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Journal articles on the topic 'Facial muscle movements'

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1

Vajtay, Thomas J., Akhil Bandi, Aman Upadhyay, et al. "Optogenetic and transcriptomic interrogation of enhanced muscle function in the paralyzed mouse whisker pad." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 4 (2019): 1491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00837.2018.

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The functional state of denervated muscle is a critical factor in the ability to restore movement after injury- or disease-related paralysis. Here we used peripheral optogenetic stimulation and transcriptome profiling in the mouse whisker system to investigate the time course of changes in neuromuscular function following complete unilateral facial nerve transection. While most skeletal muscles rapidly lose functionality after lower motor neuron denervation, optogenetic muscle stimulation of the paralyzed whisker pad revealed sustained increases in the sensitivity, velocity, and amplitude of w
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Tsai, Tina I., Julia Dlugaiczyk, Stanislav Bardins, Doreen Huppert, Thomas Brandt, and Max Wuehr. "Physiological oculo-auricular-facial-mandibular synkinesis elicited in humans by gaze deviations." Journal of Neurophysiology 127, no. 4 (2022): 984–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00199.2021.

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Healthy humans exhibit different combinations of nonpathological, synkinetic gaze-associated movements with aural, facial, and/or masticatory muscles during different types of voluntary and reflexive horizontal eye movements. The manifestations of these collective phenomena are strongest during large-scale horizontal saccades and accompanied by a detectable horizontal chin movement. Auricular muscle activations occur equally on both sides, whereas the activation of facial and masticatory muscles is predominantly ipsilateral (in regard to gaze direction).
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Schumann, Nikolaus P., Kevin Bongers, Hans C. Scholle, and Orlando Guntinas-Lichius. "Atlas of voluntary facial muscle activation: Visualization of surface electromyographic activities of facial muscles during mimic exercises." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0254932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254932.

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Complex facial muscle movements are essential for many motoric and emotional functions. Facial muscles are unique in the musculoskeletal system as they are interwoven, so that the contraction of one muscle influences the contractility characteristic of other mimic muscles. The facial muscles act more as a whole than as single facial muscle movements. The standard for clinical and psychosocial experiments to detect these complex interactions is surface electromyography (sEMG). What is missing, is an atlas showing which facial muscles are activated during specific tasks. Based on high-resolution
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4

Tamee, Kreangsak, Khomyuth Chaiwong, Kriengsak Yothapakdee, and Preecha P. Yupapin. "Muscle Sensor Model Using Small Scale Optical Device for Pattern Recognitions." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/346047.

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A new sensor system for measuring contraction and relaxation of muscles by using a PANDA ring resonator is proposed. The small scale optical device is designed and configured to perform the coupling effects between the changes in optical device phase shift and human facial muscle movement, which can be used to form the relationship between optical phase shift and muscle movement. By using the Optiwave and MATLAB programs, the results obtained have shown that the measurement of the contraction and relaxation of muscles can be obtained after the muscle movements, in which the unique pattern of i
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Martha, Anastasia Putu, Herdianty Kusuma Handari, and Retno Widaningrum. "Facial Muscle Strength and Recovery in Bell’s Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Insight." Majalah Ilmiah Fisioterapi Indonesia 13, no. 1 (2025): 80. https://doi.org/10.24843/mifi.2025.v13.i01.p15.

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Introduction: Bell’s palsy causes unilateral facial weakness due to seventh cranial nerve damage, affecting motor function and impairing basic movements such as smiling, closing the eyes, and lip movement. This condition reduces the quality of life, making facial muscle strengthening essential for improving function and rehabilitation outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed facial muscle strength using Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) and facial function using the House-Brackmann (HB) scale. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records (2017–2024) and analyzed from June t
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Zhang, Jianhang, Shucheng Huang, Jingting Li, Yan Wang, Zizhao Dong, and Su-Jing Wang. "A Perifacial EMG Acquisition System for Facial-Muscle-Movement Recognition." Sensors 23, no. 21 (2023): 8758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218758.

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This paper proposes a portable wireless transmission system for the multi-channel acquisition of surface electromyography (EMG) signals. Because EMG signals have great application value in psychotherapy and human–computer interaction, this system is designed to acquire reliable, real-time facial-muscle-movement signals. Electrodes placed on the surface of a facial-muscle source can inhibit facial-muscle movement due to weight, size, etc., and we propose to solve this problem by placing the electrodes at the periphery of the face to acquire the signals. The multi-channel approach allows this sy
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Pradel, Robin, Charles Savoldelli, Olina Rios, Philippe Kestemont, and Barbara Lerhe. "Facial Painting and 3D Stereophotogrammetric Analysis of Facial Dynamics: A Reliable Anatomical Educational Method." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 8 (2024): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082304.

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(1) Background: Accurate knowledge of the dynamic anatomy of facial muscles is crucial for the use of functional and aesthetic botulinum toxin injections. We studied the reliability and relevance of facial painting as a pedagogic tool for the dynamic anatomy of facial muscles. (2) Methods: Different facial expressions were performed by a female model after a professional makeup artist applied makeup to the various facial muscles on her left hemiface. A 3D photograph was taken at the beginning and end of each movement using the VECTRA H2 Imaging System device. Cutaneous movements were visualize
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8

Denlinger, Rachel L., Jessie M. VanSwearingen, Jeffrey F. Cohn, and Karen L. Schmidt. "Puckering and Blowing Facial Expressions in People With Facial Movement Disorders." Physical Therapy 88, no. 8 (2008): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20070269.

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Background and Purpose People with facial movement disorders are instructed to perform various facial movements as part of their physical therapy rehabilitation. A difference in the movement of the orbicularis oris muscle has been demonstrated among people without facial nerve impairments when instructed to “pucker your lips” and to “blow, as if blowing out a candle.” The objective of this study was to determine whether the within-subject difference between “pucker your lips” and “blow, as if blowing out a candle” found in people without facial nerve impairments is present in people with facia
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9

Das, Arun, Jeffrey Mock, Yufei Huang, Edward Golob, and Peyman Najafirad. "Interpretable Self-Supervised Facial Micro-Expression Learning to Predict Cognitive State and Neurological Disorders." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 1 (2021): 818–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i1.16164.

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Human behavior is the confluence of output from voluntary and involuntary motor systems. The neural activities that mediate behavior, from individual cells to distributed networks, are in a state of constant flux. Artificial intelligence (AI) research over the past decade shows that behavior, in the form of facial muscle activity, can reveal information about fleeting voluntary and involuntary motor system activity related to emotion, pain, and deception. However, the AI algorithms often lack an explanation for their decisions, and learning meaningful representations requires large datasets la
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Mostowfi, Sara, and Jung Hyup Kim. "Analyzing Driver’s Facial Muscle Movements on a Highway." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (2022): 1377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661488.

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Driving could be affected by various external variables such as traffic congestion, roadside infrastructure, and in-cabin situations. Although those factors might influence a driver’s cognitive behavior, not many studies have been done to understand drivers’ emotional changes corresponding to the external driving factors. To address this research gap, the current study aimed to analyze and compare what facial expressions drivers made when they drove straight, exited/entered or near the shoulder of a highway. The human-inthe-loop (HTIL) simulation experiment was conducted, and drivers’ facial m
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11

Rüschenschmidt, Hanna, Gerd Fabian Volk, Christoph Anders, and Orlando Guntinas-Lichius. "Electromyography of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Ear Muscles in Healthy Probands and Patients with Unilateral Postparalytic Facial Synkinesis." Diagnostics 12, no. 1 (2022): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010121.

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There are currently no data on the electromyography (EMG) of all intrinsic and extrinsic ear muscles. The aim of this work was to develop a standardized protocol for a reliable surface EMG examination of all nine ear muscles in twelve healthy participants. The protocol was then applied in seven patients with unilateral postparalytic facial synkinesis. Based on anatomic preparations of all ear muscles on two cadavers, hot spots for the needle EMG of each individual muscle were defined. Needle and surface EMG were performed in one healthy participant; facial movements could be defined for the re
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12

Akulov, M. A., V. N. Shimanskiy, V. K. Poshataev, O. R. Orlova, and V. O. Zakharov. "Experience in treating hemifacial spasm combined with facial nerve neuropathy. A clinical case report." Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery), no. 3 (March 22, 2024): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2403-07.

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Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a spontaneous paroxysmal contraction of the facial muscles caused by the presence of a neurovascular conflict between the root of the facial ner ve and the vessel of the base of the posterior cranial fossa. With prolonged duration, patients may develop facial nerve neuropathy. The aim of this article was to describe the treatment principles for patients with HFS in the presence of facial nerve neuropathy symptoms. The paper presents a clinical case of a female patient who had been experiencing HFS symptoms for a long time, accompanied by symptoms of facial nerve neuro
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13

Mahmoud, Aisha, Lauren Scott, and Brittany N. Florkiewicz. "Examining Mammalian facial behavior using Facial Action Coding Systems (FACS) and combinatorics." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0314896. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314896.

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There has been an increased interest in standardized approaches to coding facial movement in mammals. Such approaches include Facial Action Coding Systems (FACS), where individuals are trained to identify discrete facial muscle movements that combine to create a facial configuration. Some studies have utilized FACS to analyze facial signaling, recording the quantity of morphologically distinct facial signals a species can generate. However, it is unclear whether these numbers represent the total number of facial muscle movement combinations (which we refer to as facial configurations) that eac
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14

Guihard, Marina, Jean-Michel Gracies, and Marjolaine Baude. "Three-Dimensional Quantification of Facial Morphology and Movements Using a Wearable Helmet." BioMed Research International 2022 (February 23, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2774713.

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This work proposes a 3D normative database of facial ranges of motion in adults free from facial disorders. Ten facial movements were analyzed, each targeting the activity of specific muscle groups innervated by the facial nerve. The experimental protocol included a test-retest reliability positioning procedure of 25 skin markers based on clinical expertise in facial morphology. Three maximal voluntary contractions were recorded for each facial movement studied, using a 3D facial motion capture helmet. We included 53 adults free from facial disorders (26 men; age 43 ± 14 ), evaluated twice one
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15

Som, P. M., P. J. Taub, and B. N. Delman. "Revisiting the Embryology of the Facial Muscles, the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System, and the Facial Nerve." Neurographics 11, no. 3 (2021): 200–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ng.1900035.

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The facial muscles are responsible for nonverbal expression, and the manner by which these muscles function to express various emotions are reviewed. How one recognizes these various facial expressions and how individuals can alter their facial expression are discussed. The methodology for cataloging facial expressions is also presented. The embryology of the facial muscles; the facial ligaments; and the supporting superficial musculoaponeurotic system, which magnifies the muscle movements, is also reviewed as is the embryology of the facial nerve, which innervates these muscles. Also, a detai
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16

Hochreiter, Jakob, Eric Hoche, Luisa Janik, et al. "Machine-Learning-Based Detecting of Eyelid Closure and Smiling Using Surface Electromyography of Auricular Muscles in Patients with Postparalytic Facial Synkinesis: A Feasibility Study." Diagnostics 13, no. 3 (2023): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030554.

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Surface electromyography (EMG) allows reliable detection of muscle activity in all nine intrinsic and extrinsic ear muscles during facial muscle movements. The ear muscles are affected by synkinetic EMG activity in patients with postparalytic facial synkinesis (PFS). The aim of the present work was to establish a machine-learning-based algorithm to detect eyelid closure and smiling in patients with PFS by recording sEMG using surface electromyography of the auricular muscles. Sixteen patients (10 female, 6 male) with PFS were included. EMG acquisition of the anterior auricular muscle, superior
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17

Kaminski, Juliane, Bridget M. Waller, Rui Diogo, Adam Hartstone-Rose, and Anne M. Burrows. "Evolution of facial muscle anatomy in dogs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 29 (2019): 14677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820653116.

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Domestication shaped wolves into dogs and transformed both their behavior and their anatomy. Here we show that, in only 33,000 y, domestication transformed the facial muscle anatomy of dogs specifically for facial communication with humans. Based on dissections of dog and wolf heads, we show that the levator anguli oculi medialis, a muscle responsible for raising the inner eyebrow intensely, is uniformly present in dogs but not in wolves. Behavioral data, collected from dogs and wolves, show that dogs produce the eyebrow movement significantly more often and with higher intensity than wolves d
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18

Kunz, Miriam, Doris Meixner, and Stefan Lautenbacher. "Facial muscle movements encoding pain—a systematic review." PAIN 160, no. 3 (2019): 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001424.

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19

Steiner, Katharina, Marius Arnz, Gerd Fabian Volk, and Orlando Guntinas-Lichius. "Electro-Stimulation System with Artificial-Intelligence-Based Auricular-Triggered Algorithm to Support Facial Movements in Peripheral Facial Palsy: A Simulation Pilot Study." Diagnostics 14, no. 19 (2024): 2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14192158.

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Background: Facial palsy causes severe functional disorders and impairs quality of life. Disturbing challenges for patients with acute facial palsy, but also with those with chronic facial palsy with synkinesis, are the loss of the ability to smile and insufficient eyelid closure. A potential treatment for these conditions could be a closed-loop electro-stimulation system that stimulates the facial muscles on the paretic side as needed to elicit eye closure, eye blink and smile in a manner similar to the healthy side. Methods: This study focuses on the development and evaluation of such a syst
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20

Pashov, A. "Nerve conduction study in rehabilitation of patients with residuals and complications of long-standing Bell's palsy." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 27, no. 3 (2018): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2018.3.05.

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From every 100 cases of Bell’s palsy (idiopathic peripheral facial palsy) from 15 to 30 will not recover completely. Some residuals will remain, and some complications will develop. As residuals, one can name weakness of facial muscles, asymmetry of facial expressions, distortion of taste, hyperacusis, dry eye. Possible complications of long-standing Bell’s palsy (BP) are also numerous: contractures of facial muscles, pathological synkinesis, mass movements, crocodile tears, facial pains, headaches, emotional disbalance etc.
 Unresolved cases of Bell’s palsy require rehabilitation program
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21

Shepherd, S. V., M. Lanzilotto, and A. A. Ghazanfar. "Facial Muscle Coordination in Monkeys during Rhythmic Facial Expressions and Ingestive Movements." Journal of Neuroscience 32, no. 18 (2012): 6105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.6136-11.2012.

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22

Benitez-Quiroz, Carlos F., Ramprakash Srinivasan, and Aleix M. Martinez. "Facial color is an efficient mechanism to visually transmit emotion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 14 (2018): 3581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716084115.

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Facial expressions of emotion in humans are believed to be produced by contracting one’s facial muscles, generally called action units. However, the surface of the face is also innervated with a large network of blood vessels. Blood flow variations in these vessels yield visible color changes on the face. Here, we study the hypothesis that these visible facial colors allow observers to successfully transmit and visually interpret emotion even in the absence of facial muscle activation. To study this hypothesis, we address the following two questions. Are observable facial colors consistent wit
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French, Fiona, Cassandra Terry, Saif Huq, et al. "Expressive Interaction Design Using Facial Muscles as Controllers." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 6, no. 9 (2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti6090078.

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Here we describe a proof-of-concept case study focusing on the design and development of a novel computer interface that uses facial muscles to control interactivity within a virtual environment. We have developed a system comprised of skin-mounted electrodes that detect underlying muscle activity through electromyography. The signals from the electrodes are filtered and smoothed, then used as input data to an application that displays a virtual environment with a 3D animated avatar. The user’s expressions control the facial movements of the avatar, thus conveying user emotions through real-ti
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Porr, Bernd, and Lucía Muñoz Bohollo. "BCI-Walls: A robust methodology to predict if conscious EEG changes can be detected in the presence of artefacts." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (2023): e0290446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290446.

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Brain computer interfaces (BCI) depend on reliable realtime detection of conscious EEG changes for example to control a video game. However, scalp recordings are contaminated with non-stationary noise, such as facial muscle activity and eye movements. This interferes with the detection process making it potentially unreliable or even impossible. We have developed a new methodology which provides a hard and measurable criterion if conscious EEG changes can be detected in the presence of non-stationary noise by requiring the signal-to-noise ratio of a scalp recording to be greater than the SNR-w
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Qayyum, Huma, Muhammad Majid, Syed Muhammad Anwar, and Bilal Khan. "Facial Expression Recognition Using Stationary Wavelet Transform Features." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9854050.

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Humans use facial expressions to convey personal feelings. Facial expressions need to be automatically recognized to design control and interactive applications. Feature extraction in an accurate manner is one of the key steps in automatic facial expression recognition system. Current frequency domain facial expression recognition systems have not fully utilized the facial elements and muscle movements for recognition. In this paper, stationary wavelet transform is used to extract features for facial expression recognition due to its good localization characteristics, in both spectral and spat
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Pancotti, Francesco, Sonia Mele, Vincenzo Callegari, Raffaella Bivi, Francesca Saracino, and Laila Craighero. "Efficacy of Facial Exercises in Facial Expression Categorization in Schizophrenia." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070825.

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Embodied cognition theories suggest that observation of facial expression induces the same pattern of muscle activation, and that this contributes to emotion recognition. Consequently, the inability to form facial expressions would affect emotional understanding. Patients with schizophrenia show a reduced ability to express and perceive facial emotions. We assumed that a physical training specifically developed to mobilize facial muscles could improve the ability to perform facial movements, and, consequently, spontaneous mimicry and facial expression recognition. Twenty-four inpatient partici
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Dharwadkar, Raghavendrasingh, Resham Kugaji, and Surabhi Shinde. "Effect of Matrix Rhythm Therapy (MaRhyThe) on Postparotidectomy Facial Palsy." Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University 20, no. 1 (2025): 166–70. https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_184_24.

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Abstract Facial nerve paralysis following parotidectomy is a complication associated with significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. This case report explores the effect of Matrix Rhythm Therapy (MaRhyThe) as an adjunctive treatment for postparotidectomy facial palsy, a condition often managed with conventional physiotherapy approaches. A 38-year-old male with left-sided facial palsy secondary to Warthin’s tumor underwent MaRhyThe sessions once a week for 3 weeks in addition to conventional physiotherapy exercises. Pre- and posttreatment assessments included House–Brackmann Scale gra
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28

Felício, João Carlos Martins. "The Intervention of Physiotherapy in the improvement of facial mimicry in a Peripheral Facial Palsy associated with a Preg-nancy: A Case Report." Brazilian Journal of Case Reports 4, no. 1 (2023): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52600/2763-583x.bjcr.2024.4.1.28-35.

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Peripheral Facial Palsy is a peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve that results in muscle weakness on one side of the face. Patients develop unilateral facial paralysis within one to three days with involvement of the facial musculature associated or not with neurological alterations, the best-known being Bell's Palsy. Symptoms usually peak in the first week and then gradually subside over three weeks to three months. In this context, a female patient with the clinical Diagnosis of Peripheral Facial Paralysis, was subjected to an intervention plan in Physiotherapy lasting 4 months (sessions
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Kreutz-Rodrigues, Lucas, Elena Millesi, Carrie E. Robertson, et al. "Unveiling Novel Surgical Treatments for Facial Synkinesis: Myectomy of the Posterior Belly of Digastric and Stylohyoid Muscle." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 13, no. 4 (2025): e6677. https://doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000006677.

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Summary: Facial synkinesis manifests as involuntary muscle movements alongside volitional facial actions and is typically managed with a combination of neuromuscular retraining, botulinum toxin injections, and in some cases, selective neurectomy. Some patients with synkinesis describe persistent neck tightness or pain at the level of the mandibular angle and horizontally towards the midline, similar to the anatomic course of the posterior belly of digastric (PBD) and stylohyoid muscles. There are limited studies exploring the involvement of the PBD and stylohyoid muscles in facial synkinesis a
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Havalı, Cengiz, Dilek Damla Saymazlar, and Zeynep Öztürk. "Rarely Seen Poland–Moebius Syndrome: A Comprehensive View with Perspective of Pediatric Neurology." Journal of Pediatric Neurology 18, no. 03 (2019): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1691779.

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Background Moebius syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a unilateral or bilateral congenital facial weakness with impairment of ocular movements. Poland syndrome is an occasional disease defined as the unilateral absence of pectoralis major muscle and ipsilateral syndactyly. As to, Poland–Moebius syndrome is a rare condition which consists of assembly components of Poland and Moebius syndromes. Patients and Methods Patient 1 is a 12-year-old male patient referred for evaluation of difficulties in eye movements to the hospital. On admission, facial, abducens, trochlear, and o
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Bugeme, Marcellin, Yacouba Kaba, Franck Shongo Omanjelo, et al. "Three first cases of Meige syndrome in Central Africa." Advances in General Practice of Medicine 4, no. 1 (2022): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/agpm.2022.01.005.

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Meige syndrome (MS) is a rare type of focal dystonia characterized by unintentional bilateral activity in facial and mandibular muscles in combination with blepharospasm (spasm in the orbicular muscle). Often unknown cause, MS can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary (to medications or brain degenerative pathologies). Its treatment is based in most cases on botulinum toxin injections, not available in our environment. Nevertheless, clonazepam treatment has allowed us to improve the symptoms of our patients. We report MS in three patients, all with no particular history of consulting for involu
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Muraru, Aurel. "The Role of Facial Expressions in the Art of Musical Conducting." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 66, no. 2 (2021): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2021.2.17.

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"Facial expressions can be regarded as an accurate reflection of the inner emotions people manifest towards the surrounding reality, filtered through their own emotional „strainer”. The source of these feelings lies not only in external influences, but also in a man's own thoughts, experiences, level of education and culture, as well as the degree of development of their own volitional and emotional capacities, in which muscle movements are merely just a simple mechanical means of rendering. The entire array of facial expressions acts as a unitary system which does nothing but complete the mov
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BUZZO, Lăcrămioara. "Reeducation of specific speech articulation disorders caused by orofacial muscle imbalance with the help of myofunctional speech therapy." Revista Română de Terapia Tulburărilor de Limbaj şi Comunicare IX, no. 1 (2023): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26744/rrttlc.2023.9.1.03.

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Phonetic disorders are errors of articulation and resonance of phonemes, which, in the presence or absence of organic changes in the phonoarticulatory organs, persist beyond the acquisition of perceptual and articulatory skills. For the correct production of each vowel/consonant, the structures of the articulatory apparatus come into contact in a variable way, following finely coordinated movements, and adopt a certain position to allow the correct emission of the sound. Orofacial muscle imbalances and disorders are disorders of the muscles and functions of the face and mouth. These can direct
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Labruna, Ludovica, Claudia Tischler, Christian Cazares, et al. "Planning face, hand, and leg movements: anatomical constraints on preparatory inhibition." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 5 (2019): 1609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00711.2018.

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Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the motor cortex, are reduced during the preparatory period in delayed response tasks. In this study we examined how MEP suppression varies as a function of the anatomical organization of the motor cortex. MEPs were recorded from a left index muscle while participants prepared a hand or leg movement in experiment 1 or prepared an eye or mouth movement in experiment 2. In this manner, we assessed if the level of MEP suppression in a hand muscle varied as a function of the anatomical distance between the ago
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Park, Seho, Kunyoung Lee, Jae-A. Lim, et al. "Differences in Facial Expressions between Spontaneous and Posed Smiles: Automated Method by Action Units and Three-Dimensional Facial Landmarks." Sensors 20, no. 4 (2020): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041199.

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Research on emotion recognition from facial expressions has found evidence of different muscle movements between genuine and posed smiles. To further confirm discrete movement intensities of each facial segment, we explored differences in facial expressions between spontaneous and posed smiles with three-dimensional facial landmarks. Advanced machine analysis was adopted to measure changes in the dynamics of 68 segmented facial regions. A total of 57 normal adults (19 men, 38 women) who displayed adequate posed and spontaneous facial expressions for happiness were included in the analyses. The
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De Stefani, Elisa, Anna Barbot, Chiara Bertolini, et al. "A New Neurorehabilitative Postsurgery Intervention for Facial Palsy Based on Smile Observation and Hand-Mouth Motor Synergies." Neural Plasticity 2021 (March 24, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8890541.

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Objective. To perform a preliminary test of a new rehabilitation treatment (FIT-SAT), based on mirror mechanisms, for gracile muscles after smile surgery. Method. A pre- and postsurgery longitudinal design was adopted to study the efficacy of FIT-SAT. Four patients with bilateral facial nerve paralysis (Moebius syndrome) were included. They underwent two surgeries with free muscle transfers, one year apart from each other. The side of the face first operated on was rehabilitated with the traditional treatment, while the second side was rehabilitated with FIT-SAT. The FIT-SAT treatment includes
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Naik, Ganesh R., Dinesh K. Kumar, Sridhar P. Arjunan, and Marimuthu Palaniswami. "INDEPENDENT COMPONENT APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF HAND GESTURE sEMG AND FACIAL sEMG." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 20, no. 02 (2008): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237208000647.

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Independent component analysis algorithm, a recently developed multivariate statistical data analysis technique, has been successfully used for signal extraction in the field of biomedical and statistical signal processing. This paper reviews the concept of ICA and demonstrates its usefulness and limitations in the context of surface electromyogram related to hand movements and facial muscles. In the first experiment, ICA has been used to separate the electrical activity from different hand gestures. The second part of our study considers separating electrical activity from facial muscles. In
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Wehrle, Thomas, Susanne Kaiser, Susanne Schmidt, and Klaus R. Scherer. "Studying the dynamics of emotional expression using synthesized facial muscle movements." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78, no. 1 (2000): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.105.

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Horta, Ricardo, Ricardo Nascimento, Ana Gerós, Paulo Aguiar, Alvaro Silva, and José Amarante. "A Novel System for Assessing Facial Muscle Movements: The Facegram 3D." Surgical Innovation 25, no. 1 (2018): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1553350617753227.

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Leal-Campanario, Rocío, José Alberto Barradas-Bribiescas, José M. Delgado-García, and Agnès Gruart. "Relative contributions of eyelid and eye-retraction motor systems to reflex and classically conditioned blink responses in the rabbit." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 4 (2004): 1541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01027.2003.

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Early compensatory mechanisms between eyelid and eye-retraction motor systems following selective nerve and/or muscle lesions were studied in behaving rabbits. Reflex and conditioned eyelid responses were recorded in 1) controls and following 2) facial nerve section, 3) retractor bulbi muscle removal, and 4) facial nerve section and retractor bulbi muscle removal. Animals were classically conditioned with a delay paradigm by using a tone (350 ms, 600 Hz, 90 dB) as conditioned stimulus, followed 250 ms later by an air puff (100 ms, 3 kg/cm2) as unconditioned stimulus. Conditioned eyelid respons
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Siregar, Henrianto Karolus, Wanto Sinaga, Khairunnisa Batubara, Ivana Aprilia Pehopu, and Fendy Yesayas. "Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques Reduces Anxiety in Fracture Recovery Patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital." Media Keperawatan Indonesia 5, no. 2 (2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.5.2.2022.131-138.

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Fracture is a disorder of the musculoskeletal system caused by damage to bone tissue. The progressive muscle relaxation technique is a deep muscle therapy that does not require imagination, persistence, and even suggestion that can be used by stretching and then relaxing the muscles. Progressive muscle relaxation techniques can help a person relax more when experiencing anxiety. The study aimed to identify the effect of progressive muscle relaxation techniques on anxiety in fracture recovery patients of research is a quantitative descriptive study with quasi-experimental research with a two-gr
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Pirmansah, Imam Ainudin, Ahmad Zaid Rahman, and Dhimas Adi Satria. "Optimizing the Representation of Facial Muscle Anatomy in 3D Animation Expressions." SINTA Journal (Science, Technology, and Agricultural) 5, no. 1 (2024): 73–82. https://doi.org/10.37638/sinta.5.1.73-82.

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This research aims to optimize the representation of facial muscle anatomy in 3D animated expressions by using a hybrid approach that combines blendshape and joint-based rigging techniques as well as an advanced control system. Blendshape is used to capture fine details and nuances of facial expressions, while joint-based rigging provides additional flexibility for broader, more dynamic movements. The implemented control system allows precise and interactive manipulation of various facial expressions, resulting in more realistic and natural facial deformations. The research methodology include
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Henares, A., M. Vicente-Ruiz, and B. Hontanilla. "Masseteric nerve vs. hypoglossal nerve: choice of donor nerve in the reanimation of short-term facial palsy." ANALES RANM 140, no. 140(03) (2023): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.32440/ar.2023.140.03.rev07.

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A number of techniques have been developed to repair the aesthetic and functional defects in patients affected by facial paralysis. The choice of technique in the dynamic rehabilitation of the smile is influenced by factors such as the patient’s age, facial phenotype, time of evolution or the surgeon’s preferences, among others. When a nerve transfer or the neurotization of a muscle transplant are performed, the dilemma arises of selecting the ideal donor nerve. The hypoglossal and masseteric nerves are usually used for this type of procedure. Although the hypoglossal nerve can achieve effecti
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Fu, Shi, Pawel Polak, Susan Fiore, et al. "Digital Image Speckle Correlation (DISC): Facial Muscle Tracking for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders." Diagnostics 15, no. 13 (2025): 1574. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15131574.

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Background/Objectives: Quantitative assessments of facial muscle function and cognitive responses can enhance the clinic evaluations in neuromuscular disorders such as Bell’s palsy and psychiatric conditions including anxiety and depression. This study explored the application of Digital Image Speckle Correlation (DISC) in detecting enervation of facial musculature and assessing reaction times in response to visual stimuli. Methods: A consistent video recording setup was used to capture facial movements of human subjects in response to visual stimuli from a calibrated database. The DISC method
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Bour, L. J., M. Aramideh, and B. W. Ongerboer De Visser. "Neurophysiological Aspects of Eye and Eyelid Movements During Blinking in Humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 1 (2000): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.1.166.

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The neural relationships between eyelid movements and eye movements during spontaneous, voluntary, and reflex blinking in a group of healthy subjects were examined. Electromyographic (EMG) recording of the orbicularis oculi (OO) muscles was performed using surface electrodes. Concurrently, horizontal and vertical eye positions were recorded by means of the double magnetic induction (DMI) ring method. In addition, movement of the upper eyelid was measured by a specially designed search coil, placed on the upper eyelid. The reflex blink was elicited electrically by supraorbital nerve stimulation
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Verma, Dhruv, Sejal Bhalla, Dhruv Sahnan, Jainendra Shukla, and Aman Parnami. "ExpressEar." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 3 (2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3478085.

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Continuous and unobtrusive monitoring of facial expressions holds tremendous potential to enable compelling applications in a multitude of domains ranging from healthcare and education to interactive systems. Traditional, vision-based facial expression recognition (FER) methods, however, are vulnerable to external factors like occlusion and lighting, while also raising privacy concerns coupled with the impractical requirement of positioning the camera in front of the user at all times. To bridge this gap, we propose ExpressEar, a novel FER system that repurposes commercial earables augmented w
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Zhang, Liangjun. "Animation Expression Control Based on Facial Region Division." Scientific Programming 2022 (May 12, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5800099.

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Science and technology are developing rapidly in the twenty-first century. With the development of information technology, computers play a great role in people’s life. At present, with people’s increasing love for animation, exquisite and realistic animation has become people’s pursuit goal. Generally speaking, the most impressive thing in animation is the animation character expression. Nowadays, with the rapid development of science, it is necessary to develop a computer technology that can be used in animation expression control technology. The facial division is just met by computer techn
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Garcia, Felipe, José Jair Alves Mendes Junior, Melissa La Banca Freitas, and Sergio Luiz Stevan Jr. "Wearable Device for EMG and EOG acquisition." Journal of Applied Instrumentation and Control 6, no. 1 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3895/jaic.v6n1.8676.

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This article presents a wearable device capable of acquiring both facial EMG and EOG biopotentials. The circuit developed has amplification and filtering stages that eliminate higher frequency noises and low frequency biopotentials to use a band of frequency for acquisition of contractions from Frontalis muscle above the eyebrow and ocular movements on the vertical and horizontal axis. The output signal has an adjustment of gain and an offset that permits the application in embedded systems and digitally processing to eliminate 60 Hz noises. The wearable device is a mask with five electrodes a
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Wipperman, Matthew F., Galen Pogoncheff, Katrina F. Mateo, et al. "A pilot study of the Earable device to measure facial muscle and eye movement tasks among healthy volunteers." PLOS Digital Health 1, no. 6 (2022): e0000061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000061.

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The Earable device is a behind-the-ear wearable originally developed to measure cognitive function. Since Earable measures electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and electrooculography (EOG), it may also have the potential to objectively quantify facial muscle and eye movement activities relevant in the assessment of neuromuscular disorders. As an initial step to developing a digital assessment in neuromuscular disorders, a pilot study was conducted to determine whether the Earable device could be utilized to objectively measure facial muscle and eye movements intended to be rep
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van Lieshout, Pascal, Arpita Bose, and Aravind Namasivayam. "Physiological effects of an 8-week mechanically aided resistance facial exercise program." International Journal of Orofacial Myology 28, no. 01 (2002): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2002.28.1.4.

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This paper describes a study that for the first time addresses the physiological effects of an 8-week mechanically aided facial exercise program, using the Facial-Flex device (Facial Concepts, Inc., Blue Bell, PA) with four healthy individuals with no motor, speech, language, or hearing problems. For a variety of non-speech and speech tasks, upper and lower lip muscle activity (EMG) and upper and lower lip movements were recorded at two baseline sessions (separated by 1 week) and immediately after an 8-week training period. The results indicate that after the training period, all four subjects
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