "Experimental Investigation on Face Grinding of 2024AI/SiCp with Electroplated Diamond Wheel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1605 (August 2020): 012138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1605/1/012138.

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Zhong, Yang, Jie Wang, Tingyu Zhang, Tianhe Pei, Yuan Gao, and Wenhao Yao. "Grinding Deviation Analysis of Offset Face Gear Based on Involute Disc Wheel." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 647 (October 8, 2019): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/647/1/012015.

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Tang, Jin-yuan, Feng Yin, and Xing-ming Chen. "The principle of profile modified face-gear grinding based on disk wheel." Mechanism and Machine Theory 70 (December 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2013.06.013.

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Wang, Yanzhong, Yang Liu, Xiaomeng Chu, Yueming He, and Wei Zhang. "Calculation model for surface roughness of face gears by disc wheel grinding." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 123 (December 2017): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2017.08.002.

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Fan, Yu Feng, Xian Ju Tang, Shao Hui Yin, and Yong Jian Zhu. "Application of Ultrasonic Vibration Shoe Centerless Grinding Technique to Micro-Scale Parts Fabrication." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2518.

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The present authors proposed a new centerless grinding technique for the fabrication of microscale pin-shaped parts. The new technique uses an ultrasonic vibration shoe whose structure and dimensions was determined in detail by FEM analysis instead of a regulating wheel as in conventional centerless grinding. The workpiece is supported by the end face of the shoe and the blade, and the rotational motion is controlled by the micro elliptic motion generated on the end face of the shoe. a shoe was made and installed on an existing centerless grinder to perform actual microscale centreless grinding operations involving a tungsten carbide pin-shaped workpiece 0.6 mm in diameter and 15mm in length. The experimental result gave a microscale workpiece 75μm in diameter and 15 mm in length.

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Zhu, Ji Hua, Xue Xia Liu, Xue Min Tian, and Jian Fei Chen. "The Theoretical Analysis and Application of the Ultra-Precision Machining the End Surface of Stop Valve’s Valve Flap with the Diamond Facing Tool." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 2113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.2113.

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A new process was proposed. The disadvantage of of using brown alumina grinding wheel to grinding and lapping surface was studied in the analysis. The diamond facing tool was designed and manufactured with the solution of the key technique of the critical technical of single crystal diamond’s material selecting, grinding, welding. The face cutting parameters: “V”, “f” and “ap” were measured by experiment and academic analysis. Tt can fully meet the quality requirements of stainless steel valve flap’s surface used by one valve machinery factory; meanwhile the productivity was increased by a factor of 15, with overcoming the disadvatange of grinding and lapping valve flap’s surface.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Face grinding wheel'

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