Academic literature on the topic 'Facteurs anthropiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Facteurs anthropiques"
Kagambega, François. "Impact des activités anthropiques sur la diversité ligneuse et la structure de Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn. C.F. dans le Chantier d’Aménagement Forestier de Cassou (Burkina Faso)." Flora et Vegetatio Sudano-Sambesica 22 (December 20, 2019): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/fvss.22.62.
Full textTindano, Elycée, Souleymane Ganaba, Oumarou Sambare, and Adjima Thiombiano. "LA VÉGÉTATION DES INSELBERGS DU SAHEL BURKINABÈ." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 325, no. 325 (July 17, 2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2015.325.a31270.
Full textMekideche, Siham, Lila Brakchi-Ouakour, and Leila Kadik. "Impact des perturbations anthropiques sur la diversité végétale de la subéraie de Chréa, au nord de l’Algérie." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 337 (November 26, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2018.337.a31633.
Full textAsslouj, Jaouad El, Sanae Kholtei, Namira El Amrani-Paaza, and Abderrauf Hilali. "Impact des activités anthropiques sur la qualité des eaux souterraines de la communauté Mzamza (Chaouia, Maroc)**." Revue des sciences de l'eau 20, no. 3 (October 1, 2007): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016505ar.
Full textRishirumuhirwa, T. "Facteurs anthropiques de l'érosion dans les montagnes et hauts plateaux au Burundi, Rwanda et Zaïre." Cahiers d'outre-mer 47, no. 185 (1994): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/caoum.1994.3502.
Full textMestoul, Djamel. "Dynamique d’ensablement dans le Gourara au sud de l’Algérie : origines, facteurs d’aggravation anthropiques et perspectives." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 27, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.15346.
Full textTraore, Lassina, Oumarou Sambare, Salfo Savadogo, Amadé Ouedraogo, and Adjima Thiombiano. "Effets combinés des facteurs anthropiques et climatiques sur l’état des populations de trois espèces ligneuses vulnérables." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 5 (September 14, 2020): 1763–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.21.
Full textVadnais, Marie-Ève, Ali A. Assani, Éric Hallot, and François Petit. "Facteurs de variabilité spatiale des caractéristiques des débits minimums annuels des rivières Wallonnes (Belgique)." Revue des sciences de l’eau 24, no. 3 (November 28, 2011): 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1006479ar.
Full textEl Hage Hassan, Hussein, Françoise Ardillier-Carras, and Laurence Charbel. "Les changements d’occupation des sols dans la Béqaa Ouest (Liban) : le rôle des actions anthropiques." Cahiers Agricultures 28 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2019010.
Full textDao, B., Guy Hendrickx, I. Sidibé, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, and Stéphane De La Rocque. "Impact de la sécheresse et de la dégradation des aires protégées sur la répartition des trypanosomoses bovines et de leurs vecteurs dans le bassin versant de l’Oti au nord du Togo." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 61, no. 3-4 (March 1, 2008): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9982.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Facteurs anthropiques"
Bloundi, Mohamed Karim. "Etude géochimique de la lagune de Nador (Maroc oriental) : Impacts des facteurs anthropiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/BLOUNDI_Mohamed_Karim_2005.pdf.
Full textThe lagoon of Nador, located at the north-eastern coast of Morocco, is an ecosystem of biological, ecological, and economical interest. Today, the contamination by organic and inorganic pollutants increases because of the population growth as well as industrial and agricultural increase of urban wastes. The aim of this work is to carry out a detailed geochemical study in order to specify the anthropogenic impact on the inequality of the studied ecosystem. The pollutants were studied in the following fields: (i) sediments, (ii) waters, (iii), suspended matters, and (iv) interstitial waters. The first enrichment appearance of heavy metals (HM) in the sediments of the lagoon is more concentrated near the old mineral treatment factory. In addition to the HM, the sediments of the lagoon contain a new organic contamination which is characterized by an accumulation of organic carbon and sulphur. The molecular analysis of the organic matter reveals that certain sectors of the lagoon are contaminated by hydrocarbons and faecal pollution in the vicinity of the towns Beni-Enzar, Arekman as well as close to the river Bouaroug. The water in the lagoon is generally richer in phosphorus than nitrogen which is indicative of anthropogenic influences. However, the contents in HM are lower than normally. The efficiency of the purification plant of Nador (STEP) is acceptable for the suspension matter and pH, and less good for the phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and HM. The chemical variations of the interstitial water indicate the presence of reduced micro-environments which are rich in ammonium, poor in sulphates, not very charged in dissolved oxygen and where sulphate reduction is active. The analysis of the HM in the suspended matter indicates that they are concentrated at the level of the STEP exit and in the vicinity of the old iron ore works. Our results enable the mapping of highly endangered zones, where for example changes in conditions resulted in a reduced biodiversity and a modified structure of the carapaces of the ostracods (Ruiz et al. , 2005)
Launois, Lionel. "Impact des facteurs anthropiques sur les communautés piscicoles lentiques : vers l'élaboration d'un indice poisson." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10044/document.
Full textFish communities remain underused in the domain of lentic ecosystem bioindication, even though water managers need such tools in the current context of the Water Directive Framework. The objective of this thesis was to analyse the fish communities’ response to various anthropogenic pressures, in order to define the candidate biological variables in bioindication and to develop an index to evaluate the ecological status of French natural lakes and reservoirs. Several questions are raised.First of all, the means available to select fish-based metrics responding to catchment-scale anthropogenic pressures are analysed using a typological approach. This analysis consists in classifying lentic ecosystems using classifications, and then, within each homogenous group of ecosystems identified based on environmental criteria, performing linear regressions between candidate fish-based metrics and anthropogenic pressures. The results clearly show that fish communities could be used as good bioindicators for the lentic ecosystems, but they also underline the limits of typological approaches.To test how a bioindicator shared by natural lakes and reservoirs could be developed, an alternative site-specific method was subsequently developed. Statistical modeling was applied to control the natural environmental effects on lentic fish communities. This analysis shows that fish-based metrics responding to catchment-scale anthropogenic pressures differ in the two types of lentic ecosystems.The last part reports the development of an index, based on the reference condition approach, using a hindcasting statistical approach. This method, still infrequently used, enables one to sidestep the problem related to the selection of reference sites in France. Furthermore, this method allows modeling biological reference conditions, i.e. conditions without anthropogenic pressures. Fish communities’ characteristics are then compared for both undisturbed sites and sites that are more or less impacted by anthropogenic pressures. Both catchment-scale and local anthropogenic pressures were considered in this analysis. Following this protocol, a lake fish-based index resulting from the combination of metrics that respond jointly to global and local anthropogenic pressures was developed for natural lakes and reservoirs. Finally, the advances made as a result of this research and its perspectives are discussed with regards to the European context of aquatic ecosystem management
Hamade, Bariaa. "Structure et dynamique de la diversité génétique de l'amandier cultivé au Liban : facteurs biologiques et anthropiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG049/document.
Full textThe diversity of cultivated species results from a series of domestication events, gene flow between wild and cultivated compartments, effects of natural adaptive selection and also on human selection and diffusion dynamics at large scales, often over long periods. The impact of these processes on diversity depends not only on the biology of the species but is also strongly related to social context and human practices. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the influence of human on the dynamics of almond diversity in situ. The approach followed uses population genetics and anthropology to study the structuring of the genetic diversity of this allogamous perennial fruit species, grown in Lebanon. This study consists of three parts:In the first part, we sought to understand the processes of continuous diversification of cultivated almond trees based on evidence from archeology, history and evolutionary biology of almond trees in the Mediterranean Basin. We used a population genetics approach with many individuals representing each cultivar collected in Lebanon. Intensive sampling of Lebanese cultivars was compared to a large number of in situ grown trees from different Mediterranean regions. The results allowed us to distinguish the impact of different diffusion periods on the structure of genetic diversity.The second part assessed the cultural importance of the almond tree grown in Lebanon and identified its intraspecific diversity as perceived by the informants. Our results show heterogeneity of informants' knowledge that led to a flexible local taxonomy. The flexibility of local taxonomy is revealed by the presence of inclusive categories and the complexity of the nomenclature system.In the third part, we assessed the effect of the change in propagation practices on the structuration and dynamics of genetic diversity between two varieties and within each of the varieties studied.Our results show that the traditional cultivar, sexually propagated, is geographically structured. The introduction of clonal propagation mode by grafting was gradually adopted. At first, farmers maintained some genetic diversity through occasional sexual multiplication of the introduced cultivar. In contrast, introduction after grafting has reduced intra-varietal genetic diversity in recent orchards.This thesis shows how human knowledge and decisions at different spatial and temporal scales influence the structure and dynamics of the diversity of this species
Sona, Mirela. "Identification des facteurs granulochimiques influençant la mesure de la concentration des métaux dans les sols anthropiques urbains." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/914/1/SONA_Mirela.pdf.
Full textTrigui, Rima Jihane. "Influence des facteurs environnementaux et anthropiques sur la structure et le fonctionnement des peuplements benthiques du Golfe Normano-Breton." Phd thesis, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466280.
Full textDuclos, Vanessa. "Facteurs responsables de l'arrêt de la régénération des espèces arborescentes suite à des perturbations anthropiques en forêt tropicale humide." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29138/29138.pdf.
Full textSoler, Clélia. "Dynamique de la diversité génétique du sorgho repiqué (Sorghum bicolor ssp. bicolor) au Nord Cameroun : facteurs biologiques et anthropiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20223/document.
Full textIn 1996, FAO has recognized the role of farmers in building and managing genetic resources. This work is part of the project PLANTADIV which main objective is to understand how biological and anthropogenic factors interact and shape diversity of cultivated plants in the Lake Chad Basin. In this region, people have developed an original agricultural innovation: the use in dry-season of flooded clay soils for transplanting sorghum. Transplanted sorghum varieties are able to tap into soil moisture reserves to complete their growth cycle in the dry-season without any water supply. Transplanted sorghum cultivation undertook a large development in the region since the middle of the XX century.The thesis project focuses on the estimation of the genetic diversity of planted sorghum and on biological and genetic mechanisms that may have contributed to its structuration both within and between landraces. We also undertook to trace the evolutionary history of planted sorghum by relying primarily on population genetics approaches to elaborate over geographical and historical hypotheses.This study revealed that at least two events of deseasonalization occurred from rain- sorghum pools from two different genetic groups. Differentiation of dry-season sorghum is stronger than that of rain-sorghum. This may be partially due to social practices: rainy sorghum are mainly exchanged through friends, families and neighbors as planted sorghum seeds are often obtain from markets. Extensive seed exchange between different human populations across the region may have blurred the geographical pattern of the genetic diversity, not allowing us to identify potential sites for deseasonalization.The second part of this work is devoted to the reproductive biology of dry-season sorghum. Direct and indirect estimation methods have shown that dry-season sorghum is, as rain sorghum, preferably selfing. Average level of out crossing is nevertheless lower in dry-season sorghum (1.8%) than it is in rain-sorghum (12%). Within landraces, variations are also smaller for dry-season sorghum than for rain-sorghum.The last part of the thesis is devoted to the impacts of agricultural practices on the structure of the genetic diversity of dry-season sorghum at a local scale. Genetic analyzes have shown that in both studied villages of Djongdong and Bouzar, located in the extreme north of Cameroon, each landrace named by a farmer corresponds to a genetic entity. In addition, the same morphological type among different farmers corresponds to a genetic entity. Modes of seed management and cultural practices were analyzed; they seem to have little influence on the structure of the genetic diversity of dry-season sorghum
Martin, Brice. "Les aléas naturels à Vars (Hautes-Alpes, France) : le rôle des facteurs naturels et des facteurs anthropiques dans leur occurence et leur évolution de 1800 à nos jours." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1GE06.
Full textThe part played by anthropic factors, often evoked to explain the occurrence of hazards, is still poorly understood, imprecise, exaggerated or played down. A study of hazards as they relate to climate, seismicity and human activity was carried out in the vars commune (hautes-alpes, france) in order to better assess their significance; the study used climatic data, which has been available since 1931, and archive material from the end of the 18th century to the present day (over 10 000 documents were consulted). During the last century hazards (mainly flooding and landsliding) were strongly linked with excessive irrigation, deforestation and generalised overgrazing throughout the district; they occured in the absence of exceptional climatic incidents. From 1880 onward the risks diminished, both for natural reasons and as a result of protective measures (reforestation, dams, drainage, etc. ). At the beginning of the 20th century they were more closely connected with unusual climatic incidents but in the late 20th century they are largely attributable to socio-economic changes in the commune
Daval, Isabelle. "Le peuplement de passereaux d'un marais salant (guerande, loire-atlantique) : structuration et fonctionnement sous l'influence de facteurs biotiques et anthropiques." Rennes 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN10041.
Full textRobert, Alexandre. "Effets combinés des facteurs naturels et anthropiques sur la diversité fonctionnellle des vasières à langoustines (Nephrops norvegicus) du golfe de Gascogne." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARH101/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims at increasing the knowledge on factors influencing the benthic community structures of the « Grande Vasière » (GV) of the Bay of Biscay. Particular attention has been paid to the role of bottom trawling whose intensity has been estimated using VMS data. At the scale of the GV, our results suggest that bottom-trawling is the main driver of the megabenthic community structure (> 10mm). However, this hypothesis has not been formally demonstrated due to the co-variations between the trawling intensity and certain environmental characteristics. Hence, works continued on a restricted part of the GV that displayed minimal variations of environmental characteristics while exhibiting a wide gradient of trawling intensityResults suggest that bottom-trawling induces seasonnal and transient modifications on the mega and macrobenthic (> 1mm) communities. These changes could be due to an increase of food availability for the megabenthic predator-scavengers and to changes of sedimentary characteristics for macrofauna. However, investigation about functional diversity showed that these changes did not have major consequences on ecosystem functioning. We concluded that decades of bottom trawling may have shaped the benthic ecosystem of the GV and that it is currently adapted to frequent disruptions
Book chapters on the topic "Facteurs anthropiques"
"6 Les perturbations du climat, facteurs anthropiques et naturels." In Le climat : la Terre et les Hommes, 123–46. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1759-7-009.
Full text"6 Les perturbations du climat, facteurs anthropiques et naturels." In Le climat : la Terre et les Hommes, 123–46. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1759-7.c009.
Full text"Synthèse – point 2. L’Amazonie, terre d’affinité du mercure, fragilisée par les facteurs aggravants d’origine anthropique." In Le mercure en Amazonie, 25–33. IRD Éditions, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.2527.
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