Relevant bibliographies by topics / Facies (Geology) Facies (Geology) Geology, Stratigraphic Geology Geology

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Facies (Geology) Facies (Geology) Geology, Stratigraphic Geology Geology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Facies (Geology) Facies (Geology) Geology, Stratigraphic Geology Geology"

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Gao, Dengliang. "3D seismic volume visualization and interpretation: An integrated workflow with case studies." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 1 (2009): W1—W12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3002915.

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One of the major problems in subsurface seismic exploration is the uncertainty (nonuniqueness) in geologic interpretation because of the complexity of subsurface geology and the limited dimension of the data available. Case studies from worldwide exploration projects indicate that an integrated, three-dimensional (3D) seismic volume visualization and interpretation workflow contributes to resolving the problem by mining and exposing critical geologic information from within seismic data volumes. Following 3D seismic data acquisition and processing, the interpretation workflow consists of four integrated phases from data selection and conditioning, to structure and facies characterization, to prospect evaluation and generation, to well-bore planning. In the data selection and conditioning phase, the most favored and frequently used data are the full-angle, limited-angle, and limited-azimuth stack amplitude with significant structure and facies enhancements. Signal-to-noise ratio, color scheme, dynamic range, bit resolution, and visual contrast all affect thevisibility of features of interest. In the structure and facies characterization phase, vertical slicing along arbitrary traverses demonstrates structure styles, stratigraphic architecture, and reservoir geometry in the cross-sectional view. Time/depth slicing defines lateral and vertical variability in the structural trend and areal extent in the map view. Stratal slicing and fault slicing map chronostratigraphic seismic facies and cross-stratal, along-fault seismic signature. Volume flattening and structure restoration aid in unraveling paleostructural framework and stratigraphic architecture and their growth histories. In the prospect evaluation and generation phase, a combination of volume trimming, co-rendering, transparency, attribute analysis, and attribute-body detection is instrumental in delineating volumetric extent and evaluating spatial connectivity of critical seismic features. Finally, in the well-bore planning phase, informed decision-making relies on the integration of all the information and knowledge interrogated from 3D seismic data. Most importantly, interpreters’ geologic insight and play concept are crucial to optimal well-bore planning with high geologic potential and low economic risk.
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Cross, Timothy, and Yohan Kusumanegara. "Stratigraphic Controls on Petrophysical Attributes and Fluid-Flow Pathways in an Exhumed Fluvial Reservoir." Mountain Geologist 54, no. 3 (2017): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.54.3.129.

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Fluvial, floodplain and lake strata of the Green River Formation (Eocene) occur within an exhumed oil reservoir exposed in a quarry near Sunnyside, Utah. Strata in the quarry highwalls define three, asymmetrical, 15- to 20-m thick, base-level-rise genetic sequences arranged in a long-term base-level-rise (landward stepping) stacking pattern. Variable intensity of oil stain on rock surfaces is a qualitative measure of pore volumes, as all permeable facies are fully saturated with oil. Visual estimates of oil-stain intensity, combined with petrophysical measurements and petrographic analysis of the different facies, were used to define fluid-flow compartments and their boundaries. Strata and facies that functioned as fluid-flow conduits, retardants and barriers were mapped on photomosaics of the quarry highwall. Three separate fluid-flow compartments coincide with the three genetic sequences. Amalgamated fluvial sandstones at the base of each genetic sequence functioned as flow units of varying permeability and degree of interconnectedness. Laterally continuous floodplain and/or lacustrine mudstones, which cap each genetic sequence, entirely lack oil in matrix porosity and functioned as fluid-flow barriers and compartment boundaries. Petrophysical properties of specific sedimentary facies are sensitive to stratigraphic position at three spatial scales, even though the sedimentary facies appear nearly identical. At the long-term scale, porosity and permeability of the same facies (trough cross-stratified sandstone is the most common) in channel sandstones of the three genetic sequences decrease in stratigraphic succession. Within each genetic sequence, porosity and permeability are highest at the base and decrease quasilinearly to the top. Using oil-stain intensity as a proxy, porosity and permeability generally decrease from base to top of each scour-based channel macroform. Petrophysical variations coincide with subtle variations in grain size and trough cross-stratification set thickness within otherwise indistinguishable sedimentary facies. These results demonstrate that conventional crossplots of porosity/permeability versus sedimentary facies are unnecessarily broad and imprecise. When such petrophysical data are plotted in a stratigraphic context, porosity and permeability values have significantly reduced scatter. Porosity and permeability measurements and predictions of each sedimentary facies should be made from a stratigraphic perspective. From our observations of variations in intensity of oil stain, homogeneity of fluid flow may not be equated directly with facies homogeneity. At one extreme of an apparent continuum, fluid-flow pathways are tortuous and extremely variable within homogeneous, high permeability, amalgamated channel sandstones. Sweep efficiencies may be low in these cases. At an intermediate position in the continuum, increased diversity of sedimentary facies and stratigraphic variability usually cause sufficient stratigraphic separation of permeable and impermeable strata such that fluid-flow pathways are more confined and have a reduced tortuosity. Sweep efficiencies may be high in these cases. At the other extreme of the continuum, where diversity of sedimentary facies and stratigraphic variability is very high, stratigraphic units are discontinuous and restricted in area. In such cases, fluid-flow pathways are not laterally connected, and sweep efficiencies would be low.
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Vacek, František, Jindřich Hladil, and Petr Schnabl. "Stratigraphic correlation potential of magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray spectrometric variations in calciturbiditic facies (Silurian-Devonian boundary, Prague Synclinorium, Czech Republic)." Geologica Carpathica 61, no. 4 (2010): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-010-0015-2.

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Stratigraphic correlation potential of magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray spectrometric variations in calciturbiditic facies (Silurian-Devonian boundary, Prague Synclinorium, Czech Republic)Magnetic susceptibility (MS) and gamma-ray spectrometry (GRS) stratigraphy were used for correlation and characterization of eight Silurian-Devonian (S-D) sections in the Prague Synclinorium (Czech Republic). They represent two different facies developments: lower subtidal to upper slope deposits and slope-to-basin-floor distal calciturbidites. Sections from relatively shallow- and deep-water sections are easy to compare and correlate separately, although the detailed relationship between these two facies is still not entirely clear and correlations between the two settings are difficult. This may be due to sharp facies transitions and presence of stratigraphic gaps. The MS and GRS stratigraphic variations combined with sedimentologic data have been also used for reconstruction of the evolution of the sedimentary environment. The beds close above the S-D boundary show noticeably enhanced MS magnitudes but weak natural gamma-ray emissions. It may correspond to an increased amount of terrigenous magnetic material occurring with short-term shallowing (sedimentological evidence). In deep-water sections the uppermost Silurian is characterized by high MS and GRS values. It corresponds to a supply of recycled sediment to the lower wedge which occurred during the late Pridoli regression phase. The basal Devonian beds correspond to gradual deepening, but the overlying sequences reflect other shallowing episodes which are expressed in increasing MS and gamma ray activity of rocks. The MS and GRS fluctuations are interpreted as a result of local subsidence of the sea bottom along synsedimentary growth-faults and/or a biotic event rather than of eustatic sea-level changes.
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Munsterman, D. K., R. M. C. H. Verreussel, H. F. Mijnlieff, N. Witmans, S. Kerstholt-Boegehold, and O. A. Abbink. "Revision and update of the Callovian-Ryazanian Stratigraphic Nomenclature in the northern Dutch offshore, i.e. Central Graben Subgroup and Scruff Group." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 91, no. 4 (2012): 555–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001677460000038x.

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AbstractExploration in a mature basin requires a detailed classification and standardisation of rock stratigraphy to adequately comprehend the depositional history and prospect architecture. The pre-Quaternary Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Netherlands compiled by Van Adrichem Boogaert & Kouwe in 1993 provided a consistent framework for use by the Dutch geological community. Over the past twenty years, new biostratigraphic techniques and continued exploration in the Netherlands have provided additional stratigraphic information. Based on this information the Late Jurassic lithostratigraphy in particular, shows significant inaccuracies. The Callovian-Ryazanian strata from the northern offshore of the Netherlands' territorial waters, termed the Central Graben Subgroup and Scruff Group, reveal a complex sedimentary history. The combination of non-marine to shallow marine lateral facies changes, repetitive log and facies characteristics in time, sea-level and climate change, salt tectonics and structural compartmentalisation hamper straightforward seismic interpretation and log correlation. Recognition of three genetic sequences by Abbink et al. in 2006 enabled an improved reconstruction of the geological history. Further improvements in refinement and reliability of the stratigraphy together with new information on the facies and ages of the successions and about the subsequent tectonostratigraphic development of the northern Dutch offshore area form the basis of the present revision. As a result, earlier lithostratigraphic models have been changed and new lithostratigraphic relationships and names are introduced in this paper.
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Isla, Manuel F., Ernesto Schwarz, Gonzalo D. Veiga, Jerónimo J. Zuazo, and Mariano N. Remirez. "Discriminating intra-parasequence stratigraphic units from two-dimensional quantitative parameters." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 8 (2021): 887–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.203.

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ABSTRACT The intra-parasequence scale is still relatively unexplored territory in high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. The analysis of internal genetic units of parasequences has commonly been simplified to the definition of bedsets. Such simplification is insufficient to cover the complexity involved in the building of individual parasequences. Different types of intra-parasequence units have been previously identified and characterized in successive wave-dominated shoreface–shelf parasequences in the Lower Cretaceous Pilmatué Member of the Agrio Formation in central Neuquén Basin. Sedimentary and stratigraphic attributes such as the number of intra-parasequence units, their thickness, the proportions of facies associations in the regressive interval, the lateral extent of bounding surfaces, the degree of deepening recorded across these boundaries, and the type and lateral extent of associated transgressive deposits are quantitatively analyzed in this paper. Based on the analysis of these quantified attributes, three different scales of genetic units in parasequences are identified. 1) Bedset complexes are 10–40 m thick, basin to upper-shoreface successions, bounded by 5 to 16 km-long surfaces with a degree of deepening of one to three facies belts. These stratigraphic units represent the highest hierarchy of intra-parasequence stratigraphic units, and the vertical stacking of two or three of them typically forms an individual parasequence. 2) Bedsets are 2–20 m thick, offshore to upper-shoreface successions, bounded by up to 10 km long surfaces with a degree of deepening of zero to one facies belt. Two or three bedsets stack vertically build a bedset complex. 3) Sub-bedsets are 0.5–5 m thick, offshore transition to upper-shoreface successions, bounded by 0.5 to 2 km long surfaces with a degree of deepening of zero to one facies belt. Two or three sub-bedsets commonly stack to form bedsets. The proposed methodology indicates that the combination of thickness with the proportion of facies associations in the regressive interval of stratigraphic units can be used to discriminate between bedsets and sub-bedsets, whereas for higher ranks (bedsets and bedset complexes) the degree of deepening, lateral extent of bounding surfaces, and the characteristics of associated shell-bed deposits become more effective. Finally, the results for the Pilmatué Member are compared with other ancient and Holocene examples to improve understanding of the high-frequency evolution of wave-dominated shoreface–shelf systems.
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Di, Haibin, Cen Li, Stewart Smith, Zhun Li, and Aria Abubakar. "Imposing interpretational constraints on a seismic interpretation convolutional neural network." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 3 (2021): IM63—IM71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0449.1.

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With the expanding size of 3D seismic data, manual seismic interpretation becomes time-consuming and labor-intensive. For automating this process, recent progress in machine learning, in particular the convolutional neural network (CNN), has been introduced into the seismic community and successfully implemented for interpreting seismic structural and stratigraphic features. In principle, such automation aims at mimicking the intelligence of experienced seismic interpreters to annotate subsurface geology accurately and efficiently. However, most of the implementations and applications are relatively simple in their CNN architectures, which primary rely on the seismic amplitude but undesirably fail to fully use the preknown geologic knowledge and/or solid interpretational rules of an experienced interpreter who works on the same task. We have developed a generally applicable framework for integrating a seismic interpretation CNN with such commonly used knowledge and rules as constraints. Three example use cases, including relative geologic time-guided facies analysis, layer-customized fault detection, and fault-oriented stratigraphy mapping, are provided for illustrating how one or more constraints can be technically imposed and demonstrating what added values such a constrained CNN can bring. It is concluded that the imposition of interpretational constraints is capable of improving CNN-assisted seismic interpretation and better assisting the tasks of subsurface mapping and modeling.
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Rigueti, Ariely L., Patrick Führ Dal' Bó, Leonardo Borghi, and Marcelo Mendes. "Bioclastic accumulation in a lake rift basin: The Early Cretaceous coquinas of the Sergipe–Alagoas Basin, Brazil." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 2 (2020): 228–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.11.

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ABSTRACT Coquinas constitute widespread deposits in lacustrine, estuarine, and shallow marine settings, where they are a valuable source of information on environmental conditions. Thick coquina successions were deposited in a series of lacustrine rift basins that formed along the Brazilian Continental Margin during the early stages of the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean, in the Early Cretaceous. In the Sergipe–Alagoas Basin, the coquina sequence, equivalent to the Morro do Chaves Formation, crops out in the Atol Quarry, and is considered a relevant analog for the economically important hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Pre-salt strata (Barremian to Aptian) of the Campos Basin (Pampo, Badejo, and Linguado oil fields), which occur only in the subsurface. The aim of this study is to generate a depositional and stratigraphic model through facies and stratigraphic analyses of a well core. These analyses allowed the geological characterization of the Morro do Chaves Formation and of its transition to the adjacent stratigraphic units, the Coqueiro Seco Formation above and the Penedo Formation below, contributing to the growing knowledge of sedimentation in rift basins and exploratory models in hydrocarbon-producing reservoirs. Facies analysis consists of sedimentological, taphonomic, and stratigraphic features of the rocks. Fourteen depositional facies were recognized, stacked into low-frequency and high-frequency, deepening-upward and shallowing-upward cycles driven by the interaction between climate and tectonism. A depositional model is presented, based on the correlation between well-core and outcrop data described in previous studies, providing insights into the spatial distribution of facies. The detailed analysis of facies and stacking patterns sheds light on depositional processes, paleoenvironmental conditions, and the evolution of the system through time, so we may better understand analogous deposits in the geological record.
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Wolpert, Philipp J., and Michael C. Poppelreiter. "Borehole-image-log characterization of deltaic deposits from a behind-outcrop well: Opportunities and limitations." Journal of Sedimentary Research 89, no. 12 (2019): 1207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2019.59.

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ABSTRACT Borehole imaging (BHI) is a fast and precise method for collecting subsurface data. Rock calibration may reduce uncertainties inherent in interpretations of BHI logs. However, only few data sets are published that link borehole image facies to core and outcrop facies of deltaic successions. The objective of this paper is to compare and contrast sedimentologic features as seen in BHI, core, and outcrop, using a structured and hierarchical workflow. The research will provide a global framework for the interpretation of borehole images in similar environments. A shallow, behind outcrop, research well (“Mondot-1”) drilled in NW Spain, penetrated a 185.50 m (TVD) thick section of the deltaic Sobrarbe Formation. A Formation MicroImager (FMI) borehole image log and a comprehensive well log suite was acquired in the fully cored well. The Eocene Sobrarbe Formation consists mostly of siliciclastic and some carbonate facies. Rapid vertical and lateral facies changes over a few tens of meters are observed in outcrops of the Sobrarbe Formation. The cored part of the formation is composed of argillaceous sandstone and carbonate with few diagnostic sedimentary features that can be used to constrain a conceptual depositional model. To provide a sedimentologically sound interpretation of this FMI log, we focused on layers showing diagnostic sedimentary features. Subsequently, facies associations and stratigraphic sequences were interpreted. Each facies association contained sedimentologic tie points that anchored the interpretation with diagnostic features such as slumps. This paper suggests interpreting BHI false-color images of deltaic successions using conceptual geologic constraints such as 1) depositional tie points, 2) genetically related facies associations, and 3) a hierarchical stratigraphic framework, to establish meaningful conceptual depositional models.
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Wolpert, Philipp J., and Michael C. Poppelreiter. "Borehole-image-log characterization of deltaic deposits from a behind-outcrop well: Opportunities and limitations." Journal of Sedimentary Research 89, no. 12 (2019): 1207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2019.75.

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ABSTRACT Borehole imaging (BHI) is a fast and precise method for collecting subsurface data. Rock calibration may reduce uncertainties inherent in interpretations of BHI logs. However, only few data sets are published that link borehole image facies to core and outcrop facies of deltaic successions. The objective of this paper is to compare and contrast sedimentologic features as seen in BHI, core, and outcrop, using a structured and hierarchical workflow. The research will provide a global framework for the interpretation of borehole images in similar environments. A shallow, behind outcrop, research well (“Mondot-1”) drilled in NW Spain, penetrated a 185.50 m (TVD) thick section of the deltaic Sobrarbe Formation. A Formation MicroImager (FMI) borehole image log and a comprehensive well log suite was acquired in the fully cored well. The Eocene Sobrarbe Formation consists mostly of siliciclastic and some carbonate facies. Rapid vertical and lateral facies changes over a few tens of meters are observed in outcrops of the Sobrarbe Formation. The cored part of the formation is composed of argillaceous sandstone and carbonate with few diagnostic sedimentary features that can be used to constrain a conceptual depositional model. To provide a sedimentologically sound interpretation of this FMI log, we focused on layers showing diagnostic sedimentary features. Subsequently, facies associations and stratigraphic sequences were interpreted. Each facies association contained sedimentologic tie points that anchored the interpretation with diagnostic features such as slumps. This paper suggests interpreting BHI false-color images of deltaic successions using conceptual geologic constraints such as 1) depositional tie points, 2) genetically related facies associations, and 3) a hierarchical stratigraphic framework, to establish meaningful conceptual depositional models.
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COOPER, MARK R., VALENTIN R. TROLL, and KIRSTIN LEMON. "The ‘Clay-with-Flints’ deposit in Northern Ireland: reassessment of the evidence for an early Paleocene ignimbrite." Geological Magazine 155, no. 8 (2017): 1811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756817000760.

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AbstractReassessment of key geological sections, field relationships and petrographical characteristics of the Northern Ireland ‘Clay-with-Flints’ and ‘Donald's Hill Ignimbrite Formation’ show they formed dominantly by sedimentary processes. The involvement of a previously postulated pyroclastic flow during early Paleocene time is not recognized and, as such, the Donald's Hill Ignimbrite Formation stratigraphic term is discounted. Instead a multistage model of formation by sedimentary accumulation and remobilization is presented and the term Clay-with-Flints is retained. Regionally, two dominant facies are recognized in most Clay-with-Flints sections. Facies 1 was formed by an initial accumulation of flints on a chalk landscape undergoing karstification, and involved deposition of a clay matrix derived predominantly from contemporaneous erosion of subtropical soil horizons formed mainly on basalt. In Facies 2, evidence is observed for widespread remobilization of Facies 1 deposits by high-density mudflows driven by the advancement of the Antrim Lava Group, which caused the blockage of subsurface and marginalization of surface drainage. A stratigraphical constraint imposed by the presence of a supposed ignimbrite in this part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province has been problematic, but this is resolved by its identification as a diachronous, sedimentary deposit that formed until buried by either the lower or upper formations of the Antrim Lava Group.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Facies (Geology) Facies (Geology) Geology, Stratigraphic Geology Geology"

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Lichtblau, Andreas. "Stratigraphy and facies at the south margin of the Archean Noranda Caldera." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1989. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Moukhsil, Abdelali. "Géochimie, pétrologie structurale et mode de mise en place du pluton de Father, zone volcanique nord, sous-province de l'Abitibi, Canada /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Martin, Keithan. "Integrating depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy in characterizing carbonate reservoirs: Mississippian limestone, western Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20478.

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Master of Science<br>Geology<br>Matthew W. Totten<br>The Mississippian-aged St. Louis Limestone of Western Kansas is a carbonate resource play that has been producing oil, gas, and natural gas liquids (NGL) for over 50 years. The Mississippian Limestone is made up of heterogeneous limestones with interbedded layers of porous and non-porous units, abrupt facies changes, and diagenetic alterations. These factors combine to characterize the St. Louis Limestone's internal complexity, which complicates hydrocarbon exploration. This study focuses on improving the understanding of the geometry, distribution, and continuity of depositional facies within Kearny County, Kansas. Petrophysical analysis of a suite of geophysical logs integrated with core provided the basis for establishing facies successions, determining vertical stacking patterns within a sequence stratigraphic framework, and correlating areas of high porosity with a respective facies. The following depositional facies were identified; 1) porous ooid grainstone, 2) highly-cemented ooid grainstone, 3) quartz-carbonate grainstone, 4) peloidal grainstone, 5) micritic mudstone, and the 6) skeletal wackestone/packstone. The porous ooid grainstone is the chief reservoir facies, with log-derived porosity measurements between four and eighteen percent. In areas without available core, depositional facies were predicted and modeled using a neural network analysis tool (Kipling2.xla). Values derived from the evaluated core intervals and their respective geophysical logs served as the framework for the neural network model. This study illustrates the advantages of correlating depositional facies with reservoir quality and correlating those specific facies to geophysical logs, ultimately to create a greater understanding of the reservoir quality and potential within the St. Louis Limestone of western Kansas.
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Xu, Jingqi. "Facies and sequence stratigraphic analyses of the Upper Ordovician shales in northeast Indiana and northwest Ohio." Thesis, Indiana University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10142334.

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<p> The Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Group equivalent strata in Indiana and Ohio were part of a westward-thinning shale-dominant succession. Large amounts of fine-grained siliciclastics were shed from the eastern highlands during the Taconic Orogeny. </p><p> The detailed lithofacies analysis of the Upper Ordovician shales has yielded recognition of a series of genetically related sequences in a seemingly homogenous succession. The lower succession is pyritic laminated/banded organic-rich mudstone that accumulated after the onset of a major flooding event. Cryptobioturbation, bottom current ripples, graded silt/clay couplets and well preserved benthic fossils indicate an oxygen-depleted dysoxic condition. In addition, layers enriched in phosphatic fossils, phosphate and pyritic grains appear to mark flooding surfaces and sediment starvation. The maximum organic-matter enrichment mainly occurred within black homogenized mudstone in the middle succession. Upsection, more extensive bioturbation and carbonate production are observed. The intermittent yet frequent wave and current activity, suggested by cross-lamination, wavy-lenticular stratification and hummocky cross stratification, indicate a shallower and proximal settings with enhanced sediment influx. </p><p> The deposition of the Upper Ordovician shales in the Maquoketa Group reflects a complex interplay between storms, sediment supply, and eustatic sea-level changes. Nonetheless, with distinct characteristics of lithofacies, wireline logs, and organic carbon isotope data, a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework of the Upper Ordovician shales can be compiled for the study area. The whole studied interval comprises an entire 3rd order sequence, wherein the lower part appears to be a transgressive systems tract and the remaining overlying strata represent a highstand systems tract. This project is an example how integration of sedimentological observations, geophysical data, petrographical and geochemical data enable a better understanding of the accumulation of this mudstone succession in a regional sequence stratigraphic context.</p>
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Klute, Margaret Anne. "Sedimentology, sandstone petrofacies, and tectonic setting of the Late Mesozoic Bisbee Basin, southeastern Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185723.

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The Late Mesozoic Bisbee basin of southeastern Arizona was an intracratonic back-arc rift basin. Extension was coupled with seafloor spreading in the Gulf of Mexico and back-arc extension behind a magmatic arc along the convergent Pacific continental margin. Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the basin occurred in three phases. Initial mid-Jurassic rifting of the basin, marked by eruption of the Canelo Hills Volcanics, may have been complicated by sinistral strike-slip motion along the Mojave-Sonora megashear. During continued rifting, from latest Jurassic to Early Cretaceous time, the Glance Conglomerate was deposited by alluvial fans and braided streams in grabens, half-grabens, and caldera-related depressions; locally interbedded volcanic rocks represent waning rift-related back-arc magmatism. The upper Bisbee Group was deposited during Early to earliest Late Cretaceous passive thermotectonic subsidence. The Bisbee Group and correlative strata occur in most mountain ranges in southeastern Arizona, and are subdivided into southeastern, northwestern, northern, and western facies. Southeastern facies were deposited in alluvial fan, meandering fluvial, estuarine, marginal marine and subtidal shelf environments as a transgressive-regressive sequence including a marine interval that was continuous with Gulf Coast assemblages during Aptian-Albian marine transgression. Northern facies were deposited in alluvial fan and braided stream environments along the northern rift shoulder of the basin. Southeastern and northern facies sandstones are dominantly quartzose, and were derived mainly from cratonic sources to the north. Subordinate volcaniclastic sandstones in the southeastern facies become more abundant to the west, proximal to eroding Jurassic and Cretaceous volcanic arcs. Basal northwestern facies arkosic strata deposited in alluvial fan, braided stream and lacustrine environments were derived from local basement uplifts, and were ponded in a northwestern depocenter by rift-related topography. A thin estuarine interval within overlying dominantly fluvial facies indicates integration of regional drainage networks by the time of maximum transgression. Transition upward to quartzose sandstone compositions reflects wearing down of local basement uplifts and increasing abundance of craton-derived sediment in the northwestern part of the basin. Western facies alluvial fan, braided stream and lacustrine intramontane deposits are composed of locally-derived arkose and lithic arkose.
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Dalton, Edward. "Sedimentary facies and diagenesis of the Lower Devonian Temiscouata and Fortin Formations, Northern Appalachians, Quebec and New Brunswick." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63856.

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Davis, Laurence H. M. "Allostratigraphic interpretation of a modern coarse clastic barrier complex : depositional facies, processes and relative sea level relationships /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,60897.

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Hill, Robert E. (Robert Einar). "Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Middle Proterozoic Waterton and Altyn Formations, Belt-Purcell Supergroup, southwest Alberta." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63330.

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Khodabakhsh, Saeed. "Pleistocene Laurentide Ice Sheet drainage into the Labrador Sea : sedimentary facies, depositional mechanisms, stratigraphy and significance of Heinrich events." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42067.

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On the basis of sedimentary structures and textures, six depositional facies have been identified in Labrador Slope, Rise and Basin cores. They include: (1) turbid-surface plume sediments (facies P; plumites) comprising 4% of the total length of the slope cores; (2) hemipelagic sediments (facies HI and H) with and without ice-rafted debris (IRD) (48% and 20% on the slope/rise and basin centre, respectively); (3) nepheloid-layer deposits (facies N; 9% on the slope); (4) contourites (facies C; 4% on the slope); (5) turbidite facies (30% on the slope and $>$40% on the levees of the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel, NAMOC) with three subfacies: thin-bedded silt and mud turbidites (T); turbidites with laminae of IRD (TI), and sand turbidites (MS); and (6) debris-flow facies (10% on the slope) with four subfacies: gravelly (D1), sandy silt (D2), thin bedded (D3) and sandy gravelly debris-flow deposits (D4).<br>Facies P occurs on high-relief slope sections, deposited by buoyantly rising meltwater plumes entrained by the south-flowing Labrador Current. The high relief was caused by retrograde canyon erosion after deposition. Facies N is best developed and thickest on the slope and upper rise. It was deposited when sediment-laden meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet with high concentrations of suspended sediment spread out in mid-water or along the bottom. Facies T occurs on the levees of the NAMOC and its tributaries. It originated from the remobilization of detrital carbonate-rich sediments on the slope south of the Hudson Strait. Extensive sand turbidites occur on a braided floodplain east of NAMOC. Deposition of sand turbidites by high-density turbidity currents, probably of sheet-flow type, resulted from bedload-rich meltwater discharges on the low-relief slope sector off the Hudson Strait. They may have been caused by subglacial-lake outburst flooding, which might be linked to Heinrich events. Facies C occurs on the lower slope to upper rise. Facies H is present in all parts of the basin but most abundant on the slope; together with facies T, it is the major facies in the intercanyon regions. Facies D is found mainly on low-relief slope sectors, in front and north of major glacier outlets. Debris-flow tongues in the slope canyons merge downslope forming an extensive stacked megadebris-flow deposit on the floodplain west of NAMOC. Facies D makes up $>$75% of the sediment thickness in the western floodplain cores.<br>Four types of Heinrich layers (HL) were identified. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Cassle, Christopher F. "Petrographic Analyses of Late Pennsylvanian Limestones within the Northern Appalachian Basin, USA." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1121435271.

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Books on the topic "Facies (Geology) Facies (Geology) Geology, Stratigraphic Geology Geology"

1

Oschmann, Wolfgang. Faziesentwicklung und Provinzialismus in Nordfrankreich und Südengland zur Zeit des obersten Jura (Oberkimmeridge-Portland). F. Pfeil, 1985.

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Zubrzycki, Adam. Analiza facjalna i rozwój pułapek litologicznych w utworach miocenu autochtonicznego zapadliska przedkarpackiego między Rzeszowem a Pilznem. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1986.

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B, Edwards Marc, and Hansen, T. A. (Tor Arne), eds. Neoproterozoic glacial and associated facies in the Tanafjord-Varangerfjord area, Finnmark, north Norway. The Geological Society of America, 2012.

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Rice, A. H. N. Neoproterozoic glacial and associated facies in the Tanafjord-Varangerfjord area, Finnmark, north Norway. The Geological Society of America, 2012.

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Qing Zang Gaoyuan ji lin qu Gangwana xiang di ceng di zhi xue. Di zhi chu ban she, 1997.

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Horsthemke, Ewald. Fazies der Karoosedimente in der Huab-Region, Damaraland, NW-Namibia. Im Selbstverlag der Geologischen Institute der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 1992.

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Eiríksson, Jón. Facies analysis of the Breidavík Group sediments on Tjörnes, north Iceland. Iceland Museum of Natural History, 1985.

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Herrmann, Regina. Entwicklung einer oberjurassischen Karbonatplattform: Biofazies, Riffe und Sedimentologie im Oxfordium der Zentralen Dobrogea (Ost-Rumänien). Fachbereich Geowissenschaften. FU Berlin, 1996.

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Reuter, Anselm. Analyse eines regradierenden Deltas im Mittel-Devon des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges. Im Selbstverlag der Geologischen Institute der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 1993.

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Armstrong, Augustus K. Facies, diagenesis, and mineralogy of the Jurassic Todilto Limestone Member, Grants uranium district, New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Facies (Geology) Facies (Geology) Geology, Stratigraphic Geology Geology"

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Sarkar, Subir, and Santanu Banerjee. "Facies, Paleogeography and Sequence Stratigraphy." In Springer Geology. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9551-3_2.

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Dimuccio, Luca Antonio, Luís Vítor Duarte, and Lúcio Cunha. "Facies and Stratigraphic Controls of the Palaeokarst Affecting the Lower Jurassic Coimbra Group, Western Central Portugal." In Springer Geology. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04364-7_148.

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Wilmsen, Markus, Marisa Storm, Franz Theodor Fürsich, and Mahmoud Reza Majidifard. "Integrated Stratigraphy and Facies Analysis of the Upper Albian–Turonian (Cretaceous) Debarsu Formation (Yazd Block, Central Iran)." In Springer Geology. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04364-7_120.

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Niebuhr, Birgit, Nadine Richardt, and Markus Wilmsen. "Cenomanian–Turonian (Early Late Cretaceous) Facies Development and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Danubian Cretaceous Group (Bavaria, Southern Germany)." In Springer Geology. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04364-7_107.

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Wilmsen, Markus, and Emad Nagm. "Integrated Stratigraphy (Bio- and Sequence Stratigraphy) and Facies Analysis of the Upper Cenomanian–Turonian (Lower Upper Cretaceous) in the Eastern Desert, Egypt." In Springer Geology. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04364-7_119.

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AL-Ghamdi, Nasser, and Mike Pope. "High-Resolution Stratigraphic Architectures, Facies Anatomies of the Lower Cretaceous Biyadh and Shu’aiba Formations, and Their Implications on Platform Evolution and Global Correlation." In Regional Geology Reviews. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21874-4_1.

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Pacht, Jory A., Bruce Bowen, Bernard L. Shaffer, and William R. Pottorf. "Systems Tracts, Seismic Facies, and Attribute Analysis Within a Sequence-Stratigraphic Framework—Example from the Offshore Louisiana Gulf Coast." In Frontiers in Sedimentary Geology. Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0160-9_2.

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De Castro, Joel Carneiro. "Facies, Reservoirs and Stratigraphic Framework of the Mossoró Member (Latest Cenomanian-Earliest Turonian) in Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil: An Example of a Tide and Wave Dominated Delta." In Frontiers in Sedimentary Geology. Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0160-9_8.

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Sarmiento-Rojas, Luis Fernando. "Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Paleo-Facies Maps of Northwestern South America." In Geology and Tectonics of Northwestern South America. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76132-9_10.

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Brancolini, Giuliano, Alan K. Cooper, and Franco Coren. "Seismic Facies and Glacial History in the Western Ross Sea (Antarctica)." In Geology and Seismic Stratigraphy of the Antarctic Margin. American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ar068p0209.

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Conference papers on the topic "Facies (Geology) Facies (Geology) Geology, Stratigraphic Geology Geology"

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Sharp, I. R., J. C. Embry, D. W. Hunt, et al. "Sequence Stratigraphic, Facies & Reservoir Framework for the Bangestan Group, Lurestan, Zagros Mountains, Iran." In Second Arabian Plate Geology Workshop 2010. EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145342.

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Ye, Q., K. D. Kelsch, D. Angstadt, K. Sukhdarshan, and R. Corley. "Sequence-stratigraphic Framework and Depositional Facies Interpretations in Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Section in Saudi Arabia/Kuwait Partitioned Zone (PZ)." In Fourth Arabian Plate Geology Workshop. EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20142789.

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Lubeseder, S., J. Kuss, and M. Zahran. "Mid Cretaceous Stratigraphy, Facies and Carbon-Isotope Curves of Northwest-Qatar." In Second Arabian Plate Geology Workshop 2010. EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145348.

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Immenhauser, A. "The Albian Sedimentary Record of Southeast Arabia - Facies, Sequence Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments." In Second Arabian Plate Geology Workshop 2010. EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145630.

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Gaillot, Jérémie, A. Virgone, B. Caline, and G. Frébourg and F. Gisquet. "The Khuff Formation in the Middle East: New Insight into Regional Stratigraphy and Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction using Bio-assemblages and Facies Analysis." In Third Arabian Plate Geology Workshop. EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144045.

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Neog, N., N. S. Rao, A. Al. Darmi, M. Y. M. Al.Dousiri, T. De Keyser, and C. G. S. C. Kendall. "Complex Carbonate Evaporite Reservoir Description Using Isotope Geo-chemistry and Ichno-facies to Fine-tune a High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphic Framework Model of Marrat Reservoirs." In Fifth EAGE Arabian Plate Geology Workshop 2015. EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201411945.

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Mutti, E., and R. Tinterri. "Facies and Processes of Turbidite Systems." In EAGE Conference on Geology and Petroleum Geology of the Mediterranean and Circum-Mediterranean Basins. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406005.

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Khan, D. A., R. Husain, and A. A. Sajer and M.M. Al-Ajmi. "Khuff Formation in Kuwait: Depositional Facies and Diagenetic Control on Reservoir Characterization." In Third Arabian Plate Geology Workshop. EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144066.

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Ali Kavoosi, M., M. R. Naiji, A. Mahmoudi, and M. Nazarian and A.M. Jamali. "Reservoir Facies Controlling Factors in the Upper Permian Dalan Formation, Southwest Iran." In Third Arabian Plate Geology Workshop. EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144082.

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Bertozzi, G., W. Paltrinieri, D. Di Biase, A. Artoni, and E. Mutti. "Integration of Outcrop, Core and Wireline-Log Facies Analysis for Reservoir." In EAGE Conference on Geology and Petroleum Geology of the Mediterranean and Circum-Mediterranean Basins. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406056.

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Reports on the topic "Facies (Geology) Facies (Geology) Geology, Stratigraphic Geology Geology"

1

Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.

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Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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Hickson, C. J., J. B. Mahoney, and P. Read. Geology of Big Bar map area, British Columbia: facies distribution in the Jackass Mountain Group. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/193632.

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Evenchick, C. A., P. S. Mustard, J. S. Porter, and C. J. Greig. Regional Jurassic and Cretaceous facies assemblages, and structural geology in Bowser Lake map area [104A], B.C. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/183861.

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Mountjoy, E. W., and S. E. Grasby. Geology of the Footwall of the Blackman Thrust and Facies Variations in Middle Miette Group, southern Selwyn Range, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132512.

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