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1
Vega, Luis A. Cabezas. Factor substitution, capacity utilization, and total factor productivity growth in the Peruvian manufacturing industry. [Gothenburg: Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögskolan vid Göteborgs universitet, 1994.
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2
Pagura, Sonia M. C. Male and female total knee arthroplasty candidates and healthy controls differ in anthropometry, functional capacity and biochemistry, insulin-like growth factor-I and cytokines. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.
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3
Prucha, Ingmar R. Endogenous capital utilization and productivity measurement in dynamic factor demand models: Theory and an application to the U.S. electrical machinery industry. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.
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4
Kulindwa, Kassim. Input substitution, technical change, productivity and capacity utilisation in the Tanzanian manufacturing sector: A disequilibrium factor demand model. [Göteborg, Sweden]: Gothenburg University School of Economics and Legal Science, 1993.
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5
Pagura, Sonia Marianna. Male and female total knee arthroplasty canadidates and healthy controls differ in anthropometry, functional capacity and biochemistry (insulin like growth factor-I and cytokines). Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1998.
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6
Shovhalov, Shamil'. The Halal market in Russia: theory, practice and prospects of development. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1044645.
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The study is based on the important idea that in the modern world increases the influence of the religious factor and, as a consequence, the population returned to traditional values, despite the globalization processes in all spheres of life. Long-term study of the Halal market in Russia, whose capacity is increasing every year, confirms the above. Alternately analyzes the infrastructure features of the Halal market, its current status and prospects of development in the future.
Addressed to scientists of all fields, and practitioners of the market Halal.
7
Ramella, Francesco, and Carlo Trigilia, eds. Reti sociali e innovazione. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-129-8.
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The lagging behind of the Italian economy in the sphere of technologically advanced manufacture represents a significant factor in the debate on the risks of the country's decline. Nevertheless we know relatively little about the diffusion in Italy of companies specialising in information technology. The research presented in this book – the outcome of a national project – reveals how this sector is dominated by small businesses, concentrated in a number of urban areas (the cases studied are Pisa, Florence, Turin, Osimo and Castelfidardo). It emerges that the social networks linking the businessmen with University researchers are crucial to an understanding of the processes of innovation. But what is equally important is the capacity of the collective entities, both public and private, to provide the entire country with the services that are indispensable for the development of enterprise.
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Ismailov, Nariman. Globalism and ecophilosophy of the future. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1212905.
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From the point of view of the new science of globalism, the problems of the ecological, socio-economic state of the world and countries are considered through the prism of the interaction of the human psyche and society and the inhabited world. The criteria of ecological civilization of countries and peoples are justified. Optimizing the consumption of natural bio-and energy resources is becoming a fundamental environmental factor for sustainable development. The "Law of the maximum for humanity" as the law of the biosphere can be the arbitration court, the neutral force that will explain the historical need for mutual understanding, taking into account the interests of ecology and economy for the survival of man as a biovid on Earth; a new reality will begin to form — the phenomenon of co-residence of the world society with the biosphere. The world's population, its energy and bio-consumption, as well as all living matter on the planet, must correspond to the biological capacity of the Earth and not go beyond its boundaries. The task of the society is to implement a worldview breakthrough at the current stage of development, its own cultural mutation, which in the future will create the basis for adaptive technological and socio-cultural development. The task is to classify the entire Earth as a "Green Book" and to solve systemic environmental problems of a global nature. An integral part of sustainable development should be the principle of "vital consumption" at both the personal and social level, instead of the dominant principle of"expanded production and consumption". The indicator of the" culture of consumption "of natural resources, both at the individual level and at the level of society, should be included as an integral part of the integral indicator in the "True Indicator of Progress" and the "Human Development Index".
The book is interdisciplinary in nature; it is a kind of scientific and philosophical poetic essay intended for teachers and students of universities in the field of sociology, ecology, biology and related fields, as well as for everyone who cares about the future of society.
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Terry, McLendon, and Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (U.S.), eds. A successional dynamics simulation model as a factor for determining military training land carrying capacity. [Champaign, IL]: US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, 1998.
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11
Grare, Frédéric. The Evolution of the China Factor in India’s Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859336.003.0002.
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Ongoing bilateral disputes and mistrust between Beijing and New Delhi, coupled with China’s growing economic, political and military role, have been important motivators behind India’s engagement with Asia. The relationship between the two countries involves territorial disputes, elements of rivalry for political dominance in Asia but also strong incentives for cooperation. Therefore, the Look East policy has been conceived as an attempt to not only balance and deter but also engage China. India seeks to create a virtuous circle by which engagement with India China will mitigate the consequences of the capacity gap between India and China and will provide India with the economic, military and political resources necessary to alter the Asian power structure in its favour.
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Dryzek, John S. 2. Looming Tragedy: Limits, Boundaries, Survival. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199696000.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on the environmental discourse of limits and survival and how it set the apocalyptic horizon of environmentalism. Population biologists and ecologists use the concept of ‘carrying capacity’ — the maximum population of a species that an ecosystem can support in perpetuity. When the population of a species grows to the point where carrying capacity is exceeded, the ecosystem is degraded and the population crashes, recovering only if and when natural processes restore the ecosystem to its previous capacity. One complicating factor when it comes to applying population biology to human societies is the possibility of economic growth. The chapter first considers the origins of survivalism before discussing the political philosophy of survival, discourse analysis of limits and survival, and limits and survival in practice. It also examines the challenges confronting the limits discourse, including the lack of international action on climate change.
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Lavers, Tom, ed. The Politics of Distributing Social Transfers. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192862525.001.0001.
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Abstract This book provides a systematic analysis of the political processes shaping the distribution of social transfers in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In doing so, the book addresses a notable gap in recent research on social protection concerning the politics of implementation. While considerable attention has been devoted to debating the merits of different policy designs and the political factors shaping the adoption and diffusion of different policy models, ultimately the ability of any social transfer programme to deliver on its promises is dependent on the effective implementation and distribution of social transfers in line with intended objectives. The chapters in this book examine international and sub-national variation in programme implementation in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nepal, and Rwanda, drawing on a common analytical framework that highlights the importance of state capacity and reach, rooted in histories of state formation, and contemporary political competition in shaping the distribution of social transfers. Comparative analysis of the case studies supports the view that variation in the capacity and reach of the state within countries is a centrally important factor shaping the effectiveness and impartiality of distribution. Yet state capacity alone is insufficient. Rather, political competition and power relations shape how this capacity is actually deployed in practice. As such, the book underscores the inherently political nature of implementation and questions common technocratic efforts to improve implementation by de-politicizing the social protection policy process.
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Hamilton, Kirk, and Gang Liu. Human Capital, Tangible Wealth, and the Intangible Capital Residual. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803720.003.0011.
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Since income is the return on wealth, the total wealth of a country should be around twenty times its GDP. Instead, the average observed ratio from the System of National Accounts (SNA) is a factor of 2.6–6.6. Clearly, wealth accounts are incomplete. Estimating the value of the most obvious omission, human capital, using the lifetime income approach for a sample of thirteen (mostly high-income) countries yields a mean share of human capital in total wealth of 63 per cent—four times the value of produced and fourteen times that of natural capital. But for selected high-income countries an average of 25 per cent of total wealth remains unaccounted. This residual intangible is arguably the ‘stock equivalent’ of total factor productivity—the value of assets such as institutional and social capital that augment the capacity of produced, natural, and human capital to support a stream of consumption into the future.
15
Paul, Torremans. Part VI The Law of Property, 33 Corporations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199678983.003.0033.
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This chapter examines the legal system governing corporations in relation to private international law. It begins with a discussion of the domicile of a corporation, which is sometimes used as a connecting factor for corporations in private international law, even if the concept of domicile applies primarily to natural persons. An example of a statute that uses the concept of domicile for corporations is the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988. Whereas every natural person gets a domicile of origin upon birth, a corporation's domicile is linked to its incorporation. A corporation is therefore domiciled in the country under whose law it was incorporated. The chapter also considers jurisdictional issues relating to a corporation's residence, status and capacity, internal management, and winding up.
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Inclán, María. Opportunities for Mobilization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190869465.003.0003.
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This chapter analyzes the development of the Zapatista cycle of protests from 1994 to 2003 in relation to the political opportunities opened to the movement during Mexico’s democratic transition. In particular, it describes to what extent Zapatista protest activity was affected by the four traditional dimensions identified in the literature of political opportunity: (1) negotiating periods, as well as changes in power as signs of openings in the political system at the local and national levels; (2) the timing and competitiveness of elections as measures of the relative vulnerability of political elites; (3) the presence of a potential political ally in power; and (4) the Mexican state’s capacity for repression. The chapter compares the explanatory power of these factors to another factor that the literature has highlighted as a crucial variable for mobilization, namely the availability of a network of preexisting organizations.
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Lobina, David J. Recursion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785156.001.0001.
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This book provides a comprehensive account of the role of recursion in language in two distinct but interconnected ways. First, it examines how recursion applies at different levels within a full description of natural language. Specifically, it identifies and evaluates recursion as: a) a central property of the computational system underlying the faculty of language; b) a possible feature of the derivations yielded by this computational system; c) a global characteristic of the structures generated by the language faculty; and d) a probable factor in the parsing operations employed during the processing of recursive structures. Secondly, the volume orders these different levels into a tripartite explanatory framework. According to this framework, the investigation of any particular cognitive domain must begin by first outlining what sort of mechanical procedure underlies the relevant capacity (including what sort of structures it generates). Only then, it argues, can we properly investigate its implementation, both at the level of abstract computations typical of competence-level analyses, and at the level of the real-time processing of behaviour.
18
Gilson, Ronald J. From Corporate Law to Corporate Governance. Edited by Jeffrey N. Gordon and Wolf-Georg Ringe. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743682.013.10.
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In the 1960s and 1970s, corporate law and finance scholars gave up on their traditional approaches. Corporate law had become “towering skyscrapers of rusted girders, internally welded together and containing nothing but wind.” In finance, the theory of the firm was recognized as an “empty box.” This essay tracks how corporate law was reborn as corporate governance through three examples of how we have usefully complicated the inquiry into corporate behavior. Part I frames the first complication, defining governance broadly as the company’s operating system, a braided framework of legal and non-legal elements. Part II adds a second complication by making the inquiry dynamic: corporate governance as a path dependent process that co-evolves with the elements of the broader capitalist regime. Part III considers unsuccessful efforts to simplify rather than complicate corporate governance analysis through static single factor models: stakeholder, team production, director primacy, and shareholder primacy. Part IV concludes by highlighting the tradeoff between a governance system’s capacity to adapt to change and its ability to support long-term investment.
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Riehl, Mark. TMS stimulator design. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0003.
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Transcranial magnetic stimulators have progressed from basic implementations to integrated systems optimized for treatment of pathologies. This article reviews key factors of design of such clinically targeted systems, discussing design principles, procedure-specific features, and clinical safety requirements. A power source, a capacitor, and a high-power switch controlled by a processor form the basic stimulator. The fundamental operating mechanism of a TMS stimulator is to create a changing magnetic field that can induce a current in adjacent conductive material. The clinical TMS system must incorporate patient positioning, patient comfort, coil positioning features, and intuitive user controls and means of managing patient data to be a fully effective system. The most important safety risk with repetitive TMS reported in the literature is the risk of inducing seizure. Other safety considerations include proper use of human factor analysis to minimize improper operation, the biocompatibility of materials touching the patient, and addressing acoustic noise.
20
Harvey, Philip D., and Felicia Gould. Cognitive Functioning and Disability in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0016.
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In many respects, PTSD is a disorder of cognition and memory in specific: individuals with the condition have trouble remembering details of the trauma when they want to and remember them in other situations where they do not want to, such as in nightmares and flashbacks. In addition, a growing literature has explored performance on other cognitive performance measures in PTSD. A new development is the study of the ability to perform critical everyday functional skills, referred to as functional capacity, which themselves are highly cognitively demanding. Our review of the literature on cognition and PTSD suggests two main conditions. There are several areas of cognitive functioning where people with PTSD perform below normative standards, on average. These domains include memory, attention, and executive functioning. However, there is also substantial evidence to suggest that impairments in cognition are present before the onset of other symptoms and may be a risk factor for the development of PTSD. A careful examination of the levels of performance of PTSD patients suggests that performance may not be worse than pre-illness functioning. Interventions aimed at cognition may still be beneficial, because a small literature consistently finds that cognitive impairments are correlated with indicators of everyday disability in people with PTSD.
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Geddes, Andrew. Global and Regional Cooperation on Migration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.200.
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The problem of international migration is that global cooperation is somewhat rare. If international cooperation is to develop, then it will depend on states; but effective cooperation would also impose real constraints on states. Moreover, as states and their borders give meaning to international migration, it follows that the development, consolidation, and transformation of the state system is a key factor determining the possibilities for the global and regional governance of migration to develop. Existing forms of regional integration and their migration provisions as well as regional consultation processes (RCPs) can serve as a mechanism for intraregional communication, the sharing of knowledge, and for the dissemination of policy ideas and practices. The EU has already been discussed as the world’s most highly developed form of regional integration. It is the only international organization with the power and capacity to make and implement laws through its own institutional system that must be implemented by member states. The EU moreover has a highly developed system of internal free movement for nationals of its own states and has developed a border-free travel area for participating states. These developments constitute the hallmark of a highly developed intra-EU migration framework linked to the creation of the “single market.”
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Frosio, Giancarlo, ed. Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198837138.001.0001.
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The theoretical—and market—background against which the intermediary liability debate developed has changed considerably since the first appearance of online intermediaries almost two decades ago. These changes have been reflected—or will soon most likely be reflected—in changing policy approaches. The role of Online Service Providers (OSPs) is unprecedented for their capacity to influence the informational environment and users’ interactions within it. The ethical implications of OSPs’ role in contemporary information societies are raising unprecedented social challenges. The decisions made by these platforms increasingly shape contemporary life. Therefore, whether and when access providers and communications platforms such as Google, Twitter, and Facebook are liable for their users’ online activities is a key factor that affects innovation and fundamental rights. There are emerging legal, policy, and ethical issues facing online intermediaries that have so far received various inconsistent answers even within the same jurisdiction. To better understand the heterogeneity of the international online intermediary liability regime, The Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability is designed to provide a comprehensive, authoritative, and ‘state-of-the-art’ discussion of this topic. This book will review fundamental legal issues in online intermediary liability, while also describing advances in intermediary liability theory and identifying recent policy trends.
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Serdiuk, Oleksii, Viktor Burlaka, Andriy Kanishchev, Bohdan Tkach, Olga Vyglazova, Olga Yurchenko, Oleksii Moseiko, et al. Психіатрія та наркологія. Інструменти вимірювання залежностей. Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/msu2022.
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The course "Measurement of Substance Use and Abuse" is designed to introduce a wide range of instruments for measuring addictive behavior, methods of their construction and principles of application. The course introduces the ethical and legal aspects of measuring and diagnosing chemical addictions, modern approaches to the classification of behavioral disorders due to the use of chemical substances in the DSM and ICD, methodical and methodological principles of measuring addictive behavior, in particular the methods of mathematical statistics, which are the basis for the standardization and adaptation of diagnostic methods (reliability, validity, correlation and factor analysis), complex and specific tools for diagnosing and measuring addictive behavior. The course provides the most common methods of measuring and diagnosing chemical dependencies, as well as instructions for their application and interpretation of the obtained results. This course is the second in the "Addictive Behavior" educational cycle, designed to be studied after the introductory course "Addiction Research Methods". The course was created within the framework of the Ukrainian-American project "Capacity Building for Lifespan Focused Substance Use Disorder Research in Ukraine" (4D43TW009310-05) under supervision of the Addiction Center of the University of Michigan (USA) with the support of the Fogarty International Center (FIC ), National Institute of Health (NIH), National Institute on Alcohol Dependence and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
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Grossman, Emiliano, and Isabelle Guinaudeau. Do Elections (Still) Matter? Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847218.001.0001.
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This book sheds new light on this central democratic concern based on an ambitious study of democratic mandates through the lens of agenda-setting in five West European countries since the 1980s. The authors develop and test a new model bridging studies of party competition, pledge fulfilment, and policymaking. The core argument is that electoral priorities are a major factor shaping policy agendas, but mandates should not be mistaken as partisan. Parties are like ‘snakes in tunnels’: they have distinctive priorities but they need to respond to emerging problems and their competitors’ priorities, resulting in considerable cross-partisan overlap. The ‘tunnel of attention’ remains constraining in the policymaking arena, especially when opposition parties have resources to press governing parties to act on the campaign priorities. This key aspect of mandate responsiveness has been neglected so far because in traditional models of mandate representation, party platforms are conceived as a set of distinctive priorities, whose agenda-setting impact ultimately depends on the institutional capacity of the parties in office. Rather differently, this book suggests that counter-majoritarian institutions and windows for opposition parties generate key incentives to stick to the mandate. It shows that these findings hold across five very different democracies: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, and the UK. The results contribute to a renewal of mandate theories of representation and lead to question the idea underlying much of the comparative politics literature that majoritarian systems are more responsive than consensual ones.
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Martell, Christine R., Tima T. Moldogaziev, and Salvador Espinosa. Information Resolution and Subnational Capital Markets. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190089337.001.0001.
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This book theorizes that information is a critical factor for subnational government (SNG) capital market formation and development. It empirically tests the stated relationship between information resolution institutions and mechanisms of information resolution on SNG borrowing. Based on empirical results, analyses of underlying fundamentals of city credit quality, and the study of contexts of information resolution reforms, the book recommends policy measures for central governments, regional and local governments, and financial sector firms to build capital markets for subnational borrowing. As subnational governments across the globe, especially cities, bear increasing pressures to provide critical capital infrastructure, responsibilities for the provision of local infrastructure resulting from decentralization efforts and population demands, the need for a wider array of internal and external resources, including bond market alternatives, become a priority. With information resolution, access to capital market financing becomes a feasible option of regional and local government finance. The evidence reported in this book demonstrates that SNG access to capital market financing depends on credit contractibility, which is the nation’s capacity of information resolution. The bases of credit contractibility are transparency of credit information, depth of credit information, dissemination, and regulatory quality. Evidence also shows that the informational content of underlying credit quality is a significant covariate of city-level borrowing and debt composition. Based on empirical findings and focusing on cities, the book argues that SNGs can and should strengthen their agency vis-à-vis the public and financial sector actors, in an environment where global capital is increasingly intertwined with the provision of critical infrastructure finance. Agency is necessary for city policymakers not only to achieve their key governance tasks efficiently, but do so effectively and equitably, consistent with the demands of the citizenry.