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Journal articles on the topic 'Facies sedimentology'
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1
Maryanto, Sigit, Dian Hari Saputra, Sonia Rinjani, and M. Luthfi Faturrakhman. "Sedimentologi Batugamping Formasi Jayapura di Sepanjang Lintasan Dewarebru, Mamei-Waibron, Jayapura." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 21, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v21i2.506.
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The Pleistocene of the Jayapura Formation limestones well cropped out at Dewarebru Section, Mamey-Waybron, Jayapura Regency. Detailed descriptions of rock outcrops and petrography analysis of selected limestone samples is used to find out the limestone sedimentology characters. This Jayapura limestone was divided onto four limestone facies, including lithoclastic rudstone, bioclastic packstone, bioclastic grainstone and bioclastic wackesone rock facies. The rocks was deposited in a fore slope talus forming submarine alluvial fan, furthermore the rocks was deposited in a local slope on the back reef environment.Keywords: Limestone, petrography, stratigraphy, sedimentology, Jayapura
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Wang, Jiao, and Zhi Gao Li. "Lacustrine Facies Sedimentary Characteristics of Guantao Formation in Zhanhua Sag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 1337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1337.
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Comprehensive analysis by sedimentology,with the exercitation of sedimentology theory,developed the old sedimentary viewpoint.Research considered that braid river deltainfilling shallow lake developed in the lower segment of Guantao formation,and meandering river shallow water lake deltaoxidizing shallow water lake developed in the upper segment of Guantao formation.Lacustrine depositional model is extensive to apply in exploration activity.
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Firdaus, uhammad. "Limestone Sedimentology of The Lengkong Formation at Neglasari District, Sukabumi-West Java, Based on Outcrop and Petrography." Indonesian Association of Geologists Journal 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51835/iagij.2021.1.2.36.
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Research about Oligo-Miocene limestones in Java has always been interesting to study in order to understand the relationship between tectonic-volcanic, sedimentation, and petroleum potential. The Lengkong limestone formation is interesting to study especially its sedimentology aspects. There is no Scientific Publication about the Lengkong Formation which discusses detailed sedimentology aspects. Those aspects are important to modify the geological map, scale of 1: 50000 which was published by the ministry of energy and mineral resources. This research was conducted to determine the sedimentology process and development of a depositional environment of the Lengkong formation in the Cimapag River. The research area is located in Neglasari, Lengkong District, Sukabumi. The method used includes field surveys and laboratory analysis. A field survey embodies sedimentology data collection and rock sampling, which was then made into a detailed stratigraphic column. Rock samples were analyzed petrographically for 12 samples to determine microfacies. The results cover three limestone facies, namely wackestone, wackestone-packstone, and packstone facies. The sedimentation of the Lengkong Formation indicates a sea-level decrease of the Interbuild Basin Floor to Deep Marine Off reef
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Liu, Wei Fu, Shuang Long Liu, and Hong Ying Han. "Depositional Model and Development Significance of Clastic Reservoir." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 1245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1245.
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A general geologic sedimentation model for reservoir is made by carefully analyzing the inberent essence of depositional environmentand for clastic rocks of lake basin. The basic model in the streaming environment is composed of two basic facies units: one is the waterway facie and the other is non-waterway facie. The principal characteristics of developing geology and sedimentology have been outlined. It can be commonly used in developing under-producted reserves and raising recovery ratio in the highly developed oil fields.
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Xiao, Bin, Jun Li, and Yu Hua Fan. "Analysis of Sedimentary Facies Model - The Cretaceous Bottom Conglomerate of Xinjiang Junggar Basinludong Area as an Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 1289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1289.
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This paper aims to Cretaceous bottom conglomerate facies of Xinjiang Ludong area of China research to elucidate the deposition pattern analysis phase, as well as the use of methods. Methods first take logging combined with tectonic pattern and sedimentary background, division comparing in Ludong area of Cretaceous basal conglomerate unit. Secondly, the application of modern sedimentology theory, method, system analysis of lithologic characteristics of this area and sedimentary structure feature. According to the logging facies analysis, summarized the various sedimentary facies marks, distinguishing different sedimentary types, ultimately determine the sedimentary facies.
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Duan, Ru Tai, Zhen Kui Jin, and Chong Hui Suo. "Impact of 3D Seismic Technologies on Sedimentology Study." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 1041–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.1041.
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Progress of 3D seismic technologies has played a vital role in the developments of sedimentology in terms of analytical methodology and concepts. High-density and high-resolution 3D seismic data can be used to reconstruct 3D views of sedimentary paleo-evironment by direct imaging of depositional elements and can also be used to analyze sedimentary paleo-evironment evolution in 3D detail by mapping facies variability at a specific geologic time by slicing though it. And such data connected with well logging data can be used for predictions of rock properties distribution to delineate sedimentologic heterogeneity. High resolution of 3D seismic data mapping can also be used to image the geometry of diagenesis front to a resolution of a few meters over thousands of square kilometers, which is a new approach to the study of diagenesis process in basin scale. The potential for future developments in this field is considerable. Relative methods and examples of such Studies on the aspects mentioned above are presented.
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Li, Xiao Song, Yong Yuan, Jin Liang Zhang, and Xin Lv. "Seismic Sedimentology of Changling Gas Field, Northeast China." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.608.
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Sedimentary facies plane features of Changling No.1 gas field is analyzed with multiattribute analysis. In Changling area, the signal to noise ratio of the seismic data is low and the sand body distribution in lateral lithologic reservoir changes fast. In this condition, research of seismic sedimentology is launched. Through the seismic stratigraphic classification, the target stratum, Denglouku group is divided into four sand groups. On the basis of the calibration of synthetic seismograms and interpretation of horizon, accurate corresponding relation between the seismic reflection and geological horizon is established. By means of multiple attribute extraction technology, relatively independent attributes related to oil and gas are selected, and afterwards the analysis of the petrophysical characteristics and the optimization of the seismic attribute are achieved. Finally, through the seismic attributes analysis technology and the horizon slice technology, combined with the result of sedimentary facies analysis, the favorable areas of gas accumulation are predicted.
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Munro-Stasiuk, Mandy J. "Evidence for water storage and drainage at the base of the Laurentide ice sheet, south-central Alberta, Canada." Annals of Glaciology 28 (1999): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821607.
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AbstractGlaciogenic sediment up to 70 m thick is exposed in preglacial valley fills in south-central Alberta. The two youngest facies are comprised of glaciolacustrine sediments overlain by a subglacial till. Conformable relationships with the till and topographic relationships support a subglacial origin for the lake sediments. As these facies are restricted to the preglacial valley system, it is suggested that the preglacial valleys of south-central Alberta acted as natural cavities at the base of the Laurentide ice sheet. Sedimentology suggests these filled and drained often.
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Hickin, Edward J. "Fluvial facies models: a review of Canadian research." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 17, no. 2 (June 1993): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339301700207.
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Canadian river scientists made significant contributions to the early development (1960-80) of fluvial facies models, particularly to those for braided rivers. More recent Canadian studies (1980-92) have centred on understanding the facies sedimentology of anastomosed and wandering gravel-bed rivers. River planform facies models are distinctly limited as indicators of fluvial style because of: (1) spurious environmental correlations; (2) the difficulty of river planform definition; (3) differential preservation potential of facies; (4) inadequate and unsystematic field sampling; (5) flawed statistical testing; and (6) the inappropriate space scale adopted for analysis. The scale problems of facies analysis may be overcome by employing architectural element analysis in conjunction with modem geophysical methods such as shallow reflection seismology and ground-penetrating radar. Future research should focus on devising specific tests of element-scale sedimentological relationships based on the contemporary fluvial enrivonment.
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Zeng, Hongliu. "What is seismic sedimentology? A tutorial." Interpretation 6, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): SD1—SD12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0145.1.
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I have developed an alternative narrative of seismic sedimentology from a geologist’s perspective. Seismic sedimentology is a high-resolution supplement for traditional, low-resolution seismic stratigraphy, reflecting the fact that seismic responds to sedimentary bodies differently at low and high resolution. Seismic stratigraphy is a model-driven method that follows the principles of field geology and the well-based study of subsurface sedimentology, and it assumes that seismic reflections can duplicate geologic correlations. Seismic sedimentology is a more data-driven approach based on the understanding of how a seismic signal responds to thin-bedded depositional elements in the context of stratigraphy, which is a function of thickness, lithology-impedance model, wavelet phase, and frequency. Seismic sedimentology is focused on mapping seismic litho-geomorphologic facies, by joint investigation of seismic lithology and seismic geomorphology. In such an investigation, seismic lithology and seismic geomorphology are complementary, making more complete use of seismic information, and they can be more powerful in determining the sedimentary environment and reservoir quality. To reduce the knowledge gap between sedimentary geologists and seismic geophysicists, sedimentologists have to learn and master geophysical principles and techniques. To begin with, a simplified four-step workflow is recommended, which can be summarized as select-adjust-decompose-blend.
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David, Jean, and Jean Lajoie. "Sedimentology of an Archean submarine channel-fill deposit in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 1453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-123.
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The Archean La Bruère Formation, which forms part of the Timiskaming Group of the Abitibi greenstone belt of Rouyn–Noranda, comprises a conglomerate–sandstone assemblage at least 360 m thick. The upward variations in grain size and con glomerate/sandstone ratio permit subdivision of the formation into three conglomeratic and two sandy members. Member 1 is composed essentially of conglomerate; members 2 and 4 consist of stacked composite beds of conglomerate and sandstone; member 3 is a sequence of cross-bedded sandstone. The formation is capped by a turbidite sequence (member 5).Three bed types (facies) were identified in the La Bruère Formation: two are restricted to the conglomerate; the third, to the upper member. Facies A, is characterized by matrix-supported, poorly sorted gravel beds, massive or reversely graded. In facies B, generally restricted to member 4, the conglomerate is commonly clast supported and transitional with the overlying sandstone bed, forming couplets that show primary structure sequences consisting, from base to top, of (i) normally graded gravel, (ii) plane-bedded sandstone, and (iii) cross-bedded sandstone. These sequences are similar to, although coarser and thicker than, some sequences found in turbidites. Facies C, observed only in member 5, is characterized by classic turbidites.In the conglomerate members of the formation, beds of facies A show no correlation between bed thickness and maximum grain size, whereas those of facies B show a fairly good correlation. The absence of correlation could result from accumulation in a channel rather than on an alluvial fan, but it may also be due to the nature of the flows responsible for the deposit and (or) the grain availability at the source.The characteristics of the three facies suggest that the La Bruère gravel accumulated from laminar and turbulent mass flows in a subaqueous channel, below storm wavebase and therefore in a relatively deep basin.
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Zhao, Xianzheng, Fengming Jin, Lihui Liu, Yang Xiao, and Li Wang. "Improve impedance inversion by adopting seismic sedimentary-guided a priori model." Interpretation 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): T313—T322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0221.1.
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We have developed an innovative procedure for model-based seismic inversion in areas with sparse or clustered and biased well control, where lithofacies and geobodies cannot be adequately sampled in wells and correctly represented in a priori acoustic impedance (AI) models constructed with conventional kriging methods. We have applied seismic sedimentology for facies mapping before the model building process. Lithology-calibrated seismic stratal slices contain rich information for analyzing sedimentary geomorphology and dispersal patterns of depositional systems, providing independent geologic knowledge to constrain a priori models. The new information can be incorporated by directional kriging that properly addresses facies types, orientations, and facies boundary conditions. Finally, the improved a priori model can be applied in Bayesian inversion for an updated inverted AI volume. This procedure was applied in a 3D project in Saidong Depression, Erlian Basin, China, with promising results, achieving inverted AI maps with a more complete facies representation, a more reasonable sediment dispersal pattern (orientation), and clearer facies boundaries.
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Yu, Sheng Yun, Qing Yun Meng, and Hai Ying Xu. "Study of the Fluvial Facies Reservoir Sedimentary Characteristics of an Oil Field in China." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.66.
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In this paper, 6 kinds of reservoir sedimentary microfacies distribution model-conceptual model have been established by the use of reservoir sedimentology theory and methods, namely, large sandy braided river sand body sedimentary model, large meandering river sand body sedimentary model, low bending-straight distributary channel sedimentary model, crevasse splay (crevasse river) sedimentary model, heart beach sedimentary model, flood plain and distributary plain sheet sand body sedimentary model. On this basis, the sedimentary facies figures of four sedimentary units have been painted, putting forward the evolution law of sedimentary environment in the research zone, thus providing basic data for the facies control modeling.
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Reolid, Jesús, Christian Betzler, and Thomas Lüdmann. "Facies and sedimentology of a carbonate delta drift (Miocene, Maldives)." Sedimentology 66, no. 4 (April 29, 2019): 1243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sed.12575.
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Anastas, A. S., and M. Coniglio. "Sedimentology of an Early Silurian carbonate ramp: the Manitoulin Formation, southern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 2453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-212.
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The Manitoulin Formation is a pervasively dolomitized Lower Silurian carbonate unit that was deposited in the Michigan Basin and locally in the Appalachian Basin. The formation reaches a maximum thickness of 11.1 m in southern Ontario and can be subdivided into eight facies and four regionally correlatable facies assemblages. Owing to the relatively continuous transition of shallow to deeper water facies from the northern to southern portions of the study area, the Manitoulin Formation is interpreted as having formed on a carbonate ramp with a southerly component of dip. Our study suggests that the Algonquin Arch, which is transected by the outcrop belt, did not significantly influence deposition or separate the Michigan and Appalachian basins.Depending on its location on the ramp, the Manitoulin Formation shows evidence of varying degrees of episodic storm events alternating with fair-weather processes such as wave shoaling, sediment reworking, and bioturbation. Apart from bioturbation, these fair-weather processes became less prevalent to the south. The gently dipping antecedent topography, the temporary lack of frame-builders, and a shallow basin setting led to the creation of a carbonate ramp rather than a rimmed shelf.
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Bristow, C. S., and K. J. Myers. "Detailed sedimentology and gamma-ray log characteristics of a Namurian deltaic succession I: Sedimentology and facies analysis." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 41, no. 1 (1989): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.041.01.06.
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Harland, R., Anne P. Bonny, M. J. Hughes, and A. N. Morigi. "The Lower Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Ormesby Borehole, Norfolk, England." Geological Magazine 128, no. 6 (November 1991): 647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800019749.
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AbstractThe sedimentology, micropalaepntology and palynology of Lower Pleistocene sediments recovered from a borehole at Ormesby St Margaret, near Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, have been investigated. The sediments, consisting of a lower clay facies overlain by an upper predominantly sandy facies, were deposited in inner neritic environments. Micropalaeontological and palynologicalevidence allows comparisons with the nearby Ludham sequence but an unequivocal correlation cannot be made. The Ormesby Borehole sequence includes representatives of the Pre-Ludhamian to Early Pastonian stage interval and the presence of a late Pre-Ludhamian to late Baventian/Pre-Pastonian a hiatus. Foraminiferal faunas matched to grain size analysis are indicative of transportation and considerable post-mortem sorting.
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Wu, Ya Sheng, Da Kang Zhong, Nan Sheng Qiu, and Xiao Ying Zhang. "Sedimentary Facies and Evolution of early Cretaceous in the Fault Depressions, Songnan Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 1036–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.1036.
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Based on the structural geology, sedimentology, palaeontology and geochemistry, the sedimentary facies and evolution patterns are developed in Songnan area from the studies of seismic data, cores, well logs, palaeontology and geochemistry. The result indicates that nearshore subaqueous fan, fan delta, braid delta and lacustrine had been developed in the fault depressions of Songnan area. From the margin to the depocenter of the basin, the sedimentary environments gradually changed from nearshore subaqueous fan, fan delta or braid delta to shore-shallow sediments and middle depth-deep lacustrine. Two stages are divided for the sedimentary evolution of Songnan area, namely the prior stage which appears with Yixian formation developing lava facies and pyroclastic facies; the other is the detrital rock facies ,which are developed from formation Jiufotang to Fuxin, is composed of nearshore subaqueous fan, fan delta, braid delta and lacustrine. Conclusion can be made that those sedimentary facies are controlled by the depth of water variation, which changed from shallow to deep, and then to shallow. Multiple source-reservoir-cap assemblage in vertical provided favourable condition for oil and gas pool forming.
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Bosak, Tanja, Giulio Mariotti, Francis A. MacDonald, J. Taylor Perron, and Sara B. Pruss. "Microbial Sedimentology of Stromatolites in Neoproterozoic Cap Carbonates." Paleontological Society Papers 19 (October 2013): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600002680.
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Stromatolite shapes, sizes, and spacings are products of microbial processes and interactions with topography, sedimentation, and flow. Laboratory experiments and studies of modern microbial mats and sediments can help reconstruct processes that shaped some typical stromatolite forms and some atypical microbially influenced sediments from Neoproterozoic cap carbonates. Studies of modern, cohesive microbial mats indicate that microbialaminite facies in the lower Rasthof Formation (Cryogenian) formed in the presence of very low flow and were not deformed by strong waves or currents. Giant wave ripples, corrugated stromatolites, and tube-hosting stromatolites in basal Ediacaran cap carbonates record interactions between microbes, flow, and evolving bedforms. Preferential cementation in and close to the giant ripple crests is attributed to interactions between flow and local topography. These interactions pumped alkaline porewaters into ripple crests and helped nucleate elongated stromatolites. The similar textures of giant wave ripples and elongated, corrugated, and tube-hosting stromatolites suggest growth in the presence of organic-rich, rounded particles and microbial mats, and in flow regimes that permitted mat growth. These hypotheses can be tested by experiments and models that investigate lithification and the macroscopic morphology of microbial mats as a function of the flow regime, preexisting topography, redox-stratification in sediments, and delivery of organic-rich particles. The widespread microbially influenced textures in Cryogenian microbialaminites and basal Ediacaran cap dolostones record a strong reliance of carbonate deposition on the presence of organic nuclei, supporting carbonate accumulation rates comparable to those in modern reefs. Therefore, the unusual macroscopic morphologies of microbially influenced facies in Neoproterozoic cap carbonates may not reflect oceans that were greatly oversaturated with respect to carbonate minerals.
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Abu Samah, Mohamad Ezanie, Che Aziz Ali, and Kamal Roslan Mohamed. "Sedimentological And Stratigraphical Analysis Of Kaki Bukit Formation (Lower Setul Member) At Teluk Ewa, Pulau Langkawi." Bulletin Of The Geological Society Of Malaysia 72 (November 15, 2021): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm72202103.
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The identification of new units on the carbonate sequence of Teluk Ewa (from Tg. Mendidih to Teluk Ewa) has given an idea for the review of stratigraphic succession of Kaki Bukit Formation (Lower Setul Member). The analysis is related to a sedimentology study, where the sedimentary sequences formed as a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate shallow marine system that combines the carbonate and silisiclastic deposits. Eight facies have been recognised such as (1) argillite facies, (2) interlayer of mudstone and limestone facies, (3) wavy stromatolites limestone facies, (4) linear stromatolites limestone facies, (5) heterolithic of mudstone-limestone facies, (6) shale facies, (7) massive limestone facies and (8) thrombolites limestone facies. Each facies are divided into four litostratigraphic units based on the evaluation from Malaysian Stratigraphic Nomenclature Committee (1997) and North American Stratigraphic Code 2005. (1) The clastic unit referring to the uppertmost part of Machinchang Formation maintains it's name. Meanwhile, the suggested nomenclature for the new units such as (2) The Sabung Member is referring to the basal carbonate unit comprising microbial facies and mixed silisiclastic-carbonate sediment. (3) The Pesak Seluar Member in the middle is a silisiclastic unit that consists of shale facies and (4) The Ewa Member at the top representing the upper limestone unit. All units show a similar litostratigraphic characteristics that are found in Tarutao Group, Pante Malaka Formation, Rung Nok Formation and Lae Tong Formation in Thailand as described by Wongwanich et al. (1990; 2002) and Imsamut & Abdul Rahman (2017).
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Keller, Martin, Osvaldo Bordonaro, and Matilde Beresi. "The Cambrian of San Isidro, Mendoza, Argentina: Facies and sedimentology at the platform slope transition." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1993, no. 6 (June 25, 1993): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1993/1993/373.
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Cozzi, Andrea, and Hisham A. Al-Siyabi. "Sedimentology and play potential of the late Neoproterozoic Buah Carbonates of Oman." GeoArabia 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia090411.
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ABSTRACT The search for new exploration plays in Oman, and recent successes in the Ara Group, has rejuvenated the interest of Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) in the stratigraphy of the pre-Ara Group. Below the Ara Group, the late Neoproterozoic Nafun Group comprises five formations. The Buah is the youngest of these formations, and represents the most promising exploration target. Accordingly, an integrated outcrop and subsurface study was initiated to better understand the distribution of the Buah depositional facies. High-resolution chemostratigraphy and field gamma-ray surveys were used to correlate outcrop data with the PDO subsurface database. These studies resulted in the reconstruction, with an unprecedented accuracy, of the distribution of the depositional environments at Buah time throughout Oman. This study indicates that the Buah was deposited on a distally-steepened carbonate ramp, during a highstand systems tract, as a shallowing and upward-coarsening cycle. Good reservoir facies (peloidal-ooidal grainstones) are ubiquitous in the shallow-water Buah sections, making up continuous sheets for tens of kilometers. Karst and fracture development at the top of the Buah may improve the reservoir quality, as in the case of the Makarem gas field in Oman. Buah reservoirs are generally capped by the Ara salt, except on structural highs where the top seal is provided by mudstones of the middle Haima Supergroup. The Buah off-ramp basinal facies represent potential source rocks with total organic carbon values ranging from 2.5–3.5 %.
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Xing, Yuzhong, Hongjun Wang, Liangjie Zhang, Muwei Cheng, Haidong Shi, Chunqiu Guo, Pengyu Chen, and Wei Yu. "Depositional and Diagenetic Controls on Reservoir Quality of Callovian-Oxfordian Stage on the Right Bank of Amu Darya." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 6923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196923.
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Based on the detailed analysis of sedimentology, diagenesis, and petrophysics, this study characterized the Middle-Lower Jurassic Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate reservoirs of 68 key wells in the Amu Darya Basin and assessed the controlling factors on the quality of the target intervals. We identified 15 types of sedimentary facies developed in seven sedimentary environments using sedimentary facies analysis, such as evaporative platform, restricted platform, open platform, platform margin, platform fore-edge upslope, platform fore-edge downslope, and basin facies. The target intervals went through multiple diagenetic stages, including the syndiagenetic stage, early diagenetic stage, and middle diagenetic stage, all of which had a significant impact on the reservoir quality. Main diagenetic processes include dissolution and fracturing which improve the reservoir quality as well as cementation, compaction, and pressure solution that reduce the reservoir quality. By analyzing the reservoir quality, we identified nine fluid flow units and five types of reservoir facies. Among them, the dissolved grain-dominated reservoir facies is of the highest quality and is the best storage and flow body, while the microporous mud-dominated reservoir facies of platform fore-edge downslope and open marine facies is of the lowest quality and could not become the flow unit unless it was developed by fracturing.
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Stemmerik, Lars, and Peter Frykman. "Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Zechstein carbonates of southern Jylland, Denmark." Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse Serie A 26 (October 5, 1988): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/seriea.v26.7046.
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The Upper Permian Zechstein succession of southern Jylland, Denmark, is composed of a cyclic repetition of carbonate, anhydrite and salt, and includes four main carbonate units: Ca-la, Ca-lb, Ca-2 and Ca-3. The stratigraphy and log-correlation in the southern Jylland area is outlined and compared to other areas. Descriptions of facies and interpretation of depositional models for the four carbonate units are presented. The depositional system comprised a shelf with marginal sabkha evaporites and carbonates; the shelf underwent evolution from a ramp-like to a platform configuration. This evolution is seen as the result of the interplay between evaporite and carbonate sedimentation. Accumulation of sulphate evaporites during Z-1 times produced a sediment body with a platform morphology. Z-2 carbonate deposition further enhanced the platform configuration, with consequent development of a marked zonation of facies according to energy level. Later in Z-2 time the platform - basin system suffered demise as the basinal areas were filled with halite and during the remaining period of basinal history shallow water conditions prevailed throughout the area.
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Melehan, Sean, Chrysanthos Botziolis, Angelos G. Maravelis, Octavian Catuneanu, Kevin Ruming, Erin Holmes, and William J. Collins. "Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of an Upper Permian Sedimentary Succession: Northern Sydney Basin, Southeastern Australia." Geosciences 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11070273.
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This study integrates sedimentological and stratigraphic insights into the Upper Permian sedimentary rocks of the Wittingham, Tomago and Newcastle Coal Measures in the Northern Sydney Basin, Australia. Facies analysis documented fifteen facies that belong to seven facies associations. These facies associations correspond to different depositional environments and sub-environments including prodelta, delta-front, upper, lower delta-plain and fluvial. The stratigraphic development points to a shallowing upward trend and is reflected with fluvial deposits sitting on top of the deltaic deposits. The fluvio-deltaic contact is represented by an unconformity and displays an upward increase in sediment caliber. The delta front is mainly controlled by wave, storms- and/or river currents, even though the contribution of tides also occurs in the form of sedimentary structures that suggest tidal influence. In contrast, prodelta and delta-plain are significantly modulated by tidal currents. The impact of tides in the delta plain is fading away upward and therefore, the upper delta plain is much less impacted compared to the lower delta plain. The low abundance of wave ripples suggests that the wave action was not very important in the delta plain. Steep topographic gradients and increased sediment input are suggested, based on the limited or absent evidence of tides in the fluvial realm, related to the growing New England Orogen. In sequence stratigraphic terms, the deltaic system accumulated during highstand normal regression, while the deposition of the overlying fluvial system occurred during lowstand normal regression. The two systems are separated by a subaerial unconformity developed during an intervening forced regression. Short periods of transgression are inferred from the presence of higher frequency cycles in the delta-front.
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Ezeh, Sunny C., Wilfred A. Mode, Berti M. Ozumba, and Nura A. Yelwa. "Sedimentology and ichnology of Neogene Coastal Swamp deposits in the Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria." Geologos 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/logos-2016-0020.
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Abstract Often analyses of depositional environments from sparse data result in poor interpretation, especially in multipartite depositional settings such as the Niger Delta. For instance, differentiating channel sandstones, heteroliths and mudstones within proximal environments from those of distal facies is difficult if interpretations rely solely on well log signatures. Therefore, in order to achieve an effective and efficient interpretation of the depositional conditions of a given unit, integrated tools must be applied such as matching core descriptions with wireline log signature. In the present paper cores of three wells from the Coastal Swamp depositional belt of the Niger Delta are examined in order to achieve full understanding of the depositional environments. The well sections comprise cross-bedded sandstones, heteroliths (coastal and lower shoreface) and mudstones that were laid down in wave, river and tidal processes. Interpretations were made from each data set comprising gamma ray logs, described sedimentological cores showing sedimentary features and ichnological characteristics; these were integrated to define the depositional settings. Some portions from one of the well sections reveal a blocky gamma ray well log signature instead of a coarsening-upward trend that characterises a shoreface setting while in other wells the signatures for heteroliths at some sections are bell blocky in shaped rather than serrated. Besides, heteroliths and mudstones within the proximal facies and those of distal facies were difficult to distinguish solely on well log signatures. However, interpretation based on sedimentology and ichnology of cores from these facies was used to correct these inconsistencies. It follows that depositional environment interpretation (especially in multifarious depositional environments such as the Niger Delta) should ideally be made together with other raw data for accuracy and those based solely on well log signatures should be treated with caution.
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Reijers, T. J. A. "Sedimentology and diagenesis as ‘hydrocarbon exploration tools’ in the Late Permian Zechstein-2 Carbonate Member (NE Netherlands)." Geologos 18, no. 3 (November 1, 2012): 163–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10118-012-0009-x.
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Abstract Hydrocarbon exploration in The Netherlands has a chequered history from serendipitous oil shows via chance oil/ gas discoveries to finding the largest continental European oil field in 1943, followed by finding the largest gas field in the world in 1959. The present contribution traces the development of moderate to good porosity/permeability trends in depositional facies of Zechstein Stassfurt carbonates in a ‘gas play’ intermediate in significance between the above two plays but all in the northern part of The Netherlands. Various depositional facies in the Stassfurt carbonates were turned into ‘carbonate fabric units’ by diagenetic processes creating or occluding the porosity/permeability. This formed moderate to good gas reservoirs in barrier-shoal, open-marine shelf and proximal-slope carbonates in the subsurface of the province of Drenthe in the NE Netherlands. The diagenetic models forming these carbonate fabric units are linked to the variety of facies in a depositional model which shows explain and predicts the reservoir trends. Such depositional/diagenetic facies are ‘translated’ into characteristic petrophysical values recognisable on wire line logs in uncored wells, and in characteristic seismic expressions that show these trends in undrilled areas. This approach has been proven to be effective in delineating porosity trends, visualised by 3-D seismic in the Collendoornerveen field, and thus provides a new exploration ‘tool’ in hydrocarbon exploration .
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Starek, Dušan, Vladimír Šimo, Silvia Antolíková, and Tomáš Fuksi. "Turbidite sedimentology, biostratigraphy and paleoecology: A case study from the Oligocene Zuberec Fm. (Liptov Basin, Central Western Carpathians)." Geologica Carpathica 70, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geoca-2019-0016.
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Abstract Outcrops of a thick turbiditic succession are exposed on the northern bank of the Liptovská Mara reservoir near Liptovská Ondrašová and Ráztoky. The section consists of rhythmic, predominantly thin- to medium-bedded turbidites of the Rupelian age. Their biostratigraphy is based on the calcareous nannofossils. Facies associations of these deposits represent different components of depositional lobe deposits in the turbidity fan system, including mainly the lobe fringe and lobe distal fringe/inter-lobe facies associations and locally the medium bedded deposits of the lobe off-axis facies association. This interpretation is supported by statistical analysis. The deep-sea turbiditic deposits contain trace fossil associations, which include deep-tier fodinichnia and domichnia up to shallow-tier graphoglyptids. Paleocurrent measurements indicate that the majority of sedimentary material was transported from SW and W.
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Strehlau, Klaus, and Frank David. "Sedimentology and Coal Facies in the Westphalian C of the Ruhr Basin (Upper Carboniferous)." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 140, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/140/1989/231.
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Senowbari-Daryan, Baba, Jerome Chablais, and Rossana Martini. "New crustacean microcoprolites of the Upper Triassic limestones of the Sambosan Accretionary Complex, Japan." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 1 (January 2010): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-086.1.
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We report here the first crustacean microcoprolites from the Sambosan Accretionary Complex (AC) in Japan. Three species of crustacean (order Decapoda) microcoprolites -Payandea japanican. sp.,Favreina tosaensisn. sp., and a species belonging to the genusParafavreina? sp. are described from the Late Carnian to Rhaetian shallow-water limestones of the Sambosan AC, which were originated on extinct and subsiding volcanoes forming a mid-oceanic atoll-type buildup in the Panthalassan Ocean. Coprolites, which occur within a lagoonal to back-reef facies, provide new insight into the micropaleontology and sedimentology of the Sambosan limestones. Their presence in this tropical shallow-water depositional setting heightens their status of sedimentary facies indicators of such environments. Furthermore the occurrence of these Tethyan coprolites genera in Japan improves our knowledge of the distribution of Triassic crustacean decapods across the Panthalassan Ocean.
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Borka, Szabolcs. "Markov chains and entropy tests in genetic-based lithofacies analysis of deep-water clastic depositional systems." Open Geosciences 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2016-0006.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between structural elements and the so-called genetic lithofacies in a clastic deep-water depositional system. Process-sedimentology has recently been gaining importance in the characterization of these systems. This way the recognized facies attributes can be associated with the depositional processes establishing the genetic lithofacies. In this paper this approach was presented through a case study of a Tertiary deep-water sequence of the Pannonian-basin.Of course it was necessary to interpret the stratigraphy of the sequences in terms of “general” sedimentology, focusing on the structural elements. For this purpose, well-logs and standard deep-water models were applied.The cyclicity of sedimentary sequences can be easily revealed by using Markov chains. Though Markov chain analysis has broad application in mainly fluvial depositional environments, its utilization is uncommon in deep-water systems. In this context genetic lithofacies was determined and analysed by embedded Markov chains. The randomness in the presence of a lithofacies within a cycle was estimated by entropy tests (entropy after depositional, before depositional, for the whole system). Subsequently the relationships between lithofacies were revealed and a depositional model (i.e. modal cycle) was produced with 90% confidence level of stationarity. The non-randomness of the latter was tested by chi-square test.The consequences coming from the comparison of “general” sequences (composed of architectural elements), the genetic-based sequences (showing the distributions of the genetic lithofacies) and the lithofacies relationships were discussed in details. This way main depositional channel has the best, channelized lobes have good potential hydrocarbon reservoir attributes, with symmetric alternation of persistent fine-grained sandstone (Facies D) and muddy fine-grained sandstone with traction structures (Facies F)
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Ngui, Jia Qi, Abdul Hadi Abd Rahman, and Azfar Mohamed. "Sedimentology facies of the Tatau Formation, Tatau-Bintulu Road transact, Sarawak, Malaysia." Warta Geologi 45, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/wg451201902.
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Dawson, S., and D. E. Smith. "The sedimentology of Middle Holocene tsunami facies in northern Sutherland, Scotland, UK." Marine Geology 170, no. 1-2 (October 2000): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-3227(00)00066-9.
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Musso, Telma Belén, Gisela Pettinari, Manuel Pozo, Alexis Gabriel Martínez, and Rafael González. "Distribution, Sedimentology and Origin of Mineralogical Assemblages from a Continental Na-bentonite Deposit in the Cretaceous Neuquén Basin (Argentina)." Minerals 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12040467.
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Collected samples of bentonite and associated facies from the Justina deposit of Cretaceous age (Anacleto Formation) have been studied. Facies analysis, mineralogical, and geochemical studies have been carried out using several techniques, including: XRD, FTIR, DTA-TGA, microscopy (OM, SEM-EDX), and chemical analysis. The deposit occurs in a shallow, saline lacustrine environment developed over a fluvial floodplain, with a thickness between 0.21 and 0.8 m intercalated between fine-grained siliciclastic facies. Three mineral assemblages were found. In assemblage 1, the bentonite has low content of detrital minerals and the smectite is sodic. In assemblage 2, the bentonite shows the occurrence of minor analcime and mica, slightly higher detrital mineral content and the smectite is sodic to sodic-calcic. The associated detrital facies (assemblage 3) is dominated by illite and a mixed layer of illite and calcic smectite (R0), subordinately kaolinite + chlorite, and locally low-ordered smectite. As inherited minerals are found: quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, illite-mica, heavy minerals (monazite, zircon, apatite, titanomagnetite) and volcanic rock fragments (andesite, glass). Authigenic minerals are: sodium smectite, analcime, barite, celestine, gypsum, and hematite. A model for the formation of authigenic minerals is proposed, highlighting the formation of sodic smectite from the alteration of volcanic glass of trachyandesitic composition.
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Schafhauser, Armin A., Stefan A. Goetz, Rosemarie A. Baron-Szabo, and Wolfgang A. Stinnesbeck. "Depositional Environment of Coral–Rudist Associations inthe Upper Cretaceous Cardenas Formation (Central Mexico)." Geologia Croatica 56, no. 2 (2003): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2003.12.
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In the Cardenas Formation (central Mexico), a 175 m thick sedimentarysequence of Maastrichtian age was analyzed with respect to its palaeontology and sedimentology. A wide variety of lithological and palaeontological features characterize this sequence comprising unfossiliferous and fossil-bearing sand- and siltstones, and diverse rudist and coral–rudist associations in carbonate or mixed carbonate/clastic lithologies. A total of 24 rudist and coral–rudist associations are exposed in the investigated section, which are grouped into 5 limestone units. Radiolitid assemblages, coral–rudist reefs, coral-domi-nated reefs, and hippuritid-dominated reefs are present. The stacking pattern of these reef intervals indicates a general transgressive trend through the entire section. Smaller-scale facies trends could be distinguished within each limestone unit, comprising deepening-upward sequences, defined by a shoreface–calcareous algae–radiolitid–marl facies transition, and shallowing-upward sequences defined by a hippuritid–actaeonellid–coral/rudist facies transition. This cyclic sedimentation pattern is obscured by an episodic input of clastic sedimentsderived from the uplifting Sierra Madre Oriental, which in turn triggered either the development or decline of reefs.
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Ali, Syed Kamran, Hammad Tariq Janjuhah, Syed Muzyan Shahzad, George Kontakiotis, Muhammad Hussain Saleem, Usman Khan, Stergios D. Zarkogiannis, Panayota Makri, and Assimina Antonarakou. "Depositional Sedimentary Facies, Stratigraphic Control, Paleoecological Constraints, and Paleogeographic Reconstruction of Late Permian Chhidru Formation (Western Salt Range, Pakistan)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121372.
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The Upper Indus Basin, in Pakistan’s western Salt Range, is home to the Zaluch Gorge. The sedimentary rocks found in this Gorge, belonging to the Chhidru Formation, were studied in terms of sedimentology and stratigraphy, and provide new insights into the basin paleogeographic evolution from the Precambrian to the Jurassic period. Facies analysis in the Chhidru Formation deposits allowed the recognition of three lithofacies (the limestone facies—CF1, the limestone with clay interbeds facies—CF2, and the sandy limestone facies—CF3) with five microfacies types (mudstone biomicrite—MF-1, wackestone-biomicrite—MF-2, wackestone-biosparite—MF-3, pack-stone-biomicrite—MF-4, and packstone-biosparite—MF-5), as well as their depositional characteristics. The identified carbonate and siliciclastic formations display various facies in a shallow marine environment, with different lithologies, sedimentary features, and energy conditions. It is thought that the depositional characteristics of these microfacies are closer to those of the middle to outer shelf. Because of the progressively coarsening outcrop sequence, this formation seems to be at the very top of the high stand system tract (HST). A modified dynamic depositional model of the Chhidru Formation is further built using outcrop data, facies information, and stratigraphy. According to this concept, the formation was deposited in the middle to inner shelf area of the shallow marine environment, during the Late-Permian period. The Permo-Triassic Boundary (PTB), which is the end of the type-1 series, is marked by this formation’s top.
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Nugroho, Septriono Hari, and Purna Sulastya Putra. "DETERMINING TEXTURAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SEAFLOOR SEDIMENT USING MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS ALONG THE SIMEULUE SUB-BASIN, INDONESIA." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 35, no. 4 (2020): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2020.4.7.
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The Simeulue sub-basin is situated off north-western Sumatra between the outer arc and the mainlands. The sediment and geochemical element characteristics of basins are the important sedimentology variables to recognize the process of sediment deposition. However, the characteristics of the sediment and the geochemical elements in the Simeulue subbasin have not been well explained. This study aims to investigate the textural and geochemical elements characteristics of marine sediments and the distribution of these two variables to determine the sedimentary facies in the Simeulue sub-basin. Samples were taken from various depths in the sub-basin and collected during the 2017 Expedition of “Widya Nusantara” by using the “Baruna Jaya VIII” Research Vessel. The grain size trend analysis showed that the middle part of the basin was dominated by mud, while the edge of the basin near the island (mainland) was mostly dominated by coarser sediments. A geochemical element analysis was performed on each sample to observe the origin of the sediments. The results of these two analyses were subjected to multivariate statistics. This approach was selected because it is appropriate for determining the sedimentary facies and the depositional environments. Based on the multivariate analysis, the sedimentary facies in the Simeulue sub-basin was divided into five facies with similar sediment characteristics and depositional environments. These facies were deposited in the environment with low to medium energy.
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Kulagina, E. I., E. N. Gorozhanina, V. M. Gorozhanin, and T. V. Filimonova. "Biostratigraphy and lithofacies of the Viséan and Serpukhovian deposits of the southeast of the East European platform." Стратиграфия 27, no. 6 (December 12, 2019): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-592x2763-28.
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This paper presents new data on the biostratigraphy and sedimentology of Upper Visan and Serpukhovian deposits (Lower Carboniferous) from boreholes in the southeast of the East European Platform around the Sol-Iletsk Swell (Orenburg region). Based on rock lithology, sublatitudinal facies zones are recognized in the studied area. The deposits are represented by open shallow shelf facies, up to 500 m thick, in the area of the Sol-Iletsk Swell and near-side zone of the Preuralian Foredeep. To the south, at the margin of the Northern Pericaspian, their thickness sharply decreases to 36 m, and the succession is composed of carbonate-clay sediments of the relatively deep shelf. Based on foraminifers and conodonts, the Upper Visan and Serpukhovian are subdivided using the horizons of the stratigraphic scheme of the East European Platform, and foraminiferal zones are recognized. The base of the Serpukhovian in the high-energy shallow-water facies of the open shelf is drawn at the entry of the foraminifers Janischewskina delicata and Endothyranopsis plana; in lower-energy facies, it is placed at the level of the first appearance of Neoarchaediscus postrugosus; in the clay-carbonate facies of the relatively deep shelf it is based on the appearance of the conodont Lochriea ziegleri. The distribution of microfauna from the five boreholes, the characteristics of the foraminiferal zonal assemblages, and the interregional correlation are discussed.
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Paudel, Mukunda Raj. "Facies analysis of Sunakothi Formation, Kathmandu basin, Nepal and its significance." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 47, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v47i1.23105.
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This study decipher facies characteristic of Sunakothi Formation at southern part of Kathmandu Basin. Thick sandy and muddy sequence is found on an open lacustrine facies of the Kalimati Formation. Five facies associations have been recognized within the sandy and muddy facies. These are: (a) muddy rhythmites and silt and laminated to ripple sand bed of the prodeltaic origin (pd), (b) association of cross-stratification, rippledrift and parallel lamination in the lacustrine delta front origin (df), (c) muddy flood-plain and alteration of the fine and coarse sediments of delta-plain origin (dp), (d) sandy to silty rhythmites of the marginal shallow lacustrine origin above the delta-plain (ml), and (e) association of fluvial origin (fl ). Former three associations are interbeded by the thick gravel deposits, which is gravelly braided river origin. Transition from lacustrine to alluvial system is characterized by fluvial and deltaic system in the south. Sedimentology of the Sunakothi Formation indicates deposition during rapid lake level rise and also the thick channelized fluvial gravel beds within the sandy and muddy sequence indicate lake level fall. The cause could be climatic as well as activity of the basin margin tectonics. Sunakothi Formation is the southern counterpart of the Thimi-Gokarna Formations distributed in the northern part of the basin.
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Algheryafi, Hasan, César Viseras, Camilo Polo, and Khalid Al-Ramadan. "Facies architecture and paleogeography evolution of regressive wave-dominated shorelines transitioning into tide-dominated estuaries: Early Devonian Subbat Member, Jauf Formation, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Sedimentary Research 92, no. 10 (October 26, 2022): 955–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2021.112.
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Abstract The Paleozoic succession on the northern Arabian Plate was deposited during several regressive and transgressive events. The Early Devonian Subbat Member of the Jauf Formation comprises several smaller-scale intervals of the Paleozoic succession that were interpreted based on large-scale observations from outcrop and subsurface data. This study utilizes process-based sedimentology and investigates facies stacking, lateral continuity of sand bodies, and ichnofacies to interpret an open marine wave-dominated forced regressive system, that is followed by transgressive shorelines. This study integrates a total of 417 meters of the Devonian stratigraphy from four outcrops and two shallow cores. This dataset records a third-order sequence which developed through an extensive intra-plate siliciclastic influx in between two carbonate units during the deposition of the Subbat Member. This study illustrates the evolution of a falling-stage systems tract that is characterized by shoreface sand bodies and an erosional-based delta front in the lower Subbat Member. These sediments overlie a regressive surface of marine erosion (RSME), extending for hundreds of kilometers and transitioning to an overall transgression in the upper parts of the Subbat Member. This study interprets a total of seven facies associations (FAs): i) offshore, ii) wave-dominated delta, iii) shoreface to offshore transition, iv) fluvial channels, v) crevasse splays, vi) paleosol, and vii) estuarine facies associations. In the lower part of the Subbat Member, the wave-dominated delta and shoreface to offshore transitional FAs overlie the marine shelf strata of the offshore FA and develop a RSME. Fluvial channels and crevasse splays FAs are interpreted. Unique assemblages of trace fossils, in terms of intensity and diversity, ranging from the Nereites Ichnofacies to Skolithos Ichnofacies, play a major role in the understanding of the overall water depth and depositional setting. Distinctive terrestrial Prototaxites fossils are present in sheet-like bodies and are interpreted as part of extensive crevasse splays that formed during major river flooding events. This study provides a unique integrated approach using ichnology, sedimentology, and sequence stratigraphy to better understand the spatial and temporal facies distribution of a forced regressive sequence and refine the paleogeography of northern Arabia during Early Devonian time.
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C.K, Ndeze, Okoro A.U, Haruna K. A., Kalu C.G, Afolayan O.O, and Afolayan O.O. "Facies Analysis, Sedimentology and Petrographic studies of the Eocene Ameki Formation, SE Nigeria." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 9, no. 2 (November 19, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v9i2.31727.
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Detailed sedimentology and petrographic studies of outcrop sections of the Eocene Ameki formation exposed in the Northern depobelts of the Niger Delta was done to, characterize the sediment facies, determine the depositional environment and also to development a depositional model for the study area. Three facies associations were have been identified in the study area based on lithology, primary sedimentary structures, fossil content, geometry, lateral and vertical succession of beds and the nature of bedding contacts,and they include; brackish swamp, braided fluvial channels and Tidal creek environments. Results from polished section study showed the percentage distribution of the maceral groups as Huminite = 58.25%, Liptinite = 34.35%, Inertinite = 7.5%. The lignites are mainly Duroclarite in nature, deposited in swamp vegetation with preserved cell structures in a slightly oxic to anoxic condition. Furthermore results from petrographic studies of representative sandstone samples showed that the predominant mineral is quartz with a greater number of them showing Monocrystalline features, while the feldspars are mostly of the plagioclase type. Ternary diagram plots for the sandstones suggest a subarkose to lithic subarkose, and Arkose to lithicarkose for the sandstones, a mixed provenance of plutonic, metamorphic and recycled sedimentary sources which are consistent with humid climatic conditions.
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Momta, Prince, and Nse Essien. "Facies Description and Sedimentology of FABI Field, Coastal Swamp Depobelt, Niger Delta, Nigeria." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 6, no. 3 (January 10, 2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2016/26405.
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Muljana, Budi, Undang Mardiana, Adi Hardiyono, Nana Sulaksana, Djadjang Jedi Setiadi, Lia Jurnaliah, and Nurdrajat. "Lithofacies and ichnofacies of turbidite deposits, West Java, Indonesia." Fossil Imprint 77, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2021.001.
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This study focuses on the analysis of sedimentary facies and ichnogenus variations to determine the palaeogeographic setting of turbidite deposits that are clearly exposed in the surroundings of Majalengka area, West Java, Indonesia. Lithofacies variation in turbidite deposits, identified from detailed stratigraphic sections, were visually presented as a composite log and indicated a thickening and coarsening pattern due to a regressive event. Trace fossils exposed in all stratigraphic levels consist of Thalassinoides, Chondrites, Cruziana and Planolites. They are commonly found in a series of thin to medium bedded fine grained turbiditic sandstones intercalated with shales. Hereinafter, the integration analysis in between sedimentology and ichnology data, the sediment shed into the basin in the submarine channelized related to slope system. Such findings cast no doubt as to whether integrated sedimentary facies and ichnofacies analysis can be viewed as precise methods for sedimentary basin interpretation, in which external parameter, for example magmatic processes, also are considered to play a role.
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Liu, Kang Ning, Zai Xing Jiang, Da Kang Zhong, Rong Kang, and Yue Cao. "Study on Sedimentary Facies of Carboniferous Kalashayi Formation in the South of Tahe Oilfield." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1745.
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Tahe Oilfield is an significant petroleum exploitation and development area in Tarim Basin for SINOPIC. Carboniferous Kalashayi Formation has become an important oil-bearing series for increasing and maintaining production, and for finding backup resource in this Oilfield. Based on the theories and methods of sedimentology, by using the sesmic, log and core data, the sedimentary facies of Carboniferous Kalashayi Formation in the south of Tahe Oilfield are analyzed deeply. Through the study of characteristics of the rock type and texture,sedimentary structure, sedimentary sequence, stratic structure, paleontology, geochemistry and geophysics of Kalashayi Formation, the Sand-shale Section is attributed to tidal flat deposits which has a nature of estuary. The study area are mainly dominated by intertidal zone, including mud flat, sand-mud flat, sand flat, tidal channel and mouth bar microfacies. The Up-mudstone Section developed lagoonal facies. This study provides favorable support for the further petroleum exploration in study area.
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Betoulle, Jean Luc, François Fromard, André Fabre, and Henri Puig. "Caractérisation des chutes de litière et des apports au sol en nutriments dans une mangrove de Guyane française." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-154.
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Litter falls and their contributions to soil nutriments were measured in five distinct facies of a mangrove in French Guyana. These facies were characterized by their distance from the sea, their floral composition (Laguncularia racemosa (L.), Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn, Rhizophora spp.), and their structural features. Data were analyzed according to facies and to species for litters, as well as to seasons for the nutriments. This mangrove produced respectively 8.8 and 8.7 t·ha1·year1 of litter at the pioneer and senescent stages submitted to strong environmental constraint and 12.5 and 12.6 t·ha1·year1 for young and mature stages where developmental conditions are optimum. Nitrogen and carbon inputs were estimated to 1.3 × 102 and 6.4 t·ha1·year1, respectively. Litter appeared rich in phosphorous, corresponding with the high concentrations characterizing the sediments. For a given species, magnesium and calcium concentrations were constant between facies, whereas potassium and sodium concentrations varied according to the distance from the sea. Differences were perceived between species for all nutriments except sodium. Results are discussed in relation with the ecophysiological characteristics of the mangrove trees and the specific sedimentology of Guyana coast and are replaced in the perspective of an improved knowledge of the carbon and mineral balances in tropical coastal ecosystems.Key words: mangrove, French Guyana, litter, carbon balance, mineral nutriments, spatial variations.[Journal translation]
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Abbasi, Samira, Saeid Pourmorad, Ashutosh Mohanty, Shakura Jahan, and Nilanchal Patel. "Sedimentological Studies of Marine Oil Fields in Order to Reduce Drilling Risk and Environmental Pollution: A Case Study of South of Iran." BOHR International Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science 1, no. 2 (2022): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijcees.006.
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Detailed studies of sedimentology and petrology of oil fields, especially oil fields located in the seas, play a very important role in reducing the risk of danger, increasing harvest, and reducing the amount of environmental pollution. The South Pars gas field in the waters of the Persian Gulf on the joint border line of Iran and Qatar and on the south coast of Iran has been used as a comprehensive model for this type of study. In these studies, the sedimentary environment and sequential stratigraphy of the Scorpion and Sarvak Formations in the South Pars gas field in wells 1 and 3 have been investigated. Microscopic studies and analysis of gamma-ray and acoustic diagrams of these formations have led to the identification of 9 facies in three facies belts related to wetland, dam, and open sea. Dam facies have been identified only in Sarvak formation. This study shows that the facies belts of the abovementioned formations in a ramp platform are also sloping. Sequence stratigraphy of Kazhdomi and Sarvak Formations in the study wells shows that Kazhdomi Formation has one sedimentary sequence (third category cycle) and Sarvak Formation has two sedimentary sequences. The lower boundaries of sequences 1 and 2 and the upper boundary of sequence 3 have type 1 (SB1) discontinuities, and the boundary between sequences 2 and 3 has type 2 (SB2) discontinuities.
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Homewood, Peter, Philippe Razin, Carine Grélaud, Henk Droste, Volker Vahrenkamp, Monique Mettraux, and Joerg Mattner. "Outcrop sedimentology of the Natih Formation, northern Oman: A field guide to selected outcrops in the Adam Foothills and Al Jabal al Akhdar areas." GeoArabia 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 39–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia130339.
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ABSTRACT This field guide describes eleven outcrops of the Natih Formation in the Al Jabal al Akhdar-Jabal Shams and Adam Foothills areas, not far from Nizwa, at the foot of the Oman Mountains. The outcrops have been chosen for their accessibility, as well as for the fairly complete picture of the Natih Formation, which they piece together. To visit all eleven outcrops requires several days and the use of 4-wheel-drive vehicles, but the locations offer no serious physical difficulty, nor long hiking, to gain access. The outcrop descriptions follow in stratigraphic order from the lower to the upper Natih members, roving back-and-forth across the outcrop area. Much of the detailed account of the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Natih that has been used as the basis of this field guide, has been given previously by van Buchem et al. (1996, 2002), Grélaud (2005), Schwab et al. (2005) and Grélaud et al. (2006). The observations and interpretations given here come in part from those studies, but this paper is also largely the product of a subsequent project that was carried out for the Fahud Studies Team of Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), to provide detailed sedimentology and high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Natih Formation for further development of the Fahud field (Homewood et al. 2006). In this respect, this field guide is not so much intended to be an original contribution in terms of the science concerning the Natih Formation. The intent is to provide the ways-and-means for all to gain a first-hand personal understanding of the rocks we have enjoyed working on. Following the outcrop descriptions, a general section provides a discussion on facies and facies associations in terms of the constraints of sequence stratigraphy, sea-level change and clay influx on the carbonate factory. With the incorporation of limited subsurface seismic and well data, geobodies and depositional assemblages, the three-dimensional objects that form the stratigraphic packages at outcrop and seismic scales, respectively, are also discussed. Facies are thus interpreted not only in terms of depositional environments, but are also placed within both geometrical (geobody, depositional assemblage) and sequence-stratigraphic frameworks. In the conclusion, it is argued that a deeper understanding of the Natih Formation has been gained by comparison of outcrop data with subsurface data, and by contrast with modern analogs. The detail required to apply what was learned from outcrop to the nearby subsurface, in a practical manner (but also properly to reconstruct the successive Natih scenarios), requires building several facies models. This is in contrast to giving a single composite picture of Natih facies distribution in space and time, under one single facies model.
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Pedersen, Gunver Krarup,. "The sedimentology of Lower Palaeozoic black shales from the shallow wells Skelbro 1 and Billegrav 1, Bomholm, Denmark." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 37 (April 10, 1989): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1988-37-13.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies of the Lower Palaeozoic shales on Bornholm have mainly been based on the outcrops along the streams. The outcrops provide data on the lateral continuity of the facies while the selection of (2-3 cm wide) cores for the present study focused the attention on the vertical sequence of facies. Cores of high quality were obtained and have been found to provide an excellent basis for a study of structures, sediment composition and diagenesis. In the outcrops of shale fossils are locally present in high numbers and such levels are also recognized in the cores. Seven sedimentary facies, ranging from black mudshale to greyish mudstone and silt-streaked shale, are distinguished in the Middle Cambrian to lowermost Silurian shales. Gamma-ray logs were run in the two wells and a convincing correlation to the cored sequence can be demonstrated. Gamma-ray logs provide thus a good means of correlation to wells where no cores have been cut. The shales are all interpreted as deposited in an epicontinental sea due to their geological setting i.e. the association with shallow water carbonates (Andrarum Limestone and Komstad Limestone) and their stratigraphical position above the shelf to shoreface sandstones of the Lresa formation. Three facies associations are distinguished: The mudshale association comprises black organic-rich shales which represent a low-energy anoxic depositional environment which prevailed in the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician. The mudstone association is typical of the Middle and Upper Ordovician and represents a continuation of low-energy environments though mottling indicates that ventilation improved in certain periods. The siltshale association represents higher energy environments which were dominant in the lowermost Silurian. A well defined Upper Ordovician CU sequence probably reflects the global eustatic fall in sea level caused by the extensive glaciation in Gondwanaland. In the late Silurian the average rate of deposition increased in response to the approaching Caledonian orogeny.
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Gilbert, Graham L., Stefanie Cable, Christine Thiel, Hanne H. Christiansen, and Bo Elberling. "Cryostratigraphy, sedimentology, and the late Quaternary evolution of the Zackenberg River delta, northeast Greenland." Cryosphere 11, no. 3 (May 30, 2017): 1265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1265-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Zackenberg River delta is located in northeast Greenland (74°30′ N, 20°30′ E) at the outlet of the Zackenberg fjord valley. The fjord-valley fill consists of a series of terraced deltaic deposits (ca. 2 km2) formed during relative sea-level (RSL) fall. We investigated the deposits using sedimentological and cryostratigraphic techniques together with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. We identify four facies associations in sections (4 to 22 m in height) exposed along the modern Zackenberg River and coast. Facies associations relate to (I) overriding glaciers, (II) retreating glaciers and quiescent glaciomarine conditions, (III) delta progradation in a fjord valley, and (IV) fluvial activity and niveo-aeolian processes. Pore, layered, and suspended cryofacies are identified in two 20 m deep ice-bonded sediment cores. The cryofacies distribution, together with low overall ground-ice content, indicates that permafrost is predominately epigenetic in these deposits. Fourteen OSL ages constrain the deposition of the cored deposits to between approximately 13 and 11 ka, immediately following deglaciation. The timing of permafrost aggradation was closely related to delta progradation and began following the subaerial exposure of the delta plain (ca. 11 ka). Our results reveal information concerning the interplay between deglaciation, RSL change, sedimentation, permafrost aggradation, and the timing of these events. These findings have implications for the timing and mode of permafrost aggradation in other fjord valleys in northeast Greenland.
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Carlsen, G. M., S. N. Apak, K. A. R. Ghori K. Grey, and M. K. Stevens. "PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF THE NEOPROTEROZOIC WESTERN OFFICER BASIN, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, BASED ON A SOURCE ROCK MODEL FROM EMPRESS-IA." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98018.
Full textAbstract:
The sedimentology, palaeontology and geochemistry of Neoproterozoic, organic-rich, clastic and related carbonate deposits in Western Australia provide new insights into the first-order depositional controls on hydrocarbon source rocks in the Neoproterozoic. Organic facies are correlated with depositional facies, revealing the impact of organic productivity and transport of organic rich sediments on the accumulation of organic matter in different depositional environments. Sedimentation is largely limited to ramp, platform, shoal, lagoon and sabkha environments.Growth of benthic organisms in the photic zone was the primary process controlling the production of organic matter in the ramp-shoreline system of the Kanpa Formation. Storms and floods were the primary mechanism for moving organic rich sediments into dysoxic and anoxic depositional environments. Variations in organic facies are indicated by: 1) changes in the palynomorph assemblages, particularly the increase in acritarchs within shallow-water ramp facies and cyanobacterial filaments in quiet-water sediments; 2) organic-rich laminae, containing abundant cyanobacterial filaments and mat material; and 3) the oxidation state of preserved organic remains.Periods of high organic growth rates or periods of mass mortality may have led to the development of an anoxic zone at the water-sediment interface. In the shoal and lagoonal settings, higher rates of clastic sediment dilution combined with oxygenated conditions resulted in lower TOC and hydrogen depleted organic facies.Condensed sections overlying stromatolitic dolomites represent the most effective organic facies of all of the potential source laminae sampled in Empress–IA. Most of the Officer Basin succession is currently within the oil-generating window and hydrocarbon shows encourage further exploration.