Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Facteur thermique'
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Maurel, Sébastien. "Rôle des protéines de choc thermique dans la régulation du facteur de transcription HIF." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704624.
Full textRALLU, MURIELLE. "La famille multigenique des facteurs de choc thermique (hsf) : purification, caracterisation fonctionnelle et regulation d'un membre atypique, le facteur hsf2." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066301.
Full textPaolino, Pierdomenico. "Bruit thermique et dissipation d'un microlevier." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00423692.
Full textAu delà du dispositif traditionnel de mesure de déflexion angulaire, nous avons conçu et réalisé un AFM avec une détection interférométrique différentielle (entre la base encastrée et l'extrémité libre du levier). La résolution ultime est de 10^-14 m/Hz^1/2, la mesure est de plus intrinsèquement calibrée, indifférente aux dérives thermiques lentes et sans limitation de la plage d'amplitude de la déflexion.
Grâce à notre dispositif, nous mesurons le bruit thermique le long du levier. Une reconstruction de la forme spatiale des quatre premiers modes propres en flexion révèle un excellent accord avec le modèle de poutre de Euler-Bernoulli. Un ajustement simultané sur les quatre résonances thermiquement excitées est réalisé à l'aide d'un seul paramètre libre : la raideur du levier, qui est ainsi mesurée avec une grande précision et robustesse.
Les fluctuations thermiques de déflexion à basse fréquence démontrent qu'un modèle d'oscillateur harmonique avec dissipation visqueuse n'est plus pertinent hors résonance. De plus, on observe des différences substantielles entre les leviers avec et sans revêtement métallique. Pour ces derniers, l'approche hydrodynamique de Sader rend compte fidèlement du comportement des fluctuations en dessous de la résonance dans l'air. La présence du revêtement introduit une deuxième source de dissipation : la viscoélasticité. Elle se manifeste comme un bruit en 1/f à basse fréquence. L'utilisation du Théorème Fluctuation-Dissipation (TFD) et des relations de Kramers-Kronig permettent une caractérisation complète de la réponse du levier à l'aide des spectres de fluctuations. Une estimation quantitative de la viscoélasticité et de sa dépendance en fréquence est notamment obtenue.
Masson, Florent Le. "Caractérisation des facteurs HSF1 et HSF2 en tant que facteur maternel et régulateur de la réponse au stress." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30277.
Full textDuring my PhD, I studied heat shock factors HSFs and their functions during development. My thesis project included two main parts. The first one was aimed to identify HSF1 dependent target genes, and the second part investigated the functions of HSF1 and HSF2 during early development. First, we sought to identify HSF1 target genes by a transcriptome analysis to further characterize its maternal function in mouse oocyte. Among the genes regulated by HSF1, we observed an enrichment of genes involved in the cohesion of homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids and we observed the presence of HSF1 on the promoter of 4 of these genes: Stag2, Stag3, Syce1 and Msh4. Then, we demonstrated that the lower expression of these genes in Hsf1-/- oocytes led to defects in prophase I progression and early segregation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I. Taken together, these data show that HSF1 helps to coordinate the dynamics of chromosomes during female meiosis in mammals. The second part of my project was about the functions performed by HSF1 and HSF2 during early development. Using several mouse transgenic and knockout lines, we showed that HSF1 and HSF2 play a role in the activation of zygotic Hsp70. 1 and that HSF2 takes part to the heat shock response at the blastocyst stage
Manuel, Martine. "Recherche des cibles du facteur HSF2 chez la souris." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077115.
Full textComtet, Christophe. "Etude du facteur de qualité mécanique des multicouches diélectriques des optiques de VIRGO : influence sur le bruit thermique." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10202.
Full textChang, Yunhua. "Implication du facteur de transcription de choc thermique HSF2 dans la méiose et le développement du cerveau : étude de l'inactivation du gène hsf2 chez la souris." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066047.
Full textPetitjean, Luc. "Étude théorique et expérimentale des collisions entre atomes de Rydberg et cibles neutres (atomique ou moléculaire) à énergie thermique : transferts résonnants d'énergie interne." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112108.
Full textThis thesis reports a study of the collisional behavior of atomic Rydberg states with atomic and molecular targets. These collisions are described within the frame of the Impulse Approximation (IA). Methods for the evaluation of the atomic form factor, the key step in the derivation of the cross-section, are proposed and discussed allowing numerous comparisons with experimental data. The quenching cross-sections of high rubidium Rydberg states by molecular perturbers (N₂, CO, NH₃, ND₃) are measured and compared to IA predictions. The influence of the molecular multipole moment as well as of ether relevant physical parameters (energy balance of the reaction) are clearly stated. In the case of dipole molecules the total depopulation is mainly governed by near-resonant energy transfer where the internal energy (atomic or rotational) lest by one colliding partner is gained by the ether. Finally, our theoretical approach is tentatively extended to low-lying excited states and compared to experimental results
Berchet, Véronique. "L'adaptation des protéines aux basses températures chez une bactérie psychrotolérante : facteur d'élongation G et protéines d'acclimatation au froid." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10073.
Full textEl, Fatimy Rachid. "Rôle des facteurs de transcription de choc thermique HSFs dans le développement du cerveau au stade embryonnaire : étude de l'implication du facteur HSF1 et HSF2 dans le syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal (FAS)." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066030.
Full textKloster-Landsberg, Meike. "Spectroscopie à corrélation de fluorescence multi-confocale : développement et application à l'étude de la réponse cellulaire au choc thermique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENY053/document.
Full textThe cell nucleus is heterogeneous in its structure and activity and many of its components are in dynamic interactions with each other. When investigating the cellular response to an external signal, such as heat shock, standard fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) experiments, which are limited to one observation volume, do only give partial results because of the missing spatial information. This work introduces a novel multi-confocal FCS (mFCS) technique that allows simultaneous FCS measurements in different locations within a cell. It is based on the use of a spatial light modulator (SLM) to create several distinct observation volumes at a time and an electron-multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD) camera to perform parallel detection. The spatial resolution as well as the sensibility of the mFCS system are close to that of a classical FCS setup and using a special readout mode, a temporal resolution of $14mu s$ is reached. The mFCS technique is applied to study the cellular response to thermal stress by monitoring the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which is a key regulator of the heat shock response. mFCS experiments in living cells reveal changes in the dynamics of HSF1 upon heat shock. These changes concern the affinity as well as the spatial homogeneity of its interactions with DNA. Additionally, the performance of a CMOS-SPAD camera, consisting of an array of single photon avalanche diodes, is evaluated and the device is tested as an alternative detector for mFCS in living cells
Trouillet, Diane. "Fonction du facteur de choc thermique HSF2 dans les processus de prolifération, de survie et de différenciation au cours du développement du système nerveux central." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811409.
Full textMaamar, Fatouma. "Méthode pour un calcul rapide des facteurs d’intensité de contrainte en bord de joint collé subissant un chargement mécanique et cryogénique : exploitation en vue de prédire la tenue en rupture adhésive." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4867/.
Full textThe work focuses on methods for predicting the adhesive failure strength of a bonded joint, that is to say the resistance to delamination at an interface between a substrate and the adhesive layer. It attempts to define a method to quickly calculate a criterion for the failure initiation to serve a particular application domain: space construction where assemblies undergo thermal loading at low temperatures, the studied materials being structural adhesive Scotch-Weld DP490, invar and silicon carbide. The conventional criterion of the stress intensity factor has been chosen a priori, its formulation being "K < KC” where K is an indicator of the peeling stress intensity at the end of the interface, and KC is a critical value beyond which the rupture occurs. The main objective being to develop a simple and quick method to calculate K, an approach using influence parameters is proposed. It is based on four reference stresses, three of them being obtained at a well defined point of a specific mesh, from a very few detailed finite element analysis, the fourth being the homogeneous peel stress which appears in the entire singular zone in thermal loading conditions. The identification of the four influence parameters is based on a numerical experiments plan where three different types of loads are considered. The gap between the results obtained and reference values remains low. The proposed method is then applied to various concrete configurations corresponding to tests performed by an industrial partner. It is shown that the calculation of K is reliable, but that, cons, the criterion appears not to be suitable for application area considered here
Obame, Ndong Elysée. "Développement d'un dispositif de calorimétrie par rayonnement thermique : application à la mesure des pertes dans les composants électriques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523756.
Full textKloster-landsberg, Meike. "Spectroscopie à corrélation de fluorescence multi-confocale : développement et application à l'étude de la réponse cellulaire au choc thermique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770264.
Full textCharlet, Thibault. "Filtres hyperfréquences reportés en surface, à fort facteur de qualité et compensés en température." Thesis, Limoges, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LIMO0010.
Full textIn this work, we study microwave filters for space telecommunication with two main application fields. The devices should be surface mounted, on printed circuit board to remain low-cost with a minimal bulkiness and high performances. We also want the frequency functions to be kept efficient despite the temperature shift in space. The first chapter deals with the state of the art of the field by presenting the needs: the multiphysics simulations and the filter design, the surface mounted process, and their temperature compensation. In the second chapters, we focused on the multiphysics modeling and how we have applied it in our study. We have also characterized the materials and the microwave system thanks to a dedicated measurement bench: the permittivity, the dielectric losses, the conductivity, and the frequency shift are collected to supply the databases. In the last two chapters, we designed resonators and filters. The mounted surface technologies need to be well controlled to provide sufficient efficiency for the devices. We achieve thermal frequency stability by using specific materials, non-affected by thermal effects, or through a combination of materials with specific properties to create an offset. At last, we applied these techniques to show different types of filter that can be an answer to our needs
Salem, Mehdi. "Étude de l'endommagement par fatigue thermique des moules de fonderie sous pression d'aluminium : effet de l'interaction avec l'aluminisation et l'oxydation." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1266/.
Full textHot work tool steels damage results of a combination of Thermal Fatigue (TF) and various environmental mechanisms, especially in the case of Aluminium Die Casting. This complex damage mechanism has been observed in real life conditions as well as in laboratory tests. Beyond 500 °C, a duplex oxide layer grows on the surface of H11-13 steels exposed to ambient air. The inner layer is rich in chromium whereas the outer layer is poor. Otherwise, during contact with molten aluminium alloy, the iron from the steel interacts with aluminium atoms and forms a multiphase intermetallic layer at their interface. An experimental approach based on the decoupling of loading was designed to study damage mechanisms individually and under complex conditions. In a first step, a immersion test is carried out to examine the interaction between X38CrMoV5 tool steel and a molten AlSi9Cu3 alloy under static and isothermal conditions. The growth of the intermetallic layer is governed by diffusion and is largely dependent on a dissolution phenomenon which accelerates beyond 650 °C. In the second step, a new induction thermal fatigue rig used in air and/or inert atmospheres with reduced PO2, has been set up to study the combined effects of thermal fatigue and oxidation. Disk shaped axi-symmetric test specimens made from pre-aluminised or virgin X38CrMoV5 steel were used. Thermal fatigue experiments are performed with different thermal cycle at the edge, where Tmin = 100 °C and Tmax = 550 to 650 °C with heating rates of 420 °C. S-1. At 550 °C, damage in the case of virgin steel is due to cyclic scaling of the oxide layer and no macro-cracking is observed until 400,000 cycles. Beyond 550 °C, when the superficial layer (oxide or intermetallic) is compact and has strong adhesion to the base metal, it first undergoes regular and parallel micro-cracking. From these "un-iaxial heat checking", several macroscopic cracks propagate in the steel. However, in the absence of a compact outer layer, macro-cracks appear simultaneously as soon as the steel reaches a critical cyclic softening. At macroscopic scale, the macro-cracks propagate in mode I perpendicularly to the ortho-radial axis. The depth of these macro-cracks depends on their number. A finite element thermo-mechanical analysis was performed. The material models used in this analyses were based on "thermo elastic-plastic" (EP) and "thermo-elasto-visco plastic" (EVP) behaviour. It is shown that the behaviour model selection is not significant if the stress life approach of prediction is used. However, the EVP model is found to be better adapted if other parameters (such as the maximum stress at crack initiation) is considered, because it takes into account time-related effects (e. G. Loading rate and microstructure evolution). The concept of linear fracture mechanics was used as the crack propagation criterion. The Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) was calculated using the weight function of Bueckner and was validated through measurement of residual crack opening distance at ambient temperature
Vandekerckhove, Julie. "Mécanismes de régulation de GATA-1 par les protéines de choc Hsp27 et Hsp70 au cours de la différenciation érythroïde terminale." Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T078.
Full textTete, Claude. "Contribution à l'étude de l'évolution thermique des propriétés structurales et magnétiques des alliages FE-P-C amorphes." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10110.
Full textChen, Hua. "Conception, modélisation et caractérisation d'un micro-capteur résonant de pression en silicium." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112086.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the design, modelling and test of new high-pressure sensors. Different geometries of resonators have been analysed, in order to compare their sensibilities. The temperature influence is also studied and a compensation method is suggested. The experimental results under high pressure and temperature have validated the theory with good agreements. The thesis is then oriented toward two types of resonant sensor: electrostatic and optical. In case of the electrostatic excitation/detection, different electromechanical models have been studied and compared. Special attention is given to the large-amplitude effects (mechanical hard spring and electrostatic amplitude-softening effect). The frequency shift due to these non-linear effects is quantified and solutions to minimise it have been given. A numerical behavioural model of the electromechanical oscillator system is developed under MATLAB/Simulink. Furthermore, the principle of the sensor electronics is presented and an electrical equivalent model has been extracted, in order to analyse the influences of different parasite elements. In case of the optical sensor, the analytical model of the photo-thermal activation is first introduced, with a study of the influence of the optical power. In both case, the theories and simulations have been validated by the experimental results. The last part of the thesis concerns three specific studies related to the sensor environment. Firstly, the mechanical quality factor is calculated in function of the air pressure around the resonator. The theories and simulations have been confirmed by the measurements. The second study consists of evaluating the absolute sensor resolution with the noise sources presented in the oscillator. The last study concerns the sensor packaging. The geometry of the packaging device and the material of the support piece have been simulated by FEM to minimise the thermal stresses
Péroval, Marylène Yannick. "Etude du développement intracellulaire d'Eimeria tenella : rôle de l'HSP90 parasitaire et modulation de l'apoptose cellulaire." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS0047.
Full textAll over the world, avian coccidiosis is a major cause of economic loss to the poultry industry due to intracellular protozoan parasites from the genus Eimeria. Eimeria tenella development is located in enterocyte of intestinal caeca inside a parasitophorous vacuole. Improvement of knowledge on the first step of development is necessary to fight against coccidiosis. Study of the 90 kDa heat shock protein shows that this protein is essential for invasion and for intracellular parasite growth. This protein is associated to the membrane of the parasitophorous vacuole suggesting an interaction with host cell. We have also shown that the parasite protects the host cell from apoptosis by interfering with the NF-kB signalisation pathway
Ribeil, Jean-Antoine. "Hsp70 est un nouveau régulateur majeur de l'érythropoïèse empêchant le clivage du facteur de transcription GATA-1 par la caspase-3 au cours de la différenciation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451047.
Full textRocafi, Adil. "Optimisation de la précipitation des facteurs de croissance à partir de lactosérum natif obtenu par acidification du lait." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25701/25701.pdf.
Full textWettstein, Guillaume. "Initiation de la fibrose pulmonaire : rôle particulier de la transition mésenchymateuse de la cellule mésothéliale et de la protéine de choc thermique HSP 27." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS058.
Full textPulmonary fibrosis could be induced by a number of injuries like chemotherapy (i.e. bleomycin) or could be idiopathic (IPF). This disease has currently no treatment. IPF classically starts in sub-pleural areas and is characterized by the presence of myofibroblasts producing the extracellular matrix that will accumulated into the parenchyma resulting in impaired lung functions and respiratory failure. The origin of the myofibroblasts is still debated but one recent hypothesis suggests that epithelial cells could become myofibroblasts through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This process is initiated by Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1 one of the most, if not the most important cytokine involved in fibrotic process. In this work we focused on the role of the pleura in the onset of IPF and developed a new pleural fibrosis model in mice. We studied the implication of the heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in pulmonary fibrotic processes. We then focused on the pulmonary toxicity of the deglyco-bleomycin a product derived from the anticancerous bleomycin. We demonstrated in the first part of our work that bleomycin was able, in combination with the presence of carbon nanoparticules in the pleural space (found in cigarette’s smoke and pollution), to induce a progressive pleural fibrosis. This pleural fibrosis was associated with a progression of the disease within the subpleural area as observed in IPF patients. This invasion within the parenchyma was explained by the fact that mesothelial cells undergo an EMT. In the second part of our work, we showed that HSP27 was overexpressed in the parenchyma and the pleura of IPF patients and also in all our pleural and pulmonary fibrosis models in rodents. Furthermore we established in vitro that HSP27 was also overexpressed during EMT and that its overexpression was sufficient to induce EMT. Additionally HSP27 inhibition blocks TGF-β1 induced EMT in vitro and blocks pleural fibrosis development and mesothelial cells migration within the parenchyma in vivo. In the last project we demonstrated that deglyco-bleomycin had the same anti-tumoral effect than bleomycin in vivo and was devoided from its pulmonary toxicity. This work highlights the potential role of the pleura in initiating IPF and may open fields for the development of new therapeutics by preventing pulmonary fibrosis initiation but also progression
Da, Silva Vieira Maria-Roseli. "Recherches sur la levure schwanniomyces occidentalis (Castellii) et sa réponse à l'élévation de température." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP9705.
Full textBellaye, Pierre-Simon. "Rôle de la petite protéine de choc thermique alphaB crystallin dans la fibrogénèse pulmonaire et son implication dans la voie de signalisation du transforming growth factor - béta1." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOMU06/document.
Full textIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has no effective current treatment. It is characterized by a sub-pleural onset and the presence of myofibroblasts, responsible for the excessive extracellular matrix synthesis. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1 is considered as the major profibrotic cytokine. Its signaling pathway occurs through the Smads proteins, including Smad4. TGF-β1 allows the differentiation of lung fibroblasts and epithelial and mesothelial cells into myofibroblasts. AB-crystallin is a small heat shock protein overexpressed in liver, renal and vascular fibrosis and can be induced by TGF-β1. In this study, we assessed the role of αB-crystallin in pleural and pulmonary fibrosis. We show that αB-crystallin is overexpressed in the lung and the pleura of IPF patients. In vivo, in three pulmonary fibrosis models (bleomycin, TGF-β1 or IL-1β overexpression) αB-crystallin KO mice are protected from fibrosis with an inhibition of the TGF-β pathway. In vitro, in epithelial and mesothelial cells or fibroblasts, αB-crystallin increases Smad4 nuclear localization. Interacting with TIF1γ, responsible for the nuclear export of Smad4, it promotes the nuclear sequestration of Smad4 and thus its profibrotic activity. Instead, αB-crystallin inhibition allows the formation of the Smad4/TIF1γ complex and promotes Smad4 nuclear export an profibrotic activity. This work shows the importance of αB-crystallin in pleuro-pulmonary fibrosis and its role on the TGF-β1 pathway. AB-crystallin appears as a putative therapeutic target for IPF
Roesch, Ferdinand. "Réplication du VIH et réponse innée : étude de l'hyperthermie et de l'activité pro-inflammatoire de la protéine Vpr." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077031.
Full textAids is characterized by chronic activation of the immune system. Different events lead to the production of interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. During the acute phase of infection, inflammation can be associated with fever episodes. To better understand the role of fever during HIV physiopathology, we studied the impact of hyperthermia on HIV replication in vitro. We showed that hyperthermia increases HIV replication in infected T lymphocytes. Single cycle infection in different cell lines was enhanced by 5-fold. Hyperthermia has no impact on viral entry or reverse transcription, but increases viral transcription. The heat shock protein Hsp90 is associated with transcription sites and plays a major role in the increased replication in hyperthermic conditions. We also showed that hyperthermia could favor viral reactivation in latently infected cells. We then studied the rote of the accessory protein Vpr in the modulat of innate immune responses. Our results showed that Vpr increased the synthesis of TNFa in T lymphocytes after infection. This release TNF a causes the nuclear transiocaiton of NfKB and may contribute the reactivation process in latently infected cells. This new activity of Vpr seems to correlate with its ability to arrest cell cycle of infected c in the G2 phase. We also observed a positive effect of Vpr on interf synthesis in dendritic cells. The study of the mechanisms by which hyperthermia and Vpr influence HIV replication and innate response should help to better characterize the role of inflammation in HIV-associated pathology
DESRUELLE, A.-VIRGINIE. "La regulation sudorale : effets respectifs de facteurs thermiques ou non thermiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13122.
Full textBourseau, Jean-Philippe. "Microbiologie prédictive : évolution de la flore lactique d’altération du jambon cuit supérieur, et thermorésistance et croissance de Bacillus cereus dans des plats cuisinés pasteurisés." Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0013.
Full textGastou, Marc François Philippe. "Rôle de la protéine HSP70 au cours de l'anémie de Blackfan-Diamond." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC231/document.
Full textDiamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is the first ribosomopathy identified and is characterized by a moderate to severe, usually macrocytic aregenerative anemia associated with congenital malformations in 50% of the DBA cases. This congenital rare erythroblastopenia is due to a blockade in erythroid differentiation between the BFU-e and CFU-e stages. The link between a haploinsufficiency in a ribosomal protein (RP) gene that now encompass 15 different RP genes and the erythroid defect is still to be fully defined. Recently, mutations in TSR2 and GATA-1 genes have been identified in a few DBA families. The GATA-1 gene encodes for the major transcription factor critical for erythropoiesis and mutation in this gene that lead to loss of expression of the long form of the protein, necessary for the erythroid differentiation accounts for erythroblastopenia of DBA phenotype. Our group and others (Dutt et al., Blood 2011) have shown previously that p53 plays an important role in the DBA erythroblastopenia, inducing cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 and depending on the nature of RP gene mutation, a delayed erythroid differentiation and an increased apoptosis. Indeed, we identified two distinct DBA phenotypes (H. Moniz, M. Gastou, Cell Death Dis, 2012): a haploinsufficiency in RPL5 or RPL11 reduced dramatically the erythroid proliferation, delayed the erythroid differentiation, and markedly increased apoptosis, while RPS19 haploinsufficiency while reduced the extent of erythroid proliferation without inducing significant apoptosis. While p53 pathway has been found to be activated in RP haploinsufficient erythroid cells in DBA patients or shRNA-RPS19, -RPL5, or -RPL11 infected CD34+ erythroid cells, the intensity of the p53 activation pathway (p21, BAX, NOXA) is different depending on the mutated RP gene. Since the differences between the two phenotypes involved the eytrhoid differentiation and the degree of apoptosis we hypothesized that HSP70, a chaperone protein of GATA-1 may play a key role in the erythroid defect of DBA. Indeed, HSP70 protects GATA-1 from the cleavage by the caspase 3, a protease activated during erythroid differentiation. As such reduced levels of HSP70 related to a RP haploinsufficiency could account for increased apoptosis and delayed erythroid differentiation of erythroid cells in DBA. Indeed, a defect in RPL5 or RPL11 decreased dramatically the expression level of HSP70 and GATA-1 in primary human erythroid cells from DBA patients and following in vitro knockdown of the proteins in CD34+ cells by RPL5 or RPL11 shRNA. Importantly, RPS19 haploinsufficiency did not exhibit this effect in conjunction with normal levels of HSP70 expression. Furthermore, we found that the decreased expression level of12HSP70 was independent on the p53 activation. Strikingly, HSP70 was noted to be degraded by the proteasome since the bortezomib, the MG132, or the lactacystin were able to restore both the HSP70 expression level and intracellular localization in the cell. The lentiviral infection of depleted RPL11 cord blood CD34+ cells with a wild type HSP70 cDNA restored both the erythroid proliferation and differentiation, and reduced apoptosis, confirming a critical role for HSP70 in the erythroid defect in the RPL11+/Mut DBA phenotypes. The loss of HSP70 may explain the loss of GATA-1 in DBA and also the erythroid tropism of the DBA disease. Restoration of the HSP70 expression level may be a viable and novel therapeutic option for management of this debilitating and difficult to manage erythroid disorder
Bacila, Adriana. "Influence des effets de surcharges et de souscharges sur la propagation d'une fissure de fatigue : Modélisation et estimation de la durée de vie des éléments de construction mécanique." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-358.pdf.
Full textMbailassem, Fulbert. "Contrôle du bruit par effets de localisation par géométries irrégulières." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI095/document.
Full textIn this thesis, the acoustical behavior of irregular cavities leading to localization phenomenon is investigated for noise reduction applications. The aim of this work is to study and create by means of passive method, an accumulation of acoustical energy and dissipate it. Before addressing geometrical irregularities effects on the sound field, viscothermal dissipation mechanisms of sound are recalled and illustrated through few networks of quarter-wave resonators. In a second part, a study of the localization phenomenon is carried out by a modal analysis approach. The localization is quantified by the relative existence volume (VER), an indicator which gives a measure of the volume of the region in which a mode is localized as a fraction of the total cavity volume. The localization analysis is conducted using both regular and irregular cavities. It has been shown that only cavities with irregular geometry, such that sub-cavities are formed, can localize some acoustical modes. Moreover, the frequency of a localized mode is related to the dimensions of the localization region. Following the investigation of the localization phenomenon, the relation between cavities geometry and sound energy dissipation has been studied by the estimation of damping indicators, such as the quality factor, the sound absorption coefficient or the energy damping rate. According to this study, irregular cavities have higher capability to damp sound waves compared to regular cavities. However, for the case of irregular cavities only, the induced dissipation is not proportional to the localization. Nevertheless, when irregularities of rigid walls are not able to achieve sufficient dissipation, this can be obtained with slightly absorptive porous materials of irregular geometry. In fact, the dissipative properties of some porous materials can be optimized by giving them irregular interface. Finally, an experimental set-up has been designed to validate the localization phenomenon and to confirm the damping tendency of irregular geometries in comparison to regular ones. Moreover, measurements of the sound absorption coefficient of a hemp concrete reveal that the sample of irregular geometry achieves sound dissipation more than 40% higher than the one achieved by a regular plane sample. Finally, this thesis has addressed a technological challenge consisting of experimentally validating the localization phenomenon which is so far very difficult to obtain by the use of conventional pressure microphones. In the framework of this thesis, an optical non-conventional sound pressure measurement technique has been used. The used technique is the laser refracto-vibrometry which consists of using a laser vibrometer in some specific conditions to measure the acoustical field (sound pressure). This technique is difficult to conduct but it has the advantage of being contactless, thus less cumbersome for even very small cavities as compared to pressure microphones
Berthet, Morgane. "Nanoparticules biodégradables et multifonctionnelles pour la régénération tissulaire de plaies cutanées profondes." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1213.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to develop a therapy of cutaneous deep wounds based on biodegradable poly (lactic-acid) nanoparticles (PLA-NP) releasing wound healing mediators. The goal was to accelerate wound healing and to promote the reconstruction of a functional dermis. Our method was (i) to reduce the inflammatory reaction in the aim of limiting its deleterious effects, (ii) to stimulate reepithelialization to accelerate wound healing and to reduce the risk of infections. The implementation of means was based on the use of an antioxidant (vitamin E, VE) and a fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) carried by biocompatible and biodegradable poly(lactic-acid) based nanoparticles. Our PLA-NP contained the antioxidant (VE), in their hydrophobic core and carried the fibroblastic growth factor (FGF2) on their surface. These formulations were (i) characterized by physico-chemical methods and (ii) tested by in vitro methods to evaluate their effects as a delivery system of VE and FGF2 on wound healing. Experimental in vivo models have been developed and characterized in the aim of studying the potential beneficial effect of functionalized PLA-NP on wound healing and functional reconstruction of dermis. Our results show that the antioxidant activity of VE was not inhibited by encapsulation into PLA-NP and was lightly increased compared with free VE in an in vitro system. The biological activity of FGF2 on proliferation and migration of fibroblasts in an in vitro system was not altered by adsorption onto PLA-NP as well. No cytotoxicity of these functionalized PLA-NP was detected in vitro. Two experimental models of deep cutaneous wounds were developed on the healthy SKH1 hairless mouse: (i) A robust third degree thermal burn model that was characterized by massive inflammation of the wound and a late granulation stage after 16 days of healing. (ii) A model of excisional skin wound was also used. A model of delayed wound healing was established by chemical induction of stable type I diabetes prior to excision and burn injuries. The healing process of these models of cutaneous wounds was characterized by (i) macroscopic studies of wound closure, (ii) histological studies of inflammation, necrosis and reepithelialization, and (iii) by physiological studies of cutaneous blood perfusion. A study of the expression of 84 genes involved in the healing process was carried out on the scar tissue 14 days post-wound. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential efficacy of PLA-NP as a vector of therapeutic molecules for the development of future strategies for targeted delivery of VE and FGF2 in deep skin wounds. The developed and characterized in vivo experimental models open the way to preclinical studies of efficacy of functionalized PLA-NP on the healing process of deep wounds
Maillard, Pascale. "Etude du developpement vegetatif du terminalia superba engler et diels en conditions controlees : mise en evidence de rythmes de croissance." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066502.
Full textBOUR, YVES ROYER FRANCOIS XAVIER. "MATERIAUX COMPOSITES A FIBRES COURTES. RELATION ENTRE FACTEUR D'ORIENTATION ET PROPRIETES MECANIQUES ET THERMIQUES /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1999/Bour.Yves.SMZ9906.pdf.
Full textBour, Yves. "Matériaux composites à fibres courtes : Relation entre facteur d'orientation et propriétés mécaniques et thermiques." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Bour.Yves.SMZ9906.pdf.
Full textThe behavior of short fibers composite materials depends strongly of the orientation of the fibers. Using magnetic fields, anisotropic composite materials have been elaborated which contained up to 20 vol% of carbon fibers. One aim was to gain a better understanding of the process of orientation in the magnetic field. A model has been formulated to describe the movement of a single fiber which is exposed to a static and an oscillating magnetic field. Other parameters such as viscosity of the liquid polymer, temperature and fiber length were examined as well. The degree of anisotropy of the materials is measured by microscopy coupled to an optical imaging system, this work leading to define a procedure of filtering the image in order to obtain precisely the fiber orientation distribution (function). As well as the thermal conductivity was measured which is related to the three-dimensional orientation. The results from optical and thermal measurements correlate well, but the theoretical models to interpret the thermal conductivity are not yet reliable enough to allow the degree of orientation to be reduced from the measurements. Regarding the mechanical properties the increase of the YOUNG's modulus was measured and correlated with the fiber orientation distribution. Between the mechanical models tested some are found to agree well with the experiments
Coroller, Louis. "Étude des facteurs non thermiques agissant sur la décroissance microbienne et modélisation." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2031.
Full textThe predictive microbiology, quantifying the evolution of bacterial population, has been mainly developed in the fields of the growth and of the thermal inactivation. However, the slow decline of a population during storage of food products, during an acid stress or an osmotic stress can not be predicted in a reliable way. To allow the description of the decrease of the population of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium during time and according to the environmental conditions, a classical method in three steps was proposed : (i) A model based on a double distribution of Weibull of the bacterial resistance in the stress was developed. This model distinguishes two subpopulations, one more sensitive and the other one more resistant. It allows to describe the bacterial evolution according to time, and to characterize the resistance of each subpopulation according to the physiological state of the bacterial population and to the intensity ofthe stress. (ii) The influences on the bacterial resistance, of the pH, of the concentration of undissociated lactic acid, and of sodium chloride, were modelled with taking account of the temperature of incubation in a non lethal range. The model contains two types of parameters characterizing the bacterial sensibility linked to the environmental variations, or translating the specificity of the bacterial resistance according to the type of environment. (iii) The bacterial sensibility, which was previously studied in synthetic medium, some kinetics in food allow to spread the prediction of the inactivation of the bacterial populations in soft white cheese, salad dressing and brine
Mavroulakis, Andréas. "Développement d'outils destinés à la modélisation des échanges radiatifs dans des enceintes de géométrie complexe. Calcul des facteurs de forme en présence d'obstacles." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30241.
Full textCregut, Karine. "Modélisation et étude expérimentale des échanges thermiques radiatifs dans les fours électriques." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0022.
Full text[Full thermal modelling of industrial electrical furnaces is a new research field. In the current work, we present numerical simulations on tridimensional models, taking into account beat conduction in solids, radiative beat transfer between surfaces and beat convection by using an beat exchange coefficient. TMG software, which is used for this work, has been validated, especially with radiative calculations (view factors). This computation is sophisticate and reliable. In order to make sure of the numerical results, the simulation of a heated enclosure, is compared with experimental measurements. For steady and transient states, the model is a good approach for thermal phenomena. Modeling an industrial electrical furnace has been carried out, provided that: - complex zones of furnace are simplified by using equivalent models, - a solid knowledge of the material properties and the boundary conditions (natural convection, energy in the heating elements. . . ) is available. So, the numerical results are in good agreement with temperature measurements. Considering reduction in modeling led us to conceive an equivalent plane emissivity, thought as a replacement of a row of resistors and their back wall. This reduction model is of great interest for the simulation of furnaces and especially in models with a large number of meshes. This work is the starting point of many studies to improve such kind of modeling. ]
Goryachev, Maxim. "Résonateurs à ondes acoustiques de volume et oscillateurs à température de l'hélium liquide." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651960.
Full textBoudesco, Christophe. "Expression et rôle d’HSP110 dans le lymphome B diffus à grandes cellules de type activé ou ABC-DLBCL." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCI014.
Full textHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved protein across species, and are expressed in all cell type. HSPs are molecular chaperones involved in the folding of newly synthesized or denaturated proteins. HSPs are overexpressed in cancer cells, where they contribute to cancer resistance to chemotherapies. Among HSPs, roles and functions of HSP110 are less described. Interestingly, HSP110 was recently associated with lymphoma aggressiveness in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). DLBCL is the most lymphoproliferative disease diagnosed in adult (30% of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma). Three main subtypes of DLBCL are described: Activated-B-Cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), Germinal Center lymphoma (GC-DLBCL), and Primary Mediastinal B Lymphoma (PMBL). ABC-DLBCL is the most aggressive form associated with a poor prognosis. Even if R-CHOP therapies had improve patient’s survival over the last decades, most of patients experiences relapses or treatment resistances. New molecular target are now necessary to treat efficiently these subtypes.My PhD work has highlighted the role of HSP110 in the NFkB signaling pathway, which is an oncogenic pathway in ABC-DLBCL. First, we show that HSP110 is overexpressed in ABC-DLBCL patient sample. We also show an interaction between HSP110 and Myd88 L265P, that is an oncogenic protein responsible for NFkB pathway activation. Consequently, HSP110 stabilizes Myd88 L265P, leading to a sustain NFkB pathway activation in lymphoma cells, and promoting ABC-DLBCL cell survival and proliferation.Finally, our team recently characterized the first known HSP110 inhibitors. I took the opportunity to test these putative inhibitors in my study. My results suggest that these compounds have similar effects than siRNA or shRNA inhibition of HSP110 on ABC-DLBCL survival. This result provide a ground for future in vivo testing of chemical inhibitors of HSP110.In conclusion, my work highlight HSP110 as a potential therapeutic target in ABC-DLBCL
Lecomte, Sylvain. "Implication des facteurs de choc thermique HSF1 et HSF2 dans la réponse à l'inhibition du protéasome." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S059.
Full textCells of a tissue are subject to changes in their environment that can disrupt their balance and to cause stress. To defend themselves, the cells are equipped with adaptive mechanisms specific to the type of affected components (lipids, nucleic acids, proteins). This work focused on proteotoxic stress caused by proteasome inhibition. The established answer is characterized by an overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) which is dependent on a transcriptional event involving transcription factors HSF. This work has focused on the role of HSF1 and HSF2 in response to proteasome inhibition. We have shown that HSF1 is essential for the induction of Hsps whereas HSF2 mediate proteasome subunit expressions. Moreover, data obtained have show that HSF2 isoforms have opposite roles in transcriptional activity of HSF1 and the relative amount of these two isoforms is regulated by proteasome inhibition. Proteasome is a target in the fight against cancer and treatments targeting it exist. However cancers are resistant and development of inhibitors of HSF2 could be a valuable approach to increase the therapeutic effect of these drugs
Le, Bohec Mickaël. "Contribution du rayonnement au confort thermique et aux économies d'énergie dans l'habitat." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0029/document.
Full textIn order to reduce building's energy consumption, radiant heater seems particularly attractives because they didn't require to heat the air of the room to be perceived (less energy spent and less losses), and because they provide a better reactivity to users life rythmes. Moreover, experiences of the MIT showed that we prefer a fresh ai with warm wall rather than the opposite. The goal of the work is to develop a tool to study the link between the radiant energy exchange by an occupant with his environment and the thermal comfort express under some hypothesis, radiative beat transfers can be idealized by the radiosity equation. This one needs the evaluation of geometrics couplings between the elements of the scene called form factors or view factors. It's generally hard to get them, especially when there are obstructions. A comparison of existing numerical methods is proposed. beyond the evaluation of those factors, the algebraic system is heavy to solve because each surface interact, usually, with all the others and because the number of nodes required for the description of a complexe scene is important. We present a resolution method which refine the mesh of the scene while constructing a multi scale representation of form factors between its elements, in order to don't have to compute all the transfers at the finest resolution. This drastically reduce the computation time and allow to use this method in a industrial development process.When the radiative transfers between the occupant, heaters and differents elements of the environment are known, the thermal comfort model of fanger is used to determine if the considered env!ronments are confortable or not, according to international standards. This way, we could find which type of heaters are the most subject to provide thermal comfort without increasing energy consumption
Duval, Amélie. "Rôle des protéines de choc thermique et de CXCR4 dans la survie des cellules hématopoïétiques malignes." Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STET008T.
Full textChataigner, Yohann. "Modélisation du transfert thermique dans un remblai sur pergélisol et élaborations de stratégies pour faire face aux changements climatiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25207/25207.pdf.
Full textNetzer, Marie-Hélène. "Recherches sur le déterminisme de la floraison de 3 cvs de Brassica napus L. Var. Oleifera en conditions contrôléesS." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066130.
Full textKuhn, Aurélien. "Optomécanique en cavité cryogénique avec un micro-pilier pour l'observation du régime quantique d'un résonateur mécanique macroscopique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842915.
Full textGodet, Xavier. "Biologie du colchique (colchicum autumnale l. ) : multiplication vegetative par voie traditionnelle et in vitro." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2D189.
Full textTahakourt, Abdelkader. "Etude du comportement thermique en regime transitoire des planchers solaires directs par la methode des facteurs de reponse : validations experimentales." Rennes, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAR0007.
Full textCouderchet, Michel. "Essai de quantification de la réponse à l'application de différents stress à partir d'une étude sur la chronosensibilité au froid chez le soja (glycine max [L. ] Merr. )." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2025.
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