Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Facteurs de transcription – Dissertations universitaires'
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Touche, Nadège. "Localisation sub-cellulaire des facteurs de transcription STAT5a et b et implication au cours de l'hématopoïèse maligne." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN11301.
Full textMastrogiannaki, Maria. "Rôle des facteurs de transcription HIF (Hypoxia Inducible Factors) hépatiques et intestinales dans la régulation de l'homéostasie du fer." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T008.
Full textHepcidin, a liver expressed hormone, is the central regulator of iron homeostasis and is decreased in response to hypoxia and iron deficiency. In contrast, intestinal iron absorption is upregulated during these conditions. Hypoxia Inducible Factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2, are ironand hypoxia-regulated transcription factors, and the central regulators of mammalian oxygen homeostasis. During my thesis, I generated intestinal-specific and liver-specific HIF knockout mouse models in order to investigate in physiopathological conditions the links between HIF signaling and i) the regulation of hepatic hepcidin expression, and ii) the regulation of intestinal iron absorption. I demonstrated that HIF-2 is dispensable for the regulation of hepcidin in conditions of iron deficiency or hypoxia. However, I showed that HIF-2, upon stabilized in physiopathological conditions, induces hepcidin repression, indirectly through increased Erythropoietin (EPO) production and the regulation of erythropoiesis. In the intestine, I showed that HIF-2, but not HIF-1, controls iron absorption by regulating the expression of DMT1 (Divalent Metal Transporter-1) and DCYTB (Duodenal cytochrome b) proteins which import iron in the enterocytes. Finally, I demonstrated that HIF-2 is involved in the regulation of iron hyper-absorption in a genetic mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). HH is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormally low hepcidin expression and excessive iron accumulation in the liver and parenchyma. These findings suggest a prominent role of HIF-2 in the physiopathological regulation of intestinal iron absorption and may provide new therapeutical perspectives for the treatment of anemias and iron overload-associated disorders
De, Paoli Fédérica. "Rôle des facteurs de transcription NOR1 et TLE1 dans les macrophages alternatifs humains." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S006/document.
Full textAtherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which macrophages play a crucial role. Macrophages are derived from the differentiation of circulating monocytes and they are not an homogenous population. We can distinguish at least two types of macrophages: The pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and the alternative anti-inflammatory macrophages M2. Functions of macrophages are controlled by transcriptional factors. My laboratory has realised a transcriptomic analysis of transcriptional factors differently regulated among RM and M2 macrophages. Among the most regulated transcriptional factors there is NOR1 (Neuron-derived Orphan Receptor 1) and TLE1 (Transducin Like Enhancer of Split 1). According to these data, we have chose these two transcriptional factors in order to determine their role in human alternative macrophages. The neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) is induced upon human alternative macrophage polarization and stimulates the expression of markers of the M2 phenotypeThe neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1), together with Nur77 and Nurr1, is a member of the NR4A orphan nuclear receptor family expressed in human atherosclerotic lesion macrophages. However, the expression and the functions of NOR1 in human alternative macrophages have not been studied yet. Using an in vitro model of IL-4 polarized primary human alternative macrophages we demonstrate that NOR1 expression increased in alternative M2 macrophages in humans but not in mice. Moreover NOR1 expression is also most abundant in CD68+MR+ alternative macrophage-enriched areas of human atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Silencing NOR1 expression in human alternative macrophages decreases the expression of a panel of M2 markers such as the Mannose Receptor (MR), Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra), CD200 receptor (CD200R), coagulation factor XIII A1 polypeptide (F13A1), interleukin 10 (IL10) and the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPARg). Moreover, expression and enzymatic activity of MMP9 are induced by NOR1 silencing in M2 macrophages, a regulation confirmed in NOR1 gain of function experiments. These data identify NOR1 among the transcription factors induced during alternative differentiation of human macrophages and demonstrate that NOR1 modifies the alternative macrophage phenotype. Study of TLE1 expression and potential functions in human alternative macrophagesTLE1 is a member of the Groucho family and it is mainly described as a transciptional co-repressor. Although lacking in DNA binding activity of their own, this protein is recruited to gene promoters through interaction with other factors. No data are available regarding the expression or role of TLE1 in macrophages. Our results show that TLE1 is among the highest expressed transcriptional factors in human alternative macrophages. This regulation is verified also in murine macrophages. Histological analysis showed that TLE1 expression in human carotid atherosclerotic lesions in vivo co-localizes with the macrophage marker CD68 and the alternative maker MR. Q-PCR analysis of macrophage-enriched areas isolated by LCM showed that the mRNA levels of TLE1 are higher in zones of alternative CD68+MR+ macrophages compared to zones enriched in CD68+MR- macrophages. Moreover we have shown that TLE1 expression is higher in adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) compared to resting macrophages isolated from blood of the same patients. Finally we have characterised the mRNA expression of TLE1 in obese patients affected or not by diabetes and we have shown that TLE1 expression is influenced by the metabolic state of the patients
Lahoute, Charlotte. "SRF, un facteur de transcription crucial dans la physiologie des muscles squelettiques : Contribution au vieillissement et à l'hypertrophie." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T009.
Full textTo investigate SRF function in adult skeletal muscle physiology, we developed a myofiber-specific and tamoxifen-inducibie SRF Knockout mice model. After induction of SRF loss, mutant muscles exhibits similar alterations to those observed during muscle aging. We also observed an important age-associated decrease in SRF expression in control muscles. Thus SRF loss with age could contribute to the natural muscle aging process. To assess the role of SRF during hypertrophy, I submitted muscles of mutant and control mice to an overload-induced hypertrophy and showed that only controls muscles show a hypertrophic response. The lack of hypertrophy in mutant muscles is due to an impairment of satellite cells proliferation and fusion. In fact, SRF enhance hypertrophy through the control of IL6 and IL4 expression in a paracrine fashion. Our results show that SRF is involved in skeletal muscle maintenance and hypertrophy
Boutant, Marie. "Fonction et régulation du facteur de transcription COUP-TFII dans les cellules β du pancréas." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T047.
Full textThe development and maintenance of functional pancreatic β cell mass are essentials for an appropriate response to changes in blood glucose levels. Pancreatic β cell knockout of the COUP-TFII (Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II) gene, in adult heterozygous mice, led to glucose intolerance due to an impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We also reported that COUP-TFII expression is repressed by insulin. During this PhD, using COUP-TFII homozygous knockout mice and the 832/13 INS-1 β cells, our results suggested that COUP-TFII can provide sufficient stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin/TCF7L2 dependent transcription signaling pathway in response to GLP-1 to allow development of an appropriate β cell mass during the postnatal period. We also identified a DNA region of the promoter that down-regulates COUP-TFII expression by attenuating the activating effect of HNF4 !MODY1 in response to high glucose concentrations through FoxO1 signaling, a major downstream target of the insulin signaling pathway. Finally, individuals from the prospective DESIR cohort carrying the minor C-allele at rs3743462 which is located in these conserved upstream regulatory regions, displayed lower basal levels of circulating insulin and a lower insulin resistance index. In β cells, this polymorphism is associated with a decreased of basal level of COUP-TFII gene activation and an increased repression to high glucose concentrations. We showed that COUP-TFII binds the rs3743462-C oligonucleotide with higher affinity suggesting a possible autorepression of its expression. In conclusion, COUPTFII could be a key regulator of in vivo glucose homeostasis in mice and in human
Bidon, Baptiste. "Mediator and NER factors in transcription initiation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ093/document.
Full textThe synthesis of messenger RNA is a highly regulated process. During transcription initiation, a large number of proteins are recruited to gene promoter, including the RNA polymerase II, general transcription factors, co-activators, chromatin remodellers and the Mediator complex. Some DNA repair factors from the NER pathway are also recruited. Using cells derived from patients bearing mutations in either MED12 gene or XPC gene, we studied the roles of such proteins in transcription. MED12 patients are mostly characterised by intellectual disability and developmental delay. We showed that MED12 is implicated in the transcription regulation of immediate early genes like JUN, known for its role in neurological development and neuronal plasticity. JUN expression is markedly altered by MED12 mutations. We also showed that the position of the mutation influences this alteration, bringing possible explanation for inter-patients symptom variability. Meanwhile, XPC patients are mostly characterized by photosensitivity. We showed that XPC protein, which engages one of the NER pathways, is implicated in chromatin post-translational modification. Together with E2F1, it helps the recruitment of GCN5 acetyl-transferase to promoter of a certain set of genes. On the promoter, GCN5 notably cooperates with TFIIH to modify the chromatin environment during transcription initiation. In addition to help the comprehension of the transcription mechanisms, these results bring knew insight into the aetiology of mutations associated diseases
Chantôme, Aurélie. "Régulation de la NO synthase inductible dans des cellules épithéliales mammaires murines par des récepteurs à domaine TIR." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOMU03.
Full textLaurent, Benoît. "Fonctions et modes d'action du facteur de transcription Gfi-1B au cours de l'érythropoïese normale et pathologique." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T029.
Full textErythropoiesis, process of erythrocytes production from hematopoietic stem cells, involves the activation of a specific transcriptional program. The transcriptional represser Gfi-1B is essential for erythropoiesis as mice knocked-out for this gene die in utero because of an absence of red cells. The aim of my doctoral researches was to study and characterize functions and actions of the transcription factor Gfi-1B during adult erythropoiesis. My results have shown: II that Gfi-1B expression increases strongly during erythroid differentiation and stays high till terminal stages. Decrease of Gfi-1B co-repressor recruitment on its own promoter allows its transcriptional activity throughout erythroid differentiation. 2/ that HMGB2 protein is necessary for erythropoiesis by controlling Gfi-1B expression 3/ that Gfi-1B is necessary at the bipotent erythro-megakaryocytic progenitor stage by regulating TGF-P signalling via the control of the expression of TGF-P receptor type III, a Gfi-1B target gene. 4/ that transcriptional repression by the LSDl/CoREST/HDAC complex involves the methylation of a Gfi-1B isoform. Interestingly, a decrease hi the Gfi-1B expression and its isoform was shown in most of the erythroid progenitors from myelodysplasic patients
Coumailleau, Pascal. "I - clonage et expression d'un gene de la famille hsp90 au cours du developpement chez l'amphibien urodele pleurodeles waltlIi - signification de l'interaction entre la proteine hsp90 et deux facteurs de transcription a motif helice-boucle-helice(hlh)." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S029.
Full textAllègre-Cultot, Jennifer. "Analyse de la régulation du facteur de transcription E2F1 par cIAP1." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCI013/document.
Full textThe cellular inhibitor of Apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) behaves as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and has oncogenic properties. Previously, our team has shown that cIAP1 can regulate the E2F1 transcription factor activity. My research project has been focused on deepening our current knowledge on this interaction. Firstly, we characterized the E2F1-cIAP1 interaction, then we analyzed the regulation of E2F1 by cIAP1 and finally assessed the importance of the cIAP1-E2F1 interaction for the oncogenic properties of cIAP1. I have demonstrated a interaction of E2F1 with the hydrophobic pocket of the BIR3 domain of cIAP1. Moreover, I highlighted that the alpha 1 helix of the BIR3 domain is mandatory for the stability of this pocket. Moreover, we discovered an ubiquitination on lysine 161 and 164 of E2F1 by cIAP1. This ubiquitination is essential for the stability and transcriptional activity of E2F1. Finally, it appears that the cIAP1 BIR1 domain that is required for the interaction with TRAF2 is involved in its oncogenic properties
Mazuy, Claire. "Etude de l’interaction entre le récepteur nucléaire FXR et le facteur de transcription FOXA2 dans le foie." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S055/document.
Full textThe liver is a key regulator of whole-body energy metabolism. The nuclear receptor super-family plays a leading role in the metabolic sensing of the liver. Among the nuclear receptors, the bile acid nuclear receptor FXR contribute to the modulation of liver activity in particular through the regulation of bile acid, lipids and glucose homeostasis. Consequently, FXR became a potential therapeutic target for many diseases implicated metabolic disorder such as cholestasis, type 2 diabete or Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Despite promising results especially on NASH, patient treatment with FXR agonist the INT747 seems to increase LDL-Cholesterol plasma concentrations together with a decreased concentration of HDL-Cholesterol suggesting a higher risk to develop atherosclerosis. These effects on plasma lipid profile are the major break against the development of agonists in clinics. Giving the poor understanding and knowledge of the molecular mechanisms which govern FXR regulation of activity on various signaling pathways, it is of major interest to find new partners and regulators of FXR and especially on lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. One of the transcription factor known to be active in the control of these signaling pathways in the liver is the forkhead box transcription factor FOXA2. This transcription factor whose activity is dependent of physiological conditions is activated by glucagon and inhibited by insulin. In addition, this factor is known to regulate bile acid, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, functions very close from FXR activities in the liver.The objective of this PhD was to study the interaction between FXR and FOXA2 signaling pathways in different hepatic cells lines from human or mouse origin and in the liver. We established that FOXA2 and FXR are colocalised in HepG2 cells and liver chromatin near genes implicated in the lipid and cholesterol metabolism. These FXR/FOXA2 cobinding zones present few consensus FOXA2 response elements suggesting the implication of non consensus binding motifs or a “tethering” mechanism. We show that FOXA2 binding to FXR/FOXA2 cobinding zones is increased when FXR is activated and/or more present in the chromatin evoking a potential interaction between these two factors. We demonstrate that FXR and FOXA2 interact physically and that FOXA2 is a repressor of FXR transcriptional activity using different approaches and cellular models. Finally, we show that FOXA2 is implicated in glucagon-induced repression of FXR transcriptional activity on Shp gene.To conclude, our results show for the first time that the fasting key regulator of lipid and cholesterol homeostasis FOXA2 is a repressor of FXR transcriptional activity through a plausible mechanism involving “tethering” process. This work gives a novel mechanism by which FXR activity can be modified by nutritional status in a gene-specific manner
Duployez, Nicolas. "Etude des altérations génomiques acquises dans les leucémies aiguës myéloïdes impliquant le core binding factor." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S037/document.
Full textRUNX1 and CBFB encode subunits of the core binding factor (CBF), a heterodimeric transcription factor required for the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis. Deregulation of the CBF is one of the most frequent aberrations in hematological malignancies. Since CBF disruption alone is insufficient to induce acute myeloid leukemia (AML) on its own, AML with CBF involvement is considered as a model of multistep leukemogenesis requiring additional genetic aberrations.Here, we focused on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion and AML with inv(16)/CBFB-MYH11 fusion, reported together as CBF AML, as well as AML with germline RUNX1 mutation (defining the familial platelet disorder with propensity to develop leukemia or FPD/AML).In order to explore additional genomic aberrations, we performed comprehensive genetic profiling in CBF AML patients enrolled in the French trials ELAM02 (0-18 years) and CBF2006 (18-60 years) using both high-throughput sequencing (n=215) and single nucleotide polymorphism-array (n=198). In addition, we sequenced samples from 25 individuals with FPD/AML (15 pedigrees) diagnosed between 2005 and 2014 at thrombocyto-penic stage and during leukemic progression.In CBF AML, mutations in genes activating tyrosine kinase (TK) signaling were frequent in both subtypes as previously described by others. By contrast, we found mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers or members of the cohesin complex with high frequencies in t(8;21) AML (41% and 18% respectively) while they were nearly absent in inv(16) AML. Interestingly, such mutations were associated with a poor prognosis in patients with TK mutations suggesting synergic cooperation between these events. Other events included ZBTB7A and DHX15 mutations in t(8;21) AML (20% and 6% respectively) and FOXP1 deletions or truncating mutations in inv(16) AML (7%). Finally, we described CCDC26 disruption as a possible new lesion associated with aberrant TK signaling in this particular subtype of leukemia (4.5% of CBF AML).In FPD/AML, mutational analysis revealed the acquisition of a second event involving RUNX1 in all patients with AML including somatic mutation of the second allele or duplication of the germline RUNX1 mutation through copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity and trisomy 21. In clinical practice, we suggest that the occurrence of two different RUNX1 mutations or a single RUNX1 mutation with a variant allele frequency higher than 50% in a patient with AML should alert about the possibility of FPD/AML
Perilhou, Anaïs. "Le facteur de transcription COUP-TFII, un nouvel acteur dans le contrôle de l'homéostasie glucidique dans le foie et le pancréas." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T028.
Full textMetabolic pathways concerned in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in liver and pancreas are precisely controlled at gene level. We showed that COUP-TFII (Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II) deletion from pancreatic beta cells in heterozygous mice led to abnormal insulin secretion. This work reveals that 1) COUP-TFII expression is negatively controlled by glucose and insulin in pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes, in vivo and in vitro, via ChREBP and Foxo-1 signaling; 2) COUP-TFII inhibates insulin genes transcription, as well as insulin content and insulin secretion in beta 832/13 ENS-1 cell line, and decreases the fatty acid esterification capacity in these cells; 3) COUP-TFII and HNF-4alpha (MODY-1) activate one another their expression in pancreatic beta cells. These results conduct and argue to propose an important contribution of COUP-TFII hi the control of glucose homeostasis in the fasted state, and potentially in pathologies as type 2 diabetes
Auvray, Céline. "Fonction des homéoprotéines HOXC4 et HOXB4 dans l'expansion des cellules souches hématopoïétiques humaines et étude de leurs cibles moléculaires." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077101.
Full textIn the aim to improve amplification of immature cells without modifying their capacity of multi-lineage differentiation, the laboratory developed, initially, an original method to expand human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in co-culture with mouse stromal cells line that constitutively produce the human HOXB4 homeoprotein. In order to improve this expansion, I analyzed the effect of HOXC4, a paralog of HOXB4 on thé same expansion model. In this study, we have shown that our approach consisting in transferring HOXC4 proteins into HSCs allows the expansion, in the same range than HOXB4, of all hematopoietic populations : mainly mature (CFC) and immature (LTC-IC) progenitors and cells able to reconstitute in vivo hematopoiesis on immunodeficient mice (SRC). The molecular mechanisms and the target genes in particular by which HOXB4 or HOXC4 act, are not clearly established. In that aim, comparative transcriptomic analysis of CD34+ cells exposed or not to HOXB4 or HOXC4 was performed. The results, first, highlight similar molecular mechanisms for both homeoproteins. These proteins induce the same trancriptomic profile and modify a set of genes involved in major cellular function such as protein synthesis, ARN processing, cell cycle and DNA replication. Second, we also identified genes previously described in stem cell expansion or maintenance in several tissues and species. Among them, we started to study WDR50 in human hematopoietic cells whose ortholog in Drosophila maintains germinal stem cells in the stem fate. In human, functional studies in leukemia cells, in HSCs and during the differentiation of CD34+cells are in progress
Singh, Amita. "Involvement of TFIIH in NER factors mediated chromatin remodeling." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ108/document.
Full textFidelity in transcription of the gene requires assembly of set of proteins around the promoter,upon gene activation. The TFIIH complex is central among these proteins and plays a key role through its enzymatic subunits. Mutations in TFIIH subunits XPB, XPD and p8/TTD-A leads to three distinct autosomal recessive disorders: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), sometimes associated with Cockayne’s syndrome (XP/CS) and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). By studying the different mutation in these three subunits of TFIIH from mentioned genetic disease models, we have shown that each mutation analyzed led to a specific transcriptional dysregulation of theRAR-target gene RAR 2. The architectural and enzymatic integrity of TFIIH condition the appropriate recruitment of TFIIH complex and further the arrival of the Nucleotide ExcisionRepair (NER) factors. By disturbing their recruitment, mutated TFIIH consequently compromised the chromatin remodeling mediated by NER factors such as histones posttranslational modifications (PTMs), DNA breaks induction, DNA demethylation and genelooping. Hence it can be concluded that in addition to its enzymatic activities, TFIIH provide a platform to recruit the NER factors and orchestrates the related functions in transcription. Such varying penetrance among mutants gives rise to a phenotype gradient as observed in TTD, XPor XP/CS patients
Ziani, Salim. "Etude du complexe de réparation par excision de nucléotides." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ125/document.
Full textDuring my thesis I worked on two projects, the first one was focused on the functional study of TTDA subunit of TFIIH, which is a general transcription factor involved in NER, we made a double hybrid screening to identify new interactants of TTDA subunit, and we could select ZBTB38, which is known to be implicated in methyl dependant gene repression; we confirmed its interaction with TTDA and its involvement in NER. The second project was entiteled Molecular Insights into the formation of the nucleotide excision repair complex revealed on undamaged chromatin. we analyzed the formation of the PInC independently of DNA damage by using the LacO-LacR system. We observed a sequential and ordered self-assembly of the PInC operating upon immobilization of individual NER factors on undamaged chromatin and mimicking that functioning on a bona fide NER substrate. We also revealed that the recruitment of TTDA, involved in Trichothiodystrophy disorder, was key in the completion of the PInC
Berlin, Irina. "Role of BRN2 transcription factor in proliferation and migration of the melanocyte lineage and implication of β-catenin and Dicer in the response of melanocytes to UV irradiation." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T046.
Full textMelanocytes protect the organism against the deleterious effects of UV rays by synthesizing melanin. The malignant transformation of these cells leads to melanoma, a particularly aggressive cancer refractory to treatment. Several proteins, such as BRN2, β-catenin and Dicer, involved in various cellular processes, were shown to be misregulated in melanoma. This PhD thesis is focused on the importance of BRN2 phosphorylation status on the proliferation and migration of the melanocyte lineage and on the implication of BRN2, β-catenin and Dicer in the response of melanocytes to UV-exposure. First, we showed that the non-phosphorylable (BRN2AA) and phosphorylable (BRN2TS) form of BRN2 leads to differential control of proliferation and migration of melanocyte lineage. Furthermore, we investigated the binding and transactivation of BRN2AA and BRN2TS on MITF and PAX3, two targets of BRN2 involved in the establishment and transformation of the melanocyte lineage. Both BRN2 forms similarly repress MITF transcription, whereas PAX3 transcription is induced by BRN2TS but repressed by BRN2AA. Altogether, melanocyte migration and proliferation are controlled by the BRN2 phosphorylation status through PAX3 and by the total BRN2 level through MITF. Second, we evaluated the possibility of BRN2 regulation following UV-stimulation of melanocytes. We brought evidence that BRN2 expression is regulated at transcriptional and transcript level following UVB irradiation. Furthermore, we showed that BRN2 controls Dicer transcription and that BRN2 and Dicer create a feedback loop that regulates both the expression of the BRN2 and Dicer genes. Third, we considered the importance of β-catenin on the regulation of Dicer expression in the response of melanocytes to UV exposure. We showed that the exposure of melanocytes to UV light leads to (i) the inhibition of Dicer expression associated with (ii) β-catenin stabilization and accumulation into the nucleus, and (iii) induction of pigmentation as aresult of Dicer repression. Altogether these events may represent important melanogenesis processes after UV light induction
Degerny, Cindy. "Sumoylation et régulation de l'activité de transcription ERM." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-69.pdf.
Full textGrandjean-Laquerriere, Alexia. "Mécanismes de régulation de la production de cytokines pro-inflammatoires (TNF-α,IL-6,IL-)8 et IL-18 et anti-inflammatoire (IL-10) : modèle du kératinocyte humain irradié par des UVB/Alexia Grandjean." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMP202.
Full textLesage, Kevin. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle et implication du facteur de transcription TgAP2X-5 dans la régulation des gènes de virulence chez Toxoplasma gondii." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S044.
Full textToxoplasma gondii is a unicellular eukaryote belonging to the Apicomplexa phylum. It is an obligate intracellular parasite of critical importance to primarily infected pregnant women and immunosuppressed patient. Its life cycle is complex, with multiple proliferation and differentiation steps, of which tachyzoite proliferation is the most relevant to pathogenesis in humans. Tachyzoites express invasion and virulence factors that are crucial for their survival and the manipulation of host cell functions. Expression of these virulence factors is tightly regulated permitting their correct targeting in specific organelles named rhoptry and microneme. However, little is known about the factors controlling the expression of genes encoding the virulence factors. ApiAP2 are a family of conserved transcription factors (TF) that play an important role in regulating gene expression in apicomplexan parasites. Previous studies had revealed the ability of one of these TFs, TgAP2XI-5, to bind to transcriptionally active promoters of genes expressed during the S/M phase such as rhoptry and micronemes genes. However, expression of TgAP2XI-5 is constitutive during the tachyzoite cell cycle. To better understand how its function is regulated, we identified proteins interacting with TgAP2XI-5 including a cell cycle regulated ApiAP2 TF, TgAP2X-5. Using an inducible knock-down strategy and RNA-Seq, we demonstrate that the level of expression of number of rhoptry and microneme transcripts is affected by the disruption of TgAP2X-5 expression. While TgAP2X-5 disruption has mild effect on parasite growth and invasion, it leads to the strain avirulence in mice. To better understand the molecular mechanisms at stake, we investigated the binding of TgAP2XI-5 at promoters in the TgAP2X-5 mutant in a genome-wide assay. We show that disruption of TgAP2X-5 expression leads to defects in TgAP2XI-5 binding to multiple rhoptry gene promoters. Complementation of the TgAP2X-5 mutant restores the expression of rhoptry proteins previously affected. This is the first evidence of a cooperative action of ApiAP2 TF in Apicomplexa
Cluzeau, Céline. "Etude des voies Edar/NF-қB et Wnt/β-caténine dans les dysplasies ectodermiques et le développement des annexes épidermiques." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T050.
Full textHypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (or HED) is the most frequent form of ectodermal dysplasia, and is characterized by absence of teeth, hair and sweat glands. EDA, EDAR and EDARADD genes are responsible for most cases of HED. The ligand EDA binds to its receptor EDAR and uses the adaptor protein EDARADD to activate the transcription factor NF-қB. In order to identify new genes responsible for HED, I characterized genetically our patients. We first identified new mutations in the three already known genes. We showed that both dominant and recessive forms of HED are allelic to EDARADD locus. I then identified mutations in the WNT10A gene, recently implicated in atypical forms of HED. I finally localized a novel region on chromosome 14 in a family affected with a dominant form of HED. At the same time, I pursued the molecular characterization of EDA/EDAR/NF-қB signalling, by studying the involvement of TRAF6/TAB2/TAK1 complex in this pathway. I studied the interaction between EDA/EDAR/NF-қB and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways to understand their role in ectodermal appendages differentiation. I demonstrated that EDA/EDAR signalling inhibit Wnt/β-catenin pathway via the HIPK2 kinase, whose gene is a new target of NF-қB
Moreau, Marie. "La ß-caténine et le NF-Kß coopèrent pour réguler le système uPA/uPAR dans des cellules tumorale." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077113.
Full textThe Wnt/ß-catenin signaling influences many cellular processes including cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) have been reported as target genes of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in colon cancer cells, since their expression is directly regulated through ß-catenin, binding to the T-cell factor binding element (TBE) motifs present in their promoters. Using three cancer cell models (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SW480, breast and colon cancer cell lines, respectively) we demonstrated that silencing of ß-catenin increased uPA, uPAR and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression and the invasive potential of cancer cells. In addition, p-catenin stabilization and accumulation by lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) or by ß-catenin/Tcf-4 expression vectors transfection led to a decrease in uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 mRNA expression in the studied cancer models. Moreover, the treatment of P-catenin siRNA transfected cells with a specific inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-KB) translocation, SN50, significantly reduced enhancement of uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 expression and cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, ß-catenin siRNA treated cells exhibited NF-KB nuclear translocation. In this study we present evidence of a novel cross-talk between ß-catenin and uPA/uPAR System through NF-KB cooperation in breast and colon cancer cells. Our results strengthen the emerging view that ß-catenin exerts different effects on tumor cells and that the therapeutic strategy of its inhibition could involve more complex mechanisms than originally anticipated
Fraisse, Ingrid. "Etude de la régulation du gène vrille, impliqué dans la croissance et la prolifération chez Drosophila melanogaster." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077182.
Full textThe Drosoplhila melanogaster vrille (vri) gene solated in the lab is homologuous of genes involved in growth, proliferation or apoptosis. It encoded a bZIP transcription factor repressing the Cycle and cryptochrome key genes of the circadian clock. The alteration of its human homolog, E4BP4/NF-IL3, is responsible of leukaemia The vri gene pattern is dynamic during the development but we don't know in which pathway vri implicated. To understand its role in the very important process during the development like growth or apoptosis, we choose the look for the VRI targets and regulators. By bioinformatics approaches we find that vri could be its own target. The PAR-bZIP factor, PDP1 should be a vri regulator. PDP1 is a transactivator of myogenic gènes et is involved in regulation of larval growth. It play a VRI antagonistic role in the circadian clock. Molecular and genetic tools, allow us to confirm these results in vivo. It seems that VRI and PDP1 may act together to regulate the tissue growth during the embryogenesis and larval development. Furthermore, any studies were made about PDP1 role in adult tissues formation. The genetic tools made during my thesis, let me suppose a role of PDP1 in the muscular and wing differentiation adult tissues
Schnekenburger, Michael. "Régulation de l'expression de la glutathion S-transférase P1-1 au cours de la différencification de la lignée leucémique humaine K562." Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000075.pdf.
Full text@Glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1-1 is an enzyme implicated in carcinogenesis and closely associated with the development of resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Our working hypothesis is based on the fact that the cellular differentiation can be used as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of leukaemias. We wanted to know if the GSTP1-1 expression is modulated during erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation. Results show that its expression is increased during aclarubicine (acla), doxorubicin (dox) and hemin-induced erythroid differentiation of the human K562 cells (a pluripotent chronic myelogenous leukaemia). In contrast, GSTP1-1 expression is down-regulated during phorbol ester TPA-induced megakaryocytic differentiation of these cells. Moreover, time- and concentration-dependent activation of both erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation pathways by butyric acid progressively inhibited GSTP1-1 expression. An analysis of the GSTP1-1 promoter sequence enabled us to discover two GATA sequences. By electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we determine the specificity of a GATA-1 binding on the site located at -1208. GATA-1 is known to be implicated in the process of hematopoietic differentiation and we show that GATA-1 promoter binding activity is correlated with the GSTP1-1 mRNA expression depending on the differentiation pathway induced by acla, dox, TPA and butyrate. A post-transcriptional stabilization of mRNA is involved in GSTP1-1 increase during hemin-induced erythroid differentiation. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the implication of GATA-1 transcription factor in differentiation-specific variations of GSTP1-1 expression
Saudemont, Alexandra. "Origine évolutive des plans d'organisation chez les bilatériens : étude du déterminisme génétique de la subdivision du mésoderme chez l'annelide platynereis dumerilii." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077209.
Full textOur vision of metazoan phylogeny was deeply modified since ten years: the current model species in developmental biology constitute a very imperfect sampling of animals, with a notable lack of models within Lophotrochozoans. However, a good sampling of the species is crucial to deal with any evolutionary question, such as the origin of body plans. A way of tackling this question is to study the aspects of the animal development from which body plans result, such as for example mesoderm subdivision in distinct territories that will give rise to the various mesodermal organs. This thesis presents the study of the genetic determinism of mesoderm subdivision in a Lophotrochozoan model, the polychaete annelid Platynereis dumerilii. In Drosophila, the NK complex genes are known for their implication in mesoderm subdivision, while the situation is less clear in the vertebrates. A systematic phylogenetic analysis of this family of homeodomain transcription factors showed that its diversification took place before the separation of the lines of Cnidarians and Bilaterians. The study of these genes in an annelid suggests that their functions were various and numerous in the last common ancestor of Bilaterians, Urbilateria. They would have been implied not only in mesoderm subdivision, but also, for some, in the ontogenesis of the nervous System or pharynx development. These results support the idea of an Urbilateria ancestor more complex than it traditionally was imagined
Garçon, Loïc. "Mécanismes physiologiques de l'érythropoïèse : de STAT5 à Gfi-1B." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077245.
Full textRegulation of erythropoiesis is totally dependent on erythropoietin (EPO). After binding to its receptor, EPO activates many transduction pathways implicated in cell prolifération, survival and differentiation. We observed that either expression of a constitutively active form of STAT5 or overexpression of its anti-apoptotic target Bel-XL were sufficient for induction of erythroid differentiation in human primary cells. In parallel, using a comparative analysis of cDNA libraries, we identified the transcription factor Gfi-1B as preferentially expressed in erythroid cells. We observed that a knock-down of Gfi-1B delayed the terminal differentiation of K562 and primary cells. In contrast, forced expression of Gfi-1B in UT7 and K562 cells led to induction of erythroid differentiation. We concluded that Gfi-1B played a critical role in terminal differentiation of human erythroid progenitor cells
Bontemps, Yannick. "Clonage moléculaire et caractérisation du gène humain codant l'Uridine diphospho-glucose deshydrogènase (UGDH)." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMM206.
Full text@UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) is a unique pathway enzyme, which furnishes in vertebrates the UDP-glucuronic acid. Using a reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction approach, human ant murin UGDH was cloned from fibroblasts mRNA. The gene is expressed in all murin tissue studied and in all cell culture too. Using long and accurate PCR approach, we have cloned the human UGDH. The gene contains 12 exons and spans over 26 kb. Primer extension analysis identified the transcription start site 165 bases upstream from the translation initiation site. Next, we have cloned and characterized the promoter. The minimal promoter contains a functional inverted TATA box. TGF-b or hypoxia regulates the expression of UGDH. The core promoter contained numerous GC-rich sequences for binding of Sp1 transcription factor. Gel shift assay and bisantrhracyclin (an anti-Sp1 compound) indicate that Sp1 sequences of UGDH core promoter are responsible for regulation of UGDH activity
Gautheron, Jérémie Francis Alexis. "Les processus d’ubiquitination dans la voie de signalisation NF-kB et leurs dérèglements en pathologie." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T052.
Full textThe NF-kB signaling pathway plays a key role in inflammation, immune response and protection against apoptosis. Its activity is controled by IKK, a kinase complex which is composed of two catalytic subunits (IKK1/IKK2) and one regulatory subunit (NEMO). It has been reported that intricate ubiquitination processes, still poorly defined, regulate the activity of IKK and involve NEMO. During this work, we have tried to define in more details the role of NEMO ubiquitination in the activation process of IKK and how it is controled by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6. A molecular analysis of NEMO mutations causing the genetic disease Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) has been carried out. This has allowed us to identify the interaction domains between NEMO and TRAF6, to get insights into the defects causing IP and, exploiting the data concerning the NEMO/TRAF6 interface, to propose a new strategy to modulate the NF-kB activation process
Rougerie, Pablo. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de FINROD, un nouvel inhibiteur atypique des Rho GTPases dans l’activation et la migration des lymphocytes T." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T031.
Full textIn the course of their lifes, T cells undergo many phenotypic changes. They adopt a migratory behavior to and through secondary lymphoid organs, and switch upon infection from a resting to an activated state. Migration and activation are partly regulated by Rho GTPases. They form a family of proteins whose activity is crucial in the modulation of many biological processes. We have identified the c6orf32 gene product as a partner of Rho GTPases in human lymphocytes. This protein is barely described in the literature and does not display any consensus motifs. We have shown that this protein is an inhibitor of RhoA. The expression level of c6orf32 accordingly modulates the ability of T cells to respond to migratory cues (chemokines) or activation signals (TCR triggering). The magnitude of individual cellular responses is not affected; however, the protein participates in setting the threshold of response of RhoA-dependent pathways. Furthermore, we have shown that the c6orf32 gene was controlled by FoxOs transcription factors, whose activities are repressed after T lymphocytes activation. Therefore, the c6orf32-encoded protein is associated with a resting phenotype. Biochemical studies led us to discover that this protein directly binds to RhoA and subsequently diminishes the amount of active RhoA in cells. Thus, we decided to name it FINROD (FoxOs-induced RhoA Down-modulator)
Latreche-Carton, Céline. "Rôle oncogénique des fragments de p65/RelA Nf-kB générés par l'activité de RIPK3." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S048/document.
Full textThe receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) can induce necroptosis, apoptosis, or cell proliferation, and is silenced in several hematological malignancies. We previously reported that RIPK3 activity independent of its kinase domain induces p65/RelA caspase-mediated cleavage resulting in N-terminal 1-362 and C-terminal 362-549 fragments. We show here that a non-cleavable p65/RelA D361E mutant expressed in DA1-3b leukemia cells decrease mouse survival and that coexpressed p65/RelA fragments increase tumoriginicty of B16/F1 melanoma cells that did not correlated with in vitro measured Nf-kB activity. Fragments and p65/RelA fragments display different expression profiles in DA1-3b leukemic cells, with the notable modulation of gene expression of the Stefin cysteine protease inhibitor family and of SLC4A5, a Na+-coupled HCO−3 transporter. DA1-3b cells expressing p65/RelA D361E mutant showed more basic intracellular pH. p65/RelA fragments induced ovexpression of PD-L1 immunoescape molecule in DA1-3b cells. Markers of stemness were also affected: p65/RelA D361E induced increased ALDH activity in DA1-3b cells and fragments expression resulted in increased melanoma sphere formation in B16/F1 cells. Thus, far from being neutral, p65/RelA cleavage initiated by kinase independent activity of RIPK3 induced a pleiotropic range of effects in vitro and in vivo in cancer cells, that may vary across tumor types
Gasparian, Sona. "Régulation de l'expression du gène T-bet pendant la différenciation des cellules th1 chez l'homme." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077213.
Full textFunctional distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells are essential to orchestrate efficient immune responses against different types of pathogens. T helper type 1 (Thl) cells promote cell-mediated immunity and are necessary to clear the organism from intracellular pathogens but are associated with autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. This indicates that the development of Thl cells must be tightly controlled. The transcription factor T-bet is specifically expressed by Thl cells and plays an important role in the differentiation of this subset. T-bet is implicated in chromatin remodeling and control of Thl-specific expression of the IFN-f gene. The goal of this project is to identify the mechanisms that regulate T-bet expression during human Thl cell development. The analysis of changes of the chromatin structure at the T-bet locus in Thl cells allowed us to identify four DNAsel hypersensitive sites (HS). We found that the position of the HS identified in our experiments corresponds to the position of the CNS identified « in silico ». In addition, we found that chromatin associated with HS is hyperacetylated on histone H3 in Thl cells. Taken together, these data indicate that these four regions are implicated in the regulation of the human T-bet gene. We found that triggering of the T cell receptor (TCR) alone is sufficient to induce strong expression of T-bet. We demonstrated that NF-AT family members are implicated in this process
Orsini, Marion. "Inhibition de l’érythropoïèse par la voie TNFα/sphingomyélinase/céramide : rôle du réseau de régulation microARN/facteurs de transcription et impact sur l’autophagie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0225/document.
Full textAnemia is a common symptom in cancer patients. It can be caused by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, a known inhibitor of erythropoiesis. Erythropoiesis involves proliferation arrest and autophagy. Our previous studies showed that TNFα inhibits the expression of erythroid markers as well as hematopoietic transcription factors (TF) expression. The aim is to study the involvement of TNFα/sphingomyelinase (SMase)/ceramide pathway in erythropoiesis inhibition using recombinant erythropoietin (Epo)-induced CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. Using exogenous ceramides, a bacterial SMase and sphingomyelinase inhibitors, we show the involvement of SMase/ceramide pathway in the inhibition of erythroid markers as well as the induction of myeloid differentiation as shown by the increase in CD11b expression. This effect is correlated to the modulation of the TF/miR network involving GATA-1, GATA-2 and PU.1 as well as miR-144, 451, 155, 146a and 223. We show that TNFα and ceramides inhibit Epo-induced autophagy through transmission electron microscopy analysis, the absence of GFP-LC3 punctae formation and SQSTM1/p62 accumulation. Analysis of proteins involved in autophagy regulation showed that TNFα and ceramides activate mTOR, which is confirmed using rapamycin as well as the inhibition of ULK1 and Atg13. Moreover, TNFα and ceramides inhibit Beclin 1 expression and Atg5-Atg12 complex formation. These results demonstrate the role of TNFα/SMase/ceramide pathway in hematopoietic homeostasis through an erythropoiesis-myelopoiesis switch resulting from perturbation of TF/miR network and autophagy
Essabbani, Abdellatif. "La clusterine : un nouveau régulateur de la voie NF-қB et de la mort cellulaire." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T025.
Full textClusterin: a new regulator of NF-kappaB pathway and cell death Clusterin is a multifunctional protein that plays numerous roles in mammalian cells. By mean of transcriptomic analysis, we previously demonstrated that lower expression of clu both in tissues and cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to osteoarthritic patients. We showed that CLU interacts with phospho-IkB-a and decreases the translocation of p50/p65 to the nucleus. To specify the interaction sites of CLU with its partners and to study the CLU isoforms roles, we generated several molecular constructs coding for various CLU regions of interest and test their role on NF-қB pathway and CLU subcellular localization. We have also developed a new approach of "exon skipping" in order to induce preferential expression of the nuclear spliced form of the gene. This strategy will allow a good understanding of nuclear forme poorly characterized
Poitevin, Stéphane. "Activation des monocytes par le collagéne de type I : libération de cytokines de gélatinase B et d'urokinase. Implication de protéine kinases et de NF-kB." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMM205.
Full textInflammatory processes involve the transmigration of peripheral blood monocytes through the endothelium into connective tissue, which is mainly composed of type I collagen fibers. Our results show an activation of monocytes during interaction with type I collagen: O2- production measured by NBT and cytochrome c reduction is enhanced, cytokines secretion (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6), gelatinase B and urokinase production are upregulated. TNF-a and IL-1b stimulate gelatinase B and urokinase production by an autocrine mechanism as determined by neutralizing antibodies. Monocytes interact with type I collagen through axb2 integrin which activate a signalling pathway involving p60Src, PI-3 kinase and p38 MAP Kinase as determined by specific inhibitors, immunoprecipitation and western-blot. Finally, NF-kB inhibitors (PDTC, curcumin, NAC) incubations and gel shift experiments demonstrate NF-kB activation which participate to TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, gelatinase B and urokinase expression
Benko, Sabina. "Altérations génomiques à grande distance d'éléments non-codants conservés et dérégulation d'expression tissu-spécifique au locus SOX9." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T039.
Full textSQX9 is a major developmental gene mapping to a vast gene desert that encompasses its regulatory domain. The SOX9 gene coding equence mutations result in campomelic dysplaisa (CD), a complex polymalformative syndrome. We showed that alterations of non-coding sequences (translocations, deletions or point mutations) at the SOX9 locus result in isolated CD endophenotypes namely Pierre Robin sequence (iPRS) and disorders of sex developpement (iDSD). Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that those alterations, located at great distance with respect to SOX9 coding sequences (>1,2Mb/iPRS; >500kb/iDSD), comprise regions conserved throughout the evolution that function as regulatory elements driving tissue specific gene expression of SOX9. We suggest that alterations identified in iPRS and iDSD patients represent a tissue specific loss of SOX9 expression in the mandibular mesenchyme or the developing gonad respectively, while other territories of normal SOX9 expression remain intact
Prost, Stéphane. "Caractérisation de la voie de signalisation PPAR-y/STATS 5 dans l'hématopoïèse normale et pathologique." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077073.
Full textInfection by HIV and SIV immunodeficiency virus induce multiple hematopoietic defects in Primates that reflect central hematopoietic disorders, which contribute to immunodeficiency in infected individuals. Here we show that CD34+ progenitor cells lost their clonogenic potential upon SIV infection, in parallel with down-regulation of STAT5A and STAT5B expression. This defect was entirely rescued by forced expression of STAT5B. We demonstrate that HIV/SIV Nef recapitulates SIV action on CD34+ progenitors ex vivo and is required for SIV action on hematopoietic progenitors in vivo. We further demonstrate that Nef activity strictly depends on thé presence of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-y). Our findings extend the crucial role of Nef in HIV/SIV pathogenicity. They further reveal the pivotal role of PPAR-y/STAT5 pathway in regulating early hematopoiesis. They provide an avenue for exploration of the therapeutic benefits of PPAR-y antagonists in AIDS patients, and also of PPAR-y agonists in hematopoietic disorders. In this context, we particulary focused on therapeutic potential of PPAR-y/STAT5 pathway in Bcr/Abl leukemic stem cells
Ignatyeva, Maria. "Identification et caractérisation de HIRIP3 comme nouveau chaperon d'histone H2A." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ028.
Full textThe genome of eukaryotic cells is packaged into chromatin, which establishment and maintenance require mechanisms of assembly and remodelling. This thesis work was dedicated to the characterization of two factors of chromatin assembly machinery. The first factor studied in this work was HIRIP3, a mammalian homologue of yeast H2A.Z chaperone Chz1. We aimed to test whether HIRIP3 is a histone chaperone by itself. At first, we established HIRIP3 interaction with histones in vivo. After then, we studied the structural specificity of this interaction in vitro. We have characterized HIRIP3 as a novel H2A histone chaperone that utilizes the CHZ motif for its function. The second part of this work was focused on SRCAP chromatin remodelling complex. We aimed to decipher its interaction network and to describe its sub-complexes. We have reconstituted YL1, SRCAP, TIP49A, TIP49B and H2A.Z/H2B core complex using baculovirus expression system. Our protocol allowed us to purify core complex suitable for future structural studies by cryo-electron microscopy
Courtine, Emilie. "Importance de la sous-unité cRel de NF-κB dans la réponse anti-infectieuse : Approche translationnelle." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T049.
Full textThe transcriptional factor NF-κB is a key element of the anti infectious response. NF-κB active form is made of dimers composed by five distinct subunits. Among those, p65 and p50 subunits are recognized to be essential in immune response. In contrast, the role of cRel subunit in anti-microbial response is still unclear. The aim of this research project was to investigate the place of cRel in immune response to infection and to study consequences of genetic variability affecting NF-κB activity. Ex vivo, consequences of absence of cRel were examined in a microarray study realized on MEFs from rel knock out (rel-/-) mice and stimulated by LPS. Here, we demonstrate that absence of cRel leads to an important defect in immune response affecting mainly inflammatory response and apoptosis, two major features of host response during severe infections. In vivo, in a murin model of peritonitis, we show that, despite a normal bacterial clearance, rel-/- mice have an altered early pro-inflammatory response and a late over mortality as compared to wild type mice. Genome wide analysis was also realized at D1 after CLP and revealed major changes in gene expression profiles between wt and rel-/- mice. Finally, in a translational approach, we show, in patients with septic shock, that a genetic variant leading to an NF-κB over activation is associated with an higher clinical severity, confirming the major importance of a controlled immune response. In conclusion, by a multiple approach, we show for the first time that the cRel subunit is a major element of the NF-κB transcriptional factor during severe infections
Polak, Katarzyna. "Role of the Eos and Helios transcription factors in regulatory T cell biology." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ011/document.
Full textThe transcription factors Eos and Helios have been described as modulators of regulatory T cell (Treg) functions. Our results suggest that they are not necessary for the differentiation and essential functions of CD4+ Treg cells. However, Helios-/- cells present a superior suppressive activity and a transcriptional profile of activated Treg cells. To test if Eos and Helios can cooperate to regulate Treg cell functions, we then analyzed double null mice. Our findings indicate that loss of both Eos and Helios has no effect on Treg cell biology during homeostasis. In addition, we showed that Eos and Helios are induced in CD8+ Treg cells. However, only loss of Helios, or both Helios and Eos, affect their differentiation. Altogether, these results suggest that Eos and Helios are not required regulate essential CD4+ Treg cell functions, but the absence of Helios may have an impact on their level of activation. Finally, Helios and Eos may play role of in the CD8+ Treg cell compartment
Bardot, Paul Louis Bernard. "Analyse de la composition et de la fonction de la machinerie basale de transcription au cours du développement et de la différenciation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ034.
Full textTFIID and SAGA are two multi-subunit complexes which play important roles in transcription and that contain the TAF10 subunit. By immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry, we analyzed the composition of TFIID and SAGA complexes in the embryo as well as in different cellular contexts. TFIID and SAGA complexes subunits were detected in different proportions depending on the cellular context. By gel filtration, we also detected distinct TFIID sub-complexes. In the absence of TAF10, TFIID and SAGA assembly is severely impaired but neither early somitogenesis nor global gene expression is affected. Steady-state and newly transcribed mRNA analyses in mES cells suggest that TFIID and SAGA are generally required for transcription initiation. However, the decrease of mRNA synthesis is compensated
Maurer, Gaëtan. "Analyse du rôle du facteur de transcription Ikaros dans le développement des lymphocytes TH17." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ115.
Full textTH17 cells are characterized by the expression of the cytokine IL-17A, as well as the transcription factor RORɣt. They are known to play key role in the pathogenesis of the multiple sclerosis. These cells exist in two forms: the regulating cells, immunomodulatory, and the pathogenic cells which are critical for the inflammation. Thus it is important to understand the mechanism which underlies the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells in these two cellular types. I found that the transcription factor Ikaros is an indirect repressor of the transcription of pathogenic genes (Il3, Csf2, Ifng, Stat4…) in naïve CD4+ T cells, cultured to induce a polarization toward regulatory TH17 cells. Moreover, in absence of Ikaros and in regulatory condition of culture, adding IL-6 alone increases the expression of GM-CSF, key factor to induce auto-immune diseases, suggesting a role of Ikaros in this pathway. In conclusion, our results suggest that Ikaros is necessary to polarize correctly naïve CD4+ T cells in TH17 cells
Brichler, Ségolène. "Le virus de l'hépatite delta : implication du stress oxydant, de STAT-3 et de NF-kappaB dans la pathogénèse virale." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T002.
Full textThe hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite of hepatitis B virus (HBV). HDV uses the HBV envelope proteins to form its viral particles. The HDV genome encodes two proteins, p24 (or small protein sHDAg) and p27 (or large protein LHDAg) from a single open reading frame located on the antigenome through an editing event occuring on the delta mRNA. P24 and p27 are identical, except for the 19 additional amino acids at p27 Cterminus, which contain an isoprenylation site on a cysteine residue at position 211 (C211). This isoprenylation is critical for addressing the delta ribonucleoprotein to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, for interaction with HBV envelope proteins, assembly and secretion of delta virions. During HBV/HDV co-infection, an inhibition of HBV replication is generally observed. However, the resulting liver disease is much more severe, with a higher incidence of fulminant hepatitis, and an accelerated progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms are unclear, but suggest a specific HDV-related pathogenesis. To explore these questions, we used a transient transfection of Huh7 hepatocytes, using plasmids encoding the p24 and p27 delta proteins. In a first study, we show that p27, and p24 to a lesser extent, inhibit HBV replication by blocking the activation of enhancers 1 and 2, reponsible for the high level of HBV replication. Moreover, p27 can activate the interferon type I (IFNa/b)-inducible MxA promoter, and potentiate the effect of IFNa/b on MxA promoter. In a second study we investigated possible specific pathogenic mechanisms relaed to HDV. The activation of oxidative stress pathways appears to be an elective mechanism in hepatitis B and C (HCV) pathogenesis. Indeed HCV nonstructural NS5A and core proteins, and HBV HBx and envelope proteins, can induce oxidative stress within infected cells. Many transcription factors involved in various cellular signaling pathways are thus activated. Among these, STAT-3, considered as a true oncogene and NF-kB are two key factors regulating proliferation and cell death. Their activation has been found in many types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results show that p27 induces a significant ER stress and an increased synthesis of the NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) enzyme, involved in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, and serine or threonine phosphorylation of many transcription factors. Indeed, in our model, ROS production is significantly higher in cells expressing p27, as well as phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT-3 and NF-kB. These results are confirmed by the use of antioxidants and calcium inhibitors that strongly inhibit this activation. Similarly, using a p27 plasmid construct in which C211 is mutated to serine, we obtained a 50% decrease of STAT-3 and NF-kB activation, confirming the role of isoprenylation in the observed effects. In conclusion, our results constitute a first approach to understanding the mechanisms of HDV-related liver pathogenesis
Nugues, Anne-Lucie. "Altération du ripoptosome dans la leucémie aiguë myéloïde." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018661.
Full textStrub, Thomas. "Mode d'action du facteur de transcription MITF dans la physiopathologie des cellules de mélanome humain." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ104.
Full textMITF (MIcrophthalmia-associated Transcription Factor) controls multiple aspects of the physiopathology of the melanocyte lineage. Using high throughput genomics techniques (ChIP-seq, RNA-seq), we show that MITF activates a set of genes involved in DNA replication and repair as well as mitosis to promote melanoma cell proliferation, while repressing genes involved in promoting their invasion. To better understand how MITF acts both as a transcriptional activator and repressor, we characterized the MITF interactome by tandem immuno-affinity purification and mass-spectrometry. A complex set of partners with coactivatoror co-repressor properties were identified (b-catenin, the BRG1 and NURF chromatin remodeling complexes) as well as novel factors with ubiquitin E3 ligase (HERC2) and ubiquitin-specific protease (USP11) activities. Functional characterization of HERC2 and USP11 suggests that they act as transcriptional cofactors for MITF essential for melanoma cell proliferation
Corvaisier, Matthieu. "Implication des co-activateurs transcriptionnels YAP/TAZ dans la régulation entre la croissance et la dormance tumorale des cellules du cancer colorectal : mécanismes moléculaires et perspectives thérapeutiques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S028/document.
Full textColorectal cancer is the most frequent and lethal cancerous pathology from the digestive system. Each year in France, 41 000 new cases are diagnosed and 17 000 patients die due to this pathology. This high mortality is mainly due to the rate of patients with liver metastatic lesions and the early relapse of those metastases after treatment. The use of chemotherapy prior to surgery induces a decrease of early relapse, however 2 years after resection this advantage is lost. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying escape to treatment is required to try to delay or prevent tumor recurrence.The aim of this doctoral work was to analyze clonal chemoresistant subpopulations derived from the colorectal cancer cell line HT29 after chronic exposure to 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) and molecular mechanisms associated with chemoresistance. The most chemoresistant clonal subpopulation, 5F31, stops its proliferation after treatment with high dose of 5FU, this behavior being associated with the modulation of the c-Yes/YAP axis. After treatment, 5F31 cells enter quiescence, interaction between c-Yes and YAP is lost and total and nuclear YAP protein expression reduces significantly (Igoudjil, Touil, Corvaisier et al. 2014, Clinical Cancer Research). The next step was to study functions of YAP protein in this chemotherapy- induced quiescence.Pharmacological or transient inhibition of YAP and its homolog TAZ, induces quiescence and reduces cellular growth in several colorectal cancer cell lines. On the other hand, overexpression of a constitutively active form of YAP in 5F31 cells forces cells to remain proliferative under 5FU treatment, enhancing 5F31 cell chemosensitivity to 5FU.Regarding proteic effectors, quiescence (either induced by 5FU or YAP/TAZ inhibition) is associated with loss of expression of the transcription factor c-Myc and Cyclin E1. In 5F31 cells expressing the active mutant form of YAP, Cyclin E1 expression is sustained after 5FU treatment through the activation of the transcription factor CREB. Cyclin E1 inhibition is sufficient to induce quiescence, therefore introducing this protein as one of the final effectors of YAP/TAZ co-activators in the regulation of the proliferation/quiescence switch in colorectal cancer cells (Corvaisier et al. 2016, Oncotarget).To conclude, our work reveals the importance of YAP/TAZ proteins for the maintenance of colorectal cancer cells proliferation through Cyclin E1 expression. Our work on liver metastases from patients with colorectal cancer shows that high expression of YAP/TAZ is connected to a higher proliferative index in metastatic lesions. Moreover, high YAP/TAZ expression is associated with shorter patient progression-free survival and shorter overall survival. Studying the expression and level of YAP/TAZ activation could be an interesting prognosis marker to anticipate metastatic relapse and potent druggable target to delay tumoral recurrence
Saad, Chadi. "Caractérisation des erreurs de séquençage non aléatoires : application aux mosaïques et tumeurs hétérogènes." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S014/document.
Full textThe advent of Next Generation DNA Sequencing technologies has revolutionized the field of personalized genomics through their resolution and low cost. However, these new technologies are associated with a relatively high error rate, which varies between 0.1% and 1% for second-generation sequencers. This value is problematic when searching for low allelic ratio variants, as observed in the case of heterogeneous tumors. Indeed, such error rate can lead to thousands of false positives. Each region of the studied DNA must therefore be sequenced several times, and the variants are then filtered according to criteria based on their depth. Despite these filters, the number of errors remains significant, showing the limit of conventional approaches and indicating that some sequencing errors are not random.In the context of this thesis, we have developed an exact algorithm for over-represented degenerate DNA motifs discovery on the upstream of non-random sequencing errors and thus potentially linked to their appearance. This algorithm was implemented in a software called DiNAMO, which was tested on sequencing data from IonTorrent and Illumina technologies.The experimental results revealed several motifs, specific to each of these two technologies. We then showed that taking these motifs into account in the analysis reduced significantly the false-positive rate. DiNAMO can therefore be used downstream of each analysis, as an additional filter to improve the identification of variants, especially, variants with low allelic ratio
Mastio, Jérôme. "Analyse du rôle du facteur de transcription Ikaros dans le développement des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ076.
Full textThe development and function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) must be tightly regulated to prevent autoimmune disease or leukemia. It was recently discovered that a fraction of human pDC-derived neoplasms exhibit loss of function mutations of the IKZF1 locus, which encodes the Ikaros transcription factor. Deciphering the function of Ikaros in pDCs could thus help understand its probable tumor suppressor function. Mice hypomorphic for Ikaros (IkL/L) are devoid of mature pDCs in the spleen and lymph nodes but accumulate immature pDCs in the bone marrow (BM). Interestingly IkL/L BM pDCs exhibit an ectopic activation of the Notch pathway. We found that a gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI), which inhibits Notch signalling,rescues the differentiation of functional pDCs in BM cultures. The main dendritic cell progenitors affected by GSI are the common myeloid progenitors (CMP) and the macrophage and dendritic cell progenitors (MDP). As GSI inhibits the activation of the Notch pathway, we also inactivated RBPJ, the transcriptional effector of the Notch pathway. Surprisingly, RBPJ inactivation did not recapitulate the effect of GSI. Moreover, RBPJdeficient IkL/L cells still respond to GSI, demonstrating that GSI targets additional events besides Notch in this system. Our data thus show that Ikaros is required for terminal differentiation of pDCs, and acts in part by blocking a Notch independent GSI-sensitive pathway
Kalakech, Hussein. "Conditionnement ischémique à distance : Rôles du facteur de transcription induit par l’hypoxie-1α et de l’apolipoprotéine A1." Thesis, Angers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ANGE0040.
Full textAlthough early restoration of blood flow to the ischemic heart is essential to reduce the extent of myocardial infarction, reperfusion per se may cause irreversible tissue injury. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), the phenomenon whereby brief episodes of I/R are applied in distant tissues or organs, can protect the myocardium against reperfusion injuries. Several studies suggest that transcription factors and humoral mediators may be involved in RIPC mechanisms ; however the actual identity of these factors remains unknown. Therefore, in the first part of the study, we aimed to identify the role of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) in the acute phase of RIPC. We have thus demonstrated, using two animal models: partially HIF-1α-deficient mice and rats pretreated with a pharmacological inhibitor of HIF-1α, that HIF-1α is not crucial for this phase of RIPC. In the second part of the study, we have used a more direct approach and attempted to identify one or more humoral mediators of RIPC. Based on the results of proteomic studies showing an increase in plasmatic apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) levels following RIPC, we thus sought to determine if Apo A1 may constitute a blood-borne factor involved in RIPC’s protective effects. Our findings indicated that Apo A1 injected before myocardial infarction in rats acutely protected the heart, recapitulating RIPC-induced cardioprotection and that Apo A1 share some common signaling pathways with RIPC. Apo A1 may then be a humoral mediator of RIPC
Nair, Asmaa. "Expression ectopique du gène homéotique Cdx2 dans les pathologies du système digestif." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ003/document.
Full textThe intestine-specific homeotic transcription factor CDX2 is required throughout life for intestinal homeostasis, the maintenance of intestinal identity and has tumor suppressor activity. In Human, ectopic expression of the gene Cdx2 is observed in several digestive organs as in intestinal metaplasia which is considered as pre-cancerous lesion. This work aimed to investigate the pathophysiological consequences and molecular mechanisms of ectopic expression of CDX2. We created and validated a conditional murine model of CDX2 induction in several digestive organs. Ectopic CDX2 causes intestinal metaplasias only in the stomach and the pancreas which do not spontaneously evolve to cancer, depending on cellular context. However, CDX2 promotes intestinal carcinogenesis in complete intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. Collectively, these results show that CDX2 is essential for the development of intestinal metaplasia but has no oncogenic function in ectopic situation
Balbinot, Camille. "Fonction et mode d'action du gène homéotique intestinal Cdx2 dans les cancers de l'intestin." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ006/document.
Full textThe intestine-specific transcription factor Cdx2 is required throughout life for intestinal homeostasis and for the maintenance of intestinal identity. Several recent studies showed that Cdx2 expression is dramatically reduced in some human colon cancers of poor prognosis. This work aimed to investigate the pathophysiological consequences of the loss of Cdx2 in the adult gut. Conditional mosaic ablation of Cdx2 in mice causes gastric-type metaplasia in the cecum which do not spontaneously evolve to cancer. However, these lesions strongly modify the inflammatory microenvironment which facilitates the malignant transformation of adjacent Cdx2-intact and cancer-prone epithelial cells. Collectively, these results unravel a novel and original function of Cdx2, namely its non-cell autonomous tumor suppressor activity in the gut