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Books on the topic 'Facial expression understanding'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Zhixin, Yi, ed. Xin li xue jia de mian xiang shu: Jie du qing xu de mi ma = Emotions revealed : understanding faces and feelings. Taibei Shi: Xin ling gong fang wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2004.

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1934-, Neu Harold C., ed. Understanding infectious disease. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992.

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Mandal, Manas K., and Avinash Awasthi, eds. Understanding Facial Expressions in Communication. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1934-7.

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Profyt, Linda. Children's understanding of emotions in facial expressions. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1990.

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Lee, Daniel H., and Adam K. Anderson. Form and Function of Facial Expressive Origins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0010.

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Facial expressions are an important source of social communication. But we do not know why they appear the way they do and how they arose. Here we discuss evidence supporting Darwin’s theory that our expressions originated for sensory egocentric function for the expresser, which were then co-opted as signals for allocentric social function. We show that facial expressions of fear and disgust have distinct opposing sensory effects that serve each emotion’s theorized function, regulating the intake of nasal and visual information. Then, we show how such egocentrically adaptive expressive forms may have been socially co-opted for allocentric function, transmitting basic gaze signals and complex mental states adaptively congruent for the receiver as the expresser. Together, the evidence connects the appearance of our expressions from their evolutionary origins to their modern-day communicative role, providing a functional perspective for organizing and understanding expression forms.

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Diogo, Rui, and Sharlene E. Santana. Evolution of Facial Musculature. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0008.

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We review the origin and evolution of the facial musculature of mammals and pay special attention to the complex relationships between facial musculature, color patterns, mobility, and social group size during the evolution of humans and other primates. In addition, we discuss the modularity of the human head and the assymetrical use of facial expressions, as well as the evolvability of the muscles of facial expression, based on recent developmental and comparative studies and the use of a powerful new quantitative tool: anatomical networks analysis. We emphasizes the remarkable diversity of primate facial structures and the fact that the number of facial muscles present in our species is actually not as high when compared to many other mammals as previously thought. The use of new tools, such as anatomical network analyses, should be further explored to compare the musculoskeletal and other features of humans across stages of development and with other animal to enable a better understanding of the evolution of facial expressions.

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Ross, Jacob DC. Making Faces: Understanding Facial Expressions for Autistic Kids. Jacob DC Ross, 2015.

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Mason, Peggy. From Movement to Action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0023.

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Tracts descending from motor control centers in the brainstem and cortex target motor interneurons and in select cases motoneurons. The mechanisms and constraints of postural control are elaborated and the effect of body mass on posture discussed. Feed-forward reflexes that maintain posture during standing and other conditions of self-motion are described. The role of descending tracts in postural control and the pathological posturing is described. Pyramidal (corticospinal and corticobulbar) and extrapyramidal control of body and face movements is contrasted. Special emphasis is placed on cortical regions and tracts involved in deliberate control of facial expression; these pathways are contrasted with mechanisms for generating emotional facial expressions. The signs associated with lesions of either motoneurons or motor control centers are clearly detailed. The mechanisms and presentation of cerebral palsy are described. Finally, understanding how pre-motor cortical regions generate actions is used to introduce apraxia, a disorder of action.

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Mandal, Manas K., and Avinash Awasthi. Understanding Facial Expressions in Communication: Cross-cultural and Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Springer, 2014.

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Mandal, Manas K., and Avinash Awasthi. Understanding Facial Expressions in Communication: Cross-cultural and Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Springer, 2016.

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Crivelli, Carlos, and Maria Gendron. Facial Expressions and Emotions in Indigenous Societies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0026.

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In this chapter we critically review and evaluate the evidence supporting one of the core assumptions of basic and applied research on emotion: the pan-cultural “recognition” of facial expressions of “emotion.” We do so by focusing on the body of evidence, as well as the methods used in emotion perception studies conducted in indigenous, small-scale societies. We also assess the criteria used to interpret the results as supporting evidence for the universality thesis. Finally, we look forward to future research in indigenous societies and outline two potential research paths to advance our understanding of human diversity.

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Harding, Duncan. Communication skills. Edited by Duncan Harding. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198768197.003.0011.

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This chapter considers our communication skills in the interview and describes techniques to help communicate effectively with the interviewer. It starts by looking at the psychological context of communication, and then moves onto verbal communication, considering the way content is delivered in its conciseness, tone, and volume. It discusses depth and breadth of content and how to hint at a broader level of understanding in the interview without straying from the question. Our non-verbal communication and expression reflects our core underlying state and this theme is explored by considering body language and facial expression, appropriate language, signposting, and summarizing. The chapter discusses the illusion of structure and includes an exercise to improve our dissemination, accuracy, and fluency of speech. The chapter finishes by learning how to listen and thinking about what makes an expert communicator.

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Fridlund, Alan J. The Behavioral Ecology View of Facial Displays, 25 Years Later. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0005.

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This chapter documents the twin origins of the behavioral ecology view (BECV) of human facial expressions, in (1) the empirical weakness and internal contradictions of the accounts proposed by basic emotion theory (BET) and particularly the neurocultural theory of Paul Ekman et al., and (2) newer understandings about the evolution of animal signaling and communication. BET conceives of our facial expressions as quasi-reflexes which are triggered by universal, modular emotion programs but require management in each culture lest they emerge unthrottled. Unlike BET, BECV regards our facial expressions as contingent signals of intent toward interactants within specific contexts of interaction, even when we are alone and our interactants are ourselves, objects, or implicit others. BECV’s functionalist, externalist view does not deny “emotion,” however it is defined, but does not require it to explain human facial displays.

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Widen, Sherri C. The Development of Emotion Recognition. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0016.

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At all ages, children interpret and respond to the emotions of others. Traditionally, it has been assumed that children’s emotion knowledge was based on an early understanding of facial expressions in terms of specific, discrete emotions. More recent evidence suggests that this assumption is incorrect. As described by the broad-to-differentiated hypothesis, children’s initial emotion concepts are broad and valence based. Gradually, children differentiate within these initial concepts by linking the different components of an emotion together (e.g., the cause to the consequence, etc.) until their concepts resemble adults’ emotion concepts. Contrary to traditional assumptions, facial expressions are neither the starting point for most emotion concepts nor are they the strongest cue to emotions. Instead, just like any other component of an emotion concept, facial expressions must be differentiated from the valence-based concepts and linked to the other components of the specific emotion concept.

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Gallagher, Shaun. Making Enactivism Even More Embodied. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794325.003.0008.

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An enactivist approach to understanding the mind, in its fullest sense, is not just a matter of action-oriented processes; enactivism is about more than action and sensory–motor contingencies. To understand cognition as richly embodied this chapter considers factors involving affectivity and intersubjectivity. Empirical studies show that affectivity, in a wide sense that includes hunger, fatigue, pain, respiration, as well as emotion, has an effect on perception, attention, and judgment. Likewise, intersubjective factors, including the role of bodily postures, movements, gestures, gaze and facial expressions, and dynamical aspects of interaction, have similar effects. This richer conception of embodied cognition also holds implications for understanding how the brain works.

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Rushdy, Ashraf H. A. Private Apologies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851972.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses two philosophical approaches to understanding the dynamics and work of private apologies: either as performative speech acts or as remedial exchanges. Drawing on the writings of J. L. Austin, an ordinary language philosopher, and Erving Goffman, a sociologist, this chapter examines the different ways of conceiving of apology as an illocutionary act, that is, an utterance that performs an action, or as a rehabilitative ritual, involving bodily gestures and facial expressions in addition to the utterance itself. It then explores how these theories from the 1950s and 1960s can shed light on contemporary writers on apology who wish more dogmatically to identify the categorical features of an apology.

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Nayak, Ajit. Heraclitus (540–480 BC). Edited by Jenny Helin, Tor Hernes, Daniel Hjorth, and Robin Holt. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669356.013.0003.

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This chapter examines Heraclitus’ philosophy and its relationship to process thinking in organization studies. It argues that thinking with Heraclitus makes us think beyond conventional categories and concepts and rethink our views on organization. After providing an overview of Heraclitus’ life, the chapter looks at his writings and discusses the challenges facing Heraclitus scholars. It also provides a background understanding for a way to read Heraclitus that seriously accounts for linguistic density and resonance, considers the meanings and connections of Heraclitus’ fragments, and outlines the challenges facing organizational scholars in reading and engaging with Heraclitus. Moreover, the chapter analyses the themes of hidden unity, opposition, and transformation that dominate Heraclitus’ fragments and which find their popular expression in the pairing of Heraclitus with Democritus. Finally, the chapter discusses Heraclitus’ concept of knowledge and his use of logos.

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Kulvicki, John. Modeling the Meanings of Pictures. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198847472.001.0001.

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Pictures are important parts of communicative acts, along with language, gesture, facial expressions, and props. They express wide ranges of thoughts, make assertions, offer warnings, instructions, and commands. Pictures are also representations. They have meanings, which help explain the range of communicative uses to which they can be put. Modeling the meanings of pictures is accounting for the ways in which pictures manage to be meaningful, with an eye toward how those meanings let us use them as we do. The philosophy of language is the most obvious place to look for tools that model meanings. This book offers an account of the many ways in which pictures can be meaningful, which is inspired by the philosophy of language. Its aim is to do justice to the range of communicative uses to which pictures are put. Two main threads run through the book. The first is the meaning thread: Chapters 2, 4, 5, and 6. It unpacks and models many kinds of pictorial meaning. The other is the parts thread: Chapters 3, 7, and 8. This explains how pictures have meaningful parts, why this matters for understanding their uses in communication, and also how this offers a new way to understand what makes pictorial representations so different from language.

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Shaikh, Omar, and Stefano Bonino. Heritage. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427234.003.0009.

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The Colourful Heritage Project (CHP) is the first community heritage focused charitable initiative in Scotland aiming to preserve and to celebrate the contributions of early South Asian and Muslim migrants to Scotland. It has successfully collated a considerable number of oral stories to create an online video archive, providing first-hand accounts of the personal journeys and emotions of the arrival of the earliest generation of these migrants in Scotland and highlighting the inspiring lessons that can be learnt from them. The CHP’s aims are first to capture these stories, second to celebrate the community’s achievements, and third to inspire present and future South Asian, Muslim and Scottish generations. It is a community-led charitable project that has been actively documenting a collection of inspirational stories and personal accounts, uniquely told by the protagonists themselves, describing at first hand their stories and adventures. These range all the way from the time of partition itself to resettling in Pakistan, and then to their final accounts of arriving in Scotland. The video footage enables the public to see their facial expressions, feel their emotions and hear their voices, creating poignant memories of these great men and women, and helping to gain a better understanding of the South Asian and Muslim community’s earliest days in Scotland.

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Herrold, Catherine E. Delta Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190093235.001.0001.

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For decades, the United States has funded democracy promotion programs in the Middle East to little avail. Delta Democracy: Pathways to Incremental Civic Revolution in Egypt and Beyond argues that there is another way forward for US democracy aid. Drawing upon the author’s ethnographic research on Egypt’s nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the wake of the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, Delta Democracy uncovers the strategies that local NGOs used to incrementally build a more democratic and just society. As it takes the reader inside the walls of Egypt’s NGOs, the book illuminates local activists’ perspectives on democracy in Egypt and reveals how savvy organizations promoted it as they navigated rapidly evolving opportunities and constraints in the years following the uprisings. Departing from US democracy brokers’ heavy-handed attempts to reform national political institutions, local organizations worked with grassroots communities to build a culture of democracy through public discussion and debate, free expression, and rights claiming. By weaving this democracy building work into public-facing economic development projects, Egypt’s NGOs managed to persevere through years of government crackdowns on civil society. Taking lessons learned from the Egyptian case, Delta Democracy advances our scholarly understanding of how civil society organizations maneuver state repression to combat political authoritarianism. It also offers a concrete set of recommendations on how US policymakers can restructure foreign aid to better connect with global contemporary civic revolutions for democracy.

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