Academic literature on the topic 'Facial height'
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Journal articles on the topic "Facial height"
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Horn, Andre J. "Facial height index." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 102, no. 2 (1992): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(92)70031-5.
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Maskey, Suvit, and Rosha Shrestha. "Cephalometric Approach to Vertical Facial Height." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 9, no. 1 (2019): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v9i1.25692.
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Introduction: The vertical heights and the proportions are very important for balance of the face and attractiveness along with the good smile. Harmonious vertical proportions and the Antero-posterior relations contribute to aesthetics. Therefore it is necessary to determine the vertical facial height and the ratios in treatment planning of the patients. The aims and objectives of this study are to compare the vertical facial heights of patients considering the Lower Anterior Facial Height (LAFH), the Upper Anterior Facial Height (UAFH), Total Anterior Facial Height (TAFH) and Posterior Facial Height (PFH) among the sexes in Class I skeletal group obtained from cephalometric analysis.
 Materials & Method: The study material comprised of 52 patients (24 males and 28 females) and lateral cephalometric radiographs were traced with Skeletal Class I relationship. Cephalometric analysis was performed by using hand tracing. Independent t tests were used for comparisons.
 Result: The total anterior facial height (TAFH), lower anterior facial height (LAFH), upper anterior facial height (UAFH), total posterior facial height (TPFH) measurements showed no significant differences between both sexes in Skeletal Class I group but statistically significant difference in ratios of posterior facial height and total anterior facial height and also there was statistically significant differences in the ratio between upper facial height and the total anterior facial height (p value <0.05).
 Conclusion: This cephalometric analysis can be applied to determine the vertical height of occlusion which can be helpful in prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients.
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Vieira, Fabiano Paiva, Arnaldo Pinzan, Guilherme Janson, Thais Maria Freire Fernandes, Renata Carvalho Sathler, and Rafael Pinelli Henriques. "Facial height in Japanese-Brazilian descendants with normal occlusion." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 19, no. 5 (2014): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.5.054-066.oar.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the standards of facial height in 30 young (14-year-old) Japanese-Brazilian descendants with normal occlusion, and assess whether sexual dimorphism is evident. METHODS: The cephalometric measurements used followed the analyses by Wylie-Johnson, Siriwat-Jarabak, Gebeck, Merrifield and Horn. RESULTS: Results showed dimorphism for total anterior facial height (TAFH), lower anterior facial height (LAFH), anterior facial height (AFH), total posterior facial height (TPFH) and upper posterior facial height (UPFH) measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The standards of facial heights in young Japanese-Brazilian descendants with normal occlusion were observed. Sexual dimorphism was identified in five out of thirteen evaluated variables at this age range.
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Akinbami, B. O., and Mark Ikpeama. "Analysis of Facial Height between Prepubertal and Postpubertal Subjects in Rivers State, Nigeria." Journal of Anthropology 2013 (June 16, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/308212.
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Background. Appropriate craniofacial growth is vital both for aesthesis and normal growth of the brain. Cranial indices and facial heights are relevant parameters that are useful for anthropometric analyses of the growth of the entire craniofacial skeletal complex. The aim of this study was to determine differences in facial heights between prepubertal and postpubertal subjects. Method. The study consists of four hundred subjects, two hundred males and two hundred females who were selected at random on the ages ranging 12–16 and 17–25 years and were categorized into prepubertal and postpubertal. The facial parameters that were measured were upper facial height, lower facial height, and posterior facial height. Result. There was no significant difference found in the upper facial height between prepubertal and postpubertal females (). Conclusion. This study has shown that facial parameters are sexually dimorphic between male and female subjects and that male facial dimension was significantly higher than that of females. Also, it has been established that prepubertal subjects had higher facial dimension compared to corresponding postpubertal subjects.
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Re, D. E., and D. I. Perrett. "Concordant preferences for actual height and facial cues to height." Personality and Individual Differences 53, no. 7 (2012): 901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.07.001.
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Yadav, Rajiv, Kishor Dutta, Nabin Gosain, Anil K. Yadav, Neelam Yadav, and Kaushal K. Singh. "Vertical Proportion of the Face: A Cephalometric study." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 11, no. 1 (2021): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v11i1.39044.
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Introduction: Balance in vertical facial proportion is an important criteria for good esthetics. Variations in vertical growth are common and have certain orthodontic implications. The objectives of this study were to determine mean upper anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height, ratio between UAFH to LAFH and their difference among genders in skeletal Class I patients with different vertical growth pattern among patients visiting department of Orthodontic and Dentofacial orthopedics, Tribhuvan University Dental Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Materials and Method: This study was descriptive observational cross sectional study with 105 sample aged from 18-25 years. Pretreatment cephalometric radiograph of Skeletal Class I patients were taken and divided into three growth patterns as group I (normal growth pattern), group II (horizontal growth pattern ) and group III (vertical growth pattern ). Upper anterior facial height (N-ANS) and lower anterior facial height (ANS-Me) of all samples were measured on lateral cephalogram with cephalometric tracing ruler parallel to true vertical line. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate mean, minimum, and maximum values standard deviations with p value <0.05. Result: The upper anterior facial height (UAFH) and lower anterior facial height (LAFH) measurements in normal growth pattern was 52.37 and 64.4 , in horizontal growth pattern was 53.0 and 62.2, in vertical growth pattern was 53.37 and 64.42 respectively. The mean ratio of upper and lower anterior facial height in normal, horizontal and vertical growth pattern was 0.81, 0.85 and 0.79 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in upper and lower facial heights between males and females. There was no statistically significant difference in UAFH between normal, horizontal and vertical growth pattern but statistically significant difference was observed in LAFH between groups. Conclusion: The cephalometric values for different vertical groups in skeletal class I can be used more specifically for diagnosis and treatment planning of Nepali population.
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Aisy, Aulia Rohadatul, Avi Laviana, and Gita Gayatri. "Facial height proportion based on Angle’s malocclusion in Deutero-Malayids." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 54, no. 2 (2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i2.p96-101.
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Background: Facial aesthetics are closely related to the harmonious proportions of the facial components. One of the components is facial height. The reference of facial height proportion of certain racial groups needs to be known by orthodontists and surgeons to create treatment outcomes that can be specifically designed for these particular demographics. One of the factors that can affect facial height proportion is malocclusion. Purpose: This study aimed to determine facial height proportion based on Angle’s classification of malocclusion in Deutero-Malayids. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional method, which was conducted on 116 Deutero-Malayid subjects. The subjects’ malocclusion was first examined using Angle’s classification of malocclusion. Upper and lower facial height were then measured to determine the proportion of these dimensions. The results were then grouped based on each malocclusion class. Results: It was found that the upper and lower facial height proportions in the class I malocclusion group were 46.74% and 53.26% in males and 47.52% and 52.48% in females, respectively. The upper and lower facial height proportions in the class II malocclusion group were 48.46% and 51.54% in females. Upper and lower facial height proportions in the class III malocclusion group were 45.31% and 54.69% in males and 46.29% and 53.71% in females, respectively. Conclusion: The largest proportion of upper facial height in Deutero-Malayids was seen in the class II malocclusion group, followed by class I and class III. The largest proportion of lower facial height in Deutero-Malayids was seen in the class III malocclusion group, followed by class I and class II.
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Kakadiya, Jignesh, Prabhuraj Kambalyal, Mukesh Singla, Jyoti Jingar, and Pradeep Vishnoi. "Comparison of Incisor, Molar & Lower Anterior Facial Divergence in Hypodivergent, Hyperdivergent And Normodivergent Patient: A Study Modeland Cephalometric Study." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 04, no. 02 (2016): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672054.
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Abstract Background: There is a strong genetic influence in determination of tooth dimensions bearing an influence on the facial dimension. Aims and Objective: To determine a correlation between clinical crown height of upper and lower permanent incisor (11 and 41), molar (16 and 46) and lower facial height clinically and cephalometrically in males and females. Materials & Methods: A sample of 180 patients were (90 males and 90 females) included in our study,(60-hypodivergent, 60-normodivrgent and 60-hyperdivergent) with an age range of 17-25 years. Threeanthropometric measurements were considered. The lower facial height from subnasale(Sn) to menton, and cephalometric lower facial height distance from anterior nasal spine(ANS) to menton and the clinical crown height of maxillary and mandibular incisors and molars were measured. Observations: Significant difference was observed in relation to 16 in normodivergent patient and lower facial height clinically and cephalometrically in hyperdivergent growth patient. No significant difference between clinical&cephalometric lower facial height in normodivergent, hypodivergent and hyperdivergent male and female patient. Significant difference was observed between 41 to lower facial height in hypodivergent & 11,41 &46 to lower facial height in hyperdivergent patient. Conclusion: A strong significant correlation was observed with clinical crown height of lower central incisor and lower facial height in hyperdivergent and hypodivergent patient.
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Wang, Ming Feng, Takero Otsuka, Susumu Akimoto, and Sadao Sato. "Vertical facial height and its correlation with facial width and depth." international journal of stomatology & occlusion medicine 6, no. 4 (2013): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12548-013-0089-4.
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Farhat, Nazma, Humaira Naushaba, Rita Rani Saha, M. Tanveer Hossain Parash, Jubaida Gulshan Ara, and Mallika Karmakar. "Photographic Estimation of Facial Height and Nasal Length of Bangladeshi Women." Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 11, no. 2 (2014): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20669.
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Context: Estimation of facial height and nasal length from digital photography is important to evaluate and planning surgical treatment of facial trauma, facial defect and post traumatic deformity. So facial height and nasal length values are of great use in plastic surgery and reconstructive surgery. These values are also important for identification of a person in forensic anthropology and archeology. The reliability of estimation of facial height from nasal length by using multiplication factor is high. The values of facial height and nasal length vary among populations. Materials and Method: This is a cross sectional, analytical type of study conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from January 2010 to June 2011. One hundred (100) Bangladeshi 25 to 45 years old women were selected for the study. Fourth class female employees of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital and part time housemaids of Mitford area were selected by purposive sampling as study subjects. Results: The values of facial height and nasal length were 17.949 ± 1.3111cm and 5.179 ± 0.5349cm respectively. Multiplication factor for measuring facial height from nasal length was 3.49 ± 0.2864 (Mean ± SD). No significant difference was found between the measured and estimated facial height from nasal length. Conclusion: The anthropometric base line data of different facial dimensions might help the surgeons in diagnosing and treating reconstructive cases DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20669 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 50-53
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Facial height"
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Pallu, Vera Regina. "Determinação do valor medio do indice de altura facial : (estudo em individuos brasileiros, da região de Piracicaba com oclusão clinicamente excelente)." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287921.
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Orientador: Maria Beatriz B. de Araujo<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T18:22:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 1998<br>Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as alturas faciais anterior (AFA) e posterior (AFP), a fim de estabelecer valores médios para o Índice de Altura Facial (IAF), numa amostra de 70 telerradiografias em norma lateral de, indivíduos brasileiros, da região de Piracicaba, sendo 35 do sexo masculino e 35 feminino, numa faixa etária de 11 a 17 anos de idade, com oclusão clinicamente excelente e não submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico. As proporções faciais estudadas estavam baseadas nas seguintes dimensões: altura facial anterior (Pp-Me), altura facial posterior (Ar-Go), bem como a razão entre a altura facial posterior e a altura facial anterior, descrita como Índice de Altura Facial. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes para as médias das alturas faciais anterior e posterior, assim como, para o índice de altura facial com relação as médias de sexo, indicando que não existiu dimorfismo sexual. As médias de idade para essas três dimensões também não mostraram diferenças 5, estatisticamente significantes, em ambos os- sexos. As alturas faciais anterior e posterior apresentaram um aumento constante e equilibrado durante o crescimento, que foi maior no sexo masculino do que no feminino, Porém, na idade de 17 anos houve uma tendência a diminuição dos valores para AFA e AFP. Os valores médios obtidos para altura facial anterior foi de 64,11 milímetros e para altura facial posterior foi de 51,14 milímetros. Para o índice de altura facial o valor médio obtido foi de 0.79 milímetros<br>Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anterior and posterior facial heights, to determine the average to the Facila Height Index seventy cephalometric radiographs taken fro Piracicaba children and adolescent, 35 female and 35 males, from 11 to 17years old presenting normal occlusion and nor submitted to previous treatment orthodontic. The facial proportions were studied, based on the following dimensions: ENA-Me (AFA); Ar-Go (AFP) and Facial Height Index (IAF) which was obtained dividing AFP per AFA. The results showed that there wasn¿t statistical difference for anterior and posterior facial heights and Facial Height Index to sex and age means, indicating that there were no sexual dimorfism. The mean anterior and posterior facial heights was stable and equilibrate during growth, from 11 to 16 years old and presenting a tendency to decrease in adhult age, grom 17 years old which was greater in the males than females. The mean anterior and posterior facial heights for studied sample was 64.11 mm and 51.14 respectivelly. The mean Facial Height Index was 0.79<br>Mestrado<br>Ortodontia<br>Mestre em Odontologia
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Finlen, Kate Elizabeth. "Long lower anterior face height: phenotypic diversity." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5468.
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Introduction: The hyperdivergent facial form is typically characterized by a long lower anterior facial height (LAFH), steep mandibular plane angle, and skeletal open bite. The purpose of our study was to further explore morphologic variation within long LAFH subjects using geometric morphometric methods. Methods: Cephalograms of 147 individuals (n= 147; 87 female, 60 male; age range: 16-68 years) with LAFH to total anterior facial height (TAFH), ratio (LAFH/TAFH), at or above 57.4% were studied. Cluster analysis and canonical variate analysis captured phenotypic variation and identified homogenous groups. Results: Cluster analysis resulted in three discrete long LAFH phenotypes that varied along vertical and anteroposterior dimensions. Conclusions: We found significant morphologic variation within the sample population of long LAFH individuals. Three phenotypes with varied vertical and anteroposterior discrepancies were revealed through the cluster analysis. Within our sample, we found both convergent and divergent facial patterns with concomitant cranial base rotation and posterior ramal border displacement. Vertical variation was largely independent of anteroposterior discrepancies.
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Targownik, Rana. "The dimensional relationships between the cranial base, body height, and the facial complex." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63007.pdf.
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Eldblom, Hans. "Facial width-to-height ratio as a cue of threat : An ERP study." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15570.
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The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential (ERP) component associated with increased affective processing. Studies have shown that stimuli with high evolutionary significance (e.g. a threatening face) induce increased activity over centro-parietal areas of the brain. In an electrophysiological context, this is hypothesized to be indexed by greater LPP amplitudes. The facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is a facial-masculinity metric which refers to cheekbone width, divided by upper facial height (top of the lip to between the brows). For the first time, LPP amplitudes were examined in subjects upon observing faces with high vs. low facial fWHRs. Prior studies suggest that faces with high fWHRs are perceived as more threatening than faces with low fWHRs. Consequently, fWHR has by some researchers been proposed to serve as a cue of threat. Two separate tasks in the present study were used to investigate this. In the aggression task, males with high fWHRs were judged as more aggressive. Moreover, when put in a threatening context, high fWHR faces also elicited greater LPP amplitudes in subjects compared to faces with low fWHRs. Conversely, in the self-regulation task, differences in LPP amplitudes did not reach significance. In this task, statistical power was low due to few blocks/trials in the ERP experiment and subjects were not primed on threat, which may explain the non-significant results. Taken together, the results provide modest support to the theory that fWHR serve as a cue of threat. Future studies will need to take the present study’s limitations into consideration
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Jones, Madeleine. "Visual Perception of the Facial Width-to-Height Ratio : Possible Influences of Angry Facial Expressions as Revealed by Event-Related Brain Potentials." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17425.
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The facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is a measure of the cheekbone width divided by the height of the face from the upper lip to the brows. The metric is hypothesised to have evolved as an intra-sexual competition mechanism in males, where large fWHRs are thought to signal both threat and aggression. The fWHR is suggested to subtly resemble angry facial expressions, which, in turn, also signal threat. The late positive potential (LPP) and the vertex positive potential (VPP) are two event-related potentials (ERPs) especially sensitive to emotional content. Studies have also found that viewing angry compared to neutral facial expressions elicit a stronger response on the LPP. However, no study has tested how responses to the fWHR and angry facial expressions elicit changes in the LPP or VPP. In this study, participants firstly rated how threatening faces were with either low or high fWHRs with neutral or angry facial expressions. Secondly, EEG-activity was recorded during a picture-viewing task of the same faces. In the first task, participants rated the faces with angry facial expressions as more threatening compared to all other faces, regardless of fWHR, although the high fWHRs were rated as more threatening than the low fWHRs. In the second task, LPP and VPP mean amplitudes were significantly higher for the angry, high fWHR face compared to all other faces tested. This suggests that an additive effect of both angry facial expressions and high fWHRs together creates the highest threat level in both subjective ratings as well as in ERP mean amplitudes. Further ERP research is needed on the relationship between fWHRs and anger to establish how the two features work both separately and together.
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Lindersson, Carl. "Threatening Measures, at Face Value : Electrophysiology Indicating Confounds of the Facial Width-to-Height Ratio." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17350.
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Previous studies support that the relative width of the upper face (facial width-to-height ratio; fWHR) has evolved to signal threat, but these studies rely greatly on subjective facial ratings and measurements prone to confounds. The present study objectively quantifies threat perception to the magnitude of the observers’ electrophysiological reaction, specifically the event-related potential (ERP) called the late positive potential (LPP), and investigate if brow height and jaw width could have confounded previous fWHR studies. Swedish and international students (N = 30, females = 11, Mage = 24 years, SDage = 2.9) were shown computer-generated neutral faces created with the underlying skeletal morphology varying in brow ridge height, cheekbone width and jaw width. Participants first rated how threatening each face was and then viewed 12 blocks of 64 faces while their electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. The results supported that the LPP could be used to index threat perception and showed that only brow height significantly affected both facial ratings (p < .001, ɳp2 = .698) and magnitude of the LPP within the 400 to 800 ms latency (p = .02, d = .542). Hence, brow height, not facial width, could explain previous findings. The results contradict the hypothesis that fWHR is an evolved cue of threat and instead support the overgeneralisation hypothesis in that faces with similar features to anger will be perceived as more threatening.
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Adusumilli, Prathima. "Analysis of intermolar, intercuspid ratios and facial heights in different malocclusions." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2010. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_cdm_stuetd/36.
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Stirrat, Michael. "Sexual selection and trust games." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1014.
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In economic games the facial attributes of counterparts bias decisions to trust and decisions to enter play. We report research supporting hypotheses that trust and reciprocation decisions in trust games are biased by mechanisms of sexual selection. Hypotheses that trust game behaviour is modulated by inter-sexual competition were supported. 1) Attractive individuals elicit more cooperation. 2) Male participants display trust and reciprocation toward attractive female counterparts in excess of perceived trustworthiness (and this display is modulated by male self-reported physical dominance). 3) Female participants appear to respond to male trust as a signal of sexual interest and are therefore more likely to exploit the trust of attractive males. 4) In explicitly dating contexts females are more likely to prefer attractive males to pay for the meal. These results indicate that participants are biased by mate choice and mating display considerations while playing economic games in the lab. Hypotheses that trust game behaviour is modulated by intra-sexual competition for resources were also somewhat supported. 1) Male participants reporting an ability to win fights with same-sex peers are more exploitative of other males. 2) Cues to current circulating testosterone level in counterpart’s faces are less trusted but elicit more reciprocation. 3) The male sexually dimorphic trait facial width-to-height ratio (a trait which is related to both aggression and dominance) is related to an increased proportion of decisions to exploit others in the trust game while also being used by others as a cue to untrustworthiness. We conclude that trusting and trustworthy behaviour in both sexes is biased by mating market considerations predicted by intra- and inter-sexual selection.
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Tunková, Martina. "Městské lázně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215713.
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Wang, Wen-chi, and 王文祺. "Far-Field People Identification for Family Members Using Height and Facial Features." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76826963043907697447.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>電機工程學系碩博士班<br>97<br>The development of biometric technology tends to be more and more maturative, therefore the ever-increasing applications for security have become more accessible to people. It is usually to identify a person with iris, fingerprints, voice and face in the movies. Now, most of the recognition systems are focused on short-distance applications by the characteristic restriction of biological features. Hence, it may be considered that if there is any possibility to extend the application field.
In far-field conditions, the recognition rate would be decreased because the biological features get more and more blurred. It is possible to enhance recognition rate by combining a far-field biological features such as height in a limited application environment. This thesis uses two biological features to develop identification algorithms. The first biological feature used in this thesis is face and it is done by FLD (Fisher Linear Discriminant) algorithm. The FLD is a famous algorithm for face recognition and is composed by two components. The first component of the FLD algorithm is using PCA (Principle Component Analysis) to reduce the dimension of an image and to reduce a computational complexity. LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis) is the second part of FLD which is used to extract the features of image. After LDA, it can decrease the influence factor of recognition rate caused by different lightings and expressions.
The second biological feature is height. The height measurement algorithm is using the single-view metrology when considering a purpose of low cost and low computational complexity. The first step of the algorithm is to process the camera distortion. The second is to set the known reference point of height in the environment. The height of objects will be calculated by using this reference point.
This system will calculate both a long distance feature (height) and a short distance feature (face), and the interaction of the two features can improve the disadvantage caused by the blurred features. Hence the recognition rate will be increased. In this thesis, The experimental results show that the recognition rate in long distance environment can be improved by the proposed system.
Books on the topic "Facial height"
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Targownik, Rana. The dimensional relationships between the cranial base, body height, and the facial complex. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 2001.
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1947-, Van Beek H., and International Conference for Orthodontists (11th : 1997 : Munich, Germany), eds. Orthodontic management of facial height: Long face and short face. Neuer Merkur, 1999.
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Kellerstein, Jeremy. A serial study of the relationship between diminished lower facial height and dentoalveolar morphology. 2005.
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To the Greatest Heights: Facing Danger, Finding Humility, and Climbing a Mountain of Truth. Atria/Emily Bestler Books, 2021.
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O'Brien, Vanessa. To the Greatest Heights: Facing Danger, Finding Humility, and Climbing a Mountain of Truth. Atria/Emily Bestler Books, 2021.
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Kingsbury, Benjamin. An Imperial Disaster. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876098.001.0001.
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The storm came on the night of 31 October. It was a full moon, and the tides were at their peak; the great rivers of eastern Bengal were flowing high and fast to the sea. In the early hours the inhabitants of the coast and islands were overtaken by an immense wave from the Bay of Bengal — a wall of water that reached a height of 40 feet in some places. The wave swept away everything in its path, drowning around 215,000 people. At least another 100,000 died in the cholera epidemic and famine that followed. It was the worst calamity of its kind in recorded history. Such events are often described as "natural disasters." This book turns that interpretation on its head, showing that the cyclone of 1876 was not simply a "natural" event, but one shaped by all-too-human patterns of exploitation and inequality — by divisions within Bengali society, and the enormous disparities of political and economic power that characterized British rule on the subcontinent. With Bangladesh facing rising sea levels and stronger, more frequent storms, there is every reason now to revisit this terrible calamity.
Book chapters on the topic "Facial height"
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Dixson, Barnaby J. W. "Facial Width to Height Ratio and Dominance." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1419-1.
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Dixson, Barnaby J. W. "Facial Width to Height Ratio and Dominance." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_1419.
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Zhang, Siwei, Jinyuan Xie, and Qi Wu. "The Influence of Facial Width-to-Height Ratio on Micro-expression Recognition." In Intelligence Science II. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01313-4_28.
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Peter, Johannes M. F., and Markus J. Kloker. "Numerical Simulation of Film Cooling in Supersonic Flow." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_5.
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Abstract High-order direct numerical simulations of film cooling by tangentially blowing cool helium at supersonic speeds into a hot turbulent boundary-layer flow of steam (gaseous H2O) at a free stream Mach number of 3.3 are presented. The stagnation temperature of the hot gas is much larger than that of the coolant flow, which is injected from a vertical slot of height s in a backward-facing step. The influence of the coolant mass flow rate is investigated by varying the blowing ratio F or the injection height s at kept cooling-gas temperature and Mach number. A variation of the coolant Mach number shows no significant influence. In the canonical baseline cases all walls are treated as adiabatic, and the investigation of a strongly cooled wall up to the blowing position, resembling regenerative wall cooling present in a rocket engine, shows a strong influence on the flow field. No significant influence of the lip thickness on the cooling performance is found. Cooling correlations are examined, and a cooling-effectiveness comparison between tangential and wall-normal blowing is performed.
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Parmar, Jiten D., and Lachlan M. Carter. "Sequencing of panfacial fracture repair." In Oxford Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, edited by Lachlan M. Carter. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682874.003.0078.
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Panfacial fractures involve multiple fractures of the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the face. In management of panfacial fractures, the individual fracture techniques and approaches described in the previous chapters in Section 7 are combined to restore bony continuity of the facial skeleton and provide an aesthetic and functional drape of the overlying soft tissues. The aim in treatment of panfacial fractures is to restore the anatomical buttresses of the face in three dimensions, thus restoring vertical face height, horizontal width, and anteroposterior projection.
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Atkinson, Martin E. "Development and growth of the skull and age changes." In Anatomy for Dental Students. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199234462.003.0042.
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The development of the facial bones is particularly important in the fields of paediatric dentistry and orthodontics. Dental students and dental practitioners who do not specialize in those subjects should have an appreciation of the subject to be aware of the changes to the face and jaws they are seeing in patients under continuous care as they grow, mature, and age. Human beings increase in both size and complexity during the growth period which lasts from conception until maturity at about 16 to 18 years of age. As we have seen in Chapters 8, 1, 19, 21, and 32, most of the increase in complexity occurs during the pre-embryonic and embryonic phases of prenatal development although changes still occur in many organs and tissues well into post-natal life. Size increase is also rapid prenatally and continues throughout the remainder of the growth period although the growth rate changes. Changes in overall size may occur in mature individuals due to obesity or other pathological conditions but this is not growth. Growth in overall size can be studied by examining the changes with age in easily measured parameters such as height and weight. There are two ways in which such data can be presented as shown in Figure 33.1. A distance curve is the simplest method illustrated in Figure 33.1A by plotting height against age on a graph. Changes in the rate of growth are demonstrated more clearly by plotting the increment in the measurement per unit of time such as the increase in height per year against age; this is a velocity curve shown in Figure 33.1B. You can see in Figure 33.1A that height increases more rapidly around the age of 14; the velocity curve in Figure 33.1B makes the rapid growth at this age much clearer. If distance curves are plotted for different body components, the curves show specific characteristics. The overall growth of the body is accurately indicated by measures of height and weight; these measurements plotted against age produce the somatic growth curve shown in Figure 33.2. Growth is rapid in the prenatal and early post-natal period then begins to slow down after about 4 years of age.
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Sims, Cynthia Howard. "Genderized Workplace Lookism in the U.S. and Abroad." In Impact of Diversity on Organization and Career Development. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7324-3.ch005.
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Lookism is preferential treatment of those considered to be attractive and discrimination against those deemed less physically desirable. Value is attached to certain physical characteristics such as skin tone, height, weight, facial features, and hair color/textures. Two of the phenomena that exist under the umbrella of lookism are colorism and weightism, which are both genderized phenomenon that create social and workplace inequities. There are studies that explore physical appearance discrimination external to and within workplaces in the United States; however, there is little research on the impact of these prejudices on women abroad. Since today's global workforce is composed of women from various countries and cultural backgrounds, and their cultural values impact their career aspirations and career opportunities, organizational and career development professionals must understand the implications of both U.S. and international lookism and utilize strategies to address and prevent the related issues.
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Temple, Christine M. "Klinefelter Syndrome." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0025.
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Klinefelter syndrome (KS) was first identified by Dr. Harry Klinefelter in 1942 (Klinefelter, Reifenstein, and Albright 1942) in a report of nine tall men with hypogonadism, sparse body hair, gynecomastia, and infertility. The associated chromosome disorder 47XXY was identified several years later (Jacobs and Strong 1959). The full phenotype consists of hypogonadism, low testosterone levels, infertility, gynecomastia, sparse body hair, eunuchoid body habitus, long legs and arm span, and above-average height. However, except for hypogonadism (small testes), which is present in nearly all individuals with XXY, the physical phenotype may be quite variable. In live-born males, KS has an incidence of 1:500 to 1:1,000 (Bojesen, Juul, and Gravholt 2003; Hamerton, Canning, Ray, and Smith 1975; Ratcliffe, Bancroft, Axworthy, and McLaren 1982; Rovet, Netley, Keenan, Bailey, and Stewart 1996), with a further incidence of 1:300 in spontaneous abortions (Hassold and Jacobs 1984). Klinefelter syndrome is the most common of the sex chromosome abnormalities and the second most common chromosomal disorder after Down syndrome. The possibility that incidence is increasing has also been raised (Morris, Alberman, Scott, and Jacobs 2008). Despite this, possibly as a consequence of poor identification, the syndrome has been studied less extensively than, for example, Turner syndrome (45XO) and many other developmental disorders. Boys with KS are generally tall and long-limbed but with increasing height in the population, these characteristics alone are not necessarily distinguishing. Individuals with KS are generally not immediately identifiable, and many cases of KS remain unidentified throughout life. Up to two-thirds of cases may never be identified clinically (Lanfranco, Kamischke, Zitzmann, and Nieschlag 2004). There is no clearly identifiable facial appearance, although mandibular prognathism (a prominent lower jaw and extended chin) is reported on group analysis using radiographic cephalometry (Brown, Alvesalo, and Townsend 1993). Increased genetic screening now means that 10% of cases in the United Kingdom are diagnosed prenatally on the basis of karyotype, with a further 25% of cases diagnosed during childhood (Abramsky and Chapple 1997). However, this means that 65% of cases reach puberty undiagnosed. In Belgium, fewer than 10% of expected cases are diagnosed before puberty (Bojesen et al. 2003).
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Swartz, David R. "Seoul 1952." In Facing West. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190250805.003.0003.
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Evangelical activism took international shape at the height of the Cold War. Bob Pierce, the founder of World Vision, arrived in Seoul to save Korean souls from hell and the world from communism. World Vision coupled evangelistic efforts with substantial relief efforts on behalf of orphans. Based on interviews conducted in Seoul, this chapter describes American evangelical Cold War activism in third-world sites contested by capitalistic Western and Marxist spheres. Most significantly, it argues that Pierce and World Vision borrowed heavily from Korean pastor Kyung-Chik Han. Nearly absent from American evangelical memory, Han should be considered the cofounder of World Vision.
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Crighton, A., and J. G. Meechan. "Oral medicine and oral surgery in children." In Paediatric Dentistry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789277.003.0024.
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Children experience a variety of oral medicine and oral surgical problems, of which some last into adulthood and some resolve with or without intervention by the dentist or doctor. Even where the same pathology is found in both adults and children the approach to management and the issues of delivering dental care may be very different in each group. This chapter reviews conditions of the orofacial region, oral soft tissues, and bone that are frequently found in children or require a particular approach to their management in a paediatric population. The examination of the child starts as soon as the dentist and the child meet. Observations about a child’s weight, height, and development for his/her age, the attachment to the parent or siblings, and even the clothing worn by the child can be important. Apart from being a good starter to a conversation, the child’s new clothes or shoes can suggest a period of growth. Facial and perioral observation is best completed when seeing the child initially, as first impressions of swelling or asymmetry can be investigated later during the standard clinical examination. Although the history will elicit the findings needed to diagnose dental as well as non-dental conditions, the information needed for non-dental conditions and the impact that these conditions have on the child need particular exploration. When at all possible the child should be the source of the information—usually supported by the views of a parent—but it is important to have the child as the focus for initial information gathering. Be careful not to interpret the language used too literally—not every ‘ulcer’ turns out to be such, and always ask ‘What do you mean by …’ if the child or parent uses a word with a particular meaning to the dentist. Many ulcers subsequently turn out to be ‘sore bits’ with questioning—let the child use language with which they are comfortable. Always ask the child for permission before starting an extra- or intraoral examination of the soft tissues and explain what is going to happen.
Conference papers on the topic "Facial height"
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Bai, Bo, Zhigang Li, Jun Li, et al. "Effects of Upstream Step Geometry on Axisymmetric Converging Vane Endwall Heat Transfer and Film Cooling at Transonic Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-16154.
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Abstract In real gas turbine engines, a gap/step interface commonly exits between upstream of the inlet guide vane endwall and combustor, called upstream endwall misalignment, due to the errors of assembly and the thermal expansion. This endwall misalignment, commonly being presented as the gap/step geometry with different heights, has a significant effect on the endwall heat transfer and film cooling coverage distributions. This paper presents a detailed experimental and numerical study on the effects of upstream endwall misalignment (step geometry) on the vane endwall heat transfer and film cooling in a transonic linear turbine vane passage. The experiment measurements were performed in a blowdown wind tunnel at simulated realistic gas turbine operating conditions (high inlet freestream turbulence level of 16%, exit Mach number of 0.85 and exit Reynolds number of 1.7 × 106. Three types of upstream step geometry were tested at design blowing ratio (BR = 2.5) for the same vane profile: I) baseline geometry with zero-step height of ΔH = 0 mm; II) forward-facing step geometry with negative step height of ΔH = −5 mm; III) backward-facing step geometry with positive step height of ΔH = 5 mm. The endwall thermal load and film cooling coverage distributions were measured using transient infrared thermography, being presented as endwall Nusselt number Nu and adiabatic film cooling effectiveness η, respectively. Detailed comparisons of experiment measurements with numerical predictions were also presented and discussed for three types of upstream step configurations with ΔH = −5, 0, 5 mm, respectively. The numerical simulations were performed by solving the steady-state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) with Realizable k-ε turbulence model, based on the commercial CFD solver ANSYS Fluent v.15. The effects of upstream step geometry were numerically studied, at the same design blowing ratio BR = 2.5, by solving the endwall Nusselt number, film cooling effectiveness and secondary flow field for various upstream step heights: three forward-facing step heights (from −8 mm to −3 mm), a baseline step height (0 mm), and four backward-facing step heights (from 3 mm to 10 mm). The results show the upstream forward-facing step geometry is beneficial for the endwall thermal load and film cooling, though the improvement is weak for all step heights (less than 10% decrease in endwall heat transfer and less than 10% increase in endwall film cooling). However, the upstream backward-facing step geometry is pernicious for the endwall heat transfer and film cooling, and the influence increases with the increasing upstream backward-facing step height. The backward-facing step geometry obviously alters near endwall flow field, leading to an enhancement (up to 20%) in endwall heat transfer and significant reduction (up to 60%) in endwall film cooling effectiveness.
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Abu-Hejleh, Naser, George Hearn, Michael McMullen, and Jorge G. Zornberg. "MSE Walls with independent Full-Height Facing Panels." In Geo-Frontiers Congress 2005. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40787(166)3.
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Yao, S., C. Krishnamoorthy, and F. W. Chambers. "Experiments on Backward-Facing Step Flows Preceding a Filter." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37204.
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The resistance of automotive air filters alters upstream pressure gradients and thereby affects flow separation, the velocity distributions over the filter, and the performance of the filter. Air filters provide a resistance sufficient to alter flows, but not enough to make face velocities uniform. The backward-facing step flow is an archetype with a separation that resembles those found in automotive air filter housings. To gain insight to the problem of separation and filters, experiments were conducted measuring velocity fields for air flows in a 10:1 aspect ratio rectangular duct with a backward-facing step with and without the resistance of an air filter mounted downstream. The expansion ratio for the step was 1:2. The filter was mounted 4.25 and 6.75 step heights downstream of the step; locations both upstream and downstream of the nominal 6 step-height no-filter reattachment point. Experiments were performed at four Reynolds numbers between 2000 and 10,000. The Reynolds numbers were based on step height and inlet maximum velocity. The inlet velocity profiles at the step were developed. A Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA) was used to measure velocity profiles and map separated regions between the step and the filter. The results indicate that the filter tends to decrease the streamwise velocity on the non-separated side of the channel and increase it on the separated, step, side compared to the no-filter flow. Non-separated flow tends to separate due to the deceleration and separated flow reattaches before the filter, whether the filter is placed at 4.25 or 6.75 step heights. The literature shows that without a filter the reattachment location depends on the Reynolds number in the laminar and transitional regimes, but is constant for turbulent flow. However, the area of the reversed flow may vary with Reynolds number for turbulent flow. With the filter at 4.25 step heights, the area of reversing flow is reduced significantly, and the Reynolds number has little effect on the main properties of the flow. With the filter at 6.75 step heights, the reversing flow area decreases as the Reynolds number increases though the reattachment point is fixed just upstream of the filter.
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Masad, Jamal. "The critical allowable height of a backward-facing step." In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-780.
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Shao, Weijie, and Martin Agelin-Chaab. "Turbulent Flows Over Rough Forward Facing Steps." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21359.
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This paper reports an investigation of the effects of rough forward facing steps on turbulent flows. The surfaces of the rough steps were covered with sandpapers. A particle image velocimetry technique was used to conduct measurements at the mid-plane of the test section and at several locations downstream to 68 step heights. A Reynolds number of Reh = 4800 and δ/h = 4.7 were employed, where h is the mean step height and δ is the incoming boundary layer thickness. The results indicate that mean reattachment length decreases with increasing roughness. In addition, the effect of the step roughness decreases with downstream distance. The proper orthogonal decomposition results showed that the step roughness affects even the large scale structures. Furthermore, the reconstructed turbulence quantities suggest that the step roughness suppresses the large scale turbulence.
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Sakai, Eiji, Meng Bai, Richard Ahlfeld, and Francesco Montomoli. "Uncertainty Quantification Analysis of Back Facing Steps Film Cooling Configurations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75686.
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This paper compares two back step film-cooling configurations under an uncertainty quantification framework. An important limit of such configurations is their reliability under geometrical variations, which is taken into account in this study. For the back step configurations, a straight and a curved step is used. Detached eddy simulations with k-ω turbulence model are performed using OpenFOAM ver. 4.0. The Reynolds number is based on the main stream velocity and film cooling hole diameter, d, and is Re = 15,300. The investigated step heights are 0.5d and 0.75d, and the blowing ratios, BR, are 0.5 and 1.0. The straight and the curved steps are found to enhance lateral spreading of coolant flow, resulting in higher film cooling effectiveness compared to the baseline case without the step at comparatively higher BR conditions. The curved step shows better performance than the straight one in particular from BR = 1.0 upwards with the step height of 0.5d. At lower BR with lower H/d, and at higher BR with higher H/d, deterministic simulations are not able to identify the best performer. However when the performance of the two configurations is evaluated considering the stochastic variation of step height and the cooling condition, the benefit of the curved step becomes clear. In particular, the curved step shows better mean performance and has a higher probability to achieve a better performance than the other one. The uncertainty in the film cooling effectiveness caused by the uncertainty of the step height and the BR is investigated using Sparse Approximation of Moment-Based Arbitrary polynomial chaos (SAMBA).
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Shah, M. K., and M. F. Tachie. "PIV Investigation of an Open Channel Flow Over a Forward Facing Step." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37593.
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The characteristics of an open channel turbulent flow over a forward facing step (FFS) are investigated in the present study. Two step heights, h = 6 and 9 mm, at Reynolds number, Reh, (based on the approach freestream velocity, U0, and step height, h) of 1900 and 2800 respectively were studied. Particle image velocimetry technique (PIV) was used to obtain detailed velocity measurements upstream of the FFS, in the reattachment region (x/h = 0, 1, 2) and in the redevelopment region (x/h = 4, 10, 15 and 50). The boundary layer integral parameters, mean velocity profiles and Reynolds stresses obtained in the reattachment and redevelopment region are used to document some of the salient features of the flow.
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Li, Zhigang, Luxuan Liu, Jun Li, et al. "Effects of Upstream Step Geometry on Axisymmetric Converging Vane Endwall Secondary Flow and Heat Transfer at Transonic Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76236.
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This paper presents a detailed experimental and numerical study on the effects of upstream step geometry on the endwall secondary flow and heat transfer in a transonic linear turbine vane passage with axisymmetric converging endwalls. The upstream step geometry represents the misalignment between the combustor exit and the nozzle guide vane endwall. The experimental measurements were performed in a blowdown wind tunnel with an exit Mach number of 0.85 and an exit Re of 1.5 × 106. A high freestream turbulence level of 16% was set at the inlet, which represents the typical turbulence conditions in a gas turbine engine. Two upstream step geometries were tested for the same vane profile: a baseline configuration with a gap located 0.88Cx (43.8 mm) upstream of the vane leading edge (upstream step height = 0 mm) and a misaligned configuration with a backward facing step located just before the gap at 0.88Cx (43.8 mm) upstream of the vane leading edge (step height = 4.45% span). The endwall temperature history was measured using transient infrared thermography, from which the endwall thermal load distribution, namely Nusselt number, were derived. This paper also presents a comparison with CFD predictions performed by solving the steady-state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) with Reynolds Stress Model using the commercial CFD solver ANSYS Fluent v.15. The CFD simulations were conducted at a range of different upstream step geometries: three forward-facing (upstream step geometries with step heights from −5.25 to 0% span), and five backward-facing, upstream step geometries (step heights from 0 to 6.56% span). These CFD results were used to highlight the link between heat transfer patterns and the secondary flow structures, and explain the effects of upstream step geometry. Experimental and numerical results indicate that the backward-facing upstream step geometry will significantly enlarge the high thermal load region and result in an obvious increase (up to 140%) in the heat transfer coefficient level, especially for arched regions around the vane leading edge. However, the forward-facing upstream geometry will modestly shrink the high thermal load region and reduce the heat transfer coefficient (by ∼10%–40% decrease), especially for the suction side regions near the vane leading edge. The aerodynamic loss appears to have a slight increase (0.3%–1.3%) as a result of the forward-facing upstream step geometry, but is slightly reduced (by 0.1%–0.3%) by the presence of the backward upstream step geometry.
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Shao, Weijie, and Martin Agelin-Chaab. "The Structure of Forward Facing Step Flows in Adverse Pressure Gradient." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21357.
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This paper reports an investigation of the effects of adverse pressure gradient on turbulent flows over forward facing step. Three adverse pressure gradients were created for this study using diverging channels. A particle image velocimetry technique was used to conduct measurements in the streamwise-wall-normal (x-y) planes at the mid-plane of test section at several locations downstream to 68 step heights. A Reynolds number of Reh = 4800 and δ/h = 4.7 were employed, where h is the mean step height and δ is the approach boundary layer thickness. The results include the mean flow and turbulence quantities as well as proper orthogonal decomposition analysis. The mean reattachment length obtained indicates that the adverse pressure gradient created in this study does not have significant effects on the reattachment length. The triple velocity correlations imply that there is negative transport of turbulence kinetic energy close to the wall and positive transport away from the wall. In addition to the physical insight, the high quality data reported are useful for assessing the ability of turbulence models to reproduce the behaviour of complex flows.
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Ohya, Chikara, and Satoshi Konishi. "Droplet height control by electrowetting-on-dielectric for selective contact fusion of droplets on facing substrates." In 2018 IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2018.8346778.
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