Dissertations / Theses: 'Facial Morphology'

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Langstaff, Helen Katherine. "The heritability of facial morphology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25447.

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Facial recognition methodologies, widely used today in everything from automatic passport controls at airports to unlocking devices on mobile phones, has developed greatly in recent years. The methodologies vary from feature based landmark comparisons in 2D and 3D, utilising Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to surface-based Iterative Closest Point Algorithm (ICP) analysis and a wide variety of techniques in between. The aim of all facial recognition software (FCS) is to find or match a target face with a reference face of a known individual from an existing database. FCS, however, faces many challenges including temporal variations due to development/ageing and variations in facial expression. To determine any quantifiable heritability of facial morphology using this resource, one has to look for faces with enough demonstrable similarities to predict a possible genetic link, instead of the ordinary matching of the same individual’s face in different instances. With the exception of identical twins, this means the introduction of many more variables into the equation of how to relate faces to each other. Variation due to both developmental and degenerative aging becomes a much greater issue than in previous matching situations, especially when comparing parents with children. Additionally, sexual dimorphism is encountered with cross gender relationships, for example, between mothers and sons. Non-inherited variables are also encountered such as BMI, facial disfigurement and the effects of dental work and tooth loss. For this study a Trimmed Iterative Closest Point Algorithm (TrICP) was applied to three-dimensional surfaces scans, created using a white light scanner and Flexscan 3D, of the faces of 41 families consisting of 139 individuals. The TrICP algorithm produced 7176 Mesh-to-mesh Values (MMV) for each of seven sections of the face (Whole face, Eyes, Nose, Mouth, Eyes-Nose, Eyes-Nose-Mouth, and Eyes-Nose- Mouth-Chin). Receiver Operated Characteristic (ROC) analysis was then conducted for each of the seven sections of the face within 11 predetermined categories of relationship, in order to assess the utility of the method for predicting familial relationships (sensitivity/specificity). Additionally, the MMVs of three single features, (eyes, nose and mouth) were combined to form four combination areas which were analysed within the same 11 relationship categories. Overall the relationship between sisters showed the most similarity across all areas of the face with the clear exception of the mouth. Where female to female comparison was conducted the mouth consistently negatively affected the results. The father-daughter relationship showed the least similarity overall and was only significant for three of the 11 portions of the face. In general, the combination of three single features achieved greater accuracy as shown by Areas Under the Curve (AUC) than all other portions of the face and single features were less predictive than the face as a whole.

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Nebbe, Brian. "Adolescent facial morphology and TMJ internal derangement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/NQ29085.pdf.

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CAPLOVA, ZUZANA. "MORPHOLOGY OF THE FACE AS A POSTMORTEM PERSONAL IDENTIFIER." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/544095.

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The human face carries some of the most individualizing features suitable for the personal identification. Facial morphology is used for the face matching of living. An extensive research is conducted to develop the matching algorithm to mimic the human ability to recognize and match faces. Human ability to recognize and match faces, however, is not errorless and it serves as the main argument precluding the visual facial matching from its use as an identification tool. The human face keeps its individuality after death. Compared to the faces of living, the faces of deceased are rarely used or researched for the face matching. Different factors influence the appearance of the face of the deceased compared to the face of the living, namely the early postmortem changes and decomposition process. On the other hand, the literature review showed the use of visual recognition in multiple cases of identity assessment after the natural disasters. Presented dissertation thesis is composed of several projects focused on the possibility of personal identification of the decedents solely based on the morphology of their face. Dissertation explains the need for such identification and explores the error rates of the visual recognition of deceased, the progress of facial changes due to the early decomposition and the possibility of utilization of soft biometric traits, specifically facial moles. Lastly, the dissertation presents the use of shape index (s) as a quality indicator of three different 3D scanners aimed towards the most suitable method for obtaining facial postmortem 3D images.

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Ding, Huaxiong. "Combining 2D facial texture and 3D face morphology for estimating people's soft biometrics and recognizing facial expressions." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC061/document.

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Puisque les traits de biométrie douce peuvent fournir des preuves supplémentaires pour aider à déterminer précisément l’identité de l’homme, il y a eu une attention croissante sur la reconnaissance faciale basée sur les biométrie douce ces dernières années. Parmi tous les biométries douces, le sexe et l’ethnicité sont les deux caractéristiques démographiques importantes pour les êtres humains et ils jouent un rôle très fondamental dans l’analyse de visage automatique. En attendant, la reconnaissance des expressions faciales est un autre challenge dans le domaine de l’analyse de visage en raison de la diversité et de l’hybridité des expressions humaines dans différentes cultures, genres et contextes. Ce thèse est dédié à combiner la texture du visage 2D et la morphologie du visage 3D pour estimer les biométries douces: le sexe, l’ethnicité, etc., et reconnaître les expressions faciales. Pour la reconnaissance du sexe et de l’ethnicité, nous présentons une approche efficace en combinant à la fois des textures locales et des caractéristiques de forme extraites à partir des modèles de visage 3D, contrairement aux méthodes existantes qui ne dépendent que des textures ou des caractéristiques de forme. Afin de souligne exhaustivement la différence entre les groupes sexuels et ethniques, nous proposons un nouveau descripteur, à savoir local circular patterns (LCP). Ce descripteur améliore Les motifs binaires locaux (LBP) et ses variantes en remplaçant la quantification binaire par une quantification basée sur le regroupement, entraînant d’une puissance plus discriminative et une meilleure résistance au bruit. En même temps, l’algorithme Adaboost est engagé à sélectionner les caractéristiques discriminatives fortement liés au sexe et à l’ethnicité. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus sur les bases de données FRGC v2.0 et BU-3DFE démontrent clairement les avantages de la méthode proposée. Pour la reconnaissance des expressions faciales, nous présentons une méthode automatique basée sur les multi-modalité 2D + 3D et démontrons sa performance sur la base des données BU-3DFE. Notre méthode combine des textures locales et des descripteurs de formes pour atteindre l’efficacité et la robustesse. Tout d’abord, un grand ensemble des points des caractéristiques d’images 2D et de modèles 3D sont localisés à l’aide d’un nouvel algorithme, à savoir la cascade parallèle incrémentielle de régression linéaire (iPar-CLR). Ensuite, on utilise un nouveau descripteur basé sur les histogrammes des gradients d’ordre secondaire (HSOG) en conjonction avec le descripteur SIFT pour décrire la texture locale autour de chaque point de caractéristique 2D. De même, la géométrie locale autour de chaque point de caractéristique 3D est décrite par deux nouveaux descripteurs de forme construits à l’aide des quantités différentielle de géométries de la surface au premier ordre et au second ordre, à savoir meshHOG et meshHOS. Enfin, les résultats de reconnaissance des descripteurs 2D et 3D fournis par le classifier SVM sont fusionnés à la fois au niveau de fonctionnalité et de score pour améliorer la précision. Les expérimentaux résultats démontrent clairement qu’il existe des caractéristiques complémentaires entre les descripteurs 2D et 3D. Notre approche basée sur les multi-modalités surpasse les autres méthodes de l’état de l’art en obtenant une précision de reconnaissance 86,32%. De plus, une bonne capacité de généralisation est aussi présentée sur la base de données Bosphorus
Since soft biometrics traits can provide sufficient evidence to precisely determine the identity of human, there has been increasing attention for face based soft biometrics identification in recent years. Among those face based soft biometrics, gender and ethnicity are both key demographic attributes of human beings and they play a very fundamental and important role in automatic machine based face analysis. Meanwhile, facial expression recognition is another challenge problem in face analysis because of the diversity and hybridity of human expressions among different subjects in different cultures, genders and contexts. This Ph.D thesis work is dedicated to combine 2D facial Texture and 3D face morphology for estimating people’s soft biometrics: gender, ethnicity, etc., and recognizing facial expression. For the gender and ethnicity recognition, we present an effective and efficient approach on this issue by combining both boosted local texture and shape features extracted from 3D face models, in contrast to the existing ones that only depend on either 2D texture or 3D shape of faces. In order to comprehensively represent the difference between different genders or ethnics groups, we propose a novel local descriptor, namely local circular patterns (LCP). LCP improves the widely utilized local binary patterns (LBP) and its variants by replacing the binary quantization with a clustering based one, resulting in higher discriminative power as well as better robustness to noise. Meanwhile, the following Adaboost based feature selection finds the most discriminative gender- and ethnic-related features and assigns them with different weights to highlight their importance in classification, which not only further raises the performance but reduces the time and memory cost as well. Experimental results achieved on the FRGC v2.0 and BU-3DFE data sets clearly demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method. For facial expression recognition, we present a fully automatic multi-modal 2D + 3D feature-based facial expression recognition approach and demonstrate its performance on the BU–3DFE database. Our approach combines multi-order gradientbased local texture and shape descriptors in order to achieve efficiency a nd robustness. First, a large set of fiducial facial landmarks of 2D face images along with their 3D face scans are localized using a novel algorithm namely incremental Parallel Cascade of Linear Regression (iPar–CLR). Then, a novel Histogram of Second Order Gradients (HSOG) based local image descriptor in conjunction with the widely used first-order gradient based SIFT descriptor are employed to describe the local texture around each 2D landmark. Similarly, the local geometry around each 3D landmark is described by two novel local shape descriptors constructed using the first-order and the second-order surface differential geometry quantities, i.e., Histogram of mesh Gradients (meshHOG) and Histogram of mesh Shape index (curvature quantization, meshHOS). Finally, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) based recognition results of all 2D and 3D descriptors are fused at both featurelevel and score-level to further improve the accuracy. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that there exist impressive complementary characteristics between the 2D and 3D descriptors. We use the BU–3DFE benchmark to compare our approach to the state-of-the-art ones. Our multi-modal feature-based approach outperforms the others by achieving an average recognition accuracy of 86,32%. Moreover, a good generalization ability is shown on the Bosphorus database

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Grauer, Dan Proffit William R. "Airway volume and shape from cone-beam CT relationship to facial morphology /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1197.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 26, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Orthodontics of the School of Dentistry." Discipline: Orthodontics; Department/School: Dentistry.

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Hood, Catherine Anne. "Three-dimensional assessment of facial morphology in infants with cleft lip and palate." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/735/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2005.
Includes articles from journals: International journal of paediatric dentistry, vol. 13, 2003, pp. 404-410 ; Cleft palate-craniofacial journal, vol. 41, no. 1, 2004 ; Cleft palate-craniofacial journal vol. 40, no. 5, 2003. Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, 2005. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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Andrade, Lilian Mendes. "Estudo da repetibilidade de medidas angulares e lineares na análise da morfologia facial por meio da estereofotogrametria." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58133/tde-09082016-095926/.

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Os sistemas de estereofotogrametria digital representam um método não radioativo, seguro, preciso e objetivo para quantificar as dimensões dos tecidos moles faciais. Novos equipamentos têm despontado como alternativa viável nas especialidades que tratam do complexo craniofacial. A estereofotogrametria se destaca pela completa ausência de radiação ionizante, alta velocidade de aquisição, grandes ângulos de visualização, navegação virtual da imagem e possibilidade de integração com outros sistemas de imagens. Quando um novo método é proposto, torna-se necessário avaliar a sua confiabilidade na obtenção de resultados. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a repetibilidade intraexaminador em medidas faciais lineares e angulares, em um sistema de estereofotogrametria digital utilizado para avaliação da morfologia facial. A amostra final consistiu em 30 indivíduos adultos brasileiros com idade entre 18 e 45 anos, média de 26,71± 6,53 anos. Vinte e cinco mulheres e cinco homens, saudáveis, sem histórico de traumas ou cirurgias faciais e sem anormalidades congênitas, tiveram pontos de referência marcados em suas faces por um mesmo examinador e foram fotografados em dois momentos, com intervalo de uma semana (T1 e T2), pelo sistema de estereofotogrametria digital Vectra M3® (Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, EUA). Trinta e oito pontos foram demarcados em cada captura. Identificou-se um total de 2280 pontos; 11 medidas foram feitas em cada imagem capturada e 330 medições foram realizadas. As imagens obtidas foram medidas em software próprio do sistema. A análise foi realizada a partir de um conjunto de nove medidas angulares (ângulos nasolabial, mentolabial, convexidade facial, convexidade facial total, nasal, maxilar, mandibular, nasofrontal, maxilofacial, e duas medidas lineares (altura facial média AFAM e altura facial inferior - AFAI), propostas para caracterizar a morfologia facial dos indivíduos da amostra. A repetibilidade intraexaminador na aquisição das medidas foi analisada pela Média Absoluta das diferenças (MAD), Magnitude Relativa do Erro (MRE), Erro Técnico de Medição (ETM), Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC) e análise de Bland-Altman. O teste t para amostras pareadas foi utilizado na identificação de erro sistemático entre T1-T2. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi empregado para verificar a associação entre idade/IMC e o erro nas medições realizadas. Resultados: No cálculo do ETM e da MAD, apenas os ângulos nasolabial (2,17°) e mentolabial (2,88°) apresentaram valores maiores que 2 graus (limite clínico estabelecido para o presente estudo). Para a MRE, 9,1% das medidas foram consideradas moderadas (ângulo maxilofacial), 27,3% foram consideradas boas (ângulo nasal, ângulo maxilar, ângulo mandibular), 45,5% muito boas (ângulo nasolabial, ângulo mentolabial, ângulo nasofrontal, AFAM, AFAI) e 18,2% excelentes (ângulo da convexidade facial, ângulo da convexidade facial total.). Os ângulos nasolabial, mentolabial, convexidade facial, convexidade facial total, maxilofacial e nasofrontal apresentaram valores de ICC (R) classificados como excelentes. O ângulo nasal, e as medidas lineares de AFAI e AFAM tiveram um resultado satisfatório. Não ficou comprovada a relação entre idade/IMC e o erro encontrado entre as medições (diferença absoluta entre T1 e T2). As medidas para AFAM apresentaram um erro sistemático. As medições realizadas foram consideradas precisas dentro dos limites e referências estabelecidas para o presente estudo. Os ângulos nasolabial e mentolabial devem ser interpretados com critério pela variabilidade apresentada. O examinador apresentou boa repetibilidade nas medições realizadas. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo acrescentam confiabilidade ao uso da estereofotogrametria digital na antropometria facial. Os parâmetros de precisão adequados a cada situação, em clínica ou em pesquisa, devem ser previamente estabelecidos.
Digital stereophotogrammetry systems represent a non-radioactive, safe, and accurate method to quantify the facial soft tissues dimensions. New equipment has emerged as viable alternative in the specialties that deal with the craniofacial complex. Stereophotogrammetry system has been highlighted by the complete absence of ionizing radiation, high-speed acquisition, large viewing angles, virtual image navigation and possibility of integration with others imaging systems. When a new method is proposed, it is necessary to assess its reliability in achieving results. The aim of this study was to analyze the intra-examiner repeatability on linear and angular facial measurements into a digital stereophotogrammetry system used to assess facial morphology. The final sample consisted of 30 Brazilian adults aged between 18 and 45 years, average of 26.71±6,53 years. Five men and twenty-five women, healthy, with no history of trauma or previous facial surgeries and without congenital abnormalities, had landmarks labeled on their faces by the same rater and were photographed in two stages (T1-T2), with an interval of one week, at stereophotogrammetry system digital Vectra M3® (Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ). Thirty-eight points were labeled in each capture. 2280 points were identified; 11 distances were measured in each image, giving a total of 330 measurements. The images were measured by a dedicated software system. The analysis was performed from a set of nine angular measurements (nasolabial, mentolabial, facial convexity, full facial convexity, nasal, maxillary, mandibular, nasofrontal, maxillofacial angles, and two linear measurements (middle facial height - AFAM and lower facial height AFAI). Precision and intra-rater repeatability in the measurements acquisition were evaluated by the Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) Relative Error Magnitude (REM), Technical Error of Measurements (TEM), intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. Test t for paired samples was used in the systematic error identification between T1-T2. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to verify the association between age / BMI and measurement errors. Results: to the estimated TEM and MAD only nasolabial angles (2.17°), mentolabial (2.88°) had higher values than 2.0 degrees (clinical limit for this study). For MRE, 9.1% of the measures were considered moderate (maxillofacial angle), 27.3% were considered good (nasal angle, maxillary angle, mandibular angle), 45.5% very good (nasolabial angle, mentolabial angle, nasofrontal angle, AFAM, AFAI) and 18.2% excellent (facial convexity, full facial convexity.). The nasolabial, mentolabial, facial convexity, total facial convexity, maxillofacial and nasofrontal angles showed R values rated as excellent. The nasal angle, and the linear measurements of AFAI and AFAM had a satisfactory outcome. It was not proven the relation between age / body mass index and the error (absolute difference between T1 and T2). Measures to AFAM showed a systematic error. Conclusion: The measurements were considered accurate within the limits and references established for this study. The examiner showed good repeatability in identifying landmarks. The results presented on this study add reliability to the Digital stereophotogrammetry in clinical and research activities, provided there are previously established adequate precision parameters.

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Bavia, Paula Furlan 1988. "Influência da morfologia craniofacial sobre disfunções temporomandibulares, força de mordida, performance e habilidade mastigatórias = Influence of craniofacial morphology on temporomandibular disorders, bite force, masticatory performance and chewing ability." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288647.

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Orientador: Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues Garcia
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T17:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bavia_PaulaFurlan_D.pdf: 2503962 bytes, checksum: dccbc5a874f8a429859a1bee0271bf00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: A morfologia craniofacial no sentido vertical está relacionada com as proporções e configurações da musculatura mastigatória, a qual pode ser influenciada pela presença de disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs), afetando as funções orofaciais, como por exemplo, a mastigação e deglutição. Desta forma, dois estudos foram conduzidos e compõem esta tese. O objetivo no primeiro estudo foi verificar a presença da associação entre DTM e morfologia craniofacial. Para tanto, foram selecionados duzentos voluntários (com idade entre 18 e 50 anos) da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: (1) voluntários com DTM (n = 100, sendo 90 indivíduos do gênero feminino e 10 do gênero masculino) (idade média 27,80 ± 6,10 anos), e (2) voluntários sem DTM (n = 100, sendo 90 indivíduos do gênero feminino e 10 do gênero masculino) (idade média 25,90 ± 5,20 anos). O diagnóstico de DTM foi realizado por meio do sistema de diagnóstico Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Em seguida, foram obtidas telerradiografias convencionais em norma lateral e após análise cefalométrica de Ricketts os voluntários foram classificados como Braquifaciais, Mesofaciais ou Dolicofaciais. O segundo estudo objetivou avaliar a influência da morfologia craniofacial na força máxima de mordida; na performance e habilidade mastigatórias em indivíduos com DTM sintomática. Para tanto, indivíduos do primeiro estudo que apresentaram tempo de dor de no mínimo 3 meses, com intensidade maior ou igual a cinquenta milímetros mensurada por meio da escala visual analógica (EVA) foram incluídos. Desta maneira, 48 indivíduos (com idade entre 18 e 45 anos) do gênero feminino com DTM sintomática (idade média 27,71 ± 5,79 anos) foram divididos em 3 grupos: (1) braquifacial (n = 22); (2) mesofacial (n = 13); e (3) dolicofacial (n = 13). A função mastigatória foi avaliada por meio da mensuração da força máxima de mordida, performance e habilidade mastigatórias. Para o primeiro estudo os dados foram submetidos aos testes de Tukey-Kramer e qui-quadrado de razão de verossimilhança, e para o segundo estudo foi utilizado análise de variância um fator seguido de teste de Tukey-Kramer (?=0,05). Os resultados do primeiro estudo demonstraram que não houve associação entre a morfologia craniofacial e a presença de DTM (p = 0,6622), no entanto observou-se associação entre a morfologia craniofacial e a presença de dor (p = 0,0077). No segundo estudo, verificou-se diferença significante na força máxima de mordida (p = 0,0001) entre os grupos, sendo os maiores valores encontrados em indivíduos braquifaciais, no entanto não foram encontradas diferenças na performance mastigatória (p=0,4543). Em acréscimo, houve diferença significante (p=0,0141) entre os grupos na habilidade mastigatória de apenas um dos componentes avaliados, no qual os indivíduos braquifaciais apresentaram os melhores valores de habilidade. Apesar de não ter sido observada associação entre a morfologia craniofacial e DTM, evidencia-se a importância de uma atenção especial em indivíduos braquifaciais, os quais estão mais susceptíveis a apresentarem DTM sintomática. Além disso, a morfologia craniofacial influenciou a força máxima de mordida, mas não afetou a performance e habilidade mastigatórias em indivíduos com DTM sintomática
Abstract: Vertical craniofacial morphology is related with the proportions and settings of masticatory muscles, which can be influenced by the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), affecting the orofacial functions, such as mastication and deglutition. Thus, two studies were conducted and compose this thesis. The aim of the first study was to investigate the presence of association between craniofacial morphology and TMD. Two hundred volunteers (ranging from 18 to 50 years) were selected from Piracicaba Dental School and were divided into two groups: 1) volunteers with TMD (n = 100, 90 females and 10 males) (mean age 27.80 ± 6.10 years), and 2) volunteers without TMD (n = 100, 90 females and 10 males) (mean age 25.90 ± 5.20 years). TMD was diagnosed by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Subsequently, lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and analyzed by Ricketts' cephalometric analysis and the volunteers were classified as Brachyfacial, Mesofacial or Dolichofacial. The second study assessed the influence of craniofacial morphology on maximum bite force; masticatory performance and chewing ability in subjects with painful TMD. Subjects from the first study presenting pain for at least 3 months, with a minimum pain intensity of 50 mm measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) were included. Thus, fourty-eight female subjects with TMD (ranging from 18 to 45 years) (mean age 27.71 ± 5.79 years) were divided into three groups: 1) brachyfacial (n = 22); 2) mesofacial (n = 13); and 3) dolichofacial (n = 13). Masticatory function was assessed through maximum bite force, masticatory performance and chewing ability tests. For the first study data were submitted to Tukey-Kramer and to the Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square tests and for the second, data were analyzed using ANOVA one-way, followed by Tukey-Kramer test (?=0,05). The results of the first study demonstrated that there was no association between craniofacial morphology and TMD (p = 0.6622). However, craniofacial morphology was associated with painful TMD (p = 0.0077). In the second study, significant difference (p = 0.0001) was observed in maximum bite force values among the three groups, being the higher values exhibited by brachyfacial individuals. No difference (p > 0.05) was found for masticatory performance values among groups. In adittion, the ability to chew only one of the evaluated foods was significant among the groups (p = 0.0141), and brachyfacial subjects showed the best chewing ability. Although there was no association between craniofacial morphology and TMD, attention should be given to brachyfacial subjects, which are more susceptible to present TMD pain symptoms. In addition, craniofacial morphology influenced the maximum bite force, without impairing the masticatory performance and chewing ability of painful TMD subjects
Doutorado
Protese Dental
Doutora em Clínica Odontológica

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Rossetti, A. "ANALISI TRIDIMENSIONALE DELLA MORFOLOGIA FACCIALE CON L'UTILIZZO DELLA STEREOFOTOGRAMMETRIA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/168376.

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Three dimensional analysis of facial morphology using stereophotogrammetry The human face has been largely evaluated from the quantitative point of view in medical literature, using manual anthropometry, photography and radiography. The limits of these techniques are: long-time procedure in analogic data acquisition for manual anthropometry, bi-dimensionality for photography, invasivity for radiography. Stereophotogrammetry promises to be a new, digital, three-dimensional, non invasive technique for evaluating the human face, in several medical fields, such as maxillofacial surgery, aesthetic surgery, orthodontics, prosthodontics, general dentistry. The instrument is based on the binocular vision: two pairs of cameras, with known reciprocal distance and angulation, capture two different images of the same object, allowing its three-dimensional virtual reconstruction, using a dedicated software. The current thesis proposes and evaluates three different applications of this technology: the first study proposes a new possibility in medical imaging, merging the superior dental arch with the 3D image of the face in a unique image. The procedure resulted accurate and reliable, with a relative error magnitude <1.2%, in comparison with direct anthropometry. Applications are possible in the diagnosis and treatment of the dento-facial pathologies, in the monitoring of the orthodontic and orthopaedic therapies. The second study investigates the morphological changes of the facial soft tissues, after dental additive modifications. A dental treatment was simulated by applying veneers with different thicknesses (1 and 2 mm) to the vestibular surfaces of the superior anterior teeth and the resulting new position of the facial tissues was compared with the baseline one. The highest amount of morphological response (from 0.4mm to 0.6mm) was concentrated in a central area around the upper and the lower lip, even using 1mm thickness. The study can help physicians to formulate more complete diagnosis and treatment planning, especially in the aesthetic field of dento-labial region. The third study is an anthropometric and aesthetic-related research of human face proportions, including references to the golden ratio. Out of a population of 600 subjects, who underwent a stereophotogrammetric facial acquisition, two groups of 20 subjects were extracted and divided in “very attractive” and “not attractive” by a panel of 4 judges. 10 facial ratios were compared between the two groups, using an ANOVA test, in order to find differences based on gender and attractiveness. The values of the facial ratios were also compared to the golden ratio (1.618) using a paired t-test. No significant differences were found in any group. Only a few facial ratios have significant relationships with the golden ratio. Beyond the technical results, the study is an example of how much helpful stereophotogrammetry could be in anthropometric research. In conclusion, stereophotogrammetry proved to be a reliable technique in several face-related medical fields. Its characteristics of high-quality imaging, three-dimensionality, non-invasive and easy-to-use procedure will ensure its wider diffusion and affordability in the future.

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Harper, Cally. "Morphology of the melon and its tendinous connections to the facial muscles in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-1/harperc/callyharper.pdf.

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Al-Rudainy, Dhelal Hatem Nsaif. "3D longitudinal evaluation of facial morphology of the surgically managed unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) cases." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9040/.

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Introduction Modern society is passionate about beauty and aesthetics. According to a 2016 survey by the International Society of Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery, the demand for aesthetic surgery is more than ever. People’s perception and awareness of facial aesthetics has increased. Orofacial cleft is the most common facial dysmorphology, with prevalence about 1.46:1000 in Scotland. The aim of the initial surgical repair of cleft lip is to improve facial aesthetics and function, without interrupting facial growth. Nevertheless, facial asymmetry is a stigma in cleft patients, and revision surgery due to a patient or their parents’ dissatisfaction with the outcomes is not uncommon. Objective evaluation of facial asymmetry after primary surgical repair is valuable. It is an indication of the success of surgery, and it informs the surgeon of the magnitude and location of residual asymmetry. The evaluation of facial asymmetry has evolved significantly from landmark-based assessment to surface-based analysis. The latter provides a comprehensive evaluation of facial asymmetry by superimposing the original 3D model on its mirror copy. This permits the quantification and the visualisation of the disparity between the two halves of the face. Many studies evaluated facial asymmetry a few years after primary surgical repair. Longitudinal monitoring and quantifying of facial shape changes can potentially guide the surgeon to the optimal surgical technique. Only a few studies evaluated facial asymmetry before and after primary surgery, and their analysis was dependent on a set of facial landmarks that did not describe the asymmetry of facial surfaces between these landmarks. Unfortunately, the existing literature does not provide comprehensive longitudinal evaluation of facial asymmetry of cleft patients, and the impact of facial expression on residual facial asymmetry has not been fully investigated. Aim The aim of this study was the longitudinal evaluation of facial asymmetry of UCLP patients using an advanced facial analysis tool, and to compare the postoperative residual asymmetry with the control group. The study was carried out to assess the impact of growth and facial expression on residual facial asymmetry. Methodology This study was carried out on 30 UCLP patients. All the patients were Caucasian and underwent the same surgical protocol, which was carried out by the same surgeon at the Royal Hospital of Sick Children, Edinburgh. 3D facial images were captured for the patients, before surgery, at about 4 months after surgery and at four-year follow-up, at rest and at maximum smile using 3dMDface system. Historical data of 70 3D facial images of six-month-old non-cleft infants were also analysed in this study. Facial asymmetry was evaluated using a generic mesh. A generic facial mesh is a mathematical facial mask that consists of 7,190 vertices. The mesh was conformed on each 3D facial image. The conformed meshes were utilised to evaluate facial asymmetry using two methods: the average asymmetry, the total and regional facial asymmetry. The average asymmetry method involved the creation of four average faces for cleft patients: an average preoperative face, an average postoperative face, and two average faces at the four-year follow-up (one at rest and one at a maximum smile). The fifth average face was that of six-month-old non-cleft infants. A mirror copy for each average 3D facial model was created by reflecting it on a lateral arbitrary plane. The original and mirror models were superimposed, the absolute distances between corresponding points on the two surfaces were calculated and analysed in three directions (mediolateral, vertical and anteroposterior), to quantify facial asymmetry. The results were displayed in colour-coded maps. Asymmetry scores were obtained by calculating the median of the absolute distances between corresponding points for the total face, upper lip and nose. The asymmetry scores in the mediolateral, vertical and anteroposterior directions were also quantified. Statistical tests were applied to detect significant differences in asymmetry scores of the total face and each facial region between study groups (before surgery, after surgery and at four-year follow-up), and between surgically managed cleft group and the control group. The correlations of asymmetry scores of the total face, nose and upper lip before surgery, after surgery and at four-year follow-up were also investigated. Results Facial asymmetry in cleft patients was dramatically improved after surgery. However, the postoperative residual asymmetry of UCLP patients was significantly higher than the non-cleft infants in the three directions. Furthermore, facial asymmetry increased during growth, with main impact on the nose. Facial expressions accentuated the residual asymmetry. Specifically, there was considerable shifting of the upper lip toward the scar tissue of the affected side. The residual asymmetry of the nose at the four-year follow-up was correlated to initial nasal asymmetry and residual nasal postoperative asymmetry. The anteroposterior deficiency of the upper lip, nose and paranasal area was pronounced in the cleft group at all time intervals due to insufficient bony support of the cleft maxilla. Conclusions Cleft patients and their parents should be informed of the likelihood of residual asymmetry following surgery. Refinements in primary surgery are necessary. The superficial and deep fibres of the orbicularis muscle have to be accurately repaired according to the direction of the muscle fibres to avoid the shifting of the philtrum of the upper lip toward the scar tissue on the affected side. The orbicularis oris muscle has to be adequately dissected and rotated in the downward direction to eliminate the residual vertical deficiency at the corner of the mouth on the affected side. An incision in the internal lateral side of the nose should be considered to reduce this deficiency. The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle of the cleft side has to be reflected and sutured to the corresponding muscle fibres on the other side, to avoid the residual shifting of the nose to the non-cleft side, and to eliminate the residual vertical deficiency of the alar base on the cleft side during smiling. Revision surgery should be delayed until completion of growth. Before lip revision surgery, it is necessary to evaluate the residual asymmetry when the face is at rest and during facial expressions. Consideration should be given to initial nasal asymmetry and residual postoperative nasal asymmetry. Patients should be informed about the expected need for revision surgery including rhinoplasty. We were able for the first time to quantify facial asymmetry in three directions which provided an insight into the cause of the residual facial asymmetry at rest and at maximum smile. The generic mesh is an innovative tool for the assessment of facial asymmetry.

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Kripakaran, Rolance. "Face Detection and Facial Feature Localization for multi-pose faces and complex backgroundimages." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Datateknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5705.

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The objective of this thesis work, is to propose an algorithm to detect the faces in a digital image with complex background. A lot of work has already been done in the area of face detection, but drawback of some face detection algorithms is the lack of ability to detect faces with closed eyes and open mouth. Thus facial features form an important basis for detection. The current thesis work focuses on detection of faces based on facial objects. The procedure is composed of three different phases: segmentation phase, filtering phase and localization phase. In segmentation phase, the algorithm utilizes color segmentation to isolate human skin color based on its chrominance properties. In filtering phase, Minkowski addition based object removal (Morphological operations) has been used to remove the non-skin regions. In the last phase, Image Processing and Computer Vision methods have been used to find the existence of facial components in the skin regions.This method is effective on detecting a face region with closed eyes, open mouth and a half profile face. The experiment’s results demonstrated that the detection accuracy is around 85.4% and the detection speed is faster when compared to neural network method and other techniques.

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Burke, Gail M. "The correlation of condylar characteristics to facial morphology and their prediction of treatment outcomes in Class II patients." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21157.pdf.

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Alves, Ana Paula Pereira Pinheiro. "Análise comparativa da antopometria facial entre pais de crianças portadoras de fissuras labiopalatinas e indivíduos sem história familiar de fissuras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23144/tde-16092008-163644/.

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Estudos investigativos sobre a influência da hereditariedade nas fissuras orofaciais têm sugerido que indivíduos não-afetados com filhos portadores de fissura labiopalatina apresentam morfologia craniofacial distinta da população geral. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi, por meio de antropometria direta da face, estudar as dimensões faciais dos pais de fissurados em relação a indivíduos sem histórico familiar de fissura, com a finalidade de determinar características faciais que possam inferir uma predisposição à fissura. A amostra foi constituída por 244 indivíduos leucodermas, com média de idade de 34,1 anos, sendo 50 pais e 94 mães de crianças com fissura de lábio com ou sem envolvimento do palato, registrados na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, formando o grupo de estudo, que foi subdividido em grupo pais, grupo mães e grupo casal; e 50 homens e 50 mulheres com ausência de história familiar de anomalias craniofaciais, compondo o grupo controle. Após a marcação de pontos antropométricos na face, foram realizadas 38 medidas antropométricas, correspondendo às dimensões faciais de altura, largura e profundidade, com auxílio de paquímetro digital e compasso facial. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o teste t de Student com correção de Levene para igualdade de variâncias. Os resultados estatisticamente significantes, para o grupo pais, foram: largura da testa; largura da face e distâncias inter-orbital interna e externa menores, enquanto que a largura da base do nariz, a altura do perfil inferior e a profundidade da mandíbula do lado esquerdo foram maiores. No grupo mães, a distância pupila-linha média lado direito, a largura da base do nariz, a largura do nariz, a largura anatômica do nariz, a largura da columela, a altura do terço superior da face e a profundidade da mandíbula do lado esquerdo apresentaram-se maiores. Os resultados do grupo casal foram pouco consistentes porque reproduziram os registrados nos subgrupos individuais. Embora diversas medidas tenham mostrado diferenças entre o grupo de estudo e o controle, apenas a largura da base do nariz e a profundidade da mandíbula do lado esquerdo se apresentam com as dimensões aumentadas nas respectivas subdivisões: pais, mães e casal. Concluiu-se que, pais e mães de crianças portadoras de fissuras labiopalatinas apresentam morfologia craniofacial distinta em relação à população geral; entretanto, não foi possível definir um padrão facial característico.
Recent studies concerning the influence of inheritance in orofacial clefts suggest that non-affected parents of children that present cleft lip and palate show distinctive craniofacial morphology compared to the overall population. The main objective of this research was to analyze and compare the facial dimensions of non-affected parents of affected children and individuals with no history of clefting in the family. The method used was the direct facial anthropometry, since it can determine facial characteristics that may be related to predisposition to cleft. The sample used comprised 244 leukoderms, averaging 34,1 years old, registered at the Dentistry School of the University of São Paulo. The sample was divided in study group and control group. The study group was composed of 50 fathers and 94 mothers of children affected by cleft lip and/or palate and was sub-divided in three sub-groups: fathers, mothers and couples. The control group was composed of 50 man and 50 women with no history of craniofacial anomalies. To evaluate the distinctive facial dimensions, a set of 38 anthropometric measurements were made using a sliding caliper and a spreading caliper to determine the length, width and depth. For statistical analysis the Student t test was used with Levene\'s correction for equal variances. The statistically significant results were: - Fathers group: smaller width of the forehead; smaller width of the face; smaller intercanthal width and biocular width as well as larger width of the nasal root, larger height of the lower profile and larger depth of the left lower jaw. - Mothers group: larger pupil-facial midline right distance, larger width of the nasal root, larger width of the nose, larger width between the facial insertion points of the alar base, larger width of the columella, larger height of the upper profile and larger depth of the left lower jaw. For the parents group, no statistical differences were identified, with results similar to the other two study groups. Although several measurements showed differences from the study group to the control group only width of nasal root and depth of the left lower jaw showed bigger dimensions in the three subgroups, fathers, mothers and couples. In conclusion, this study showed that fathers and mothers of children with cleft lip and palate show different craniofacial morphology compared to the overall population, but it was impossible to delineate a pattern.

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Griffiths, Craig Ashley. "How does the different facial morphology of children with a range of genetic neurodevelopmental syndromes affect how they are perceived by others?" Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/43017.

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Literature Review: This portion of the thesis presents a systematic review and quantitative synthesis (including meta-analysis) of research pertaining to the behaviour of people diagnosed with CHARGE Syndrome. Results suggest that people with CHARGE are likely to present with issues associated with slower motor and adaptive skills development, intellectual disability, language modality, and eating behaviour. Elevated prevalence rates were also found for behaviours associated with a range of psychiatric diagnostic categories. Wide variability was observed in the individual presentation of people with CHARGE, reflecting the heterogeneity of physical manifestations. It is concluded that care should be taken in attributing individual behavioural traits to potential contributory factors. Research Report: The second part of the thesis describes an original research report investigating how the facial appearance of people with a range of genetic neurodevelopmental disorders (GNS) and autism spectrum disorder diagnosis (ASD) may affect prima facie personality trait judgments made by observers. Participants were shown merged face images representing GNS groups at age 12 and ASD diagnosed children at age 9, making trait ratings whilst an eye-tracker recorded viewing behaviour. Results suggested significant differences between trait judgments made between each face compared with a typically developing, age-matched control image. Eye-tracker results suggested differences in how GNS faces were processed with greater attention paid to areas of marked facial difference. Observations relevant to the clinical and social treatment of people with GNSs are discussed, as are implications for future research into face-based trait judgments. Critical Appraisal: A reflexive account is offered about the process of conducting the projects presented within this report, with particular attention to the clinical intent of the report and how that developed over time. Some reflection is offered on how this has changed the trainee's understanding and contributed to their development as a clinician.

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Schmittbuhl, Matthieu. "Différentes techniques d'analyse d'images appliquées à la morphologie faciale des primates hominoïdes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13205.

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Les mesures utilisées en anthropologie physique sont encore, à l'heure actuelle, principalement basées sur des méthodes conventionnelles. Dans une première partie, nous avons donc cherche à adapter les méthodes de traitement et d'analyse d'images aux spécificités de l'anthropologie physique. La quantification de positions relatives d'objets a été approchée par deux méthodes complémentaires et inédites en anthropologie. Une première approche a consisté à étudier le recouvrement des objets dans des projections de référence ; et une deuxième a consisté à déterminer les positions relatives des objets à partir des positions de leur centre de gravité. La description de la forme a été abordée par des approches entièrement nouvelles basées sur les méthodes de Fourier. La forme de contours morphologiquement simples ou holomorphes a été décrite et quantifiée d'un point de vue géométrique par les descripteurs de Fourier ; et la forme de contours morphologiquement complexes par les descripteurs elliptiques rendant possible une interprétation géométrique contrairement aux coefficients de Fourier utilisés classiquement. Dans une deuxième partie, ces procédures développées ont été appliquées a la morphologie faciale de primates hominoïdes (61 cranes de gorille Gorilla, 57 cranes de chimpanzé pan, 8 cranes d'orang-outan pongo, 45 cranes de l'espèce humaine homo). Les positions relatives et les proportions faciales des orifices orbitaires et piriformes ont été quantifiées et décrites en norma frontalis a partir d'une série de paramètres inédits tels que le triangle orbito-nasal, les surfaces de ces orifices et l'indice surfacique orbito-naso-facial. Le triangle orbito-nasal a permis de quantifier l'allongement facial ; la distance bi orbitaire et l'indice d'écartement orbitaire de quantifier l'écartement orbitaire ; et l'indice surfacique orbito-naso-facial de quantifier la robustesse faciale. L'ensemble de ces mesures a également permis de démontrer le dimorphisme sexuel marque chez Gorilla et chez Pongo et réduit chez pan et homo. La forme des orifices orbitaires et piriforme a ensuite été étudiée par les méthodes de Fourier. Ces méthodes ont permis de décrire et de quantifier avec précision des aspects de la forme de ces orifices. Une analyse canonique discriminante des descripteurs de Fourier des contours orbitaires et piriforme a permis de fournir une caractérisation morphologique de chaque individu, et de séparer morphologiquement les trois genres Gorilla, pan et homo avec d'intéressantes perspectives d'un point de vue évolutif.

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Botteron, Sebastien. "La fonction et la morphologie dento-faciale dans la Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne /." Genève : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2007/BotteronS/these.pdf.

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Rieger, Jean. "Variation de la morphologie faciale au sein de la superfamille Hominoidea (Mammalia, Primates)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR15343.

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Lara, Michelle Santos Vianna. "Atividade eletromiografica dos musculos masseter e temporal em individuos com diferentes tipos faciais verticais." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288453.

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Orientadores: Paulo Henrique Ferreira Caria, Darcy de Oliveira Tosello
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia
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Resumo: A influência dos músculos mastigatórios sobre a morfologia facial é importante para o entendimento do crescimento normal e da manifestação das anomalias morfológicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos masseter e temporal em indivíduos com diferentes tipos faciais verticais. A amostra foi composta de 44 voluntários com idade entre 18 e 35 anos, de ambos os gêneros sem distinção de etnia. Medidas cefalométricas em telerradiografias em norma lateral e análise de agrupamento foram utilizadas para classificá-los em três grupos, de acordo com as dimensões verticais da face em tipos faciais distintos: braquifacial (Grupo 1), mesofacial (Grupo 2) e dolicofacial (Grupo 3). Além da avaliação cefalométrica, os voluntários foram submetidos a um exame eletromiográfico com a finalidade de registrar a atividade dos músculos masseter e da porção anterior do temporal em ambos os lados. Foram aplicados os testes Kolmogorov- Smirnov e de Levene para verificar a normalidade e a homogeneidade de variância. ANOVA e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis identificaram diferenças estatísticas entre grupos para os dados que apresentaram e não apresentaram distribuição normal e homogênea, respectivamente. Todos os testes estatísticos foram realizados com nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Para a avaliação repouso apenas os músculos temporal e masseter direitos apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. As diferenças foram observadas entre os Grupos 1 e 2 (p = 0,02) e 1 e 3 (p = 0,038) para o músculo temporal direito; e entre os Grupos 1 e 2 (p = 0,029) para o músculo masseter direito, tendo o Grupo 1 apresentado sempre os menores valores eletromiográficos. Para a avaliação da isotonia, nenhum dos músculos apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante entre grupos. Mesmo diante das diferenças observadas no repouso, pôde-se concluir que os diferentes tipos faciais verticais não determinam padrões de atividade eletromiográfica distintos para os músculos masseter e porção anterior do temporal durante o repouso e a mastigação bilateral.
Abstract: The influence of masticatory muscles over the facial morphology is important to comprehend the normal growth and the manifest of morphological anomalies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the electromyographic activity of masseter and temporal muscles among individuals with different vertical facial types. The sample was composed by forty-four volunteers of both genders ranging from 18 to 35 years of age. Cephalometrics measures in lateral teleradiographs and multivariate statistical analysis were used to classify the volunteers according with their vertical facial dimensions in three groups: brachyfacial (Group 1), mesofacial (Group 2) and dolicofacial (Group 3). Beside this, the volunteers were submitted to an electromyographic examination to register the activity of masseter and anterior portion of temporal muscles bilaterally. The Kolmogorov- Smirnov and Levene tests were applied to verify variance normality and homogeneity. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test identified statistical differences among the studied groups for data that presented and not normal and homogeny distribution, respectively. All statistical tests were performed with 5% of significance level (p < 0.05). For rest evaluation only the right temporal and masseter muscles presented statistically significant differences among the groups. The differences were observed between Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.02) and 1 and 3 (p = 0.038) for the right temporal muscle; and between Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.029) for the right masseter muscle. Generally, group 1 presented the lowest electromyographic values for the four muscles evaluated during rest. For isotonic, none of the muscles presented statistically significant difference among the groups. For the analyzed sample, it could be concluded that the different vertical facial types do not determine distinct patterns of electromyographic activity to masseter and anterior portion of temporal muscles during the rest and the bilateral mastication.
Doutorado
Anatomia
Doutor em Biologia Buco-Dental

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Correia, Baptista da Silva Rodrigo. "Coquina and related hypersaline facies evolution in Shark Bay: morphology, chronology, processes and relationships." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/532.

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A Holocene coquina beach ridge system borders the hypersaline Hamelin Pool and L’Haridon Bight basins in Shark Bay. In Hamelin Pool, eastern and western shores have different degrees of vulnerability to the typically northwest approaching storms. Aerial imagery, GPR profiles, radiocarbon chronology and sedimentological data were used to delineate a depositional and evolutionary model for bioclastic beach-ridge deposits in Hamelin Pool eastern and western shores by assessing their internal and external architecture, facies and radiocarbon ages.

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Custodio, William. "Força de mordida, ciclos mastigatorios e deflexão mandibular em individuos com diferentes tipos faciais." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288658.

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Orientador: Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues Garcia
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A força de mordida pode influenciar o desenvolvimento da função mastigatória e conseqüentemente a terapêutica reabilitadora. Uma vez que a variabilidade associada a este indicador pode estar correlacionada com aspectos intrínsecos ao organismo como a morfologia facial vertical, faz-se necessário estabelecer qual a influência deste aspecto morfológico na força máxima de mordida e em respostas funcionais associadas à função muscular. Assim, a proposta deste estudo foi verificar a força máxima de mordida, os tipos de ciclos mastigatórios e a deflexão mandibular medial de indivíduos com diferentes padrões faciais verticais. Para tanto, 78 voluntários saudáveis, completamente dentados, foram classificados por meio da análise cefalométrica de Ricketts, de acordo com o tipo facial em 3 grupos: G1- Braquifacial; G2- Mesofacial; e G3- Dolicofacial. A força máxima de mordida (FMM) foi mensurada por meio de transdutores de força, posicionados na região dos primeiros molares, durante apertamento isométrico por 7 segundos. Os tipos de ciclos mastigatórios formados durante a mastigação de um material teste, foram avaliados no plano frontal por meio do método eletromagnético de registro do traçado mandibular, utilizando-se um cinesiógrafo. A deflexão mandibular medial (DMM) foi verificada por meio da análise da distância intermolar dos primeiros molares contra-laterais registrados com silicone de adição nas posições de repouso relativo, abertura e protrusão máxima. Os dados de FMM e DMM foram submetidos à análise de variância e Tukey pos hoc (a=0,05). A força máxima de mordida diferiu (P<0,0001) entre os três grupos, sendo que os indivíduos do G1 apresentaram a maior força de mordida, seguidos respectivamente por G2 e G3. No plano frontal foi observada uma predominância de ciclos mastigatórios tipo lágrima para G1 e do tipo hemioval nos demais grupos. A deflexão mandibular medial na abertura máxima diferiu (P<0,0001) entre os três grupos faciais, sendo que G1 apresentou os maiores valores, seguido respectivamente por G2 e G3. Na protrusão, a deflexão medial mandibular foi significativamente menor (P<0,0001) para G3, sendo que G1 e G2 não diferiram entre si. Nas condições em que este estudo foi realizado, conclui-se que a morfologia facial vertical influenciou o padrão funcional muscular, assim como a cinética do movimento mastigatório e a deflexão mandibular medial
Abstract: Bite force can influence the development of the masticatory function and consequently the rehabilitation therapeutics. The high variability of this muscular function indicator can be associated to intrinsic aspects of the stomatognathic system such as the vertical facial morphology. However, the influence of this morphology on the maximum bite force and functional responses associated to muscular function are still not established. Thus, the purpose of this study was to verify the maximum occlusal force, the masticatory cycle patterns and the medial mandibular flexure in subjects with different facial types. Seventy-eight healthy and completely dentate subjects were classified by Rickets¿ cephalometric analysis in accordance to the facial type into 3 groups: G1- Brachyfacial; G2- Mesofacial; e G3- Dolichofacial. The maximum occlusal force (MOF) was measured by means of force transducers located on the first molars region, during isometric clenching for 7 seconds. The types of masticatory cycles formed during the mastication of an artificial test material were evaluated on the frontal plane by the electromagnetic jaw-tracking method, using a kinesiograph. The medial mandibular flexure (MMF) was registered with addition silicone in the maximum opening and protrusion positions. MMF was determined by analysis of the distance between the occlusal surfaces of the contralateral first molars. Data of MOF and MMF were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey pos hoc (a= .05). Measurements of maximum occlusal force were different (P <.0001) among groups, with G1 presenting the highest values, followed by G2 and G3, respectively. Considering the frontal plane, there was a predominance of tear drop cycles for G1 and hemi-oval type from the two other groups. The medial mandibular flexure of maximum opening showed significant differences among all facial groups (P <.0001). The highest value occurred in G1, followed by G2 and G3, respectively. The mandibular flexure of protrusion was significantly small on G3 group (P <.0001), additionally there were no differences between G1 and G2. Within the conditions of this study, we concluded that vertical facial morphology influenced the muscular functional patterns as well as the masticatory movement kinetic and the medial mandibular flexure
Mestrado
Protese Dental
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

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Milligan, Donna Angela. "An Investigation of the Late Quaternary Morphology of Mobjack Bay, VA and Application of a Facies Model." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617677.

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Oueiss, Arlette. "Les rapports tridimensionnels de la base du crâne et du massif maxillo-facial : intérêts en orthodontie et anthropobiologie." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1295/.

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La littérature accorde un intérêt soutenu à l'étude des relations entre la morphologie basi-crânienne et les dysmorphies maxillo-faciales ou les malocclusions. Le but de ce travail est double : d'abord nous voulions analyser la forme basi-crânienne et ses rapports avec les schémas maxillo-faciaux ou les malocclusions. Ensuite nous voulions analyser la morphologie maxillo-faciale et ses relations avec les malocclusions. Nous avons utilisé les données scanner de 312 patients sélectionnés comme ayant des pathologies importantes " limite chirurgicale " et analysé ces donnée par deux méthodes : les procédés de la morphométrie géométrique et une analyse maxillo-faciale spécifique élaborée à Toulouse. Nous pouvons conclure à propos des deux principales questions : * La configuration basi-crânienne n'est pas significativement corrélée avec les différents types de malocclusion, elle reste très stable et elle ne joue aucun rôle étiologique dans le développement des malocclusions. * Au contraire, des schémas maxillo-faciaux spécifiques correspondant aux différentes malocclusions peuvent être décrits avec précision
There is an interest in the recent literature about the relationship between cranial base configuration and facial disharmonies or malocclusions, the conclusions of which are contradictory, due to small sample size and very poor methodology to appreciate cranial base shape. The aims of this work are double, the analyze of the cranial base configuration and its relationships with maxillo-facial schemes or malocclusion and the analyze of the maxillo-facial shape and its relationships with malocclusions. 312 patients selected with great pathologies "border line surgery" were used in this study and 3D method was applied, the morphometric geometry processes and a specific 3D maxillo-facial analysis elaborated in Toulouse. The results revealed two interesting finding, the basicranial configuration is not significantly correlated with types of malocclusion, it is remarkably stable, and it does not play any etiologic role in malocclusion appearance, and on the contrary, maxillofacial specific configurations, corresponding to different types of malocclusion, can be described precisely

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Belhaj, Amina. "Essai de détermination d'une morphologie céphalo-faciale moyenne chez le jeune adulte nord-marocain : analyse céphalométrique classique et multidimensionnelle de 103 radiographies de face et de profil d'étudiants des deux sexes." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR1SO01.

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Nunes, Marcos Felipe. "ESTUDO DAS DIMENSÕES TRANSVERSAIS DOS ARCOS DENTAIS MANDIBULARES EM INDIVÍDUOS COM DIFERENTES PADRÕES FACIAIS." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2012. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1207.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:31:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCOS FELIPE NUNES.pdf: 1735094 bytes, checksum: d669294ec64b8766711cb109225668d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-23
This study evaluated the transverse dimensions of the mandibular dental arches in individuals with different facial patterns. The sample was made up by right lateral cephalograms and dental casts of 33 Caucasian individuals of both sexes, aged between 13 and 25 years in the stage of permanent dentition. The Facial Pattern was obtained through a subjective facial analysis on frontal and profile photographs of 1.500 orthodontic documentations, using the cephalometric analysis by means of ANB angle to define the Skeletal Pattern, which should agree with the Angle malocclusion classification. The sample was divided into three groups: Group 1 - Pattern I, Class I of Angleand ANB 2.0o (±0.5o); Group 2 - Pattern II, Class II division 1 of Angle and ANB≥ 4.0o, and Group III Pattern III, Class III of Angle and ANB≥ - 4.5o. Transversal arch dimensions were measured after 3D digitizing (Scanning Dental Wings) of the cast models, from which were set the transverse distances intercanine, inter-first premolars, inter-second premolars, and inter-first molar mesial and distal cusps, inter-second molar mesial and distal cusps, by using the software Geomagic Studio® 12. The mean values and standard deviation of the transverse dimensions were obtained and to compare the three groups, an analysis of variance and Tukey s post-hoc test were applied.For all statistical tests, the significance level was set at 5% (p<0.05). A statistical difference was detected for 2 of the 14 transverse dimensions evaluated in the maxillary arch in the mesial region of the second molar (p=0.024), and in the mandibular arch, in the distal region of the first molar (p=0.047). The mandibular dental arches were similar for the three studied groups.
O presente estudo avaliou as dimensões transversais dos arcos dentais mandibulares em indivíduos com diferentes padrões faciais. A amostra foi constituída por telerradiografias em norma lateral direita e modelos em gesso de 33 indivíduos, leucodermas, em ambos os sexos, com idade entre 13 e 25 anos, na fase de dentição permanente. O Padrão Facial foi obtido pela análise facial subjetiva em fotografias frontal e de perfil de 1500 documentações ortodonticas, foi utilizada análise cefalométrica por meio do ângulo ANB para confirmar o padrão esquelético, o qual deveria coincidir com a classificação de maloclusão de Angle. A amostra foi dividida em três grupos: Grupo I Padrão I, Classe I de Angle e ANB 2,0 o ±0,5o; Grupo II Padrão II, Classe II divisão 1 de Angle e ANB ≥ 4,0, e Grupo III Padrão III, Classe III de Angle e ANB ≥ - 4,5o. As dimensões transversais do arco foram mensuradas após a digitalização dos modelos em gesso pelo Scanner Dental Wings (3D), a partir dos quais foram estabelecidas as distâncias transversais intercanino, inter 1º PM, inter 2º PM, inter 1º M (cúspide mesial e distal), inter 2º M (cúspide mesial e distal), com o auxílio do software Geomagic Studio® 12. As médias e desvio padrão das dimensões transversais foram obtidas, e, para comparação entre os três grupos foi utilizado a Análise de Variância e teste de Tukey. Em todos os testes estatísticos foi adotado nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Houve diferença estatística em duas dimensões transversais das 14 avaliadas no arco maxilar na região mesial do segundo molar (p=0,024) e no mandibular na região distal do primeiro molar (p=0,047). Os arcos dentais mandibulares foram semelhantes nos três grupos estudados.

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Franco, Fernanda Catharino Menezes. "Avaliação tridimensional da sínfise mandibular em crânios secos e sua associação com diferentes classificações de tipos faciais." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7199.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um estudo morfológico quantitativo e qualitativo da região da sínfise mandibular (SM), através da construção de modelos tridimensionais (3D) e avaliar o seu grau de associação com diferentes classificações de padrões faciais. Foram avaliados 61 crânios secos humanos de adultos jovens com oclusão normal, com idade entre 18 e 45 anos e dentadura completa. Tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC) de todos os crânios foram obtidas de forma padronizada. O padrão facial foi determinado por método antropométrico e cefalométrico. Utilizando o critério antropométrico, tomando como referência o índice facial (IF), o padrão facial foi classificado em: euriprósopo (≤84,9), mesoprósopo (85,0 - 89,9) e leptoprósopo (≥90,0). Pelo critério cefalométrico, o plano mandibular (FMA) determinou o padrão facial em curto (≤21,0), médio (21,1 - 29,0) e longo (≥29,1); e o índice de altura facial (IAF) classificou a face em hipodivergente (≥0,750), normal (0,749 - 0,650) e hiperdivergente (≤0,649). A construção de modelos 3D, representativos da região da SM, foi realizada com o auxílio do software ITK-SNAP. Os dentes presentes nesta região, incisivos, caninos e pré-molares inferiores, foram separados do modelo por técnica de segmentação semi-automática, seguida de refinamento manual. Em seguida, foram obtidos modelos 3D somente com o tecido ósseo, possibilitando a mensuraçãodo volume ósseo em mm3 (VOL) e da densidade radiográfica, pela média de intensidade dos voxels (Mvox). No programa Geomagic Studio 10 foi feita uma superposição anatômica dos modelos 3D em bestfit para estabelecer um plano de corte padronizado na linha média. Para cada sínfise foi medida a altura (Alt), a largura (Larg) e calculado o índice de proporção entre altura e largura (PAL). A avaliação da presença de defeitos alveolares foi feita diretamente na mandíbula,obtendo-se a média de todas as alturas ósseas alveolares (AltOss) e a média da dimensão das deiscências presentes (Medef). O índice de correlação intra-classe (ICC) com valores entre 0,923 a 0,994,indicou alta reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade das variáveis medidas. As diferenças entre os grupos, determinados pelas classificações do padrão facial (IF, FMA e IAF), foram avaliadas através da análise de variância (oneway ANOVA) seguida do teste post-hoc de Tukey. O grau de associação entre o padrão facial e as variáveis Vol, Mvox, PAL, Alt, Larg, AltOss e Medef foi avaliado pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson com um teste t para r. Os resultados indicaram ausência de diferença ou associação entre o volume, densidade radiográfica e presença de defeitos alveolares da SM e o padrão facial quando determinado pelo IF, FMA e IAF. Verificou-se tendência de SM mais longas nos indivíduos com face alongada, porém a largura não mostrou associação com o padrão facial. Estes resultados sugerem que as classificações utilizadas para determinar o padrão facial não representam satisfatoriamente o caráter 3D da face humana e não estão associadas com a morfologia da SM.
The objective of this study was to develop a quantitative and qualitative morphological study of the mandibular symphysis (SM) region through the construction of three-dimensional models (3D) and assess their association with different classifications of facial patterns. Sixty-one human dry skulls of young adults with normal occlusion, aged 18 and 45, with complete dentition, were evaluated. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of all skulls were obtained in a standard manner. The facial pattern was determined by anthropometric and cephalometric methods. By the anthropometric criteria, using as reference the facial index (IF), facial patterns were classified as: euriprosopic (≤ 84.9), mesoprosopic (85.0 to 89.9) and leptoprosopic (≥ 90.0). By the cephalometric criteria, the mandibular plane (FMA) determined the facial pattern as short (≤ 21.0), medium (21.1 to 29.0) and long (≥ 29.1), and the facial height index (IAF) determined the classification of the face in hypodivergent (≥ 0.750), average (0.749 to 0.650) and hyperdivergent (≤ 0.649). Data obtained were reconstructed using ITK-SNAP software. Teeth present in this region, incisors, canines and premolars, were separated from the model by semi-automatic segmentation, followed by manual refinement. Then the 3D models were obtained only with bone tissue, enabling the measurement of bone volume in mm3 (VOL) and radiographic density, by the mean intensity of the voxels (MVox). With the Geomagic Studio 10 software an anatomical best fit superimposition of 3D models was performed to standardly cut in the midline. For each symphysis the height (Alt) and width (Larg) were measured, and the ratio between height and width was calculated (PAL). The evaluation of the presence of alveolar defects was done directly on the mandible, thus obtaining the average of all the alveolar bone height (AltOss) and the average of the size of the present dehiscences (Medef). The intra-class correlation index (ICC) showed values between 0.923 to 0.994, indicating high reproducibility and reliability of the measurements. The differences between the groups as determined by the facial pattern (IF, FMA and LAI) ratings were assessed by analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) followed by post-hoc Tukey test. The degree of association between facial pattern and Vol, MVox, PAL, Alt, Larg, AltOss and Medef variables was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient with a t-test for r. The results indicated no difference or association between the volume, density and presence of radiographic alveolar defects of the SM and the facial pattern when determined by IF, FMA and IAF. There was a tendency of a longer SM in individuals with longer faces, but the width was not associated with the facial pattern. These results suggest that the classifications used to determine the facial pattern does not represent the 3D nature of the human face and are not associated with the morphology of the SM.

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Germa, Alice. "Anomalies de croissance maxillo-faciale : facteurs de risque et accès au traitement." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056691.

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Les anomalies de croissance maxillo-faciale résultent de variations du processus normal de croissance. Après les caries, elles représentent les problèmes bucco-dentaires les plus fréquents chez les jeunes et peuvent entraîner des troubles fonctionnels (mastication, phonation, respiration), esthétiques et parfois psychologiques. Le traitement orthodontique vise à corriger les anomalies de croissance maxillo-faciale. L'objectif de cette thèse est de rechercher des facteurs de risque précoces d'anomalies de croissance maxillo-faciale et d'étudier le rôle des facteurs socio-économiques, culturels et géographiques de l'accès au traitement orthodontique en France. Les enfants de la cohorte EPIPAGE, qui avait inclus toutes les naissances survenues entre 22 et 32 semaines d'aménorrhée dans neuf régions françaises en 1997, ont été examinés à 5 ans. Nous avons étudié les relations entre les caractéristiques néonatales et la déformation du palais à 5 ans chez 1711 enfants. Le sexe masculin, le petit âge gestationnel, le petit poids pour l'âge gestationnel et peut-être l'intubation de longue durée sont identifiés comme des facteurs de risque de déformation du palais à 5 ans chez les grands prématurés ; de plus, les enfants avec des déficiences neuro-motrices semblent particulièrement à risque. La cohorte mère-enfant EDEN, a inclus des femmes enceintes en 2002-2003 et leur enfant à la naissance. Nous avons recherché les facteurs de risque précoces de l'occlusion postérieure inversée et de la béance antérieure chez 422 enfants de 3 ans. En plus d'une tétine encore utilisée à 3 ans et de la respiration buccale qui sont des facteurs connus, un nouveau facteur de risque d'occlusion postérieure inversée en denture temporaire est mis en évidence : la prématurité. Enfin, l'étude chez les 5988 enfants et les adolescents de l'enquête sur la santé et la consommation de soins en France réalisée par l'Insee en 2002-2003, enquête transversale sur échantillon représentatif de la population vivant en France, montre que 23% des 12-15 ans ont un traitement orthodontique. En plus du facteur économique, le moindre recours au traitement orthodontique est aussi lié à l'environnement social et culturel moins favorisé de l'enfant, à l'absence de couverture complémentaire et à l'habitation en zone rurale.En conclusion, pour mieux comprendre les inégalités dans le traitement orthodontique, il faudrait en évaluer les besoins en amont. Nous avons étudié des facteurs liés à la présence d'anomalies de croissance maxillo-faciale à des âges très jeunes afin de pouvoir identifier tôt des enfants à risque de ces anomalies. Il est nécessaire de vérifier leur évolution pour savoir si elles sont de réels marqueurs précoces de besoin en traitement orthodontique.

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Eksaeva, Alina [Verfasser], Bernhard [Gutachter] Unterberg, and Tsanko [Gutachter] Tsankov. "Effect of surface morphology on erosion of metallic plasma-facing materials modelled with the 3D Monte-Carlo code ERO / Alina Eksaeva ; Gutachter: Bernhard Unterberg, Tsanko Tsankov ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217859586/34.

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Parrot, Elsa. "Analyse spatio-temporelle de la morphologie du chenal du Rhône du Léman à la Méditerranée." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30054/document.

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Cette thèse étudie l’organisation longitudinale du lit du Rhône français et son évolution depuis plus d’un siècle afin d’améliorer la gestion des sédiments du fleuve. Elle décrit d’abord la complexité géographique, géologique, et hydrologique des 512 km du système fluvial. Les extractions, l’endiguement, la chenalisation et les aménagements hydroélectriques ont simplifié le tracé latéral du chenal, incisé et pavé le fond du lit et appauvri les habitats aquatiques et riverains. La thèse caractérise ensuite plus précisément les dynamiques de fond. Elle repose sur des données bathymétriques de 1897-2010 et sur des données granulométriques issues de plus de 300 prélèvements réalisés dans le cadre de ces travaux sur l’ensemble du linéaire. Un protocole d’échantillonnage homogène a été spécialement élaboré. Les variations altimétriques du lit (zones de stockage-érosion et faciès morphologiques) et sa composition granulométrique (zones pavées ou comblées par des fines) ont été caractérisées afin d’évaluer la mobilité potentielle de la charge de fond, les apports des affluents et l’impact des ouvrages sur les conditions de transport. Il ressort 1) que l’incision du lit est principalement due à la chenalisation, 2) que les aménagements hydroélectriques ont compartimenté le continuum en provoquant le stockage de sédiments fins dans certaines retenues et en favorisant le pavage dans les vieux Rhône à l’aval de Lyon et 3) qu’une dynamique résiduelle subsiste lors de crues majeures avec une remobilisation modérée de la charge de fond. Les données des secteurs les plus pavés ont été intégrées dans un modèle hydraulique 1D permettant de quantifier la capacité de transport et le débit solide et confirmant les résultats précédents. Ces travaux permettent de formuler des recommandations de gestion durable et de restauration écologique du fleuve telles que l’ouverture des vannes de fond en crue, la modification des consignes aux barrages ou la réinjection de graviers
This thesis studies the French Rhone riverbed longitudinal organisation and its evolution over a century, with a view to improve the management strategy for the sediments. It first describes the geographic, geologic and hydrologic peculiarities of the 512-km long fluvial system. Gravel mining, dikes construction, channelization and dams construction have simplified the lateral pattern of the channel, incised and paved the riverbed and impoverished the aquatic and riparian habitats. The thesis then more precisely characterizes the riverbed dynamics. It relies on bathymetric data collected since 1897 and on grainsize data collected specifically for this study from over 300 samples on the whole 512-km river length. An homogeneous sampling protocol was elaborated on purpose. The vertical bed evolution and grainsize distribution were analysed to assess the riverbed potential mobility, tributaries’ sediment recharge and infrastructures’ impact on sediment transport. It thus appears that 1) riverbed incision is mainly due to channelization, 2) hydroelectric dams partitioned the continuum with the accumulation of fine sediments in some backwaters and the pavement of bypassed reaches downstream of Lyon and 3) a residual dynamic persists during major floods, with moderate gravels transport. The data of paved reaches were used in a 1D hydraulic model to quantify transport capacity and bedload discharge, confirming the aforementioned results. This study helps formulate such recommendations for sustainable river management and ecological restoration as opening slush gates during floods, changing dams management instructions or reinjecting gravel

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Lee, Ju Hun. "Quantitative analysis of facial reconstructive surgery : facial morphology and expression." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/30943.

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The face is an integral part of one’s self-concept and unquestionably the most important attribute used to distinguish one's identity. A growing body of literature demonstrates that any condition that results in facial disfigurement can have a profound adverse impact on one's psychological and social functioning. In this respect, patients with facial disfigurements are at higher risk to experience psychosocial difficulties than others. Owing to injuries or illnesses such as cancer, patients undergo reconstructive surgeries both to recover their facial function and to reduce the adverse impact of facial disfigurements on their psychosocial functioning. However, since surgical planning and evaluation of reconstructive outcomes still relies heavily on surgeons' qualitative assessments, it is challenging to measure surgery outcomes and, therefore, difficult to improve surgical practice. Thus, this dissertation research aims to help patients suffering from facial disfigurement by developing quantitative measures that are 1) related to human perception of faces, and 2) that account for patient's internal status (i.e., psychosocial functioning). Such measures can be used to improve surgical practice and assist patients with disfigurement to be psychosocially adjusted. Specifically, this dissertation proposes quantitative measures of facial morphology and expression that are closely related to overall facial attractiveness and a patient's psychosocial functioning. Such measures will allow surgeons to quantitatively plan and evaluate reconstructive surgeries. In addition, this dissertation introduces a modeling technique to simulate disfigurement on novel faces with control on the type, location, and severity of disfigurement. This modeling technique is important since it can help patients with facial disfigurement gain a more accurate understanding of how they are viewed in society, which has a strong potential to facilitate their psychosocial adjustment. This dissertation provides a new perspective on how to help patients with facial disfigurement address challenging problems in facial reconstruction, aesthetic understanding, and psychosocial actualization. It is hoped that this work has shown that multiple benefits could be realized from future studies utilizing the modeling technique to understand human perception of facial disfigurement and thereby to develop quantitative measures that are closely associated with human perception.
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Hsu, Mei-Yu, and 徐美玉. "Image-Based Facial Expression View Animation Using Local Morphology." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28036586533324879936.

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碩士
中華大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
88
Due to the demand of multimedia techniques becomes more and more important, the impact of image processing has been aspired from traditional academics to customized applications, and from planar 2D image to 3D image processing. But the information of 3D image needed is immensity, the processing is complicated, and the computation is time consuming. Image-based virtual reality construction becomes a more plausible technique, such as virtual panorama. There hasn''t a well-known method to auto-detect the reference anchor points for morphing. We proposed the Facial Expression Anchor Points (FEAPs) and the FEAP rules based on Facial Animation Coding System (FACS) to navigate the facial expression animation. The view morphing technique proposed by Seitz and Dyer that implement on 2D images and constructed an effective result with 3D visual effect. We combined the technique and the radial basis function warping method to fit for our application. The objective of the application is the combination of the facial expression warping and the view morphing technique. While the in-between images have been created using view morphing, we could apply the facial expression morphing to them. Although all of the above procedures are implemented in 2D images, the proposed research expects to construct an effective facial expression animation system based on few 2D images while preserving nice 3D visual effect.

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YEH, KUAN-CHIEH, and 葉冠捷. "Detection of Facial Expressions Using Mathematical Morphology and Genetic Algorithms." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s965jb.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
資訊管理系
106
Based on an evolutionary learning system, call MORPH which is used to recognize alphabets, our goal is to develop an innovative method of facial expression recognition. We wish to develop a filter that can distinguish facial features and expressions through this evolutionary learning system. Therefore, we have to do the preprocessing, find out the facial feature (eyes, eyebrows, mouths and noses) based on this and collocate with seven different types of expressions from Jaffe dataset to do the evolutionary learning system. The first step is “Expand”, generate the morphology sequences to increase population and diversity. The second step is “Compose”, combine the morphology sequences to generate different filters. The third step is “Select”. Calculate the score from the filters and select the outstanding population. The forth step is “Copy”, copy the outstanding population. The fifth step is “Mutation”, mutate the copied population to develop diverse population. Finally, when we distinguish different expression features through evolutionary learning system, the recognition rate could be 76 percent, Although the accuracy is not very high, if we improve this learning system, I believe it can improve the recognition rate and apply it to life.

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Lopez, Hernandez Natalia. "Association between facial morphology, airway, PSG and PSQ in OSA-children." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41790.

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INTRODUCTION: Cephalometric soft tissue findings have shown correlation with pharyngeal width. Facial photographic analysis of patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) shows an increase in width and flatness of the midface. However, three-dimensional facial soft tissue morphology of children with OSA has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association between facial morphology, upper airway volume, Polysomnography (PSG), and Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) findings in children with OSA versus controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample included de-identified pre-treatment Cone-beam Computed Tomography images, PSG and PSQ results of 36 children (mean age 6.8 ± 2.8) from one pediatric dental practice. Three-dimensional facial soft tissue landmarks were digitized using Mimics v.20 software. Upper airway volume was segmented into right nasal cavity (RNC), left nasal cavity (LNC), nasopharynx (NP), oropharynx (OP), and hypopharynx (HP). Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI), Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) scores and Pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) values were correlated with soft tissue measurements (a modified Farkas anthropometric analysis) and upper airway volumes using Pearson’s correlation. Student’s T-test was used to evaluate the difference between facial soft tissue measurements of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) versus the control group. RESULTS: Experimental versus control: Polysomnography findings: Apnea/Hipopnea Index and Respiratory Disturbance Index were statistically higher in obstructive sleep apnea children compared to controls (p=<.0001, 0.0001), and lowest oxygen percentage SpO2 was significantly lower (p=0.006). Airway volume findings: Right nasal cavity was statistically larger in obstructive sleep apnea children compared to controls (p=0.04). Soft tissue findings: Exocanthus right to midsagittal plane, Exocanthus right and Exocanthus left, and Soft tissue orbitale right to midsagittal plane were smaller in obstructive sleep apnea children compared to controls (p=0.01, 0.02, 0.03). Experimental group results: Transverse. Nose: Bialar distance was positively correlated to right nasal cavity and nasopharynx, and negatively correlated to hypopharynx, Apnea/Hipopnea Index, and Respiratory Disturbance Index. Lips: Chelion Right and Left, and Crista Philtri Right and Left were positively correlated to NasoPharynx. Anteroposterior. Most of nose and lips measurements were positively correlated to Right Nasal Cavity and negatively correlated to Respiratory Disturbance Index and low oxygen percentage SpO2. Vertical. Nose measurements were positively correlated to NasoPharynx. Lips measurements were positively correlated to NasoPharynx and OroPharynx and negatively correlated to low oxygen percentage SpO2. Control group result: Transverse. Nose: Nostril Base Right to midsagittal was positively correlated to NasoPharynx and average oxygen percentage SpO2 and negatively correlated to Respiratory Disturbance Index. ProNasale to Nostril Base Right and Nostril Base Left was negatively correlate to Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. Lips: Crista Philtri Right to midsagittal and Chelion Right to midsagittal plane were positively correlated to NasoPharynx and average oxygen percentage SpO2. Anteroposterior. Nose measurements were positively correlated to Right Nasal Cavity, NasoPharynx, OroPharynx, and HypoPharynx and negatively correlated to Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. Lips measurements were positively correlated to Right Nasal Cavity, NasoPharynx. And OroPharynx. Vertical. Most nose and lips measurements were positively correlated to Right Nasal Cavity, NasoPharynx, OroPharynx, and HypoPharynx, and negatively correlated to Apnea/Hypopnea Index and Respiratory Disturbance Index. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that for the experimental group wider faces at the level of the eyes, nose and lips indicated increased upper airway volumes, decreased Polysomnography, and Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire values. Moreover, more forward position of the nose and lips in relation to the coronal plane were linked to increased nasal airway volume and decreased Polysomnography values. Finally, long-faced individuals displayed higher volume of the upper airway and decreased oxygen saturation levels. In regards to the control group, anteroposterior measurements positively correlated to all airway compartments and negatively correlated to Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire values. Vertically, longer faces exhibit larger airway compartments and decreased Polysomnography values.

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(8071661), Ryan Eller. "ENHANCING OUR GENETIC KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN IRIS PIGMENTATION AND FACIAL MORPHOLOGY." Thesis, 2019.

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The biological underpinnings that control iris pigmentation and facial morphology are two areas of research that over the last decade are becoming more thoroughly investigated due to the increased affordability of genotyping and advances in technology allowing for more advanced analysis techniques. Despite the ease of access to the data and the tools required to perform iris pigmentation and facial morphological studies, there are still numerous challenges researchers must overcome when exploring the genetics of these complex phenotypes. Some of these challenges include difficulty in working with the bioinformatic programs designed to analyze genetic associations, the inability to define a phenotype that captures the true nature of these traits, and analysis techniques that fail to model complex gene-gene interactions and their effect on a phenotype or phenotypes of interest.

In this body of work, I attempted to address these challenges by designing a bioinformatic pipeline, Odyssey, that bridges the communication gaps between various data preparation programs and the programs that analyze genomic data. With this program, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) could be conducted in a quicker, more efficient, and easier manner. I also redefined iris color as a quantitative measurement of pre-defined color classes. In this way it is possible to define and quantify the unique and intricate mixtures of color, which allows for the identification of known and novel variants that affect individual iris color. I also improved upon current prediction models by developing a neural network model capable of predicting a quantitative output to four pre-defined classes; blue/grey, light brown (hazel), perceived green, and dark brown. I examined the effects of defining a simple facial morphology phenotype that more accurately captures the lower face and jaw shape. I then analyzed this phenotype via a GWAS and found several novel variants that may be associated with a square and diamond shaped face. Lastly, I demonstrated that structural equation modeling can be used in combination with traditional GWAS to examine interactions amongst associated variants, which unearths potential biological relationships that impact the multifaceted phenotype of facial morphology.

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Eller, Ryan. "Enhancing Our Genetic Knowledge of Human Iris Pigmentation and Facial Morphology." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/21465.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
The biological underpinnings that control iris pigmentation and facial morphology are two areas of research that over the last decade are becoming more thoroughly investigated due to the increased affordability of genotyping and advances in technology allowing for more advanced analysis techniques. Despite the ease of access to the data and the tools required to perform iris pigmentation and facial morphological studies, there are still numerous challenges researchers must overcome when exploring the genetics of these complex phenotypes. Some of these challenges include difficulty in working with the bioinformatic programs designed to analyze genetic associations, the inability to define a phenotype that captures the true nature of these traits, and analysis techniques that fail to model complex gene-gene interactions and their effect on a phenotype or phenotypes of interest. In this body of work, I attempted to address these challenges by designing a bioinformatic pipeline, Odyssey, that bridges the communication gaps between various data preparation programs and the programs that analyze genomic data. With this program, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) could be conducted in a quicker, more efficient, and easier manner. I also redefined iris color as a quantitative measurement of pre-defined color classes. In this way it is possible to define and quantify the unique and intricate mixtures of color, which allows for the identification of known and novel variants that affect individual iris color. I also improved upon current prediction models by developing a neural network model capable of predicting a quantitative output to four pre-defined classes; blue/grey, light brown (hazel), perceived green, and dark brown. I examined the effects of defining a simple facial morphology phenotype that more accurately captures the lower face and jaw shape. I then analyzed this phenotype via a GWAS and found several novel variants that may be associated with a square and diamond shaped face. Lastly, I demonstrated that structural equation modeling can be used in combination with traditional GWAS to examine interactions amongst associated variants, which unearths potential biological relationships that impact the multifaceted phenotype of facial morphology.

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Martin, Christina M. "A study of pre-treatment craniofacial morphology and its relationship to treatment change a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... orthodontics ... /." 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=96Y9AAAAMAAJ.

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Anandarajah, Seerone. "3-D pharyngeal airway related to facial morphology, upper cervical vertebral column morphology and skeletal maturation in children: a pilot study." Thesis, 2015. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/45252/1/45252-anandarajah-2015-thesis.pdf.

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Pharyngeal airway dimensions are associated with growth, anatomical, postural and mechanical factors, but the interactions of these associations are not yet fully understood. Therefore the aim of the present study was to examine and relate the pharyngeal airway dimensions to dentofacial morphology, upper cervical vertebral column morphology and skeletal maturation in pre-orthodontic children. Furthermore, parameters with the greatest relevance to airway dimensions were analysed. Subjects and Methods: Airway volume, minimal cross-sectional area and upper cervical vertebral column morphology were 3-dimensionlly assessed on 105 CBCT scans of healthy pre-orthodontic children (44 boys, 61 girls; mean age, 10.7 ± 2.4 years). Cephalometric features and skeletal maturity were assessed on generated 2-dimensional cephalograms. Associations were tested by Spearman correlation analyses and analyses of variance (ANOVA). The effect of gender, age and skeletal maturation and the parameters with the greatest relevance to airway dimensions were tested by linear regression analysis. Results: The airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area were greater in children of an older age than younger age (p<0.001, p<0.01 respectively). After adjustment for the effect of age, skeletal maturity and gender, there were moderate positive associations with maxillary and mandibular width and airway volume (r = 0.53**, 0.60*** respectively) and weak positive associations with minimal cross-sectional area (r = 0.35**, r = 0.35*** respectively). Anterior face height (r = 0.51*) and upper anterior face height (r = 0.52*) had moderate positive associations with airway volume whereas sagittal jaw relationship had a weak negative association with minimal cross-sectional area (r= -0.35*). Gender, molar occlusion and upper cervical vertebral column morphology were not significantly associated with airway dimensions. Mandibular width and age were the most relevant factors for airway volume (r2 = 0.36). Mandibular width and sagittal jaw relationship were the most relevant factors for minimal crosssectional area (r2 = 0.16). Conclusion: The results indicate that airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area have a weak to moderate association with age, skeletal maturation and craniofacial dimensions in pre-orthodontic children.

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Kellerstein, Jeremy. "A serial study of the relationship between diminished lower facial height and dentoalveolar morphology." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370200&T=F.

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Chia-Nan, Hung, and 洪嘉男. "The Influence of Facial Morphology on The Prognosis of Eruption on Lower Third Molars." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86143483134287881935.

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碩士
台北醫學院
口腔復健醫學研究所
89
Prediction of 3rd molar (M3) prognosis in position and eruption are important clinical issues because dentists often had difficulties in making decisions as to whether mandibular M3 should be removed in orthodontic or other dental treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine radiographically the angulations and position of mandibular M3 in relation to facial morphology in male adult Taiwanese. A total of 116 university male students with a number of 232 mandibular M3 which were completely root formatted, intact lower arch, and not received orthodontic treatment samples, Panoramic and cephalometric radiograph were taken in standardized condition. The mandibular M3 was divided into eruption and impaction groups to investigate the relationship between facial morphology and the prognosis of eruption. There was no difference on angulations and position of mandibular M3 between right side and left side. Compared with the impacted group, the erupted group had anteriorly positioned and larger maxilla and mandible, less ramus-corpus angle and more protrusive lower incisors.

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Su, Ching-Ming, and 蘇靜明. "The relationship between oral status, facial morphology and maximum bite force in preschool children." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33870608496794674759.

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碩士
高雄醫學大學
口腔衛生科學碩士在職專班
93
Abstract Study objective: The purpose of this study was to find the correlation of bite force and associated variable factors, such as age, sex, body height, body weight, caries index, occlusal pattern, tooth contact and maximum mouth opening in 4 to 6 year-old healthy preschool children and evaluates the interrelationship between facial morphology and bite force. Materials and Methods: The subjects were selected from two kindergartens around Kaohsiung County. Total of 201 preschool children (86 boys and 115 girls) aged from 4 to 6 years old were studied. Oral status and occlusal pattern were evaluated and recorded by attentive examination. Bite force was measured twice at the primary molar area and the highest value will be chosen after taking two times on left and right side of each child. Facial morphology was evaluated on profile and check ‘en’ or ‘on’ face photography. Result: The aspect of growing variables of preschool children correlated between boys and girls with bite force, although there was no significant difference, it displayed a significant difference on growing development among three age levels. The oral status variables such as the number of maxillary posterior teeth in contact and maximum mouth opening showed a significant positive correlation with bite force and teeth missing showed a significant negative correlation with bite force. A significant correlation between bite force with facial morphologic variables including positive correlative factors such as chin-facial index and chin index and a negative correlative factor such as mandibular plane angle were also found. Conclusion and suggestions: This was the first comprehensive study to research into the correlation of maximum bite force with oral condition and facial morphology in preschool children. It substitutes cephalometric radiography with photography by using statistical analysis in studying facial morphology. We adopted the ratio and angle related to the facial morphological variables in this research, especially including the chin index and chin-face index which distinguish the interrelationship between lower facial height with bite force. This reduced the errors which are produced in length measures and converted with number values. In addition, we could understand the relationship and influence between the different face types with bite force, and take this opportunity to set up a normal preschool craniumfacial index and database. We will collect and complete normal facial morphological data for all ages in the future. By synthesizing the results of our study, we can find that facial morphological factors are not the overwhelming decisive factor to bite force. Factors such as age, maximum mouth opening and the number of teeth in contact are getting more apparent comparatively in relation to bite force. How to teach children to maintain good oral hygiene and their intact and functional teeth is the goal that relevant professionals make as a joint effort with parents. Key words: Maximum bite force, oral condition, facial morphology, preschool children

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Tseng, Yueh Chin, and 曾樂琴. "Effects of Cyclosporine and Demineralized Bone Matrix Grafting on trabecular Bone Morphology at Maxillo-facial Bony Defects in Rats." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39863507767121412808.

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碩士
國防醫學院
牙醫科學研究所
87
Demineralized freeze dried bone (DFDB) has been widely used for repairing the various osseous defects since bone induction potential from DFDB was first reported by Urist and his coworkers in 1965. Although factors affecting the success or failure of allo- or xeno-genic bone grafting have still not been fully understood, immune reactions obviously plays a certain important role. Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant, acts primarily on the inhibition of T cell activation. However, CsA can also modulate bone turnover. Documents investigating whether CsA can modify the graft-induced immune responses and enhance bone formation after grafting are still limited. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of CsA on the various bone grafting by using a rat model. Three types of DFDB matrix for grafting were made from rats, rabbits and human. Two kinds of surgical wounds were made in Sprague-Dawley rats: (1) extraction sockets from maxillar right molars, or (2) experimentally created round hole around mandible body. A total of 61 rats were separated into a control and a CsA groups. DFDB matrix was implanted in surgical wounds respectively. After surgery, the animals were then fed with olive oil or CsA 2 mg/kg for 10 days. Animals were all sacrificed at the end of experiment and the histopathological evaluation were then performed. Results showed that trabecular bone volume and width were not different in both with and without DFDB matrix, however, they were significantly decreased after CSA therapy. Opposite findings that increased osteoid volume and width were noted in CsA groups, especially during xenogenic matrix, were observed. Furthermore, we found chondrocytes around DFDB matrix in surgically created hole of mandible. Therefore, we hypothesis that bone grafting combined CsA may speed up bone turnover rate and enhance chondrogenic potential around intra-membranous bone.

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BUZI, COSTANTINO. "Morphology of the inner structures of the facial skeleton in Homo neanderthalensis and the case-study of the Neanderthal from Altamura (Bari, Italy)." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1365940.

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The PhD project has the aim to provide an accurate anatomical characterization of the facial regions (with a focus on the para-nasal areas) in the fossil human species Homo neanderthalensis, whose peculiar facial morphology is the topic of unresolved hypothesis on adaptation to climate and/or phylogenetic factors. Both can be at the origin of the variability of Neanderthals and can be taken into consideration, more in general, for the human populations from the Middle and Upper Pleistocene of Europe, thus from around 800 to 11 thousand years ago (ka). In this timespan, it can be seen a differential development of a set of cranial features which was resumed by J.J. Hublin and colleagues with the ‘accretion model’. In this scenario, a Neanderthal specimen from Italy, known as the ‘Altamura Man’ and discovered in 1993 in the Lamalunga karstic system in Apulia (southern Italy), represents a crucial subject of study, because its unique state of preservation and its antiquity, comprised between 172 and 130 ka. The nearly complete skeleton is still preserved in situ because of several factors, among which its exceptional completeness and thus has been the subject of a study of virtual paleoanthropology aimed at the reconstruction and observation of facial structures often damaged or completely absent in the fossil record.

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Moslerová, Veronika. "Hodnocení morfologie obličeje pacientů s orofaciálními rozštěpy v návaznosti na terapeutické postupy." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-383870.

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The presented thesis summarizes the results of research on craniofacial morphology in patients with facial cleft defects in relation to therapeutic approaches (Caganova et al., 2014; Dadáková et al., 2016; Hoffmannova et al., 2016; Hoffmannova et al., 2018; Moslerová et al., 2018). The effect of therapy in individuals with pathological growth disorders cannot be evaluated without detailed auxological studies of control subjects whose facial morphology, longitudinal changes, or manifestations of sexual dimorphism were evaluated upon similar methodology (Koudelová et al. 2015). Therefore, the thesis was conceived as a volume of six publications complemented with a general synthetic introduction into the area of study. Together, the thesis includes probands in a broad age spectrum from birth to 15 years with a total of 294 facial 3D scans, 36 tele-X-ray face images, 3D scans of 112 gypsum palate castings. The methods of geometric morphometry and multidimensional statistics prevail in the assessment. The main clinical part of the thesis deals with the influence of two types of surgery on the facial growth and development of patients with cleft palate, namely secondary spongioplasty (SS) and neonatal cheiloplasty (NCH). Neonatal cheiloplasty (NCH) is the surgery whose effects were studied from several...

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Klusáčková, Tereza. "Vztah morfologie obličeje a fyzické síly: Testování hypotézy Other-Race efektu." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405916.

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Existing evidence shows people are able to attribute an individual's behavioural characteristics based on their facial features with a certain level of accuracy; one such characteristic is the perception of physical strength in potential opponents within the male intersexual competition. Physical strength seems be assessed upon the level of masculine facial features development. However, attributions may be influenced by other factors - namely personality traits of the evaluator or the so-called Other-race effect. In this study portrait photographs of men from Europe and Africa were rated by a group of European evaluators on a perceived physical strength. The aim of this study was to assess the link between attributed physical strength, actual physical strength (grip strength) and facial morphology described by relative facial width (fWHR) the Index of Masculinity (potential effects of age, body weight and height on said variables were controlled for). The use of stimuli of different ethnic origin enabled us to test the accuracy of physical strength attributions and actual physical strength in context to the Other-race effect hypothesis. According to its wording people tend to attribute characteristics with higher accuracy to individuals, who belong to the same population, or with whom they are...

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Bejdová, Šárka. "Změny obličejové části lebky na území střední Evropy v průběhu posledních 1200 let." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-333775.

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The objective of the Dissertation was to describe, quantify and interpret to which degree the shape and size of the facial skeleton of people living in the territory of today's Czech Republic in the period from the Early Middle Ages to the present day, i.e. in the course of the approx. last 1200 years, have changed. In this time period, morphological differences between populations, changes in the sexual dimorphism, modularity and allometry of the facial skeleton were examined. The evaluation was based on CT-images of skulls from three historical populations, specifically from the Early Middle Ages, High Middle Ages and the early modern period. The current population was represented by CT-images of living people. We studied the facial skeletons of a total of 329 individuals, of which 183 were men and 146 women. The CT- images were used as a base for the creation of virtual 3D surface models. The facial skeleton was divided into three morphological units, which were further examined. These were the skeleton of the upper face, lower jaw and palate. The statistical processing was carried out applying methods of geometric morphometrics allowing the separate studying of the shape and size variability of the examined units. When comparing the size and shape differences between studied populations it is...

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Lee, Yu-Ting, and 李宇庭. "A facile strategy to modulate the solubility and solid-state morphology of D-A conjugated copolymers." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z45992.

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碩士
國立交通大學
應用化學系分子科學碩博士班
103
Recently, the developments of some well-performed copolymers have been limited. Because the straight backbone facilitates strong intermolecular interactions which leads to poor solubility. Such as alternating benzodithiophene and difluorobenzothiadiazole copolymer (BDT-FBT).In addition, the modification of the alkyl chain also can't improve the solubility. As a result, we develop a facile copolymerization strategy to optimize the molecular properties and solid-state morphologies of D-A copolymers. Besides, the copolymerization strategy can adjust solubility by modifying the bender of the copolymer’s backbone. In this research, we focus on the bender’s type, the site of copolymer BDT-FBT, the impact of solubility and the solid-state morphology. We synthesize PBF-TF, PBFB-T, PBFB-Bz and PBFB-TEH polymers by using -T, -Bz, and -TEH as bender. PBF-TF polymer has excellent light-absorbing properties and solid-state arrangements but the solubility is poor. PBFB-T polymer has sufficient solubility and the PCE of solar cell is 1.94%, Voc = 0.84 V; The large curvature of the polymer backbone in PBFB-Bz enhances solubility but severely reduces the solid-state arrangement. PBFB-TEH polymer has not only good solubility but also regular solid-state arrangement. As a result, the PCE of solar cell is 2.73%, Voc = 0.86 V.

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Stoklosa, Michelle Lee. "Evaluation of controls on carbonate platform morphology, facies and diagenetic variability : an oligocene example from Southeast Spain /." 2002. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.

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Desrosiers, Marc. "Morphologie et dynamique sédimentaire à l'avant-côte et sur la partie interne de la plate-forme continentale de la mer de Beaufort, Territoires du Nord-Ouest /." 1998. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=737023861&sid=15&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Chassé, Véronique. "Analyse de la morphologie buccofaciale et des voies aériennes supérieures chez des porteurs de prothèses complètes souffrant des troubles du sommeil." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20727.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Facial Morphology'

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