Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Facteur sigma'
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Potvin, Éric. "Génomique fonctionnelle de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et analyse moléculaire fine d'un facteur sigma-anti-sigma." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24237/24237.pdf.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients (CF). To overcome innate self defense, P. aeruginosa possesses a wide arsenal of virulence factors. These include degradation enzymes such as proteases, lipases and phospholipases and the production of three specific toxins: exotoxin A and exoenzymes S and T. Sequencing of the complete P. aeruginosa chromosome (strain PAO1) of 6.3 Mb revealed a highly regulated and complex genomic organization. In order to better understand host-pathogen molecular interactions, we developped a new signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) approach based on PCR screening. The PCR-based STM technology lead to the identification of 214 mutants deficient in their ability to maintain a chronic pulmonary infection in the rat lung. In that pool of STM mutants, STM2895, which contains a transposon insertion in functional PA2895, was the most frequently drafted during the whole mutant library screening. Phenotypic analyses of the STM2895 strain allowed us to identify an exoprotease production defect as compared with wild type strain PAO1. The biochemical characterization of that proteolytic default using specific degradation assays combined with western blotting revealed that at least two (LasA and LasB) of the four major exoproteases from P. aeruginosa STM2895 strain are inactive. In fact, LasA and LasB elastases were shown to be present in the STM2895 culture supernatant, correctly processed but inactive due to a probable misfolding of proteins. The PA2895 gene (unknown function) encodes a protein with a predicted transmembrane domain. Basic genomic context analyses strongly suggest a cotranscription unit with the downstream gene PA2896, a putative sigma 70 factor from ECF (extracytoplasmic function) type. Microarray experiments on the STM2895 strain and an insertional mutant of the PA2896 gene were performed to establish a link between the putative PA2895-PA2896 operon and the metabolism of iron. Transcriptome analysis also demonstrated a repressive action of PA2895 on the transcription of PA2896 putative sigma factor. Finally, in vivo studies in the rat lung chronic infection model clearly showed a ten-fold decrease in survival capacity of the mutant strain when compared to the PAO1 wild-type strain.
Potvin, Eric. "Génomique fonctionnelle de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et analyse moléculaire fine d'un facteur sigma-anti-sigma." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19067.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients (CF). To overcome innate self defense, P. aeruginosa possesses a wide arsenal of virulence factors. These include degradation enzymes such as proteases, lipases and phospholipases and the production of three specific toxins: exotoxin A and exoenzymes S and T. Sequencing of the complete P. aeruginosa chromosome (strain PAO1) of 6.3 Mb revealed a highly regulated and complex genomic organization. In order to better understand host-pathogen molecular interactions, we developped a new signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) approach based on PCR screening. The PCR-based STM technology lead to the identification of 214 mutants deficient in their ability to maintain a chronic pulmonary infection in the rat lung. In that pool of STM mutants, STM2895, which contains a transposon insertion in functional PA2895, was the most frequently drafted during the whole mutant library screening. Phenotypic analyses of the STM2895 strain allowed us to identify an exoprotease production defect as compared with wild type strain PAO1. The biochemical characterization of that proteolytic default using specific degradation assays combined with western blotting revealed that at least two (LasA and LasB) of the four major exoproteases from P. aeruginosa STM2895 strain are inactive. In fact, LasA and LasB elastases were shown to be present in the STM2895 culture supernatant, correctly processed but inactive due to a probable misfolding of proteins. The PA2895 gene (unknown function) encodes a protein with a predicted transmembrane domain. Basic genomic context analyses strongly suggest a cotranscription unit with the downstream gene PA2896, a putative sigma 70 factor from ECF (extracytoplasmic function) type. Microarray experiments on the STM2895 strain and an insertional mutant of the PA2896 gene were performed to establish a link between the putative PA2895-PA2896 operon and the metabolism of iron. Transcriptome analysis also demonstrated a repressive action of PA2895 on the transcription of PA2896 putative sigma factor. Finally, in vivo studies in the rat lung chronic infection model clearly showed a ten-fold decrease in survival capacity of the mutant strain when compared to the PAO1 wild-type strain.
Vingadassalom, Didier. "Etude fonctionnelle du facteur sigma principal de Bacteroides fragilis." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066224.
Full textFavory, Jean-Jacques. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de SIG4, facteur de type sigma, chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10131.
Full textThe plastid genome is transcribed by three different RNA polymerases. Two of them, named NEP (Nuclear Encoded RNA Polymerase), are monomeric, phage-like and nuclear encoded, whereas the third one named PEP (Platid Encoded RNA Polymerase) is of prokaryotic-type, multimeric and encoded by the plasride rpo genes. These genes encode all the subunits of the core enzyme, which is unable to initiate transcription specifically. Specificity is brough by sigma-like factors which can bind the core enzyme and recognize consensus sequences in the nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. The goal of this work is to determine the function of one of them, SIG4. In this study, we confirmed the predicted plastid localization of this sigma-like factor and we showed that its expression occurs in photosynthetically-active tissues. To investigate the role of this plant sigma factor, we isolated a T-DNA insertion mutant sig4-1. Platis genome transcription, as analyzed by DNA microarray, revealed that a few plastid genes were down regulated. Precursor RNA of three of one of the NAD(P)H-dehydrogenase (NDH) subunits, is rather impaired in the sig4-1 mutant. The putative trabscription start site in preceded by a prokaryotic-type promoter which should be responsible for the specific initiation of the transcription of this gene mediated by SIG4. The characterization of a double sig4-1 x sig2 mutant indicates that SIG2 cannot replace Sl
PENE, CAROLE. "Roles du facteur anti-sigma asia au cours du developpement du bacteriophage t4." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066393.
Full textKint, Nicolas. "Rôle du facteur sigma alternatif, SigmaB, dans la réponse aux stress chez l’entéropathogène Clostridium difficile au cours de son cycle infectieux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC120.
Full textClostridium difficile is a tram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forcing bacterium. This enteropathogen is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and of pseudomembranous colitis, a potentially lethal disease. After germination, vegetative cells encounter different stresses such as pH variations and hyperosmolarity as well as antimicrobial peptides. Moreover, the production of toxins triggers an important inflammation process leading to the production of several antimicrobial compounds such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species. The presence of these different stresses suggests that C. difficile has developed some mechanisms of detection, protection and detoxification. In the firmicutes, several of these mechanisms are controlled by the alternative sigma factor involved in the general stress response, SigB. Interestingly, genes encoding SigB and its regulators (RsbV and RsbW) are present in the genome of C. difficile, however less is known about the role of a general stress response in this bacterium. We constructed a sigB mutant and we showed that sigB inactivation does not lead to a growth defect. Using a transcriptomic analysis, we showed that SigB controls around 20% of the genes of C. difficile at the onset of the stationary phase. SigB negatively controls the sporulation process. SigB positively controls several genes encoding surface associated proteins likely involved in the adhesion to the host cells. SigB plays a crucial role in the stress management including several stresses C. difficile likely encounter during its infectious cycle. Indeed, the sigB mutant is more sentsitive to low pH, to some antimicrobial compounds, to ROS, to several NO-donor compounds as well as to low oxygen tension. The signaling pathway involved in the activation of SigB has been studied in the PhD project. The sigB gene is the last gene of an operon in which belong CD0007 and CD0008, encoding town unknown function proteins, as well as rsbV and rsbW, encoding the anti-anti-sigma factor and the anti-sigma factor of SigB, respectively. Interestingly, contrary to the other firmicutes, the expression of sigB does not seem to be auto-regulated. Protein interactions between RsbV and RsbW as well as RsbW and SigB, involved in the activation of SigB, are present in C. difficile. The disruption of rsbV leads to a higher sensitivity to NO-donor compounds as well as low oxygen tension. These results are in agreement with the decreased expression of several SigB target genes in the rsbV mutant. The phosphatase involved in the activation of SigB, likely by dephosphorylating RsbV, has been identified and disrupted. The disruption of CD2685, encoding this phosphatase, leads to a higher sensitivity to NO-donor compounds as well as a lower tolerance to low oxygen tension, in agreement with its involvement in the SigB activation pathway. The activity of SigB increased after an energetic starvation. Indeed, the expression of SigB target genes are increased in a SigB and CD2685 dependent manner at the onset of the stationary phase or after CCCP exposure, a compound decreasing the intracellular level of ATP. This work allows to show a crucial role of SigB and its activation pathway during the infection notably in the protection and the detoxification of the major stresses C. difficile is likely to encounter in the gut
Bougdour, Alexandre. "Régulation de l'activité du facteur Sigma S par la protéine Crl chez Escherichia coli." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10095.
Full textThe alternative sigma factor RpoS of Escherichia regulates the expression of genes involved in the adaptation to stationary phase and more general stress. RpoS is also required for the transcription of the cryptic genes csgBA that encode the subunits os the curli proteins. The expression of the csgBA genes is regulated in response to a multitude of physiological signals. In stationary phase, thes genes are transcribed by the sigma factor RpoS and the expression of the operon is enhanced by the small protein Crl. Crl stimulates the activity of RpoS, leading to an increased transcription rate of a subset of genes of the rpoS regulon in stationary phase. However the underlying molecilar mechanism has remained elusive. We show here that Crl interacts directly with RpoS and that this interaction promotes binding of the RpoS-holoenzyme to the csgBA promoter. Expression of Crl is increased during the transistion from growing to stationary phase. Crl accumulates in stationary phase cells at low temperature (30°C), but not at 37°C. We therefore propose that Crl is a second thermosensor, besides DsrA, controlling RpoS-activity
Beaucher, Jocelyn. "Étude in vitro de la régulation post-traductionnelle du facteur sigma F de mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5046.
Full textRaffestin, Stéphanie. "Régulation de la toxinogenèse chez Clostridium botulinum et Clostridium tetani." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077044.
Full textGardan, Rozenn. "Controle de l'utilisation de l'arginine chez bacillus subtilis par l'activateur rocr et le facteur sigma 54." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077207.
Full textKOWARZ, LAURENCE. "Regulation de l'expression des genes de virulence plasmidiques spv de salmonella typhimurium : role du facteur sigma s(#s)." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066678.
Full textBouillet, Sophie. "Che1, un nouveau système de transduction du signal régule post-traductionnellement le facteur sigma S chez Shewanella oneidensis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0454.
Full textShewanella oneidensis colonizes aquatic environments and possesses thus a great ability to adapt to changing environment. My thesis focused on the study of the chemosensory system Che1. We demonstrated that it is involved in the general stress responses of this bacterium.The che1 operon comprises genes coding for proteins involved in chemotaxis including the histidine kinase CheA1, two chemoreceptors and also a response regulator CheY1. Two additional genes code for atypical proteins: SO2119 (called CrsR), a three-domain protein composed of a receiver domain, a serine phosphatase domain and a serine kinase - anti-σ factor domain and SO2118 (called CrsA) that has homologies with anti-σ factor antagonists.During my thesis, I demonstrated that these proteins are part of a partner-switching module that can sequestrate or release the general stress responses factor σS. Furthermore, I also showed that CrsR allows the protection of its partner σS and thus enables a rapid stress adaptation of the bacterium. Based on bioinformatics analyses, I established that this module is widespread among γ-proteobacteria. An in-depth study demonstrated that the homolog of this partner-switching system is also involved in the regulation of σS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, I showed that this partner-switching module belongs to the chemosensory system Che1 in S. oneidensis
Duchesne, Rachel. "Rôles du facteur sigma à fonction extracytoplasmique SigX dans l'adaptation, la formation de biofilm et la réponse à des stress de l'enveloppe chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR005/document.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen causing many infectious diseases in immunocompromised patients. Widely studied because of its involvement in lung infections of cysticfibrosis suffering patients, this bacterium is a major public health challenge. P. aeruginosa persistence is largely due to its ability to adopt a multicellular lifestyle called biofilm. P. aeruginosa genome encodes numerous genes predicted to be involved in signal transduction allowing this bacterium to adapt to many environments. Among these systems, the extracytoplasmic function sigma factors, which are transitory subunits of the RNA polymerase, are of major importance for stress resistance and adaptation. SigX is an ECF sigma factor that has been involved in virulence, biofilm formation and in short chain fatty acidsbiosynthesis. This work led to precise the cellular functions of SigX. We have shown that SigX is of major importance for membrane homeostasis, including composition, fluidity and permeability. As a consequence, SigX was shown to be involved in P. aeruginosa metabolism. SigX activity is enhanced in conditions leading to a cell wall stress, as the lack of the major outer membrane porin OprF, high concentrations of sucrose or sublethal concentration of tobramycin, suggesting that this ECF, as AlgU,is a new cell wall stress responsive sigma factor. Remarkably, some alterations could induce biofilm formation, a phenotype involving at least partially SigX. The molecular mechanisms leading to SigX activity should now be deciphered and the role of this ECF in biofilm formation should be precised
Da, Re Sandra. "Etude du mécanisme d'action de l'activateur transcriptionnel FixJ : relations entre le domaine régulateur, le domaine activateur et l'ARN polymérase." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30004.
Full textTortuel, Damien. "Vers la compréhension du rôle de SigX dans la réponse au stress de l'enveloppe chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pf4 phage infection induces SOS and cell envelope stress responses in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pf4 phage infection reduced virulence-associated phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa The temperature-regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cmaX-cfrX-cmpX operon reveals an intriguing molecular network involving the sigma factors AlgU and SigX." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR002.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is a very resistant opportunistic pathogen, for which it is critical to find new therapies. This bacterium easily adapts to its environment, through its large genome and proportion of regulators allowing a very fine regulation of its genes. The cell wall is the first barrier in contact with environment, and therefore represents a very important place ofexchange. The cell wall thus represents an interesting potential therapeutic target. SigX is an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor, responding to cell wall stresses detected by the bacterium, but the precise stimulus remains to discover. This sigma factor could be part of a new atypical signal transduction system that could couple SigX with a mechanosensitive channel. This work has led to the discovery of three new sigX activating conditions, which are Pf4 phage infection, loss of the CmpX mechanosensitive channel, and cold shock. These conditions seem to cause strong perturbations and an increase in membrane stiffness that could be the activating stimulus of SigX. This work has led to a better understanding of the activating condition of SigX, and to the clarification of the cellular and regulatory functions of the SigXCfrX-CmpX system members, highlighting the involvement of a mechanosensitive channel in the physiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bleibtreu, Alexandre. "Rôle des capacités de croissance et de la résistance aux stress dans la virulence extra intestinale d’Escherichia coli : de l’espèce au clone." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077244.
Full textThroughout long evolutionary time, we showed that at the species level the extra intestinal virulence is essentially explained by the number of virulence genes. Using a new collection, collected during the thesis, we have shown that mutations in the rpoS gene are essentially laboratory-acquired and the evolutionary history of rpoS is subjected to a pressure of purifying selection, that it respects the phylogeny of the species and that it follows a "source and sink" model. Moreover, the mode of acquisition is important. Strains responsible for pediatric community-acquired infections showed higher growth capacities officials pediatric nosocomial infection strains. We also showed that the ST131 clone had particularly high growth capacity may explain its spread in the community. In short evolutionary time, we studied vine isolates from a patient during a peritonitis with genetic and phenotypic microheterogeneity and different levels of RpoS. RpoS allele did not affect virulence. So it seems that across evolutionary time short growth capacities are predominant in the variations in virulence observed. Inactivation of virulence offset by increased resilience to stress must confer selective advantages in the unique : environment that is the peritoneal cavity during peritonitis E. Coli. Finally, data from the sequencing of complete genomes of isolates will better understand the mechanisms of microdiversité and its relationship with virulence
GANSEL, XAVIER. "Identification, isolement, clonage et sequencage du gene codant pour le facteur sigma majeur de lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis ncdo 763 (ml3)." Caen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CAEN2027.
Full textGicquel, Gwendoline. "Rôles de la porine OprF dans l'adaptation à l'environnement et implication du facteur sigma SigX dans la régulation de son expression chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES038.
Full textThe functions of the major outer membrane porin OprF and the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor SigX were studied in P. Aeruginosa, with regards to virulence and adaptation to environment. Based on a transcriptomic analysis, a sigX mutant was shown to be altered in the expression of 307 genes, suggesting that SigX may be a master regulator in P. Aeruginosa. According to the array data, this mutant was affected in motility, adhesion on biotic and abiotic surfaces and biofilm formation. This mutant was also altered in iron scavenging, as well as in many secretion systems and factors production, suggesting that SigX could be involved in virulence. Consistently, a sigX mutant displayed reduced virulence on the Caenorhabditis elegans model, making thus SigX as a potential sigma factor involved in virulence traits. Using a strategy based on transcriptionnal fusions, we then demontrated that SigX is the main sigma factor involved in oprF transcription, AlgU displaying only marginal effects. The expression of SigX may be increased in response to a cell envelope stress. However, its activity increased only in LB containing high sucrose concentration, independently of a hyper-osmolar effect. Finally, a multiphenotypic study, aiming to better understand OprF functions, was conducted and showed a role for OprF in motility and biofilm formation. While an oprF mutant was affected in rhamnolipids production, it conversely overproduced exopolysaccharides, this latter phenotype being restored by artificially lowering the intracellular c-di-GMP level. Taken together, our data suggest that SigX and OprF might have function in the cell envelope stress response
Espinasse, Sylvain. "Les composés insecticides sécrétés par Bacillus thuringiensis : implication d'un facteur sigma de type ECF dans la production de la beta-exotoxine I." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066126.
Full textMalki, Idir. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine HasS, un facteur anti-sigma impliqué dans la régulation de l'acquisition de l'hème chez Serratia marcescens." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066248.
Full textIron uptake systems in gram-negative bacteria are generally tightly regulated by iron intracellular concentration. Some of them are also controlled by a transmembrane signaling. Three specific proteins are involved in the latter process : the outer membrane receptor and the ECF (extracytoplasmic function) sigma and antisigma factors. The data about these proteins and of their molecular interactions are sparse and the mechanisms governing this transmembrane signalisation are not understood. We present here the results of the study of the transmembrane signaling in the Has system (heme acquisition system) of Serratia marcescens. We focused on the interaction between the periplasmic domain of the receptor HasR and the ECF anti-sigma factor HasS, two proteins controlling the first step of this signaling process. We carried out structural and functional studies of these protiens. We solved the structure of the periplasmic domain of HasR by NMR and determined which of its residues were involved in the transmembrane signaling. We produced, for the fisrt time, the periplasmic domain of HasS and carried out its characterized regarding its structural features and its interaction with the periplasmic domain of HasR
Graindorge, Arnault. "Le clone épidémique "Bourg-en-Bresse" de l’espèce Burkholderia cenocepacia : origine, positionnement phylétique et phénomènes génétiques liés à son émergence." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10217/document.
Full textThe Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) comprises 17 species found in lung infections of individuals with cystic fibrosis. The bacteria of this complex are present in the soil, the rhizosphere of field crops, wastewater and may also be encountered in nosocomial infections. In France, the B. multivorans and B. cenocepacia species are the major species in infections of cystic fibrosis patients. Various epidemic clones have been described within the B. cenocepacia species whose ET12 clone associated with "cepacia syndrome". In 2004, a nosocomial outbreak involving a clone of Bcc occurred in a French hospital. During this outbreak, origin of this clone (B&B clone), its classification within the Bcc and several genetic events associated with its emergence have been studied. These investigations have identified this clone as belonging to the species B. cenocepacia with a strong proximity with the ET12 lineage. The study of transcriptional factors of σ70 family within the Bcc has revealed a similar genetic structure between the ET12 lineage and this clone, but different from that observed in other species of Bcc. Analysis of genetic elements repeated family of insertion sequences (IS), however, allowed to observe a distinct genomic organization of the ET12 lineage. It has been linked to phenomen of genetic instability including acquisition of mobile genetic elements like genomic island (GI). All of this work has helped to characterize a set of genetic events may explain the emergence of epidemic clones such as clone B&B
Noguès, Aurélie. "Résistance adaptative aux polymyxines chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3006.
Full textResistance to polymyxins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves the addition of 4-amino-L-arabinose (Ara4N) to LPS phosphates, thanks to an enzymatic modification due to the operon named arnBCADTEF-ugD (arn) whose expression is activated by at least 6 two component regulatory Systems (TCS). We demonstrated that P. aeruginosa was able to resist in a transient way to high concentrations of polymyxins (8x MIC) in vitro and in vivo in a mice lung infection model. Arn operon deletion in the wild type strain did not modify the ability to adapt to polymyxins. In order to identify gènes involved in adaptive resistance, we performed RNA-seq transcriptomes of quintuple mutant PAO\lux-Aaw-ATCS exposed to different concentrations of colistin or non exposed. Two new mechanisms were identified. The first one is based upon mmsAB operon encoding fatty acid catabolism enzymes and the second one is due to the sigma factor AlgU. Only the deletions of algW%enz involved in AlgU activation and arn, mmsAB, pmrAB, parRS, phoPQ and cprRS operons completely abolished the adaptive process. We also demonstrated the role of outer membrane vesicles in the sequestration of colistin whose production is regulated by AlgU and PQS. This study provides knoweldge essential for the design of novel strategies aimed at tackling the adaptive resistance to polymyxins
Graindorge, Arnault. "Le clone épidémique "Bourg-en-Bresse" de l'espèce Burkholderia cenocepacia : origine, positionnement phylétique et phénomènes génétiques liés à son émergence." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586252.
Full textTrepreau, Juliette. "Perception du stress métallique (nickel/cobalt) par le système de signalisation transmembranaire Cnr chez Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656119.
Full textBeraud, Mélanie. "Le locus yciGFE(katN) du régulon sigma S : régulation différentielle chez E.coli et Salmonella par H-NS et le régulateur YncC." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077107.
Full textThe a regulon is set up to allow Enterobacteria to adapt to stationary phase of growth or in response to some stresses. The RNA polymerase subunit sigma S (encoded by rpoS) is a a factor whose expression and activity are tightly regulated and it plays a major role in general stress resistance, biofilm formation and virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Our study deals with the functional characterization of the as regulon. We used the ProteinChip SELDI- TOF technology in order to characterize the proteome of Salmonella mutants, including the yncC mutant. The sigma S- dependent gene yncC is of unkown function and encodes a putative regulatory protein that belongs to the GntR/FadR family of transcriptional regulators. Potential targets for YncC regulation were identified and subsequently validated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. These belong to the sigma S-dependent operon yclGFEkatN, which encodes a catalase and proteins of unknown function. The yclGFEkatN operon is repressed by H-NS, an histone-like protein known to repress the expression of numerous genes, especially horizontally acquired genes. The operon is partially present in Escherichia coli K-12 where it is also regulated by sigma S, YncC and H-NS. However, levels of expression and mechanisms of regulation the operon are different in the two species. This operon has probably been acquired by horizontal gene transfer in both species, but more recently in E. Coli K-12 than in Salmonella. Presumably, the ancestral acquisition of the yciGFEkatN genes in Salmonella has allowed integration of this operon, and tight regulation of its expression, within the sigma S regulatory network
Missailidis, Sotiris. "A structural study of the alternative transcription factor sigma-N(#sigma#'N)." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387577.
Full textChadsey, Meggen Shepherd. "Regulation of the flagellar specific sigma factor, sigma28, of Salmonella typhimurium by the anti-sigma factor FlgM /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11490.
Full textMcGuffie, Bryan A. "A sigma factor and anti-sigma factor that control swarming motility and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467530.
Full textMedical Sciences
Wydau-Dematteis, Sandra. "Etude de deux facteurs sigma secondaires de Lactococcus lactis." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112065.
Full textThe expression of the genes encoding the sigma factors ComX and SigX in Lactococcus lactis differs during growth : the expression peak of comX corresponds at the onset of the stationary phase and the one of sigX takes place in exponential phase. The aim of this work is to understand the role of these sigma factors in Lactococcus lactis. ComX is homologous to sigma inducing the transcription of the late genes of natural competence in several streptococci. L. Lactis is not listed as a natural competent bacterium but its genome includes some genes encoding a potential late system. Two types of ComX (ComXIL and ComXMG) were identified in lactococci that diverge by amino-acid substitutions. The overeexpression of ComXIL allows the induction of the transcription of the late genes. A conserved motif (« cin-box ») is found upstream of these genes and could correspond to the sequence recognised by ComXIL to initiate the transcription. The « cin-box » revealed itself to be very conserved in lactococci, including in the strains with a ComX of type ComXMG. The purification of ComXIL, ComXMG and of the RNA polymerase has been undertaken to study the affinity of the ComX for the « cin-box » and for the RNA polymerase. To identify the regulon controlled by SigX, two approaches are used by comparing two conditions : overexpression or not of sigX. The first approach was the proteomic. This study did not reveal any targets of SigX. The second approach is the transcriptomic. The first results indicate that SigX may control the transcription of genes encoding membrane proteins. This study should lead to the identification of the role of SigX in L. Lactis
Houston, Christopher Wallace. "Analysis of the Bacillus subtilis ECF sigma factor, #sigma#'M and its regulon." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392539.
Full textMorikawa, Kazuya. "Regulation of Plastid Gene Transcription by Sigma Factors and Sigma Factor Binding Proteins." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150743.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第9028号
人博第121号
12||123(吉田南総合図書館)
新制||人||30(附属図書館)
UT51-2001-F358
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科文化・地域環境学専攻
(主査)教授 豊島 喜則, 教授 藤堂 剛, 助教授 瀬戸口 浩彰
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Wigneshweraraj, Siva R. "Structural and functional analysis of the bacterial transcription factor sigma 54 (sigma N)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11957.
Full textHastie, Jessica Lauren. "The activation and response of Bacillus subtilis ECF sigma factor sigma V to lysozyme." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5495.
Full textRodrigue, Sébastien. "Identification de cibles fonctionnelles de facteurs [sigma] chez Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5078.
Full textKiehler, Brittany Elaine. "Changes in Gene Expression Levels of the Ecf Sigma Factor Bov1605 Under Ph Shift and Oxidative Stress in the Sheep Pathogen Brucella Ovis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc177218/.
Full textLavire, Céline. "Modulation des propriétés symbiotiques de Frankia : mécanismes de régulation génétique et métabolisme de l'azote." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10081.
Full textRhayat, Lamya. "Analyse fonctionnelle d'un nouvel anti-sigma retardant les étapes tardives de la sporulation chez Bacillus subtilis." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066219.
Full textWang, Erickson Anna Fifi. "A novel sigma factor antagonist that binds to RNA polymerase." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467489.
Full textMedical Sciences
Torres, Puig Sergi. "Study of a master regulator of recombination in Mycoplasma genitalium." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456208.
Full textMycoplasma genitalium is a small human pathogen that causes non-gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis and several pelvic inflammatory diseases. It bears one of the smallest genomes in an autonomous living organism and, for this reason, it has become a bacterial model for a minimal cell. Moreover, this small pathogen has a singular mechanism for antigenic variation that relies on the homologous recombination between the main adhesins and genomic repeats scattered around the chromosome. Despite that M. genitalium was one of the first microorganisms to be fully sequenced, very little is known of its reduced genetic circuitry and gene regulation. Besides, the regulatory mechanisms controlling the antigenic variation process are obscure notwithstanding it is essential for immune evasion and persistence. In this doctoral thesis, we have studied the role of the MG428 protein (20), which is an alternative sigma factor of this small bacterium. MG428 recognizes a novel promoter sequence and activates transcription of a small regulon composed by genes coding for key recombination enzymes, genes coding for hypothetical proteins and also non-coding regions with unknown function. Moreover, single cell analyses confirmed that activation via 20 only takes place in a small subset of the population at the same time and showed a certain spatial association between 20-activated cells. The activity of this alternative sigma factor is crucial for the recombination capacity displayed by M. genitalium and the generation of genetic variants of the main antigens in this bacterium. In this thesis, we have also focused on the regulation of 20 activity by two uncharacterized proteins, named RrlA and RrlB (recombination regulatory loci). These regulators are under the transcriptional control of MG428 and stabilize 20 protein, allowing the progression of a feed-forward loop required for the activation of the 20 regulon. Mutants of either rrlA or rrlB have similar recombination deficiencies as observed in an MG_428 null mutant. Finally, we have observed an unprecedented horizontal transfer of DNA between two different M. genitalium strains. DNA transfer occurs from a donor cell overexpressing 20 to a recipient cell by means of homologous recombination. Overall, in this doctoral thesis we have shown a novel transcriptional regulator of recombination in M. genitalium that promotes antigenic variation through the activation of transcription of a unique regulon. 20 can also activate an unorthodox horizontal gene transfer system that may play a key role in the evolution and adaptation of these small pathogens.
Leneveu-Jenvrin, Charlène. "Virulence et adaptation à l'environnement de souches de Pseudomonas fluorescens et Pseudomonas mosselii ; contribution à l'étude des conditions d'expression et des fonctions de la protéine TSPO chez P. Fluorescens." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES033.
Full textThis work aims to study the virulence of Pseudomonas mosselii and the role of TSPO protein in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1. P. Mosselii was first isolated and characterized in 2002, from clinical samples of hospitalized patient, but its association with the pathology remains unclear. We found that P. Mosselii ATCC BAA-99 and P. Mosselii MFY161 are cytotoxic towards Caco-2/TC7 cells, have low invasive capacity, and are able to alter the epithelial permeability of differentiated cells and damage the F-actin cytoskeleton. Their behavior resembles that of cytotoxic strains of P. Fluorescens. Moreover, their antibiotic resistance and potential role as shuttles for acquired beta-lactamases resistance suggest that P. Mosselii strains may be more studied. The cytotoxicity of P. Fluorescens Pf 0-1 was also tested and we found it very low in our experimental conditions. However, we were interested to notice that this bacteria possesses a translocator protein (TSPO) which is largely conserved during evolution (Eukarya, Archae and Bacteria), but which role was unknown for this bacteria. Then, our next work consisted in studying the expression of this protein and its potential function(s). We found that tspo is cotranscribed with an hybrid histidine kinase gene (Pfl01_2810) which is situated upstream to the tspo gene. This operon is transiently expressed during the growth of the bacteria in LB medium at 28°C. The transcriptional activity is modified with temperature, null at 18°C and highly increased at 32°C, suggesting a regulation by the sigma factor RpoH, generally activated in response to thermal stress. Hyperosmolarity (NaCl, Sucrose), or D-cycloserin enhanceds the transcriptional activity of the operon, and provoked a parietal stress and regulation of the sigma factor AlgU, via RpoH. Mitochondrial TSPO ligands as cholesterol, involved in membrane fluidity, also favors the expression of tspo, as well as other Eukaryotic ligands as PK11195 or protoporphyrin IX, suggesting a functional conservation between bacterial TSPO from P. Fluorescens Pf0-1 and its Eukaryotic ortholog
Zghidi, Ouafa. "Étude de la fonction du facteur de transcription sigma3 chez arabidopsis thaliana." Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10087.
Full textWe have investigated the function of one of the six plastid sigma-like transcription factors, sigma 3 (SIG3), by analysing two different Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion lines having disrupted SIG3 genes. Hybridization of wild-type and sig3 plant RNA to a plastid specific microarray revealed a strong reduction of the plastid psbN mRNA. The microarray result has been confmned by northem blot analysis. The SIG3-specific promoter region has been localized on the DNA by primer extension and mRNA capping experiments. Results suggest tight regulation of psbN gene expression by a SIG3-PEP holoenzyme. The psbN gene is localized on the opposite strand of the psbB operon, between the psbT and psbH genes, and the SIG3-dependent psbN transcription produces antisense RNA to the psbT-psbH intergenic region. We show that this antisense RNA is not limited to the intergenic region, i. E. It does not terminate at the end of the psbN gene but extends as antisense transcript to cover the whole psbT coding region. Thus, by specific transcription initiation at the psbN gene promoter, SIG3-PEP holoenzyme could also influence the expression of the psbB operon by producing psbT antisense RNA. We have found that transcription of atpH, was also strongly reduced in sig3 mutant plants. Ln addition, a group of other genes also showed a decrease in transcription levels in sig3 plants. Interestingly, aIl these genes belong to two distinct operons, atpA (containing the atpIIHIF / A genes) and atpB (containing the atpBIE genes), and code for subunits of the ATP synthase. We have characterized the 5' extremities of the transcripts coded by the two atp operons by using primer extension technique. Furthermore, in order to determine transcription starts, we have distinguished primary and secondary transcripts by performing S'-RACE in combination with treatment of mRNAs with tobacco acid pyrophosphatase (T AP). We have also identified the transcriptional systems that are involved in synthesis of the atpA and atDB ooeron RNAs. Bv comoaring transcriots in olants that were deficient in either the PEP (bv treatment with spectinomycin, a inhibitor of chloroplast translation) we found that the PEP polymerase is the only responsible for thetranscription ofboth atpA and atpB operons. Further investigations have shown that SIG3 is probably the main sigma factor responsible for the transcription of both Qperons, especially it recognizes the promoter sequences upstream to the atpH and atpB genes. We speculate that SIG3 may coordinate the synthesis ofall the subunits of the ATP synthase in chloroplast
Jervis, Adrian J. "The role of σM, an ECF sigma factor of Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425261.
Full textGaudion, A. E. "The role of the ECF sigma factor SigG in Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1324532/.
Full textGouveia, Nuno Alves Portela Baptista de. "Ergonomia como factor integrante das ferramentas de implementação Lean Six Sigma." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8253.
Full textA filosofia Lean permite aumentar a produtividade através da eliminação de desperdícios, elevando a proporção das actividades que acrescentam valor aos processos. A filosofia Six Sigma, procura identificar os processos críticos com o objectivo de os melhorar. Ambas as filosofias, quando adequadamente implementadas, permitem às organizações tornarem-se mais competitivas. O Lean Six Sigma pretende melhorar o output dos processos, reduzindo o desperdício e a variabilidade destes. A Ergonomia pretende adequar os sistemas ao Homem, não pondo em risco a sua segurança, minimizando a exposição a factores de risco por falta de adaptação ergonómica, obtendo proactivamente um programa de melhoria contínua na fase inicial de qualquer actividade de concepção ou quando ocorrem alterações no fluxo de produtos ou processos. A implementação de paradigmas de produção, como a filosofia Lean, que reduzem os tempos de ciclo e aumentam a variedade de tarefas, tendem a aumentar a tensão fisiológica e psicológica dos trabalhadores. Deste modo, para evitar problemas de saúde para os trabalhadores e custos para as organizações, torna-se fundamental a integração dos aspectos relacionados com a saúde dos operadores aquando da implementação destas abordagens. A presente dissertação reflecte a importância que os princípios ergonómicos têm nas diferentes fases de implementação Lean Six Sigma. Nesse sentido foram desenvolvidas uma metodologia e uma ferramenta, DMAIC+ERG e plusERG, respectivamente. A metodologia baseia-se na inclusão de princípios ergonómicos em cada uma das etapas do ciclo DMAIC, utilizando várias ferramentas (SAMMIE, VSM e plusERG). O SAMMIE é um Human CAD que simula configurações de postos de trabalho, pelo que é uma importante ferramenta no apoio à reformulação dos mesmos, enquanto que o plusERG é um sistema de apoio à decisão, baseado em regras IF THEN, com o intuito de controlar a implementação dos princípios relacionados com a Ergonomia, fornecendo um conjunto de recomendações. Foram realizados três casos de estudo num atelier de decoração de interiores, tendo em vista a aplicação da metodologia e da ferramenta, criadas no âmbito deste trabalho, num contexto real. Os resultados obtidos não só demonstraram uma diminuição dos factores de risco para o operador, como também incrementaram a produtividade da empresa.
Le, Jeune André. "Etude des facteurs sigma de fonction extracytoplasmique (ECF) et leur lien avec la résistance au lysozyme et la virulence chez Enterococcus faecalis : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2021.
Full textThe lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal member of human and animal flora of the gastro-intestinal tract. Over the past two decades, E. Faecalis has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen and one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. In fact, problems occur when this organism gains access to sites it does not normally colonize. To cause diseases, opportunistic bacteria have to adapt and survive to the defence systems encountered within the host. One of the most important and widespread compounds of the host innate defence response against invading microorganisms is the lysozyme. A common method of adaptation to stress in bacteria is to switch the sigma factor used by the core RNA polymerase. The extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors constitute a distinct group of alternative sigma factors, which regulate gene expression in response to environnemental stress and pathogenesis. This study aimed to characterize the ECF sigma factors SigV, SigX and SigG of E. Faecalis. It is assumed that E. Faecalis is one of the few bacteria that are completely lysozyme resistant. In our work, we investigated the causes of this abnormal lysozyme resistance. Evidence was found that E. Faecalis displays an original model of lysozyme resistance mechanism in which SigV plays a key role. SigV is also importantly involved in virulence of E. Faecalis. Thereby, in absence of a general stress response regulator in the genome sequence of E. Faecalis, it appears that SigV can fulfil this role at least in part. This work revealed also the involvement of SigX and SigG, respectively in acid pH and heat shock treatments, and both contribute moderately to the virulence
Lee, Chung-Sheng Brian. "Studies of SpoIIAA, the anti-anti-#sigma#'F factor of Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365810.
Full textSchwall, Christian Philipp. "Investigation of Bacillus subtilis sigma factor dynamics using improved single cell tools." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/280309.
Full textDixon, Laurie G. "The effects of the crsA mutation in the major vegetative sigma factor [sigma]-A on the regulation of sporulation initiation in Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/NQ56532.pdf.
Full textLemeille, Sylvain. "Implication des facteurs sigma de groupes 1 et 2 dans la régulation globale chez Synechocystis PCC6803." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10159.
Full textAli living organisrns on the Earth undergo an important daily environmental change due to the terrestrial rotation. Most organisms have developed an internaI mechanism of regulation in order to anticipate these recurring changes. This mechanism is called the circadian cycle. In cyanobacteria, the circadian cycle seerns to be particularly important because it controls almost the entire genome. As for all micro-organisms, the acclimatization and the response to the environmental stimuli are generally due to activations or repressions of gene expression. The sigma sub-units of RNA polymerase are global regulators of the transcription. The cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 possesses four group-2 and one group-I sigma factor. Its transcriptional prograrn is largely modulated by these factors. Ln this work we show that the five group 1 and 2 sigma factors of Synechocystis PCC6803 are connected to each other by a regulation network. As a consequence they act as a consortium in order to respond to environmental stresses. This network also collects the circadian signal and then transmits the circadian time to the entire genome. We show that under the usual conditions of study of the circadian cycles, the entire genome of Synechocystis PCC6803 is concerned. We finally discuss the evolutionary significance of the circadian cycle in cyanobacteria : should it be considered as a consequence of the experimental conditions, or should the circadian cycle be regarded as a default system of regulation?
Sarrafee, Sara. "ROLE OF THE PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS ECF SIGMA FACTOR, SIGH, IN OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSE." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1804.
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