Journal articles: 'Face Threatening Acts (FTA)'

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Angginie, Viren Aulia, Tika Santika, and Ula Nisa El fauziah. "ANALYSIS ABOUT POLITENESS IN “BARBIE AS THE PRINCESS AND THE PAUPER MOVIE”." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 2, no. 3 (2019): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i3.p310-318.

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Abstract Pragmatics aims to give an overview of the politeness principles, to describe and to explain the types and functions of Face Threatening Act (FTA) and Face Saving Act (FSA) use in relation with politeness in the conversation by the characters in Barbie as The Princess and The Pauper movie. The oral utterances are analyzed and interpreted descriptively based on Brown and Levinson’s Face Threatening Acts theory and George Yule’s theory. This research employs descriptive qualitative method and supported by percentage calculation. To collect the data, the researchers use some steps; collecting the conversation by watching it and listening the conversations carefully, use fields note. Finally, the result of the research shows there are two kinds of FTA and FSA that used by the characters, negative FTA and positive FTA and FSA. In Barbie as the Princess and the Pauper movie, the data shows the using of FTA talked by Princess Anneliese is 3,6% and by Preminger is 5% . It shows that Preminger more dominants in using FTA than Princess Anneliese. About FSA, Princess Anneliese is 3,6% and Preminger is 6,8%. Preminger likes to talk in FSA ways and Princess Anneliese as same as in using FTA and FSA.Keywords: Politeness, Face Threatening Act, Face Saving Act, Barbie Movie.

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García Martínez, Isabel. "A study of (im)politeness on the Facebook pages of the main Spanish political parties: the gender variable and face acts." Textos en Proceso 5, no. 1 (2019): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17710/tep.2019.5.1.2igarciamartinez.

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This study aims to find out which gender has the greatest participation in the Facebook pages of the 5 main Spanish political parties: Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE), Partido Popular (PP), Ciudadanos, Unidos Podemos and Vox and whether gender-based behavior differs with regards to face flattering acts (FFA) and face threatening acts (FTA). For this reason, a metric analysis of the electoral campaign of the general elections of the year 2019 has been prepared and a corpus of 2500 comments has been collected during the last day, on 26th of April.

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AJAYI, Temitope Michael, Oluwatosin AJAYI, and Rahidat Temitope FASHINA. "NIGERIA: FACE ACTS IN ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION TELEVISION PROGRAM. THE CASE OF IGBIMO IPETU." Conflict Studies Quarterly 36 (July 5, 2021): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.36.1.

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The concept of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) has largely been under explored from the linguistic lens, particularly in the Nigerian context. This study thus provides a scholarly intervention in this regard. Drawing insights from Brown and Levinson’s face theory, four randomly sampled recordings of Ìgbìmo Ìpètù, an alternative dispute resolution television programme on the Ekiti State Television (EKTV) in southwestern Nigeria was analysed in this study. Focus was placed on the face acts as well as their pragmatic functions in the programme. Findings revealed that bald on-record face-threatening acts (FTA), bald off-record FTA and positive face acts characterized the discursive interaction of participants on the programme. While bald onrecord and off-record FTAs were deployed by the panel to criticize and condemn actions considered unsavory on the part of complainants and the accused, complainants and accused persons deployed on-record FTAs to protest/redress the panel’s decisions found unacceptable. The panel used positive face acts as a general principle in the interaction, particularly with cooperative accused persons, while accused persons deployed positive face acts to negotiate the discursive interaction and for face-damage repair. Keywords: Alternative dispute resolution, dispute and media, face acts.

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Rahmansyah, Sutiadi, Tajudin Nur, Davidescu Cristiana Victoria Marta, and Lia Maulia Indrayani. "The Impact of Face Threatening Acts on Hearer (The Wife) Face in A Household Conflict: A Pragmatic Study." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 3, no. 1 (2020): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v3i1.9427.

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Conflict is a problem that is often faced in daily life, including husband and wife. Conflict in the household can lead to positive and negative things such as a divorce or violence in a household. The problem of conflict is closely related to the threat of “face” or a person self-esteem. The purpose of this article is to study the impact of face experienced by hearer (wife) in a household conflict that is particularly occurred on wife after her husband performs Face Threatening Acts. The method used in this research was qualitative, descriptive methods, i.e. it gives descriptive result about the impact of Face Threatening Acts usage and strategies in a household conflict obtained from several popular psychology books. The results showed that in general the impact of FTA used by a husband against his wife in the household conflict caused face loss on behalf of his wife (the loss of self-esteem). This happened because her feelings were more dominant and she generally avoided a conflict that could trigger further disputes with her husband to maintain her household.

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Wahid, Lokman Abd. "THE ACQUISITION OF PRAGMATIC DIMENSION IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF MALAY: AN EARLY REVIEW." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 15, no. 2 (2015): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v15i2.1237.

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AbstractThis study is focussing on the acquisition of pragmatic structure in the first language parameter, particularly in Malay. The pragmatic structure assumes that a speaker innately has a choice for Face Threatening Acts (FTA's) in his construction of sentences for a particular conversation. The structure of FTA’s are Bald On-Record (BOR), Negative Politeness (NP), Positive Politeness (PP), and Off-Record-indirect strategy (OR). From the pragmatic perspective, each of the FTA’s consists of a certain purpose. To look at the competency of pragmatic acquisition structure, subjects of this study were exposed through classroom interactions based on three learning outcomes. For each learning outcome, subjects were given six situations which totalling to 18 situations for all the three learning outcomes mentioned. Each situations demands subjects to discuss and interact using the FTA’s that they have already acquired. The study shows that in regard of the acquisition of FTA’s among subjects, BOR acquired the highest score, followed by PP, NP, and OR in all the six situations undergone by the subjects. Keywords: Face Threatening Acts (FTA’s), language acquisition, pragmatic AbstrakPenelitian ini berfokus pada akuisisi struktur pragmatis dalam parameter bahasa pertama, terutama dalam bahasa Melayu. Struktur pragmatis berasumsi bahwa seorang penutur memiliki pilihan untuk Tindak Tutur yang Mengancam Muka (Face Threatening Acts/FTA) dalam konstruksi kalimatnya dalam percakapan tertentu. Struktur FTA adalah Bald On-Record (BOR), Kesopanan Negatif (Negative Politeness/NP), Kesopanan Positif (Positive Politeness/PP), dan strategi tidak langsung Off-Record (OR). Dari perspektif pragmatis, masing-masing dari FTA mengandung tujuan tertentu. Untuk melihat kompetensi akuisisi struktur pragmatis, subyek penelitian ini mengikuti interaksi kelas berdasarkan tiga hasil belajar. Untuk setiap hasil belajar, mata pelajaran diberi enam situasi sebanyak 18 situasi untuk ketiga hasil belajar yang disebutkan. Setiap situasi menuntut subyek untuk membahas dan berinteraksi menggunakan FTA yang telah mereka peroleh. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam hal akuisisi FTA, BOR memperoleh skor tertinggi, diikuti oleh PP, NP, dan OR dalam semua enam situasi yang dialami oleh subyek.Kata kunci: Tindak tutur mengancam muka (FTA), penguasaan bahasa, pragmatis

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Pramesti, Putu Dewi Merlyna Yuda, N. L. Sutjiati Beratha, Made Budiarsa, and I. Nengah Sudipa. "The Role of Indonesian Caregivers’ Nonverbal Elements and Face Threatening Acts toward the Aged." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, no. 9 (2019): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0909.23.

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This study aimed at finding out the role of Indonesian caregivers’ nonverbal elements and its relation to the face saving of the aged. This study was part of the author’s dissertation research that took the theme of Indonesian caregivers’ language politeness when they worked as caregivers for the aged in Japan. In this article the concept introduced by Brown & Levinson (1978, 1987) on FTA (Face Threatening Act) is used as the concept in the process of analysis beside the concept from Ekman and Friesen (1969) on nonverbal language. Qualitative method was used in this study and the data used were primary data in the form of the Indonesian caregivers’ utterances in their communication with the aged. The Indonesian caregivers who were used as the subjects consisted of 68 and all of them worked in the regions of Yokohama, Toyohashi, and Okayama. From the data analysis it was found that there were 11 types of nonverbal language which belonged to the emblems group, namely (1) eye contact, (2) smiling, (3) holding hand, (4) leaning forward, (5) lowering body position, (6) affirmative nodding, (7) gesture, (8) hugging, (9) patting shoulder, (10) interpersonal space, and (11) therapeutic touch. From the result of the analysis of the interviews with the aged it was concluded that all of these eleven nonverbal elements did not threat the faces of the aged and the use of the nonverbal elements could play the role as a mitigation of the threat towards the faces of the aged.

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Tur, Ajar Pradika Ananta. "THE REALIZATION OF POLITENESS IN �A DOLL�S HOUSE� SCRIPT." EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 1, no. 2 (2016): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.1.2.115-128.

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Politeness is considered to be important in the communication. When thepeople are communicating to one another, they are expected to keep thesocial relationship and do not violate another face or called as facethreatening acts (FTAs). This research investigated the realization ofpoliteness in a drama script entitled �A Doll�s House� by Henrik Ibsen. Itaims to classify the drama conversation parts into some categorizations ofpoliteness and to analyze why they differ in the context. In its nature, theresearch applied qualitative concepts. Two conversation parts in the firstact of the script were chosen to be the objects of the research. Thesequalitative data were then analyzed and categorized using Goffman�scategorizations of Face Threatening Act (FTA): FTA off record and FTA onrecord (with sub-classes: FTA on-baldly, FTA on record-with negativepoliteness, and FTA on record-with positive politeness). From the analyses,it was concluded that there were some parts belonging to FTA off recordand some belonging to the FTA on record with positive politeness. The firstdata analysis explained much about FTA off record. On the contrary, FTAon record with positive politeness was portrayed in the second analysis. Itshows that people tend to save their inter-interlocutors� face by usingindirect request, off record, as far as they understand what the speakerswant to. The on record will work if only the first one does not work.Keywords: Politeness, FTA off-record, FTA-on record

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Biria, Reza, Sayed Mirhossein Hosseini Pozveh, and Bahar Rajabi. "Improving Oral Fluency of EFL Students with Different Proficiency Levels through Explicit Instruction of Face Threatening Strategies." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 7, no. 10 (2017): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0710.16.

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Meaning and interaction are the essential parts of socialization process in which the interlocutors try to mitigate and control the negative impact of face threatening acts. As such, the main objective of the present study was to determine whether explicit instruction of FTA strategies could lead to the improvement of EFL students’ oral fluency with different proficiency levels. To achieve this end, from the targeted population of 350 undergraduate students majoring in English translation at Isfahan (Khorasgan) Islamic Azad University, a sample of 100 intermediate and advanced students, 50 each, were chosen based on their scores on an OPT test. They were subsequently divided into four equal groups who were homogenized in terms of their oral fluency scores on an IELTS interview test used as the pre-test groups. From the four targeted groups, only the intermediate and advanced samples received the explicit instruction on FTA strategies whereas the no treatment groups were taught by a conventional approach. At the end of the treatment all samples were exposed to the post-test, a parallel form of another IELTS interview exam. The results indicated that the groups taught by explicit instruction of FTA strategies considerably outperformed those who had been taught by the conventional method.

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Moghaddam, Masoume Khodaei, Mahmoud Elyasi, and Shahla Sharifi. "“Xaste Nabâši(D)” As A Culture Specific Speech Act In Persian." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 4, no. 1 (2014): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v4i1.5207.

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As different cultures have different speech acts and some cases of unsuccessful communication are due to the differences among the cultural patterns of speech acts, knowledge of these speech acts can help people to communicate more successfully. In this regard, the present paper ,based on Brown and Levinson Politeness Theory (1987), examines and analyzes œxaste nabi(d) speech act in Persian language to come up with the functions it serves in the Iranian Persian-speaking community for those non-Persian speakers who want to speak or learn Persian. For this purpose, some native speakers of Persian language from different ages and different groups were observed in such natural settings as markets, shops, the streets, and parties and their speech was recorded; then transcribed and translated into English, finally, the data was analyzed qualitatively. The results show that, there are seven major functions of xaste nabi(d) in Persian which are as follows: In literal meaning of "not being exhausted or tired", phatic communication, greeting and sometimes to bid farewell, mitigating request, to state indirectly end of a work or an activity, thanking and blaming. Finally, it is worth noting that we can define politeness in Persian language as using such politeness expressions (â€xaste nabi(d) not only for mitigating face threatening act (FTA), but also for face enhancing act (FEA) and successful interaction and communication. So incompatible with politeness definition of Brown and Levinson (1987) who consider politeness simply as a means of mitigating FTA, politeness in Persian is defined as FEA too.

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Astia, Idda. "Politeness Strategy in Interlanguage Pragmatics of Complaints by International Students." IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 4, no. 2 (2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v4i2.528.

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The study aims to investigate the speech acts of international students in Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya in giving complaints. This study focuses on the complaint speech acts and the politeness strategy which are produced by International students who have different cultural background. This study used qualitative approach because it observed the complaints speech acts of International students in applying the politeness strategy. There were four participants consist of three males and one female. They came from Mexico, Thailand, East Timor and Togo. The data were taken by purposive sampling. The data contained the complaints which were delivered by the international students conducted through chatting on WhatsApp. Those were collected, categorized, analyzed and concluded. Finally, it is inferred that complaint speech acts which used by showing irritation or disapproval expression and blame. Thus, in politeness strategy, social distance (age and status) and cultural background induce the way of giving complaints. Bald on record politeness strategy is used in the culture which has directness term. Moreover, negative politeness is applied by the complainer who has culture in indirectness term. Bald on record politeness strategy has the chance for face threatening acts (FTA) in the other hand, negative politeness strategy can avoid the FTA.

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Janus, Dominika. "Strategie grzecznościowe w akcie mowy KONDOLENCJE (na materiale polsko- i niemieckojęzycznym)." Poradnik Językowy 2020, no. 2/2020(771) (2020): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2020.2.5.

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CONDOLENCE, as an act of courtesy, belongs to acts of speech which might give rise to face threatening acts (FTA) and the resulting confl icts. On the one hand, the face of the mourner, who must fi nd his or her way in the new extremely diffi cult situation, is threatened; on the other hand, the face of the speaker, whose task is to react properly to the fact of someone’s death, is threatened. What is helpful in avoiding confl icts is politeness strategies used by both senders and recipients. They constitute the research material excerpted from Polish and German obituaries and entries in books of condolence. The author of this paper has proved that both parties signalise there both positive politeness, which arises from the need of appreciation and support, and negative politeness, which is connected with the need of unlimited autonomy of acting. The nature of the performed analysis is pragmalinguistic and is based on the politeness theory of P. Brown and S.C. Levinson [1987], the focus of which is the concept of face understood as an image or representation.

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Daud, Najmiah. "The Politeness Strategies of Negation Used by English and Buginese." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 1, no. 1 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v1i1.4069.

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A good communication is a cooperate communication, but when someone wants to deny someone or something, it can be FTA (Face Threatening Acts) in some situations, so she/he needs to express it in polite way to save the face of each through the use of the politeness strategies. This research is aimed to investigate (1) the politeness strategies used by Buginese and American people in using the negation expression; (2) the influence of social and cultural relationship on the politeness strategies used by the Buginese and American people when using negation expression. This was a comparative study between Buginese and English language in using negation. The research used the qualitative descriptive approach. English and Buginese data were obtained through DCT, questionnaire. The research result indicates that three politeness strategies are used by American and Buginese people in using negation namely: the bald on record, positive politeness, and negative politeness. The American people tend to use those strategies in polite way to negate something by being more friendly and using the casual language with other people. On the other hand, Buginese people tend to use formal language as the politeness strategies in making negation. The significant differences between both languages can be seen from the indirect and direct strategies in making negation. English tends to use direct strategies, while Buginese tends to apply indirect negation. The research also indicates that the other aspects influencing the politeness strategies used are; gender, social situation, social distance or intimacy, social status, relationship between interlocutors. Buginese people indicate the politeness by giving the formal treatment because they are more hierarchical and pay more attention to use honorific address term and politeness marker such as iye’. On the other case, American people are more friendly and emphasize the solidarity.Keywords: Politeness Strategies, Negation, Face Threatening Acts.

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Yanti, Yusrita. "GENDER AND COMMUNICATION: SOME FEATURES OF WOMEN’S SPEECH." Journal of Cultura and Lingua 2, no. 1 (2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37301/culingua.v2i1.69.

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This paper deals with gender and communication in terms of different features of women’s speech based on the previous studies done by many sociolinguists. Gender refers to categories that distinguish people based on their socio-cultural behavior, including speech. In their speech, gender-men and women- use different ways to say a similar thing in communication. This paper described women’s and men’s speeches from several studies in a frame of linguistics perspectives. Some different features were compared with the women’s speeches in Minangkabau community that indicates Minangkabau politeness maxims. This paper also describes how Minangkabau culture is different from other cultures in criticizing among native speakers of Minangkabau both direct and indirect. Then, some hedges are used by women as politeness markers to minimize face-threatening acts (FTA), a concept proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987).

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Farrokhi, Farahman, and Mina Arghami. "An Investigation of the Use of politeness strategies in refusal among Characters with different power relations in English and Farsi Novels." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 7 (2017): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.7p.180.

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One of the important concerns of communicative way of learning is to be able to convey meaning and not just physical words in a language. The study of speech acts could possibly help achieve this. When using speech acts, one should take into consideration the conversational rules of the language and in order to establish a safe and harmonious conversation, it is better to use certain strategies to eliminate their possible threatening effects. Attempt is made in the present study using a mixed-method design, to investigate the employment of politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987), among the interlocutors with different power relations in English and Farsi novels, when using the speech act of refusal. The speech act of refusal addressed in this study is a face threatening act (FTA) (Brown & Levinson, 1987), which may be used differently by speakers of different languages, with different power relations, in different situations. The materials used are five English and five Farsi novels written by native speakers of English and Farsi. The taxonomy of Beebe, Takahashi and Uliss-Weltz (1990) were employed in order to categories different types of refusal. The frequency of their use and their percentages were calculated manually. The results indicated that even though reflecting two different cultures, the similarities among the English and Farsi novels regarding the use of both speech acts, were more than the differences. The differences were more obvious in the employment of politeness strategies. The findings of this study will probably give insights into the pragmatic and conversational rules of both languages.

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Chandrawisesa, Galih, Keiko Kiyama, Nuria Haristiani, and Sudjianto Sudjianto. "Japanese Inviting Speech Act Strategy: From Gender Point of View." JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang 4, no. 2 (2019): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/japanedu.v4i2.19430.

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The invitation acts categorized as an action that is likely to threaten the faceof interlocutors and it is called as face-threatening acts (FTA). There is a need for a strategy in making invitations, so that speakers can maintain their utterance to not interfere the faceof the interlocutors. This study aims to describe the strategies used by Japanese speakers in conducting speech acts to invite friends with similar and opposite gender. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive research method. The data was obtained using the discourse completion test (DCT) questionnaire with respondents from 60 Gunma University students (30 men and 30 women). Then, the collected data has been analyzed based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategy. Results showed, that in doing invitation speech acts to friends with opposite gender, both male and female speakers tend to use negative politeness strategies. While the positive politeness strategy is only used in small imposition situations and to friends with similar gender. Male speakers tend to use men’s language (danseigo) to similar gender friends, it shows the nature of a man who is strong and full of masculinity. While female speakers use polite and refined language, such as female language characteristics that are more polite and not dominating. From there, it can be seen that Japanese speakers have a high awareness of the differences in the gender of their interlocutor when they do speech acts.

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Dewi, Lintang Indah Ayu Respati, Lailatun Nurul Aniq, and Khairani Dian Anisa. "THE REFUSAL STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY PRE-SERVICE EFL TEACHERS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN JAVANESE AND SUMATRANS." Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora 21, no. 2 (2020): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v21i2.9924.

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Refusing is a part of commissive speech acts. Refusing is a face-threatening act (FTA) that needs a good pragmatic competence since it probably gives risk to the interlocutor's positive or negative face. However, it indicates that people from various cultural backgrounds employ dissimilar refusal strategies. This study aimed at providing a comparison of refusal strategies used between Javanese Pre-service English Teachers (JPETs) and Sumatranese Pre-service English Teachers (SPETs) in accordance with different levels of power. The data were elicited from the DCT given to 10 JPETs and 10 SPETs. The participants were asked to fill the DCTs with written responses in which each DCT described different contexts and settings. Based on the analysis, JPETs and SPETs employed similar strategies in refusing to a request. The difference was only on the frequency usage of a certain strategy. Furthermore, all of the indirect strategies were applied to refuse a request meanwhile only a strategy comes from a direct strategy called the negation of proposition that is applied. A direct refusal strategy call bluntness was not applied. This study evoked pre-service awareness of pragmatic competence which could be taught to their future students and larger participants were encouraged for future study.

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Ernovilinda, Ernovilinda. "Politeness Strategy in Shanghai Knights Film." IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 5, no. 1 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i1.571.

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Language is a communication tool for every human being and is used to convey ideas, messages, intentions, feelings, opinions to others or even to meet daily needs. Intercultural communication is a communication that frequently occurs in the community. Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that discusses aspects of language as a communication tool. When combined with culture, intercultural communication that occurs in society can be understood. In order for a speaker's language to be accepted in a society, he needs to fully understand the rules that apply in that society, including an understanding of the appropriate use of certain language functions or speech acts. There is a close relationship between pragmatics and the concept of politeness. Politeness is fundamental in pragmatics because this is a universal phenomenon in the use of language in social contexts. The focus of this research is to identify the politeness strategies used by the two main characters in the Shanghai Knights film, Chon Wang and Roy O'Bannon, and analyze them in terms of the cultural background of the two main characters. This is a qualitative descriptive study. The results show that the politeness strategy used is strongly influenced by their cultural background. The strategy used most often is the bald-on record strategy while the Off-record politenses strategy is the strategy that is the least used by the two main characters of the film. This suggests that an understanding of politeness strategies is needed to realize face-threatening actions (FTA). In other words, politeness strategies are used to maintain continuity and success in communicating.

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Nuraeni, Wulan, and Noer Aripin Wibowo. "ANALYZING FACE THREATENING ACT IN WHATSAPP GROUP." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 1, no. 4 (2018): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v1i4.p366-373.

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As human being people will always interact each other every day, in every situation there are probability where someone can be threatened. Every interaction contains utterance where threatened can be happened in order to threaten both of speakers and hearer which is called Face Threatening Act or known as FTA. This research purpose was to found out the kind function of FTA in politeness that might be applied on the group chat between student with another student and student with the lecturer. The research took the places in WhatsApp group of college student of IKIP Siliwangi Bandung, Cimahi, Indonesia which consist 38 respondents. This research used a descriptive qualitative and the data taken from the results of questionnaire as an instrument. Based on the data from finding section that founded most of college students used a positive politeness when communicated with other students even though there was small percentage showed some of student used negative politeness as well.

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Sukmawan, Ramdan, and Siska Hestiana. "Face Threatening Acts in Wayang Golek." International Journal of Linguistics 7, no. 5 (2015): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v7i5.8330.

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This study aims at describing negative and positive face threatening acts of puppetry’s figures in Wayang Golek show. The data use are puppetry figure’s spoken conversation dialogue in Wayang Golek show. The findings to study are the expressions of negative face threatening acts of order and request, suggestion, advice, threat, offer, promise, compliment, expression of strong emotion of hatred and anger toward hearer. The positive face threatening acts are the expressions of disapproval, criticism, contempt, insult, challenge, expression of violent emotion, irreverence, mention of taboo topic, bringing of bad news about hearer, blatant non-cooperation in activity of making non-sequiturs, and use of address terms of status-marked identification in initial encounter.

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Zajdman, Anat. "Humorous face-threatening acts: Humor as strategy." Journal of Pragmatics 23, no. 3 (1995): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(94)00038-g.

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Erbert, Larry A., and Kory Floyd. "Affectionate expressions as face‐threatening acts: Receiver assessments." Communication Studies 55, no. 2 (2004): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10510970409388618.

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Quillard, Geneviève. "North American Advertising, Translation and Face-Threatening Acts." International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review 4, no. 9 (2007): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/cgp/v04i09/43435.

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Colón, Jaime X. Elías, Manuel A. Pérez-Quiñones, and Raquel Ferreira. "Effects of Face-Threatening Acts in Human-Computer Dialogues." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 45, no. 6 (2001): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120104500618.

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Fornieles, Raquel. "Una aproximación a la descortesía verbal en los insultos entre Esquines y Demóstenes." Humanitas, no. 77 (June 28, 2021): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_77_4.

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Desde el punto de vista de las teorías de la (des)cortesía verbal, el insulto es un face-threatening act (FTA), un acto de habla descortés que amenaza la imagen (face) del interlocutor y con el que el hablante tiene la clara intención de ofenderlo. Este trabajo ofrece un análisis de los insultos que Esquines y Demóstenes se profieren mutuamente cuando apelan a su adversario con un vocativo en cuatro discursos: Contra Ctesifonte y Sobre la embajada fraudulenta de Esquines y Sobre la corona y Sobre la embajada fraudulenta de Demóstenes. Se parte del trabajo seminal de Culpeper (basado en el modelo de cortesía de Brown & Levinson, pero opuesto a él en términos de face) y de las posteriores revisiones de las superestrategias de descortesía empleadas por el hablante para expresarse de forma descortés que él identifica. Los resultados del estudio evidencian dos tendencias en los contextos analizados: bald on record impoliteness (descortesía descarnada: el FTA se realiza de un modo directo, claro y conciso) y, sobre todo, sarcasm or mock politeness: (cortesía fingida: el FTA se realiza usando estrategias de cortesía insinceras).

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Zabolotneva, Oxana Leonidovna, and Irina Vladimirovna Kozhukhova. "Face-Threatening Speech Acts in Academic Discourse (Split-Level Communication)." Filologičeskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, no. 11 (November 2020): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2020.11.48.

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KONG-IN, Wapee, and Anamai Damnet. "The Implementation of ISSECI Model for Enhancing Thai EFL Students’ Intercultural Pragmatic Competence: Politeness Strategies." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 3 (2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.3p.34.

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Regarding pedagogical purpose, Thai EFL learners’ communicative English proficiency is obviously restricted by the limited experiences of L2 politeness strategies. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effectiveness of the innovative teaching, ISSECI Model in terms of intercultural pragmatic competence: face threatening ace (FTA) – Do FTA and Don’t do FTA. The twenty Thai EFL undergraduate students from Rajabhat University were selected as participants through simple random sampling. Data were collected using rejoinder-discourse completion task mixed with open time free response construction, and was statistically analyzed in MEAN, standard deviation, and t-test. The findings revealed that the participants’ intercultural pragmatic competence after learning through ISSECI Model is significantly higher than that before the experiment (*p < 0.05). The participants’ perception with regard to ISSECI Model included four domains, i.e., English knowledge gained, cultural awareness, strengths, and weaknesses of the model.

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Tanaka, Lidia. "Turn-taking in Japanese television interviews." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 16, no. 2-3 (2006): 361–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.16.2-3.05tan.

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Despite interviewers having a wide range of strategies to elicit talk, English language interviewers overwhelmingly use syntactic questions. In contrast, most turns in Japanese semi-formal television interviews end in non-interrogative forms, and other methods are used to achieve smooth turn yielding. This study looks at the interviewers’ turns and examines how interviewees recognize turn-yielding. It argues that interviewers prefer using interviewing strategies other than canonical question forms to avoid any possible FTA (face threatening act).

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Shen, Xingchen, and Xinren Chen. "Doing Power Threatening Acts (PTAs) in ancient China." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 20, no. 1 (2019): 132–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.17002.she.

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Abstract This study examines an unexplored type of speech act named jian, which took place uniquely in the context of ancient China. Taking it as a Power Threatening Act rather than a commonly studied Face Threatening Act, this study examined remonstrators’ strategic modulation of their jian, and the factors that might have influenced the choice of modulation strategies. The data come from Zizhi Tongjian. The major findings are as follows: first, the speech act of jian contained both ritualised and non-ritualised aspects; second, remonstrators would adopt different modulation strategies when performing jian, which can be generally divided into three modulation orientations of redress, aggravation, and a combination of redress and aggravation, with different degrees of rituality; third, the choices of modulation strategies reflected the game playing of the requirements of affiliational propriety and illocutionary effect within the jian act.

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Campos Carrasco, Nuria. "Courtesy and Degree of Strength in a Realization of Face-Threatening Acts in Spanish." Verba Hispanica 26, no. 1 (2019): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vh.26.1.57-78.

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The determination of the types of speech acts that can be executed in relation to different languages has been studied inside and outside the boundaries of Spanish. There have been many attempts to realize taxonomies of speech acts connected to basic schemes of expression, and these attempts of classification and structure determination are normally focused on lists of verbs without providing the main structures that languages use to express speech acts. In the development of this work we will propose tools to clearly show what is meant by speech act and by its types and, finally, we will provide a taxonomy of general structures for the expression of illocutionary directive acts of speech in Spanish.

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Kasenda, Saiko Rudi. "TINDAK PENGANCAMAN DAN PENYELAMATAN WAJAH ANIES BASWEDAN DAN BASUKI “AHOK” TJAHAJA PURNAMA." Jurnal KATA 2, no. 2 (2018): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jk.v2i2.3377.

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This article is aimed to investigate face threathening acts and face saving acts demonstrated by Anies Baswedan dan Basuki Tjahaja Purnama as the candidates of DKI Jakarta governor during the debate held in April 2017. Face threatening act and face saving act are analyzed because they are able to show not only their positive image but also the negatve one in front of not only to each candidate but also to the audience watching the debate. Politeness theory from Brown and Levinson (1987.) are employed to analyze both candidates’ face threatening acts and saving acts since this theory provides detailed descriptions of a large range of strategies that can be used to deeply understand both face threatening acts and face saving act performed by the candidates. The context surrounding the debate becomes a crucial point to analyze how politeness strategy is applied to show face thratening act and face saving act. Through qualitative method, this study found that 1) Bald on-record is the strategy used by the candidates to show face threatening and they are intended to show contradictions, to disagree, to insult, to interrupt, to speak out-of-topic, to challenge, and to exaggerate. 2) Both candidates use positive and negative strategies to show face saving act intended to show contradictions, to assert common ground, to show agreement, to joke, to apologize, and to avoid disagreement. 3) The face threatening act and saving acts can be considered as the efforts to defend their argumentations and to preserve their positive faces, 4.) The use of the word “kita” and passive voice can be seen as markers in both candidates’ utterances to minimize the imposed face threatening act and to signal solidarity to each candidate and to audience, 5) While Anies is revealed to be the one who more frequently uses face threatening act, Basuki is the candidate who uses face saving act more often during the debate. The study is expected to enrich the study in the field of pragmatics focusing on the use of politeness strategy. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi tindak pengancaman muka wajah dan tindak penyelamatan wajah yang ditunjukkan oleh Anies Baswedan dan Basuki Tjahaja Purnama pada Debat Pilkada gubernur provinsi DKI Jakarta 2017. Tindak pengancaman wajah dan penyelamatan wajah diteliti pada makalah ini karena dapat merepresentasikan citra positif maupun citra negatif kandidat pilkada Gubernur DKI tidak hanya dihadapan masing-masing kandidat tetapi juga kepada masyarakat umum yang menyaksikan. Teori kesantunan dari Brown dan Levinson digunakan untuk menganalisis tindak pengancaman muka dan tindak penyelamatan muka kedua kandidat karena teori ini memiliki penjelasan yang komprehensif tentang berbagai strategi yang dapat dipergunakan untuk memahami secara mendalam bagaimana tindak pengancaman dan penyelamatan wajah ditunjukkan oleh kedua kandidiat. Konteks topik debat yang diangkat dipahami untuk dapat menganalisis tindak pengancaman dan penyelamatan wajah oleh Anies dan Basuki. Melalui metode kualitatif, studi ini menemukan bahwa 1) Bald on-record adalah strategi yang sering digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindak pengancaman muka dan ditujukan untuk menyatakan kontradiksi, menyatakan ketidaksetujuan, menyinggung, menginterupsi, berbicara di luar topik pembicaraan, menantang kandidat lain, dan memberikan pernyataan yang berlebihan. 2) Tindak penyelamatan muka dilakukan dengan strategi kesantunan positif dan negatif seperti menyatakan kontradiksi, menegaskan common ground, memberikan persetujuan, membuat lelucon, meminta maaf, dan menghindari ketidaksetujuan. 3) Tindak pengancaman muka dan penyelamatan muka dapat dianggap sebagai cara untuk mempertahankan argumentasi kedua kandidat dan untuk melindungi wajah positif masing-masing.4) Penggunaan kata “kita” dan kalimat pasif dimaksudkan untuk meminmalisiri ancaman sekaligus sebagai sinya solidaritas.5) Anies ditunjukkan sebagai kandidat yang lebih sering menggunakan tindak pengancaman muka, sedangkan Basuki adalah kandidat yang lebih sering menunjukkan penyelamatan muka selama debat berlangsung. Studi ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya pemahaman di bidang pragmatik khususnya tentang penggunaan strategi kesantunan

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Chen, I.-Ju. "Face-Threatening Acts: Conflict between a Teacher and Students in EFL Classroom." Open Journal of Modern Linguistics 07, no. 02 (2017): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojml.2017.72012.

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Koike, Dale A., Robert E. Vann, and Joan Busquets. "Spanish no, sí: Reactive moves to perceived face-threatening acts, Part II." Journal of Pragmatics 33, no. 6 (2001): 879–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(01)80033-3.

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Hsiao, Chi-hua. "The verbal art of tucao and face-threatening acts in danmu screening." Chinese Language and Discourse 6, no. 2 (2015): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.6.2.01hsi.

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Yao, Jun, Jie Song, and Yanan Sheng. "Performance of face-threatening speech acts in Chinese and Japanese BELF emails." Journal of Pragmatics 178 (June 2021): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.04.001.

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Aini, Erin Nur, Ika Nurhayani, and Hamamah Hamamah. "Tindak Tutur Joko Anwar yang Mengancam dan Strategi Kesantunan Tidak Langsung terhadap Livi Zheng dalam Acara Q&A: Belaga “Hollywood” di Metro TV." LINGUA : Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 17, no. 1 (2020): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v17i1.624.

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This study aims to investigate the speech acts used by Joko Anwar who threatened live Zheng and politeness strategies in the Q&A program: BELAGA“HOLLYWOOD”. A descriptive method with document analysis is used in this study. The results of this study are found five forms of speech acts namely assertive, directive, commissive, expressive and declarative threatening Livi Zheng. Assertive speech acts in the form of complaining are more often used by Joko Anwar when threatening the face or self-image of Livi Zheng. To reduce the threat, indirect politeness strategies or off-record strategies are used by Joko Anwar. Speech with sarcastic messages or criticisms is conveyed with indirectly meaning, this politeness strategy is chosen so that communication can still be carried out without breaking the cooperative relationship between the speaker and the speech partner. This study shows that although there are threats in the speech delivered, with the indirect politeness strategy is also used to maintain the face or self-image in public.

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Jeyeun Kim. "A Study of Communication Strategy from TV Debate -Based on Face Threatening Acts-." Journal of Speech Communication ll, no. 25 (2014): 103–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18625/jsc.2014..25.103.

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김지연. "A Study of Face Threatening Acts in Communication Strategy from TV Election Debate." Journal of Speech Communication ll, no. 40 (2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18625/jsc.2018..40.1.

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Pavlichenko, Larysa. "PRAGMATIC VALUES OF THE INVESTIGATOR’S LANGUAGE REPERTORY IN THE INTERROGATION DISCOURSE." Studia Linguistica, no. 17 (2020): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2020.17.100-111.

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The article considers the act-speech specifics of the investigator’s speech in conflict and competitive interactions “investigator – suspect/accused” in interrogations at the stage of pre-trial investigation. The study was based on transcripts of interrogations at police stations in the United Kingdom. The speech of the investigator as the initiator of communication and the representative of the institute is characterized by the use of both direct and indirect speech acts, devoid of personal connotations and perceived by the interviewee as typical models of communicative behaviour: indirect directives to avoid acts of direct impression, imperatives and hedge markers to mitigate directive allocation, objective with the infinitive constructions, conditional sentences, modal verbs with the function of logical inference, interrogative and negative questions. Direct acts of directives are not perceived as acts threatening the “face” of their addressee (“face-threatening acts”), but implement a direct strategy of politeness “on-record”, as it is perceived as part of the institutional requirements in the interaction of an investigator- an interrogated person. Manipulative techniques of an investigator in case of sabotage and pseudo-cooperation from an interrogated person are realized by speech acts of a directive illocutionary force with structural indicators of representatives, invective acts in the form of representatives that provoke an interlocutor to state the circumstances of the crime.

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Setyawati, Anisa, and Silpia Rahayu. "THE ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS IN HARRY POTTER CHAPTER 1 MOVIE." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 3, no. 5 (2020): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i5.p633-640.

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Nowadays, movie is a media which has a biggest impact for the people. With movie people can learn about language. Language is procedure by human for communication with other people. Pragmatics is the strategies to analyze what the purposes of the utterance understanding, in pragmatics there have politeness to known how people express their negative and positive face. When people approximately impressive that threatens an additional face, it is shows how a face threatening act’s (FTA’s). When people talk with the other they apply positive and negative face in communication to save threatening acts. This article examines is how the analysis of politeness in Harry Potter Chapter 1 Movie. The author tries to analyze negative face, positive face on dialogue in this movie. Politeness strategies can be finds from face threat and how the speakers produce the words and gesture to communicate between actor in the characters. This research is observes by the author, because the subject on this research are movie to known how the actor and actress used their face in the dialogue of it. The result in this research aims it is essential for language learners study about politeness principles in instruction to increase a good communication.Keywords: Face Threatening Act’s, Negative and Positive Face, Movie, Politeness.

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Guan, Xiaowen, and Hye Eun Lee. "Fight and flight: A multilevel analysis of facework strategies in intercultural face-threatening acts." International Journal of Intercultural Relations 58 (May 2017): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.04.008.

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Rahman, Rudi. "Face-Threatening Acts on Illocutionary Utterances in the Third US Presidential Debate of 2016." Alphabet 2, no. 1 (2019): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.alphabet.2019.02.01.06.

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Flowerdew, Lynne. "Exploiting a corpus of business letters from a phraseological, functional perspective." ReCALL 24, no. 2 (2012): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344012000043.

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AbstractThis paper illustrates how a freely available online corpus has been exploited in a module on teaching business letters covering the following four speech acts (functions) commonly found in business letters: invitations, requests, complaints and refusals. It is proposed that different strategies are required for teaching potentially non-face-threatening (invitations, requests) and face-threatening (complaints, refusals) speech acts.The hands-on pedagogic activities follow the ‘guided inductive approach’ advocated by Johansson (2009) and draw on practices and strategies covered in the literature on using corpora in language learning and teaching, viz. the need for ‘pedagogic mediation’, and the ‘noticing’ hypothesis from second language acquisition studies.

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Wiśniewska-Przymusińska, Malwina. "T/V Pronouns and FTAs in the Works of Sir Thomas Malory: Medieval Politeness and Impoliteness in Directives, Expressives, and Commissives." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 55, no. 1 (2020): 139–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2020-0006.

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Abstract Middle English second person pronouns thou and you (T/V) are considered to be among the means employed by medieval speakers to express their attitudes towards each other. Along with face-threatening acts, the use of these pronouns could indicate power relations or solidarity/distance between the interactants (Taavitsainen & Jucker 2003; Jucker 2010; Mazzon 2010; Bax & Kádár 2011, 2012; Jucker 2012). Using the tools available in pragmatic research, this paper attempts to provide an analysis of selected fragments from The Works of Sir Thomas Malory (Vinaver 1948 [1947]), analysed through the lens of Searle’s speech act theory (1969, 1976). The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the usage of T/V pronouns in polite or impolite contexts depends on the speech act in which they appear or not. Secondly, it looks at the presence of face-threatening acts (FTAs) and their potential influence on polite or impolite pronoun usage. Lastly, the analysis looks at the usage of FTAs within specific speech acts. The fragments used in this article were chosen from five chapters of Malory’s text: The Tale of King Arthur, Lancelot and Guinevere, The Morte Arthur, The Noble Tale, and Tristram de Lyones.

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A. Ali, Shurooq. "Impoliteness and Threat Responses in an Iraqi-Kurdish EFL Context." Arab World English Journal 12, no. 2 (2021): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no2.3.

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This study shows impoliteness as a form of face-threatening that can be intentionally caused by verbal threats in a particular setting. It investigates: what strategies and mitigators do Iraqi-Kurdish English as a foreign language (EFL) learners use in situations of threat responses? The present investigation paper aims to examine impoliteness strategies and mitigators by these learners when they respond to threatening situations in their context. Thus, it fills a gap in pragmatics literature by investigating the reactions to threats in an Iraqi-Kurdish EFL context. To this end, 50 participants have participated in this study. An open-ended questionnaire in the form of a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) is used to elicit responses from the participants. Besides, a focus group interview is conducted to support the data analysis. The data are coded based on Limberg’s (2009) model of impoliteness and threat responses to figure out the strategies used by the learners. Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper’s (1989) taxonomy of mitigators is adapted to analyze the mitigators. Overall, the findings reveal that the preferred responses surpass those which indicate dispreference by the learners. They tend to use face-saving acts when they comply with the threatener’s demand and opt for face-threatening acts when they reject that demand indirectly. Moreover, these learners use mitigators to attenuate the illocutionary force of their responses. Finally, this study provides some recommendations and pedagogical implications.

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Muhammad, Assist Inst Naz Jamal, and Dr Rauf Kareem Mahmood. "A Pragmatic Analysis Of Face Management In Selected English Televion Interviews." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 216, no. 1 (2018): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v216i1.580.

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Face management is crucial during speech exchanged between the participants. When the interviewer and the interviewee start communicating and turns are transmitted between them, each tries hard to protect his/her own face from being threatened, but this social value is not always protected as it is often threatened on purpose. This paper hypothesizes that the ability to manage face by the interviewer and the interviewee is affected by activating pragmatic knowledge. It also postulates that face threatening act dominates face saving act in TV interviews. The paper is limited to the investigation of face management between the interviewer and the interviewee while they exchange turns from a pragmatic perspective focusing on British English. It is specified to the study of selected English interviews from local British Channels, and uses certain concepts depending on Leech’s politeness principles (1983), Brown and Levinson’s (1987) introduction to positive and negative face, and face threatening acts with the strategies for reducing them. The paper is of theoretical value for those who like to study face management during turn transitions between people generally, and the interviewer and the interviewee in particular while they interact socially on TV.

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Muslim, Bukhori. "PENYIMPANGAN TEORI BROWN DAN LEVINSON DALAM TINDAK TUTUR PESERTA TALK SHOW INDONESIA LAWYERS CLUB (ILC) DI TV ONE DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 3, no. 1 (2017): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.3.1.100.104-117.

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Abstract This research purpose to describe forms of deviation Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness in speech act participant Indonesia Lawyers Club on TV One and its relevance to the Indonesian language learning in high school. The theory is used to solve the problem in this research is the pragmatic theory. While the approach used is descriptive qualitative approach with data collection technique is a technique of documentation and observation. The results showed that the forms of deviations Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness that occur in the speech act participant Indonesia Lawyers Club edition of May 27, 2014 and 7 April 2015 consisted of threatening the positive face and negative face threats. Participants utterances that threaten positive face expression covers complaints, charges, disapproval, criticism, expressions that do not koopratif, embarrass opponents said, and words taboo. While the band is used in the expression of negative advance threatening the expression of rejection, suggestions, advice, requests, prohibitions, promises and praise. Types of speech acts band is used that speech acts directive, declarative, expressive, and refresentatif. Meanwhile, the offense Brown and Levinson’s theory in speech acts ILC participants more based on an awareness for justice, self-defense, solidarity groups, power, recognition of self and groups, law enforcement, the fight against corruption and advocacy on behalf of the people. Relevance of the research results can be applied in learning Indonesian in class XI SMA second half, KD 9. 2 with the subject matter by providing comments on the discussion.

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Martínez-Gómez, Aída. "Facing face: non-professional interpreting in prison mental health interviews." European Journal of Applied Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2016): 93–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2015-0024.

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AbstractFace, or the public self-image that each individual claims for him-/herself, is continuously constructed and negotiated in interaction. In interpreter-mediated events, the interpreter’s actions may threaten, maintain or enhance the primary participants’ face, as well as their own. This single case study of a real-life interview between a prison psychologist and a foreign language-speaking inmate, interpreted by another inmate, aims to explore how and why the three members of the triad engage in face-threatening acts (Brown and Levinson 1987) and face-boosting acts (Bayraktaroglu 1991). The transcribed audio recording of the interview shows how this non-professional interpreter actively seeks to protect and improve his fellow prisoner’s face, as a potential expression of his in-group loyalty, but ultimately prioritizes his own social image in an attempt to present himself as cooperative and trustworthy before the psychologist. This analysis shows how underlying issues of social distance, power and trust forcefully shape conversational behaviors in the prison environment.

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Junaidi, Muh. "POLITENESS, SPEECH ACT, AND DISCOURE IN SASAK COMMUNITY." MABASAN 11, no. 1 (2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/mab.v11i1.48.

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Politeness, speech act and discourse have become an interest area of language use in context. Attention has been drawn to the universality of politeness strategies across the culture. This study examines the nature of pattern of communication in terms of politeness, speech acts and discourse in Sasak speech community. The subject of the study is 1 Tuan Guru giving religious speech in Sikur village. Participant observation is used as the method of data collection in this study. A video recording was used to collect data. Result of the study shows that reminding and suggesting are not the acts of indicating or threatening addressees’ negative face, but positive strategies used to minimize the threat for addressees’ positive face and negative one as a means of saving addressees’ negative face. These three variables were interrelated to decipher the nature of speech pattern of language use in the Sasak speech community. The notion of face should be analyzed according to norms and cultural values of such acts in different speech communities. Hence, the universality of communicative action and the type of speech act in a given speech community are crucial variable to scrutinize the language use in context

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Yaqubi, Mojde, Ebrahim Davoudi Sharifabad, and Wan Rose Eliza Abdul Rahman. "Gender-linked Choice of Politeness Strategies Applied to Translation of Persian Face-threatening Acts into English." International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature 1, no. 7 (2012): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/ijalel.v.1n.7p.66.

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Kamalu, Ikenna, and Khabyr Fasasi. "Impoliteness and Face-Threatening Acts as Conversational Strategies among Undergraduates of State Universities in Southwest Nigeria." Language Matters 49, no. 2 (2018): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2018.1467478.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Face Threatening Acts (FTA)'

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