Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Facteur de transcription NF-kB'
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Bottero, Virginie. "Dissection des mécanismes d'activation du facteur de transcription NF-KB." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5720.
Full textDerudder, Emmanuel. "Mécanismes de contrôle du facteur de transcription RelB, un membre de la famille NF-kB/Rel." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066091.
Full textCharles, richard John lalith. "FACT, réparation par excision de bases et fixation du facteur de transcription NF-kB sur la chromatine." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770327.
Full textCharles, Richard John Lalith. "FACT, réparation par excision de bases et fixation du facteur de transcription NF-kB sur la chromatine." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV034/document.
Full textFACT is a vital protein which has multiple roles including one in transcription and repair of damaged DNA. However, how FACT assists repair and transcription remains elusive. In this work, we have first studied the role of FACT in Base Excision Repair (BER). We used nucleosomes containing DNA with randomly incorporated uracil. We found that the enzyme UDG is able to remove uracils facing the solution and not the uracils facing the histone octamer. The simultaneous presence of FACT and RSC (a chromatin remodeler involved in repair) allows, however, a very efficient removal of uracil facing the histone octamer by UDG. In addition, the concerted action of FACT and RSC permits the removal of the otherwise un-accessible oxidative lesion 8-oxoG from nucleosomal templates by OGG1. This was achieved thanks to the co-remodeling activity of FACT. Here we described for the first time this novel property of FACT and we show in a series of biochemical experiments that FACT is able to boost the remodeling activity of RSC. The experiments reveal that the presence of FACT increases the efficiency of RSC to transform the energy freed by ATP hydrolysis into “mechanical” work. The presented data suggest a stochastic nature of BER functioning in vivo, FACT being a key factor in the repair process. The implication of the co-remodeling activity of FACT in NF-kB factor binding to nucleosomal templates was also investigated. The generation of remodeled, but not mobilized nucleosomes (remosomes), was not sufficient to promote NF-kB binding. However, the RSC-induced nucleosome mobilization allows efficient NF-kB interaction with nucleosomal DNA. Our data are instrumental in deciphering the molecular mechanism of FACT implication in BER and NF-kB mediated transcription
VALLEE, SEBASTIEN. "Role du facteur de transcription nf-kb dans la survie et la differenciation de la cellule tumorale." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112079.
Full textLaguillier, Christelle. "Inhibition spécifique de facteurs de transcription impliqués dans la cancérogenèse : application à NF-KB et STAT3." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077122.
Full textThe growth of tumour cells results in part from deregulation of several cellular functions, including that of pathways involving key transcriptionnal factors (TFs) such as NF-KB or STAT3. In this work we studied the effects and the mechanism of action of specific inhibitors of NF-KB and STAT3 in tumour cell lines. By expressing a mutated form of I-LB in B cell lines, we observed a decreased NF-KB activity and increased induction of apoptosis by TNFα , on the other hand an antibody to TNFa had no direct effect on these cells. Decoy oligonucleotides (decoy ODN) allow the specific inhibition of the TFs by interacting with their DNA binding region. An NF-KB hairpin decoy ODN specifically blocked NF-KB in a colorectal cancer cell line (SW480) and in a mammary cancer cell line (MCF7), thereby inducing apoptosis of these cells. We obtained identical results in the SW480 cells with a STAT3 hairpin decoy ODN. Interestingly, this decoy ODN also inhibited interferony-activated STAT1 resulting in the protection of the cells against interferony-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that a balance between the levels of activated STAT1 and activated STAT3 play a role in the orientation of the SW480 cells toward proliferation or cell death. Thus, targeting TFs involved in cell proliferation with ODNs can efficiently inhibit them and induce the death of the cancer cell lines in which they are activated. Molecular modelling should allow to increase the specificity of the decoy ODNs for their target
Ben, Ameur Lamya. "Rôle de l’activation chronique de la voie NF-kB induite par l’oncoprotéine Tax du virus HTLV-1 dans la régulation de l’épissage alternatif." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1136.
Full textThe NF-kB (nuclear factor kB) signaling pathway regulates gene transcription of genes involved in immune response and inflammation. Chronic activation of NF-kB frequently associated with inflammatory disorders and cancer. The functional impacts of NF-kB have long been studied at the promoter level. Nevertheless, recent studies of the chromatin distribution of RelA indicate that this NF-kB subunit is predominantly localized in intragenic regions, including exons and introns, where its functions remain unknown. My work has addressed this question in the context of HTLV-1 infection, which is a constitutive activator of NF-kB, and the causative agent of the Adult T-cell Leukemia. The results show that the activation of NF-kB by the viral oncoprotein Tax results in changes in alternative splicing regulations of GC-rich exons that coincide with the chromatin recruitment of RelA in the vicinity of these exons. Integrative analysis of RNA splicing and chromatin occupancy, combined with experimental chromatin tethering assays (TALE) demonstrate that the intragenic binding of RelA leads to the recruitment of the splicing regulator DDX17, which modulates the inclusion rate of exon thanks to its helicase activity. Altogether, these data reveal that, besides its transcriptional role, NF-kB RelA acts as a chromatin anchor for the splicing factor DDX17 and provides alternative splicing specificity. These data revisit our knowledge of the physiopathologic mechanisms of HTLV-1 associated diseases , as well as other disorders related to the chronic activation of the NF-kB pathway
Kfoury, Youmna. "Mécanismes moléculaires de l'activation de la voie NF-KB par l'oncoprotéine virale d'HTLV-1 : Tax." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077022.
Full textThe human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-I) is associated with several human pathologies such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I associated myelopathy. NF-Kβ activation by the viral oncoprotein Tax plays a crucial role in the induction and maintenance of cellular proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Tax post-translational modification by ubiquitylation and SUMOylation is involved in NF-KB activation but the molecular mechanisms underlying this activation remain unclear. We showed that ubiquitylated Tax does not interact with active IKK in the cytoplasm but binds the three IKK subunits and targets them to the centrosome. Actually, Tax is differentially ubiquitylated: K-48 ubiquitylated Tax is destined for proteasomal degradation and is stabilized upon treatment with the proteasome inhibitor PS-341. On the other hand, K-63 ubiquitylated Tax colocalizes with IKK-y in the centrosome where IKK-α and IKK-β are also recruited. Hence, the centrosome represents the platform for Tax/IKK interaction. We also showed that the same Tax molecules shuttle between Ubc9 nuclear bodies and the centrosome. Indeed, Tax ubiquitylation targets Tax and NEMO into Ubc9- and SUMO- rich nuclear bodies. Moreover, Tax induces NEMO SUMOylation and accumulation in the nuclear fraction. In conclusion, Tax ubiquitylation and SUMOylation control the bidirectional and dynamic trafficking of Tax and NEMO between the Ubc9 nuclear bodies and the centrosome
Poalas, Konstantinos. "Ubiquitinylation and deubiquitinylation in the regulation of the transcription factor NF-kB activation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926894.
Full textRoy, Evelyne. "Modulation de la réponse inflammatoire intestinale par la kinase DNA-PK." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3931.
Full textBusuttil, Valère. "Etude du rôle du facteur de transcription NF-KB dans la régulation de la balance entre survie et apoptose cellulaires." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5674.
Full textThe transcription factor NF-kB regulates a wide set of genes involved in the establishment of many cellular processes that control cell activation and survival. NF-kB is maintained inactive by inhibitory subunit of the IkB family such as IkB-α. IkB- α interacts with NF-kB masking nuclear localization signals on the transcription factor. The release of transcriptionally competent NF-kB dimers is achieved after serine phosphorylation-induced degradation of IkB- α molecules. In my thesis works, I firstly participated in the characterization of IkB- α phosphorylation on Tyrosine 42. We have shown that the p56Lck and ZAP-70 tyrosine kinases are key components in this new signaling pathway that leads to phosphotyrosine-dependent NF-kB activation. We also show that H2O2 which stimulates p56Lck and ZAP-70 in T cells is an activator of NF-kB through tyrosine phospholylation of IkB- α. My principal research focuses on the regulation of cell life and death by NF-kB. We have shown that the tumor promoter PMA prevents Fas-induced apoptosis vua activation of NF-kB. In an RNAse Protection Assay, we observe that PMA induced the NF-kB-dependent expression of several anti-apoptotic genes. Moreover, we demonstrate that in the absence of NF-kB activation, PMA becomes a strong inducer of apoptosis through stimulation of the upstream caspases 8 and9 as well as of the effector caspases 3. Finally, I have participated in the study of the signaling pathway that leads to NF-kB activation after induction of DNA damage by topoisomerase poisons. This allowed me to study the participation of IkB Kinase complex in this pathway and the signals that come out from the nucleus to stimulate this complex. As a follow up to this project, I am investigating the effect of NF-kB on cell survival via the expression of survival genes. In conclusion, this work confirms and extends previous data demonstrating that NF-kB plays an important role in the modulation of apoptosis
Mercié, Patrick. "Etude de l'activation du NF-kB et de l'induction de l'apoptose dans les cellules endothéliales vasculaires : effet de l'homocystéine." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28768.
Full textLI, XIAOYAN. "Purification et clonage du facteur de transcription nf-y." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13017.
Full textSors, Aurore. "Implication du facteur de transcription NF-kB dans la résistance à l'apoptose des cellules de lymphomes T cutanés épidermotropes : modulation pharmacologique." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077164.
Full textTumor cells from cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) are resistant to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents. In order to elucidate the molecule mechanisms of this resistance, we investigated the involvement of the NF-kB transcription factor in this process. Under normal conditions, p50/p65 NF kB is sequestered in an inactive stateby the IkB molecule in the cytoplasm. In response to a variety of stimuli, the complex IKK, composed of IKKI IKK2 and NEMO, is activated and phosphorylates IkB molecule, triggering the irubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. NF-kB translocate; to the nucleus to regulate expression of target genes involved inapoptosis control. We demonstratedthat NF-kB is constitutively activated in CTCL cel lines and in tumor cells from CTCL patients and plays a key role in their survival and chemoresistance. We showed that inhibitors of the proteasome, such as bortezomib, and specific pharmacological inhibitors of the IKK complex (IKK2 inhibitor (AS602868) and inhibitory peptides of NEMO) down regulate the constitutive nuclear translocation of NF-kB and induce apotent apoptotic response in CTCL cells. Moreover, AS602868 potentiates the apoptotic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs such as VP16. These results indicate that pharmacologie inhibition of the NF-kB pathway may be an interesting, innovating approach for the treatment of CTCL
Ettou, Sandrine. "Régulation épigénétique de l'expression de FAS au cours de l'évolution des syndromes Myélodysplasiques en Leucémie aigue myéloblastique : implication de NF -kB." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077138.
Full textMyelodysplasic syndromes are heterogeneous diseases of hematopoietic stem cell. Low-risk MDS (LR-MDS) characterized by an excessive apoptosis and high Pas expression, evolve to high-risk MDS (HR-MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by a low Pas expression. This study shows an epigenetic regulation of PAS during disease evolution and the implication of NF-KB. We demonstrated that Pas overexpression is correlated with a DNA demethylation. As controls, PAS promoter in AML is methylated and enriched in repressive chromatin marks. Treatment with azacitidine induces Pas reactivation associated with DNA demethylation and open chromatin state. Increased Pas expression is correlated with the response to treatment. We observed also a sensitivity of blasts to Fas-dependent apoptosis after stimulation with CHU, an agonist to Fas. Moreover, low fas expression on progenitor cells at diagnostic, is associated with a berter response to azacitidine. In myeloid cells, Fas is transcriptionally regulated by NF-KB, which recruitment depends on chromatin accessibility
Ben, Abdallah Mariem. "Manipulation NF-kB dépendante de la prolifération et de la mort cellulaire des macrophages par la levure Cryptococcus neoformans." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066617.
Full textLatreche-Carton, Céline. "Rôle oncogénique des fragments de p65/RelA Nf-kB générés par l'activité de RIPK3." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S048/document.
Full textThe receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) can induce necroptosis, apoptosis, or cell proliferation, and is silenced in several hematological malignancies. We previously reported that RIPK3 activity independent of its kinase domain induces p65/RelA caspase-mediated cleavage resulting in N-terminal 1-362 and C-terminal 362-549 fragments. We show here that a non-cleavable p65/RelA D361E mutant expressed in DA1-3b leukemia cells decrease mouse survival and that coexpressed p65/RelA fragments increase tumoriginicty of B16/F1 melanoma cells that did not correlated with in vitro measured Nf-kB activity. Fragments and p65/RelA fragments display different expression profiles in DA1-3b leukemic cells, with the notable modulation of gene expression of the Stefin cysteine protease inhibitor family and of SLC4A5, a Na+-coupled HCO−3 transporter. DA1-3b cells expressing p65/RelA D361E mutant showed more basic intracellular pH. p65/RelA fragments induced ovexpression of PD-L1 immunoescape molecule in DA1-3b cells. Markers of stemness were also affected: p65/RelA D361E induced increased ALDH activity in DA1-3b cells and fragments expression resulted in increased melanoma sphere formation in B16/F1 cells. Thus, far from being neutral, p65/RelA cleavage initiated by kinase independent activity of RIPK3 induced a pleiotropic range of effects in vitro and in vivo in cancer cells, that may vary across tumor types
Livolsi, Antonia. "Caractérisation d'un mécanisme d'activation alternatif du facteur de transcription NF-kB utilisant la phosphorylation sur tyrosine de la sous-unité inhibitrice IkB-α." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5613.
Full textNF-kB transcription factor is involved in the regulation of several genes essential for immune, inflammatory, proliferative and apoptic responses. NF-kB is sequestered in the cytosol by the inhibitory subunit IkB. Following simulation, IKB is phosphorylated on two N-terminal serines then degraded by the 26S proteasome, allowing NF-kB nuclear translocation. In this work, we revealed an alternative mechanism of NF-kB activation in T lymphocytes, using tyrosine phosphorylation of IkB-α induce association of NF-kB/IkB complexes. We showed that Lck t and ZAP-70 tyrosine kinases are involved in the phosphorylation of tyrosines 42 and 305 of IkB-α and NF-kB activation by pervanadate (an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases). By contrast to serine phosphorylation, tyrosine phosphorylation of IkB-α does not lead to its degradation. Interaction of phosphorylated IkB-α with SH2 domain-containing proteins may participate to the dissociation of NF-kB/ IkB-α complexes. We showed that reoxygenation or H2O2 stimulation of Jurkat cells induce tyrosine phosphorylation of IkB-α. This reaction is also observed in the case of ischemia/reperfusion of the liver and the heart or X-rays irradiation of astrocytes, suggesting that ROIs are involved in this new pathway of NF-kB activation. Engagement of surface receptors such as TNF-R1 in bone marrow macrophages or NGF-R in neurons also induces the pTyr-dependent pathways. In conclusion, we contributed to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms that control NF-kB activity, whose dysregulation is associated to diverse pathologies (chronic inflammation, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases). Understanding these mechanisms will allow in fine to design specific inhibitors to improve the treatment of these diseases
Sunami, Yoshiaki. "Molecular analysis of the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13177.
Full textIt is shown here that the canonical/non-canonical NF-B pathways are not independent and a master regulatory role of the canonical pathway is to upregulate activators of the non-canonical pathway. The data further implicate a translation requirement and that LPS stimulation upregulates a potential intermediate in LPS/CD40 signaling which supports activation of the non-canonical pathway. Further, the non-canonical pathway is constitutively activated in HL cells, involving persistent p100 phosphorylation. It was found that transient and constitutive activation of the non-canonical pathway involves incorporation of p100 and p52 into a megadalton complex. TAP was employed to identify novel p100 interacting partners. EDD (an identified molecule) induces processing of p100 upon co-expression. The complex formation of TRAF3 (another p100 interactor) with p100 is mediated by NIK and requires its kinase activity. The expression of NIK promotes recruitment of TRAF3/p100 to the p100 signalosome
Gautheron, Jérémie Francis Alexis. "Les processus d’ubiquitination dans la voie de signalisation NF-kB et leurs dérèglements en pathologie." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T052.
Full textThe NF-kB signaling pathway plays a key role in inflammation, immune response and protection against apoptosis. Its activity is controled by IKK, a kinase complex which is composed of two catalytic subunits (IKK1/IKK2) and one regulatory subunit (NEMO). It has been reported that intricate ubiquitination processes, still poorly defined, regulate the activity of IKK and involve NEMO. During this work, we have tried to define in more details the role of NEMO ubiquitination in the activation process of IKK and how it is controled by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6. A molecular analysis of NEMO mutations causing the genetic disease Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) has been carried out. This has allowed us to identify the interaction domains between NEMO and TRAF6, to get insights into the defects causing IP and, exploiting the data concerning the NEMO/TRAF6 interface, to propose a new strategy to modulate the NF-kB activation process
Puschmann, Andreas J. "Characterisation of the functional role of the inducible transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) [NF-kappa-B] in isolated rat parietal cells." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968918727.
Full textKumar, Sunny. "Signatures moléculaires neuronales et effets de withanolides inhibiteurs de NF-kB chez des modèles de souris de la SLA et de démence fronto-temporale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69127.
Full textZhang, Ke. "Un microRNA dérivé de la séquence TAR du VIH-1 augmente l'expression des gènes viraux en activant le facteur de transcription cellulaire NF-kB." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13504.
Full textRNA interference (RNAi) is a gene regulatory mechanism that offers a sequence specific targeting of mRNA. Evolving in the context of RNAi, viruses of different families adopted strategies to use RNAi for their benefit. The main objective of my thesis was to understand the function of miRTAR, a viral miRNA derived from 3' end of the HIV-1 TAR RNA, in HIV-1 replication. We found that miRTAR regulates both basal and Tat-mediated transactivation of HIV-1 promoter. The effect of miRTAR does not require its binding to TAR RNA. miRTAR acts by inducing NF-κB transcription factor important for the LTR activity. Indeed, mutation of NF-κB sites but not Sp1 sites within the LTR abrogate miRTAR-mediated enhancement of transcription from the LTR. Additionally, Inhibition of NF-κB using specific siRNA directed against p50 and p65 subunits results in loss of miRTAR activity. Although, we were unable to identify the cellular gene(s) targeted by miRTAR, its overexpression lead to the activation of NF-κB pathway. Mutation of the 3' end of HIV-1 TAR results in dramatic reduction of viral replication without affecting Tat-mediated transcription. Importantly, overexpression of miRTAR rescued the replication of miRTAR HIV-1 mutant virus.In conclusion, our results strongly demonstrate that the HIV-1 encoded miRTAR plays a key role in virus replication. On the basis of these findings, we propose the following model for the function of miRTAR. Transcription of the HIV-1 LTR leads to production of short, TAR containing, RNA hairpin sequences. TAR is processed to generate miRNA, miRTAR. miRTAR is then loaded into the RISC complex and regulates the expression of several cellular genes involved in the negative regulation of NF-κB. miRTAR-mediated activation of NF-κB results in up regulation of viral genes and consequently enhances virus production. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HIV-1 uses RNAi pathway to optimize the intracellular environment for optimal replication
Cammarata-Mouchtouris, Alexandre. "Régulation des voies NF-KB au cours de la réponse immunitaire innée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ118.
Full textThe innate immune system is a defense mechanism common to all metazoans. lts activation can be deleterious when it is uncontrolled. The study of the mechanisms underlying this balance between the activation or not of the innate immune response is the basis of my thesis work. The similarity of the molecular pathways - such as the NF-KB pathway - relaying the innate immune response in insects and mammals makes Drosophila an excellent model for exploring the immune response.After immune stimulation, stopping the molecular pathways of immunity is necessary to prevent the development of autoimmune diseases or cancer. My first project focused on understanding a time-dependent mode of regulation in one of Drosophila's NF-KB pathways. My second project concerns the activation of the immune response. A nuclear protein contrai the involvement of epigenetic machinery in controlling the expression of one of Drosophila's NF-KB pathways. Ali this makes it possible to better grasp the dynamics of regulation of the innate response
Duvoix, Annelyse. "Régulation transcriptionnelle de la glutathion S-transférase P1-1 via AP-1 et NF-kB dans les cellules leucémiques humaines@ : effet inhibiteur des agents chimiopréventifs d'origine naturelle." Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0248_DUVOIX.pdf.
Full textGranet, Corinne. "Mécanismes d'adaptation de cellules ostéoblastiques Ros17/2. 8 aux variations des contraintes mécaniques dans des modèles de micro-gravité simulée et de déformation du support de culture : implication des facteurs de transcription : AP-1, Egr-1, NF-kB." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET006T.
Full textShi, Tao. "La withaferin A inhibe la transcription du VIH-1 via le facteur de transcription NF-κB." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8333.
Full textFilipe, Josina. "Rôle de la proteine NRP/Optineurine dans l'activation de NF-kB induite par Tax1 et dans la réponse antivirale médiée par IRF3." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077239.
Full textThis work focuses on the functional study of the NEMO-related protein (NRP). NRP is a protein with homology to NEMO, an essential component of the NF-KB signalling pathway, which is implicated in the immune response, inflammation and cell survival. Firstly, in a collaborative work, we identified NRP as a binding partner of the HTLV-1 Tax protein. Tax-mediated NF-KB activation is a critical process for the survival of HTLV-1 infected cells and in fact, we found that NRP enhances Tax-dependent NF-KB activation, through the synergistic interaction with another Tax binding protein, TAX1BP1. Secondly, we showed that NRP is implicated in the activation mechanism of IRF3, a transcription factor required for IFN-β expression, which is an essential cytokine of the antiviral innate immune response. We demonstrated that NRP interacts with IRF3 and is required for its efficient activation, subsequent IFN-(3 expression and viral protection. IRF3 is activated through a series of events, which include its phosphorylation by the kinase TBK1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NRP is itself a substrate and a binding partner of TBK1. Interestingly, we also found that the mitotic kinase PLK1 is able to phosphorylate NRP and to impair TBK1-mediated phosphorylation of NRP and IRF3, as well as IFN-(3 expression. Thus, we can suggest that this novel function of NRP might have the peculiarity of being negatively regulated by PLK1. The study of NRP, presented in this work, further contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in NF-KB and IRF3 activation and might lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies
Ishii, Tetsu. "Molecular mechanism of activation of transcription factor NF-kB by the mutants of the interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33782.
Full textBarnabei, Laura. "New genetic predisposition to early-onset autoimmunity in human : implication of the NF-κB pathway Heterozygous RELA mutations cause early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus by hijacking the NFkB pathway towards transcriptional activation of type-I Interferon promoter." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB049.
Full textWe have identified 2 different heterozygous mutations of RELA (a missense mutation H86N, and a non-sense R329X), coding the p65 protein, one of the transcription factors of the canonical NFκB pathway, in 3 patients presenting with adult or pediatric onset of Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE). The nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) transcription factor plays a critical role in diverse cellular processes associated with proliferation, cell death, development, as well as innate and adaptive immune responses. NFκB is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm by a family of inhibiteins kntory proown IκBs. The signal pathways leading to the nuclear accumulation of NFκB, which can be activated by a wide variety of stimuli, have been extensively studied in the past two decades. After its translocation to the nucleus, NFκB must be actively regulated to execute its function as a transcription factor. NFκB has long been considered as a target for new anti-inflammatory drugs. However, data from genetic studies in mice suggest that NFκB could be a complex therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases as it regulates proinflammatory cytokine production, but also leukocyte recruitment, or cell survival. By confocal microscopy analysis combined to molecular analysis in vitro, we showed that these mutations lead to the expression of mutant RelA and spontaneous activation of the NFκB pathway in non-stimulated patients' T cells suggesting a role of RELA mutants in the control of the adaptive immunity. Moreover, we found that patients mutated for RELA displayed a high Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) expression in total Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) as well as in activated T cells and immortalized B cells by Epstein Barr Virus (B-EBV), indicating a lymphocyte-intrinsic dysregulation of the Interferon type I (IFN-I) production. By expression of the mutants into cell lines we observed that the co-expression of the RELA wild type and mutant forms were required to activate the IFNb promoter. These results suggest that the mutant RELA is hijacking the WT RELA towards the interferon promoter, leading to an unregulated production of type-I IFN which is therefore the initial event of the SLE onset in these patients. Upregulation of the type I IFN as well as type II IFN has also been found in a patient with IPEX-like syndrome, where no mutation on FOXP3 has been identified. We identified a de novo mutation in RELB, the transcriptional factor of the non-canonical NF-kB pathway, localized in the transactivation domain of the gene, important for its transcriptional activity. First functional assays show that the mutation acts like a gain of function. Gain of function mutations of RELB has been associated with non-Hodgkin lymphomas, rather than autoimmunity. Moreover, the RNA sequencing performed on the cells of the patient shows a cross-link between canonical and non-canonical NF-kB pathway. In conclusion, the aim of this thesis was to describe the role of the NFkB pathway in autoimmune diseases and the crosstalk between this important pathway and type I and II IFN
Devidal, Audrey. "Mécanismes et fonctions du ciblage centrométrique de NF-E2p18/MafK, sous-unité du facteur transcriptionnel érythroide NF-E2." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077133.
Full textPradeau, Karine. "Réactivation de l'herpèsvirus humain de type 6 (HHV-6) : outils de détection et mécanismes moléculaires." Limoges, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIMO0027.
Full textHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a widespread virus that remains for life in a latent state after primary infection. But HHV-6 may reactivate, producing many infectious particles. This reactivation seems harmless in healthy subject, but can be very serious in various contexts of immunosuppression, such as organ transplant recipients. Actually, the mechanisms allowing the maintenance of latency or contrary those involving the reactivation are unknown. The objective of this work was double. In the fist time, molecular methods to detect HHV-6 multiplication were developed: a real time quantitative PCR method and a RT-PCR assay allowing the detection of viral mRNAs associated with HHV-6 replication were carried out. In order to test these detection techniques in a context of reactivation, they were applied to blood samples from transplanted patients. The two methods were proved to be effective to highlight the reactivation of HHV-6. Then in the second time, the effect of NF-κB transcription factor on immediate early genes transcription of HHV-6 was investigated. For this purpose, a NF-κB super-repressor (IκBαMut) was transfected in cells permissive to HHV-6 growth. By inhibiting the canonical pathway of NF-κB induction, a reduction in the replication of the virus, demonstrated by a decrease in viral mRNA transcription using a quantitative RT-PCR method and by a reduction in the number of infected cells using an immunofluorescence assay, was observed. Thus an important role for NF-κB transcription factor in the multiplication of virus HHV-6 was shown
Ennen, Marie. "Mise en évidence d'une relation entre la protéine Damaged DNA-Binding 2 et le facteur de transcription NF-kB : conséquences sur les capacités migratrices et invasives des tumeurs mammaires." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878985.
Full textKanjo, Ghaidaa. "Influence de Toxoplasma Gondii dans la régulation d'UHRF1 via la voie NF-KB." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ068/document.
Full textT.gondii interferes with the activation of NF-kB signaling pathways. Thus, upon infection by T.gondii, 85% of genes NF-kB-dependent are up-regulated. Another transcription factor whose expression is modulated by the parasite is UHRF1 (Ubiquitin-like, Containing PHD and RINGfinger domains, 1). UHRF1, bind to the gene promoter of cyclin b and induces epigenetic repression of this gene leading to cell cycle arrest in G2 phase of infected cells and stop the proliferation in both infected cells and parasite. In silico analysis of the uhrf1 gene promoter has been shown to possess 9 binding sites of NF-kB. Our study showed that NF-kB actually interacts with the promoter of gene uhrf1 during infection with T. gondii. This suggests that the expression of UHRF1 is modulated by NF-kB in T. gondii-infected cells. In addition we observed differential regulation of UHRF1 depending on the nature of the infecting strain. These variations may also be due to already well-known differential regulation of NF-kB by different strains of T.gondii. Determining the precise role of UHRF1 activation in infected cells and the identification of the parasitic factor responsible of this activation would allow to a better understanding of the mechanisms of intracellular persistence of the parasite and allow to unravel new therapeutic trails
Tadlaoui, Hbibi Ali. "Détection de facteurs de transcription actifs dans le cancer colorectal et inhibition spécifique de leur activité par des oligonucléotides leurres : applications à STAT3 et NF-kB." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132023.
Full textThe important role of transcription factors such as STAT3 and Nf-kB in biological processes, and their involvement in oncogenesis, justifies the numerous studies on these factors. To inhibit and control their activities appears to be promising therapeutic approach. Firstly, we have shown that STAT3 is constitutively activated in colon cancer and is associated with histopronostics features. In secondly, we inhibited the transcription factors STAT3 and NF-kB in cancer cell lines, we using decoy oligonucleotide containing the consensus target ssequences of these two factors. The decoy oligonucleotides induce the death of a cell line of colon cancer (SW480), however, the decoy ODN of STAT3 was found to interact with STAT1 and prevent IFNy action. Thus, it's of interest to inhibit transcription factors in tumor cells but specific issues are not resolved
Zemirli, Naïma. "Le rôle de l’ubiquitination et des endomembranes dans l’activation du facteur de transcription NF-κB." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T068/document.
Full textThe transcription factor NF-κB regulates the expression of several genes implicated in various physiological processes such as cell proliferation and survival, inflammation and immune responses. Dysregulation of its activation is involved in diverse pathologies such as cancer and auto-immune diseases. Following the engagement of immunoreceptors, NF-κB signaling requires a large signalosome assembly containing different adaptor proteins. These adaptors undergo poly-ubiquitinylation in a non-degradative manner, which is essential for signal transduction. We demonstrated in previous work that these ubiquitinylated proteins accumulate at the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via a reticular protein called “Methaderin” (MTDH). Furthermore, our results suggest that ubiquitinylation is a necessary prerequisite for protein addressing to the ER. To evaluate the contribution of E3 ubiquitin ligases in this process we performed a screen of a siRNA bank, targeting the 46 human transmembrane E3 ligases, using the TNF receptor signaling as a model. This screen enabled the identification of RNF121, a Golgi E3 ligase, as a positive regulator of NF-κB. Although the mechanism by witch RNF121 acts is not yet elucidated, our data suggest that it acts on the regulation of NF-κB inhibitor (IκBα). In the second part of this thesis, we investigated mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles; their shape is maintained due to a balance between two antagonist processes called: fusion and fission. It is known that moderate stress triggers mitochondrial hyperfusion, this process is called: SIMH (Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Hyperfusion). During this thesis, we demonstrated that SIMH is accompanied by NF-κB activation through the mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MULAN. Our results suggest that during SIMH, MULAN forms a complex with the protein TRAF2 and modulates its ubiquitinylation to allow NF-κB signaling transduction. This work shows that, through their dynamics, mitochondria convert stress signals into a prosurvival response via NF-κB activation.In summary, our results illustrate the complexity of the ubiquitin-dependant regulation of NF-κB and attribute a new role in signaling transduction to the organelles
Lepsch, Lucília Brochado. "Toxicidade causada pela cocaína in vitro: participação da via dopaminérgica e do fator de transcrição NF-kB." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-03102008-135744/.
Full textCocaine is a drug deeply used and its abuse is associated with physical, psychiatric and social problems. Abnormalities in newly born have been demonstrated due to the toxics effects of cocaine during fetal development. The mechanism by which cocaine causes neurological damages is very complex and involves interactions of the drug with several neurotransmitter systems, such as the increase of extracellular levels of dopamine and free radicals, and modulation of transcription factors. In this study we investigated the cocaine toxicity in striatum and mesencephalic primary cultures, and dopaminergic cells (PC 12). We observed that cocaine exposure causes death to these cells. In the mesencephalic primary culture, the cellular death was blunted by superoxide dismutase (SOD) pretreatment. Cocaine exposure also induced inhibition of neurite lengthening in these primary cultures. In PC 12 cells, cocaine activated the transcription factors NFkB and CREB (after 6 hours), which regulate genes involved in cellular death. GBR 12909, an inhibitor of dopamine reuptake; lidocaine, a local anesthetic; and dopamine did not activate NFkB as cocaine did, however, the attenuation of NFkB activity after the pretreatment of the cells with SCH 23390, a D1 receptor antagonist, suggests that the activation of NFkB by cocaine is, at least partially, due to activation of D1 receptors. NFkB seems to have a protective role in these cells, because its inhibition with PDTC and Sodium Salicilate increased cellular death caused by cocaine. The increase in BDNF RNAm, can also be related to the protective role of this transcription factor. The decrease in Bcl-2, the increase in caspase 3 activity, and the increase in caspase 3 cleavage suggest that apoptose participates in the development of cocaineinduced cell death. The understanding of the mechanisms by which cocaine induces cell death in the brain will contribute to the development of new therapies for drug abusers, which can help the interruption of the progress of degenerative processes.
Accaoui-Perrin, Marie-José. "Rôle et régulation de la gamma-glutamyltransferase humaine au cours du stress oxydant : implication des facteurs de transcription NF-kB et AP-1." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN12003.
Full textCarpenter, Oliver L. "Ultraviolet Light-Induced Regulation of Transcription and Translation, COX-2 Expression and Noncanonical NF-κB Activation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1382624015.
Full textNaudeau, Loreleï. "Identification des mécanismes du facteur de transcription NFAT5 impliqués dans la migration des carcinomes mammaires." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077019.
Full textBreast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. In most cases, lethality is caused by the ability of cancer cells originating from the primary tumor to colonize distant organs in a process called metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the migration and invasion properties of cancer cells is crucial to block this fatal breast cancer progression. The NFAT family of transcription factors, in particular the pro-migratory factor NFAT5, is capable of regulating breast carcinoma motility. The aim of my research was to initiate the identification of previously unknown mechanisms involved in NFAT5 migration. In this way, I demonstrate that NFATS plays a key rote in both the production and the function of TGFb1 and ROS, which cooperate to modulate the NFAT5-dependent migration in triple negative breast carcinoma. To increase ROS production, I show that NFAT5 positively regulates target genes involved in the oxidative response, NCF2 and ATF3, which are central for NFAT5-dependent migration. Our study also reveals a partnership between NFAT5 and the NF-KB transcription factor family that is important in cancer cells motility. I demonstrate a physical interaction between NFAT5 and the p65 subunit, and the critical function of the NF-kB pathway in NFAT5 migration. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that NCF2, ATF3 and TGFb1 might be co-regulated by an NFAT5-NF-kB heterodimeric complex. Future studies will involve extending these significant findings in vivo using murine models and primary patient tumor samples. Our work paves the way for the identification of new potential prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers
Calao, Miriam. "Role of IkB kinase (IKK) complex post-translational modifications in NF-kB signaling and therapeutic applications for the treatment of HIV-1 infection." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210318.
Full textCertains virus utilisent la voie de signalisation NF-κB afin de promouvoir leur propre réplication. C’est le cas du virus HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1), qui contient dans son promoteur deux sites de liaison pour NF-κB. Notre laboratoire a précédemment montré que l’utilisation du TNFα en combinaison avec la TSA, active l’expression virale de manière synergique. L’administration combinée d’un activateur du facteur NF-κB et d’un inhibiteur de désacétylases pourrait, en présence d’une thérapie anti-HIV-1 efficace, être envisagée dans le but d’éliminer les cellules réservoirs infectées de manière latente. L’utilisation thérapeutique du TNFα ou de la TSA étant inenvisageable en raison de leur toxicité, nous avons étudié l’effet d’autres substances ayant un plus grand potentiel thérapeutique et nous avons apporté une preuve de principe du potentiel thérapeutique de la coadministration de plusieurs activateurs viraux (inhibiteurs de HDACs[HDACIs]+inducteurs de la voie NF-κB) pour réduire le pool des réservoirs cellulaires infectés de manière latente.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Quivy, Vincent. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires de sortie hors de la latence du virus HIV-1: activation transcriptionnelle par des inhibiteurs de désacétylases en synergie avec le facteur de transcription NF-kB." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211394.
Full textLecine, Patrick. "Contrôle transcriptionnel du gène CD25/IL-2R(alpha) humain : mécanisme biphasique impliquant les familles de facteurs de transcription Rel/NF-kB, SRF, Stat et Ets." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22083.
Full textHatchi, Emeline. "Caractérisation des processus d'ubiquitination régulant le facteur de transcription NF-kappaB au cours de l’activation lymphocytaire Rôle de l’E3 ligase TRIM13 et de la déubiquitinase USP34." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T040/document.
Full textThe transcription factor NF-KappaB plays a critical role in the development, homeostasis, the survival of the immune system, but also in the propagation of certain lymphomas. The optimal activation of NF-KappaB in response to the engagement of many immunoreceptors rely on the implementation of large signalosomes where specific adaptors are recruited and poly-Ubiquitinylated in a non-Degradative manner. In response to proinflammatory cytokines or activation of antigen receptors, these Ubiquitinylated adaptors accumulate on the cytoplasmic leaflet of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the ER protein metadherin (MTDH) providing NF-KappaB signal propagation . However, the nature of the E3 ligases responsible for relaying NF-KappaB in intracellular organelles remains unknown. This is why I made the screen ingby bioluminescence of a library of siRNAs targeting the 46 human ubiquitin E3 ligases provided with a transmembrane domain that anchor them at different cellular compartments to study their impact on the NF-KappaB activation in response to antigenic stimulation in immortalized T lymphocytes Jurkat. We identified the ER-Protein TRIM13 as a positive regulator of NF-KappaB signaling. Our data suggest a model in which TRIM13 regulates the activation of NF-KappaB activation by modulating independently two key members of the NF-KappaB family during lymphocyte activation, RelA (p65) and c-Rel. In this thesis, I also participated in the screening of a library of siRNAs targeting the 98 deubiquitinases (DUBs) encoded by the human genome to identify those in charge of the reset of the system to basal state. This screen allowed the characterization of the ubiquitin-Specific protease USP34 (ubiquitin specific protease 34). The reduction of endogenous levels of USP34 potentiates the activation of NF-KappaB in response to engagement of the antigen receptor or T receptor antagonists and enhances NF-KappaB DNA binding. Collectively, these results suggest that USP34 is a new player involved in the negative regulation of NF-KappaB. These results illustrate the importance of reversible ubiquitination process in the regulation of the NF-KappaB signaling and introduce genetic screens as an effective tool to identify regulators of diverse biological processes
Duhéron, Vincent. "Hair and epidermal renewal by the receptor activator of NF-kappaB." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6154.
Full textThoma, Martine. "Role of IkappaB/NF-kappaB signalling pathways in the immune response of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2009/THOMA_Martine_2009.pdf.
Full textIMBERT, VERONIQUE. "L'activation des lymphocytes t : de la membrane au noyau, un reseau complexe d'interactions fonctionnelles entre les tyrosine kinases et les tyrosine phosphatases. un nouveau mecanisme de regulation du facteur de transcription nf-kb." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE4956.
Full textBourgarel-Rey, Véronique. "Microtubules et transduction du signal : étude des effets des agents anti-microtubules sur la régulation de l'oncogène c-myc." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/PHA_2000_1538.pdf.
Full textChéreau, Fanny. "ABIN-2, un nouvel activateur de NF-kappaB en réponse aux agents génotoxiques : implication de la poly-ubiquitination." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077004.
Full textNF-kappaB transcription factors are regulated through different pathways but they all converge at the level of thé IKK complex, which is composed of two catalytic subunits IKKalpha and IKKbeta and a regulatory subunit NEMO. Even though the function of each subunit has been studied, the specific role of IKKalpha and its regulation remain poorly elucidated. In particular, the IKKalpha -interacting proteins involved in the regulation of its activity are poorly characterized. In our group, ABIN-2 has been identified as an interacting partner of IKKalpha by a proteomic approach and my Ph. D. Research project aimed to characterize the specific role of ABIN-2 in the regulation of IKKalpha -mediated NF-kappaB activation. I demonstrated that ABIN-2 is required for NF-kappaB activation as a late response to TNFalpha and genotoxic stress stimulation, through the activation of IKKalpha. In addition, we studied two structural domains of ABIN-2, named UBAN and ZF and showed by mutational analysis that these domains are essential for optimal NF-kappaB activation mediated by IKKalpha. Moreover, I showed that these domains are necessary for ABIN-2 to recognize K63-linked and linear poly-ubiquitin chains as well as for nondegradative K63-linked poly-ubiquitination of ABIN-2 itself. These results suggest that ABIN-2 poly-ubiquitination altogether with ABIN-2 binding to poly-ubiquitinated partners are necessary to activate IKKalpha and subsequently NF-kappaB
ENGLARO, WALTER. "Role des map kinases et du facteur de transcription nf-kappa b dans la regulation de la melanogenese." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE5169.
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