Relevant bibliographies by topics / Factor classification

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Academic literature on the topic 'Factor classification'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 17 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Factor classification"

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Tajima, Takuya, Nami Yamaguchi, Yudai Morita, Takuji Yokoe, and Etsuo Chosa. "Novel classification for multi-ligament knee injury including both tibiofemoral joint factor and patellofemoral joint factor (193)." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 10_suppl5 (2021): 2325967121S0030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00304.

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Objectives: Multi-ligament knee injury (MLKI) shows very varied symptoms which was depended on the combination of injured ligaments. Schenck`s knee dislocation classification which was one of useful classifications for surgeon in decision making. However, Schenck`s classification is only referred to the factors of cruciate ligament and collateral ligament. It is well known that knee joint consists of two important structure; tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint. Knee extensor structure is one of important factors of knee function. Dislocation of patella, quadriceps or patella tendon rupture are sometimes occurred in the knee trauma and provided severe instability or disability of knee function. Of course, these injuries were also target for consideration of treatment. Moreover, knee extensor structure disruption was sometimes combined with other knee ligaments such as cruciate or collateral ligament. Unfortunately, the case of combined cruciate or collateral ligament with knee extensor structure disruption could not classified in the previous classifications. Therefore, we proposed new classification for MLKI which contains both femorotibial factor and patellofemoral factor. We established and defined several categories in accordance with number of injured ligaments, combination of injured ligaments, and additional combined injury such as fracture, nerve injury, vascular injury. It was hypothesized that all cases at least two ligaments involved situation not only combination of tibiofemoral factor, but also including patellofemoral factor, could classify and divide into the new established classification. Methods: The present study was conducted in 2019, involving patient who was diagnosed MLKI at our institute. The study followed both retrospective and prospective observational design including data collected from Apr 2007 to Aug 2020. The experimental design was reviewed and approved (Accession No. 0-0602) by the Ethics Committee of our institute. The procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Inclusion criteria were the cases of two or more injured ligaments diagnosed clinically and by MRI testing and dynamic X-ray testing. Detail of ligament around knee joint were defined as follows; ‘cruciate ligaments` which contains ACL and PCL; ‘collateral ligaments` which contains MCL and posterolateral corner (PLC) certainly include lateral collateral ligament, and; ‘patellofemoral joint factor` which contains medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon. Exclusion criteria was any prior knee surgery cases. Total 65 MLKI cases were met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study. We focused on the number of injured ligaments, combination of the injured ligaments, and complication such as fracture, neurovascular injury. Based on the number of injured ligaments, 2 injured ligaments case was categorized as Type A, 3 injured ligaments case was as Type B, 4 ligaments case was as Type C, and 5 ligaments case was as Type D, respectively. We defined that injured ligament counting was follows; cruciate ligament group; ACL and/or PCL, collateral ligament group; MCL and/or PLC, and PF joint group; one of the MPFL or patellar tendon or quadriceps tendon. Depended on the combination of injured ligaments, each case was subdivided into 1 to 5 in Type A and B, into 1 to 3 in Type C. Additional injuries with MLKI were also subdivided as follows; MLKI with fracture case was defined as X, with neurovascular injury case was as Y, and both fracture and neurovascular injury case was as Z. (Table 1, 2, 3, and 4). For each case, final decision of injured ligament was recorded under clinical examination and image evaluation. MLKI cases were divided into both Schenk’s KD classification and the present new established classification. Results: Fifty-seven of 65 cases were divided into Schenck’s KD classification as follows; 19 cases of ACL+MCL and 13 cases of ACL+PLC and 9 cases of PCL+PLC and 2 cases of PCL+MCL as KD-?, 4cases of ACL+PCL as KD-? and one case of ACL+PCL with fracture as KD-?2, 6 cases of ACL+MCL, 2 cases of ACL+PCL+PLC as KD-?, and 1 case of ACL+PCL+MCL+MCL with fracture as KD-?5, respectively. Eight cases (12.3%) could not be divided into Schenk’s KD classification. Combination of these 8 cases were follows; 2 cases of PLC+MPFL, and single case of ACL+MCL+PLC, ACL+PCL+MCL+PLC+MPFL, ACL+MPFL, PCL+PLC+MPFL+ fracture, ACL+MCL+MPFL, and PCL+ patella tendon, respectively. Seven of 8cases contained PF joint factor injury. At the established new classification for MLKI, all 65 cases were divided into each category, successfully. PLC+MPFL was divided into Type-A5, ACL+MCL+PLC was Type-B2, ACL+PCL+MCL+PLC+MPFL was Type-D, ACL+MPFL was Type-A4, PCL+PLC+MPFL was Type-B3-X, ACL+MCL+MPFL was Type-B3, and PCL+ patella tendon was Type-A4. Conclusions: Several classification systems have been reported for diagnosis of MLKI cases. Kennedy `s classification and the French Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology 2008 classification were focused on the mechanism and direction of dislocation. These classifications were available for understanding comprehension mechanism of injured knee. However, previous classifications including Schenck’s classification were lack of PF joint factor. It is very important for knee surgeon that understanding injured mechanism as well as number of injured ligaments and combination of injured ligaments for decision making for surgery. The present classification was useful for MLKI case which contains both tibiofemoral factor and patellofemoral factor.
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Makarau, A., R. Müller, G. Palubinskas, and P. Reinartz. "HYPERSPECTRAL DATA CLASSIFICATION USING FACTOR GRAPHS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XXXIX-B7 (July 31, 2012): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xxxix-b7-137-2012.

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R.J., Ramteke, and Gharde S.S. "COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR MENTAL FACTOR CLASSIFICATION." ICTACT Journal on Soft Computing 12, no. 4 (2022): 2685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21917/ijsc.2022.0383.

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Artificial Wisdom is advancement of Artificial Intelligence where wisdom should be recognized with the intelligence. Wisdom can be realized by adding values in the positive decisions. This is resulted in to the overall behavior of human being. Behavior can be demonstrated with the help of simulating thought process. Thoughts are generated in the mind along with the mental state. Mental state also known as mental factor is responsible for arousal of different types of thoughts. Ancient Indian cannon Abhidhamm claimed 52 mental factors. These are categorized in three classes such as Ethically Variable Factor, Unwholesome Factor and Beautiful Factor. Proposed computational model of consciousness demonstrates the classification of the mental states. Dataset consists of 445 samples collected from various respondents by asking three questions. Preprocessing is performed by using the techniques of Natural language processing and nonaxiomatic logic. Convolutional Neural Network Machine learning technique applied to classify the mental factors. Performance of the proposed system is measured by applying statistical measures such as Accuracy, Precision, Specificity, Recall and F1-Score. Accuracy for small and large database is obtained as 86.92% and 93.02% respectively.
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Garcia, Enguer Beraldo, Liliane Faria Garcia, Saulo Terror Giesbrecht, et al. "ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS AND SIMILAR CONDITIONS: THREE-DIMENSIONAL CLASSIFICATION." Coluna/Columna 17, no. 4 (2018): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120181704191818.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To create a new comprehensive, three-dimensional, applicable classification for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and similar conditions. Methods: The Three-Dimensional Classification was created with three components: the first, the quantitative factor, divides into three types according to the number of curves; the second, the locator factor defines the most structured point of the curve; and the third, the sagittal factor, evaluates the overall sagittal plane. To test the new classification, we studied the images of 99 patients comparing the intra- and interobserver agreement and reproducibility index of the Three-Dimensional Classification with that of Lenke. Results: It can be stated that, overall, the agreement between the three evaluators in relation to the Three-Dimensional Classification and that of Lenke in this series was considered very good. Conclusions: The case study showed a significant difference in the percentages between the two Classifications. In the evaluation of thoracic kyphosis, the Three-Dimensional Classification defined 26.6% of the cases as hyperkyphosis and 61.6% as normal, whereas the Lenke Classification defined 6.06% as hyperkyphosis and 84.18% as normal. However, in the global comparative analysis of the methods, the Three-Dimensional and Lenke systems presented statistically the same levels of agreement, since the values of the confidence intervals overlap. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective study.
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Mandeep, Kaur* Dr. Raman Chadha Er. Pravneet Kaur. "MULTI-FACTOR REVIEW CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM FOR PRODUCT PROFILE BUILDING USING PROBABILISTIC CLASSIFICATION." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 8 (2016): 600–606. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.60104.

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The online shopping portals have been grown their popularity over the recent years and have gained the multi-billion dollar business by selling the variety of the goods from their portals. The online shopping portals post the major problem to customers in the case of the pre-purchase verification of the goods, which is the major reason behind the problem arising with the higher number of after sales product returns. The touch and feel of the product during purchasing gives the customers metal satisfaction as they completely investigate the product condition before paying the amount for purchasing. This factor is entirely missing from the online sales and the only factor available the customer review, which must be read entirely or the rating can be followed for the product quality. There are several cases come to fore for the false rating in the past, which also reduces the trust of the customer over such ratings. The customer review analysis algorithm with automatic reporting for the easy to access customer review factors can ease out the product quality evaluation process. In this paper, the proposed model entirely focuses upon the extraction and evaluation of the product quality based factor based upon the individual features, which gives the detailed review analysis and facilitates the users to easily decide upon their products. The proposed model has undergone the various kinds of the experiments and can be easily considered as the robust model. The proposed model has also outperformed the existing models in the terms of product review assessment and evaluation
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Konishi, Toshiki, Satoshi Hamai, Hidetoshi Tsushima, et al. "Pre- and postoperative Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee classification and its impact on clinical outcomes in total knee arthroplasty." Bone & Joint Journal 106-B, no. 10 (2024): 1059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.106b10.bjj-2023-1425.r1.

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AimsThe Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification has been developed to predict individual variations in inherent knee alignment. The impact of preoperative and postoperative CPAK classification phenotype on the postoperative clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains elusive. This study aimed to examine the effect of postoperative CPAK classification phenotypes (I to IX), and their pre- to postoperative changes on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).MethodsA questionnaire was administered to 340 patients (422 knees) who underwent primary TKA for osteoarthritis (OA) between September 2013 and June 2019. A total of 231 patients (284 knees) responded. The ­Knee Society Score 2011 (KSS 2011), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-12 (KOOS-12), and Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) were used to assess clinical outcomes. Using preoperative and postoperative anteroposterior full-leg radiographs, the arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA) and joint line obliquity (JLO) were calculated and classified based on the CPAK classification. To investigate the impact on PROMs, multivariable regression analyses using stepwise selection were conducted, considering factors such as age at surgery, time since surgery, BMI, sex, implant use, postoperative aHKA classification, JLO classification, and changes in aHKA and JLO classifications from preoperative to postoperative.ResultsThe preoperative and postoperative CPAK classifications were predominantly phenotype I (155 knees; 55%) and phenotype V (73 knees; 26%), respectively. The change in the preoperative to postoperative aHKA classification was a significant negative predictive factor for KOOS-12 and FJS-12, while postoperative apex proximal JLO was a significant negative predictive factor for KSS 2011 and KOOS-12.ConclusionIn primary TKA for OA, preoperative and postoperative CPAK phenotypes were associated with PROMs. Alteration in varus/valgus alignment from preoperative to postoperative was recognized as a negative predictive factor for both KOOS-12 and FJS-12. Moreover, the postoperative apex proximal JLO was identified as a negative factor for KSS 2011 and KOOS-12. Determining the target alignment for each preoperative phenotype with reproducibility could improve PROMs.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1059–1066.
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Girolami, Antonio, Maria Teresa Sartori, and Paolo Simioni. "AN UPDATED CLASSIFICATION OF FACTOR XIII DEFECT." British Journal of Haematology 77, no. 4 (2008): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb08629.x.

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KOHLER, H. P., A. ICHINOSE, R. SEITZ, R. A. S. ARIENS, and L. MUSZBEK. "Diagnosis and classification of factor XIII deficiencies." Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 9, no. 7 (2011): 1404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04315.x.

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Hume, Terry M., Ton Snelder, Mark Weatherhead, and Rick Liefting. "A controlling factor approach to estuary classification." Ocean & Coastal Management 50, no. 11-12 (2007): 905–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2007.05.009.

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Camiz, S., J. Denimal, and V. Pillar. "Hierarchical factor classification of variables in ecology." Community Ecology 7, no. 2 (2006): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/comec.7.2006.2.4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Factor classification"

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GOYAL, DEVENDRA. "EVALUATING WORK-FACTOR CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990816550.

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Andersson, Simon. "Trust as a factor in the information classification process." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85775.

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Risk management is an important part of every business. In order to properly conduct it, risk assessment and within it, information classification is needed. The information classification produces a list of information assets and states how they are valued within the organization. That is then used as an important part of the risk assessment process. In order to conduct such a valuation, users are consulted as they often times understand the value of information. However, using the CIA-Triad when communicating has proved to be difficult for users not knowledgeable in information security. Trust as a concept has been proven to have some connection to the concepts of the CIA-Triad and has been proposed as a possible translator in order to ease the communication of information value in the process of information classification. Semi-structured interviews were held with information security professionals in order to further understand the connection between the CIA-triad concepts and trust as well as to gain further understanding in the important parts of information classification. A thematic analysis showed how confidentiality and integrity are prominent factors that connect to trust, with availability, while still being mentioned as having a connection, was not as prominent. Further, the empirical data was used to build a model based on trust and importance that allows for a translation of the CIA-triad concepts. This resulted in a classification-scheme based model that allows trust as a concept to be used as a translator of the CIA-concepts, thus including trust as a concept in the information classification process.
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Funai, Tomohiko. "Extensions of Nearest Shrunken Centroid Method for Classification." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2402.

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Stylometry assumes that the essence of the individual style of an author can be captured using a number of quantitative criteria, such as the relative frequencies of noncontextual words (e.g., or, the, and, etc.). Several statistical methodologies have been developed for authorship analysis. Jockers et al. (2009) utilize Nearest Shrunken Centroid (NSC) classification, a promising classification methodology in DNA microarray analysis for authorship analysis of the Book of Mormon. Schaalje et al. (2010) develop an extended NSC classification to remedy the problem of a missing author. Dabney (2005) and Koppel et al. (2009) suggest other modifications of NSC. This paper develops a full Bayesian classifier and compares its performance to five versions of the NSC classifier using the Federalist Papers, the Book of Mormon text blocks, and the texts of seven other authors. The full Bayesian classifier was superior to all other methods.
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Key, Barbara A. "Five Whys Root Cause System Effectiveness: A Two Factor Quantitative Review." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3098.

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Several tools exist for root cause analysis (RCA). Despite this however, many practitioners are not obtaining the quality improvement desired. Those turning to literature for guidance would find most of the information resides in case studies with anecdotal outcomes. Since 5 Whys analysis has been one of the more pervasive tools in use, this study sought to add to the root cause analysis body of knowledge by investigating tool support factors. While studied in conjunction with 5 Whys, the support variables lend themselves to other root cause analysis tools as well. The purpose of the study was to utilize a 2 x 2 factorial design to determine the significance and effect on RCA effectiveness, of using a 5 Whys trained facilitator and action level classification. During the study, problem solving teams at service centers of a North American electric repair company conducted analysis with or without a trained facilitator. Additionally, corrective actions were or were not categorized by defined levels of ability to impact defect prevention. The dependent variable of effectiveness was determined by scoring from a weighted list of best practices for problem solving analysis. Analysis showed trained facilitators had significant effect on problem solving solutions, while classification had minimal
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Tricot, Michel. "A propos de quelques applications de la classification automatique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10077.

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Ce travail montre trois exemples d'applications originales de la Classification automatique. Un, concerne la gestion de systèmes informatiques, un autre, les micro-circuits, le dernier, les essais thérapeutiques. Une description complète est donnée des algorithmes «pseudo-hiérarchique» utilisée, que nous avons appelés «Algorithmes de percolation généralisés». Finalement, une étude critique de la validité des résultats est proposée
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Kordogly, Rima. "The classification patterns of bank financial ratios." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6815.

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Financial ratios are key units of analysis in most quantitative financial research including bankruptcy prediction, performance and efficiency analysis, mergers and acquisitions, and credit ratings, amongst others. Since hundreds of ratios can be computed using available financial data and given the substantial overlap in information provided by many of these ratios, choosing amongst ratios has been a significant issue facing practitioners and researchers. An important contribution of the present thesis is to show that ratios can be arranged into groups where each group describes a separate financial aspect or dimension of a given firm or industry. Then by choosing representative ratios from each group, a small, yet comprehensive, set of ratios can be identified and used for further analysis. Whilst a substantial part of the financial ratio literature has focused on classifying financial ratios empirically and on assessing the stability of the ratio groups over different periods and industries, relatively little attention has been paid to the classifying of financial ratios of the banking sector. This study aims to explore the classification patterns of 56 financial ratios for banks of different type, size and age. Using data from the Uniform Bank Performance Report (UBPR), large samples of commercial, savings, and De Novo (newlychartered) commercial banks were obtained for the period between 2001 and 2005, inclusive. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on a yearly basis to classify the banks' ratios after applying the inverse sinh transformation to enhance the distributional properties of the data. The number of patterns were decided using Parallel Analysis. The study also uses various methods including visual comparison, correlation, congruency, and transformation analysis to assess the time series stability and cross-sectional similarity of the identified ratio patterns. The study identifies 13 or 14 ratio patterns for commercial banks and 10 or 11 ratio patterns for savings banks over the period on which the study is based. These patterns are generally stable over time; yet, some dissimilarity was found between the ratio patterns for the two types of banks – that is, the commercial and savings banks. A certain degree of dissimilarity was also found between the financial patterns for commercial banks belonging to different asset-size classes. Furthermore, four ratio patterns were consistently identified for the De Novo commercial banks in the first year of their operations. However, no evidence of convergence was found between the ratio patterns of the De Novo commercial banks and the ratio patterns of the incumbent (that is, long established) commercial banks. The findings of this study bring useful insights particularly to researchers who employ bank financial ratios in empirical analysis. Methodologically, this research pioneers the application of the inverse sinh transformation and parallel analysis in the area of the ratio classification literature. Also, it contributes to the use of transformation analysis as a factor comparison technique by deriving a significance test for the outputs of this analysis. Moreover, this is the only large scale study to be conducted on the classification patterns of bank financial ratios.
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Gross, Brandi Nicole. "Input of Factor Graphs into the Detection, Classification, and Localization Chain and Continuous Active SONAR in Undersea Vehicles." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56609.

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The focus of this thesis is to implement factor graphs into the problem of detection, classification, and localization (DCL) of underwater objects using active SOund Navigation And Ranging (SONAR). A factor graph is a bipartite graphical representation of the decomposition of a particular function. Messages are passed along the edges connecting factor and variable nodes, on which, a message passing algorithm is applied to compute the posterior probabilities at a particular node. This thesis addresses two issues. In the first section, the formulation of factor graphs for each section of the DCL chain required followed by their closed-form solutions. For the detector, the factor graph determines if the signal is a detection or simply noise. In the classifier, it outputs the probability for the elements in the class. Last, when using a factor graph for the tracker, it gives the estimated state of the object being tracked. The second part concentrates on the application to Continuous Active SONAR (CAS). When using CAS, a bistatic configuration is used allowing for a more rapid update rate where two unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) are used as the receiver and transmitter. The goal is to evaluate CAS's effectiveness to determine if the tracking accuracy improves as the transmit interval decreases. If CAS proves to be more efficient in target tracking, the next objective is to determine which messages sent between the two UUVs are most beneficial. To test this, a particle filter simulation is used.<br>Master of Science
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Arabanian, Laleh Sadat. "Role of NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells) Transcription Factors in Hematopoiesis." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99739.

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Understanding the transcriptional mechanisms that control hematopoiesis and the interaction between hematopoietic stem cells and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in vivo is of considerable interest. The calcineurin-dependent transcription factor NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells) is known as master regulator of cytokine production in T lymphocytes and therefore central for T cell-dependent immune reactions, but has also been shown to regulate a process of differentiation and tissue adaptation in various cell types. The activation of NFAT is dependent on the calcium level within the cell. In resting cells, calcium levels are low and NFAT is cytoplasmic and inactive. A sustained increase in the internal calcium concentration within an external stimuli leads to activation of the calcium-dependent calcineurin, followed by dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NFAT. We have previously shown that NFATc2, a member of the NFAT family, is expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). A mouse model harboring NFATc2 deficiency provides the opportunity for in vivo investigation of the role of NFATc2 in hematopoiesis. Our recent observations showed that aged mice lacking the transcription factor NFATc2 develop peripheral blood anemia and thrombocytopenia, BM hypoplasia and extramedullary hematopoiesis in spleen and liver. The proliferation and differentiation of NFATc2-deficient hematopoietic stem cells ex vivo, however, was found to be intact. It remained therefore unclear whether the disturbed hematopoiesis in NFATc2-deficient mice was caused by the hematopoietic or the stroma component of the BM hematopoietic niche. In the current study we dissected the relative contribution of hematopoietic and stroma cells to the phenotype of the NFATc2-deficent mice by transplanting immuno-magnetically purified NFATc2-deficient (KO) HSCs to lethally irradiated wild type (WT) mice, and vice versa. After a post-transplantation period of 6-8 months, peripheral blood, BM as well as spleen and liver of the transplanted animals were analyzed and compared to WT and KO mice transplanted with control cells. Transplantation of NFATc2-deficient HSCs into WT recipients (KO WT) induced similar hematological abnormalities as those occurring in non-transplanted KO mice or in KO mice transplanted with KO cells (KO KO). Compared to WT mice transplanted with WT cells (WT WT), KO WT mice showed evidence of anemia, thrombocytopenia and a significantly reduced number of hematopoietic cells in their BM. Likewise, KO WT mice developed clear signs of extramedullary hematopoiesis in spleen and liver, which was not the case in WT WT control animals. In addition to the hematopoietic abnormalities, transplantation of NFATc2-deficient HSC also induced osteogenic abnormalities such as BM sclerosis and fibrosis in WT mice. This phenomenon was rather subtle and of incomplete penetrance, but never seen in mice transplanted with WT cells. These data demonstrate for the first time, that the NFATc2 transcription factor directly regulates the intrinsic function of hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. However, the transcriptional targets for NFAT in these cells are yet unknown. In addition to hematopoietic stem cells, NFATc2 has been shown to be expressed in a lineage-specific manner during myeloid differentiation and, notably, is maintained during megakaryopoiesis while it is suppressed during the differentiation of neutrophils. Bone marrow megakaryocytes are the precursors of peripheral blood platelets and therefore constitute an integral part of primary hemostasis, thrombosis and wound healing. The biological role of NFAT in megakaryocytes is unknown. We have recently shown that NFATc2 is not necessary for megakaryocytic differentiation. On the other hand, recent evidence suggests that NFATc2 is required for the transcription of specific megakaryocytic genes. In this study, we showed that activation of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in either primary megakaryocytes or CMK megakaryocytic cells forces the cells to go into apoptosis. Cell death in megakaryocytes is induced by treating the cells with the calcium ionophore ionomycin and suppressed by either the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD or the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). Ionomycin stimulation of megakaryocytes leads to the expression of Fas Ligand (FASLG), a pro-apoptotic member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Expression of FASLG was detectable as early as four hours after stimulation on the membrane of ionomycin-treated megakaryocytes, was augmented in cells stably overexpressing NFATc2, and was suppressed in cells either pretreated with CsA or expressing the specific peptide inhibitor of NFAT, VIVIT. To investigate the physiological relevance of FASLG expression on megakaryocytes, we performed co-cultures of megakaryocytes with Fas-expressing T-lymphocytes, in which CMK cells were left either unstimulated or pre-stimulated with ionomycin and then added to Jurkat cells. The presence of ionomycin-stimulated CMK cells, but not of unstimulated cells or cells stimulated in the presence of CsA, significantly induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Overexpression of NFATc2 in CMK cells enhanced their potency to induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells, while cells expressing VIVIT were less effective. Apoptosis induction of Jurkat cells by stimulated CMK cells was partially blocked by the presence of either a neutralizing antibody against FASLG or an antagonistic antibody to Fas during the co-culture period, indicating involvement of the FASLG/Fas apoptosis pathway. These results represent the first clear evidence for a biological function of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in megakaryocytes, namely the regulation of Fas/FASLG-dependent apoptosis. Second, they underline that the biological role of megakaryocytes is not restricted to the production of proteins and other cellular structures for platelet assembly, but that this population of cells fulfills an independent regulatory function in the context of the surrounding tissue. Finally, we have identified by RNA sequencing analysis of NFATc2-expressing and -deficient cells, the entire set of genes which is induced by NFATc2 in stimulated megakaryocytes. Functional pathway analysis suggests an involvement of NFATc2 in pro-inflammatory pathways in these cells. The significance of these findings has to be addressed in further studies.
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Schnell, Sondre Kvalvåg, Thijs J. H. Vlugt, Jean-Marc Simon, Signe Kjelstrup, and Dick Bedeaux. "Direct calculation of the thermodynamic correction factor, gamma, from molecular dynamics simulations." Diffusion fundamentals 16 (2011) 72, S. 1-2, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13814.

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Zhang, Ye. "On The Importance of Light Source Classification in Indoor Light Energy Harvesting." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34414.

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Indoor light energy harvesting plays an important role in field of renewable energy. Indoor lighting condition is usually described by level of illumination. However, measured data alone does not by classification of different light sources, result is not representative. Energy harvesting system needs to be evaluated after classification to obtain more accurate value. This is also importance of different light source classification. In this thesis, a complete set of indoor light energy harvesting system is introduced, two models are proposed to evaluate energy, robustness is improved by mixing complex light condition during data collection. Main task of this thesis is to verify importance of indoor light classification. Main contribution of this thesis is to fill a gap in energy evaluation, and built a model with superior performance. In terms of collecting data, this thesis researches influence factor of data collection to ensure reliability of accuracy. This work can more accurately collect spectral under different light conditions. Finally, light energy is evaluated by classification of indoor light. This model is proven to be closer to true energy value under real condition. The result shows that classified data is more accurate than direct calculation of energy,it has a smaller error. In addition, performance of classifier model used in this thesis has been proven to be excellent, classifier model can still carry on high-accuracy classification when measurement data are not included in training data set. This makes it a low-cost alternative to measuring light condition without spectrometer.
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Books on the topic "Factor classification"

1

L, Lenskiĭ A., ed. Uskorennoe reshenie zadach klassifika͡tsii v faktornom prostranstve bez poteri tochnosti. V͡TS AN SSSR, 1990.

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Tidball, Ronald R. Geography of soil geochemistry of Missouri agricultural soils ; Geochemical classification by factor analysis of Missouri agricultural soils. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Mukherji, Shekhar. Functional classification of Indian towns by factor-cluster method, 1981 and 1991. International Institute for Population Sciences, 1994.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, ed. FIRE version 5.0 source classification codes and emission factor listing for criteria air pollutants. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards., ed. FIRE version 5.0 source classification codes and emission factor listing for criteria air pollutants. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, ed. FIRE version 5.0 source classification codes and emission factor listing for criteria air pollutants. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, ed. FIRE version 5.0 source classification codes and emission factor listing for criteria air pollutants. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards., ed. FIRE version 5.0 source classification codes and emission factor listing for criteria air pollutants. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards., ed. FIRE version 5.0 source classification codes and emission factor listing for criteria air pollutants. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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T, Costa Paul, and Widiger Thomas A, eds. Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality. American Psychological Association, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Factor classification"

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Giroux, Élodie. "Risk Factor and Causality in Epidemiology." In Classification, Disease and Evidence. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8887-8_9.

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Corazziari, Isabella. "Dynamic Factor Analysis." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60126-2_22.

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Cavicchia, Carlo, and Maurizio Vichi. "Building Hierarchies of Factors with Disjoint Factor Analysis." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54468-2_1.

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Berger, Paul D., Robert E. Maurer, and Giovana B. Celli. "Two-Factor Cross-Classification Designs." In Experimental Design. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64583-4_6.

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Bavaud, François. "Generalized Factor Analyses for Contingency Tables." In Classification, Clustering, and Data Mining Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17103-1_56.

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Hamilton, M., J. Hughes, and M. Hill. "Symptom Patterns in Schizophrenia A Factor-Analytic Study." In Clinical Psychopathology Nomenclature and Classification. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5049-9_80.

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Crocker, R. L. "The Plant Factor in Soil Formation." In Selected Papers in Soil Formation and Classification. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub1.c16.

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Dlugosz, Stephan. "Factor Selection in Observational Studies – An Application of Nonlinear Factor Selection to Propensity Scores." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10745-0_39.

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Coppi, R., and P. D’Urso. "The Dual Dynamic Factor Analysis Models." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55991-4_5.

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Strahl, Danuta, and Józef Dziechciarz. "Study Major Choice — Factor Preference Measurement." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60187-3_51.

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Conference papers on the topic "Factor classification"

1

Febrianti, Asterina, Riki Handriansah, and Hardianto Iridiastadi. "Contributing Factors of Truck Crashes in Indonesia: Human Factor and Classification System (HFACS)." In 2024 IEEE 6th Eurasia Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare and Sustainability (ECBIOS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ecbios61468.2024.10885496.

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Giovanni, Dwi, Favian Dewanta, and Levy Olivia Nur. "Spreading Factor Classification In Lora Communication Based on Machine Learning." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (COMNETSAT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/comnetsat63286.2024.10861922.

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Dewi, Demara Hediana, Achmad Choiruddin, and Desak Gede Agung Suprabawati. "Exploring Breast Cancer Risk Factor Through Machine Learning Algorithm: Random Forest Classification." In 2025 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icaiic64266.2025.10920739.

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Yusuf, Latifa, Ashwin Shejwalkar, and Ilamparithi Thirumarai-Chelvan. "Effect of Power Factor of a Synchronous Machine on Eccentricity Faults Classification Accuracies." In 2024 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccece59415.2024.10667158.

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Mandavalli, Satish. "Factor-based Trading Strategy for Index Rebalancing: Predicting Abnormal Returns using Logistic Classification." In 2025 Third International Conference on Augmented Intelligence and Sustainable Systems (ICAISS). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icaiss61471.2025.11041962.

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Yadav, Sameer, J. Sharmila Joseph, Mayank Nagar, Vidyabharathi Dakshinamurthi, Usha M, and Vedant Dubey. "Optimized BIGRU-Attention Network for OSA and Cardiovascular Disease Prediction with Risk Factor Classification." In 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on ICT in Business Industry & Government (ICTBIG). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ictbig64922.2024.10911218.

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Yoanda, Yurika Prisilia, and Cutifa Safitri. "An Optimization of Classification Algorithms for Detecting Unauthorized Logins in Multi-Factor Authentication Environments." In 2024 7th International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/isriti64779.2024.10963582.

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Das, Kaushik, and Moumita Saha. "Tunable Q-factor Wavelet Transform Based Features for Classification of Emotions Using EEG Signals." In 2025 Fourth International Conference on Power, Control and Computing Technologies (ICPC2T). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc2t63847.2025.10958579.

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Bozhchenko, Alexandr, and Sergey Semenov. "On the classification of damaging factors in forensic medicine." In Issues of determining the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of the impact of a biological factor. Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/conferencearticle_5fdcb03a403b58.93332884.

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The article considers the disadvantages of modern forensic classifications of damaging factors. Attention is drawn to the fact that the mental damaging factor undoubtedly exists, but the assessment of its specific role in the formation of “damage” is the subject of forensic psychiatry, which is an independent medical discipline. The social factor mainly affects the behavior of an individual (population group), but its specific features are also not evaluated by methods and techniques of forensic medicine. There is a discrepancy between general and particular classifications — in particular, the forensic classification of explosions includes chemical, physical and nuclear explosions, with the latter's place in the composition of physical explosions. There is a violation of the continuity of classification — a typical error is a violation of hierarchy (the location in the same row of bacterial, viral, and antigenic or toxin damaging actions). It is concluded that due to the variability of the properties of damaging factors, we should not be talking about the classification of damaging factors (material bodies or phenomena), but about the classification of damaging properties of material bodies and phenomena.
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Wang, Ying, Fanhui Zeng, Hui Sun, Xiaotong Liu, Kaile Lin, and Kaijie Zhang. "Factor Implicit Model of Machine Classification Learning Based on Factor Space Theory." In IS4SI Summit 2023. MDPI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmsf2023008074.

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Reports on the topic "Factor classification"

1

Barros-Poblete, Marisol, Rodrigo Torres-Castro, Mauricio Henríquez, Anita Guequen, Isabel Blanco, and Carlos Flores. Dysbiosis as a prognostic factor for clinical worsening in chronic respiratory disease: A systematic review and metanalysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0089.

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Review question / Objective: Is dysbiosis a prognostic factor for clinical worsening in patients with chronic respiratory diseases?. Condition being studied: Dysbiosis, defined as changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbiota. Eligibility criteria: Over 18 years old adult patients with chronic respiratory diseases clinical diagnosis (cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, non-CF bronchiectasis, pulmonary hypertension) according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) from OMS) and international guidelines of each disease.
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Zhai, Fan, Thomas Hertel, and Zhi Wang. Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality and the Opening of China’s Economy. GTAP Working Paper, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp27.

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This paper evaluates the impact of some key labor market reforms on rural-urban inequality and income distribution, using a household-disaggregated, recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of China. We also explore how these factor market reforms interact with product market reforms currently underway as part of China’s WTO accession process. The simulation results show that the reforms in rural land rental market and Hukou system, as well as increasing off-farm labor mobility would reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically. Furthermore, the combination of WTO accession and factor market reforms improves both efficiency and equality significantly. Keywords: Labor market, Income distribution, WTO, Computable general equilibrium, China JEL Classification Code: C68; J60; D30; F13; O53
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ตั้งกิจวานิชย์, พิสิฐ. บทบาทของตัวบ่งชี้ทางระบบภูมิคุ้มกันที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการรักษาด้วยยาต้านไวรัสและการเกิดมะเร็งตับในผู้ป่วยที่ติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบบีแบบเรื้อรัง : รายงานการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2017. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2017.14.

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B-cell activating factor (BAFF) เป็น cytokine ที่สำคัญในการกระตุ้นเซลล์เม็ดเลือดขาวชนิด B cell ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการเกิดไวรัสตับอักเสบบี แต่อย่างไรก็ตามบทบาทของ BAFF ในผู้ป่วยมะเร็งตับที่เกิดจากการติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบบียังไม่ทราบแน่ชัด การศึกษานี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์ในการตรวจวัดระดับ BAFF ในพลาสมาและหาความสัมพันธ์กับความหลากหลายทางพันธุกรรมบนยีน BAFF rs9514828 และ rs12583006 และการทำนายและพยากรณ์ความรุนแรงของโรค โดยตรวจวัดระดับของ BAFF ในพลาสมาของผู้ที่มีสุขภาพดีกลุ่มควบคุม 100 คน กลุ่มผู้ป่วยที่มีการติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบบี 290 คน และกลุ่มผู้ป่วยมะเร็งตับจากการติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบบี 200 คน ผลการศึกษาพบว่าระดับของ BAFF ในพลาสมาในกลุ่มผู้ป่วยมะเร็งตับสูงกว่ากลุ่มผู้ป่วยที่ติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบบี และกลุ่มควบคุม (P&lt;0.001). ระดับของ BAFF ในพลาสมายังมีความสัมพันธ์กับระดับ alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ระยะของโรค (Child-Pugh classification), ขนาดของก้อนมะเร็ง (tumor size) และระยะของโรค (BCLC stage). เมื่อวิเคราะห์ปัจจัยเสี่ยงทั้งหมดด้วย Multivariate analyses พบว่าระดับของ BAFF (≥1,100 pg/ml) สามารถใช้ทำนายระยะเวลาการอยู่รอดของผู้ป่วยมะเร็งตับได้ (OR=2.28, 95%CI: 1.07–4.87; P=0.034). นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าความหลากหลายทางพันธุกรรมบนยีน BAFF ตำแหน่ง rs9514828 พบความถี่ของจีโนไทป์ CT+TT ในกลุ่มผู้ป่วยที่ติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบบีสูงกว่ากลุ่มควบคุม (58.0% vs. 46.0%, P=0.029). ดังนั้นผลการศึกษานี้จึงสรุปว่า ระดับ BAFF ในพลาสมาสูงมีความสัมพันธ์กับความรุนแรงและระยะเวลาการอยู่รอดของผู้ป่วยมะเร็งตับ เพราะฉะนั้นการทำงานของ B-cell อาจจะมีบทบาทสำคัญในการกระตุ้นการดำเนินโรคและพัฒนาเป็นมะเร็งตับ
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ตั้งกิจวานิชย์, พิสิฐ. บทบาทของตัวบ่งชี้ทางระบบภูมิคุ้มกันที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการรักษาด้วยยาต้านไวรัสและการเกิดมะเร็งตับในผู้ป่วยที่ติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบบีแบบเรื้อรัง : รายงานการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2018. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2018.29.

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B-cell activating factor (BAFF) เป็น cytokine ที่สำคัญในการกระตุ้นเซลล์เม็ดเลือดขาวชนิด B cell ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการเกิดไวรัสตับอักเสบบี แต่อย่างไรก็ตามบทบาทของ BAFF ในผู้ป่วยมะเร็งตับที่เกิดจากการติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบบียังไม่ทราบแน่ชัด การศึกษานี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์ในการตรวจวัดระดับ BAFF ในพลาสมาและหาความสัมพันธ์กับความหลากหลายทางพันธุกรรมบนยีน BAFF rs9514828 และ rs12583006 และการทำนายและพยากรณ์ความรุนแรงของโรค โดยตรวจวัดระดับของ BAFF ในพลาสมาของผู้ที่มีสุขภาพดีกลุ่มควบคุม 100 คน กลุ่มผู้ป่วยที่มีการติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบบี 290 คน และกลุ่มผู้ป่วยมะเร็งตับจากการติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบบี 200 คน ผลการศึกษาพบว่าระดับของ BAFF ในพลาสมาในกลุ่มผู้ป่วยมะเร็งตับสูงกว่ากลุ่มผู้ป่วยที่ติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบบี และกลุ่มควบคุม (P&lt;0.001). ระดับของ BAFF ในพลาสมายังมีความสัมพันธ์กับระดับ alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ระยะของโรค (Child-Pugh classification), ขนาดของก้อนมะเร็ง (tumor size) และระยะของโรค (BCLC stage). เมื่อวิเคราะห์ปัจจัยเสี่ยงทั้งหมดด้วย Multivariate analyses พบว่าระดับของ BAFF (≥1,100 pg/ml) สามารถใช้ทำนายระยะเวลาการอยู่รอดของผู้ป่วยมะเร็งตับได้ (OR=2.28, 95%CI: 1.07–4.87; P=0.034). นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าความหลากหลายทางพันธุกรรมบนยีน BAFF ตำแหน่ง rs9514828 พบความถี่ของจีโนไทป์ CT+TT ในกลุ่มผู้ป่วยที่ติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบบีสูงกว่ากลุ่มควบคุม (58.0% vs. 46.0%, P=0.029). ดังนั้นผลการศึกษานี้จึงสรุปว่า ระดับ BAFF ในพลาสมาสูงมีความสัมพันธ์กับความรุนแรงและระยะเวลาการอยู่รอดของผู้ป่วยมะเร็งตับ เพราะฉะนั้นการทำงานของ B-cell อาจจะมีบทบาทสำคัญในการกระตุ้นการดำเนินโรคและพัฒนาเป็นมะเร็งตับ
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Tian, Cong, Jianlong Shu, Wenhui Shao, Zhengxin Zhou, Huayang Guo та Jingang Wang. The efficacy and safety of IL Inhibitors, TNF-α Inhibitors, and JAK Inhibitor on ankylosing spondylitis: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of a “randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled” trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0117.

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Review question / Objective: In this study, we conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of interleukin (IL) inhibitors, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors on ankylosing spondylitis (AS).The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of different interventions for treating AS to provide insights into the decision-making in clinicalpractice. Condition being studied: Ankylosing spondylitis. Based on the Bayesian hierarchical model, we conducted a network meta-analysis using the gemtc package in R software (version 4.1.3) and Stata software (version 15.1). Cong Tian and Jianlong Shu contributed to the conception and design of the study and supervised the tweet classification. All authors drafted the manuscript. Wenhui Shao, Zhengxin Zhou, Huayang Guo and Jingang Wang contributed to data management and tweet classification. Cong Tian, Jianlong Shu and Zhengxin Zhou performed the statistical analysis. Cong Tian, Jianlong Shu, Wenhui Shao and Zhengxin Zhou reviewed the manuscript.
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Aiken, Catherine. Classifying AI Systems. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200025.

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This brief explores the development and testing of artificial intelligence system classification frameworks intended to distill AI systems into concise, comparable and policy-relevant dimensions. Comparing more than 1,800 system classifications, it points to several factors that increase the utility of a framework for human classification of AI systems and enable AI system management, risk assessment and governance.
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Berry, Miriam. Some factors influencing case classification in a public welfare agency. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.232.

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Eichengreen, Barry, and Raul Razo-Garcia. How Reliable are De Facto Exchange Rate Regime Classifications? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17318.

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Walsh, Daniel C., and Adrian E. Raftery. Classification of Mixtures of Spatial Point Processes via Partial Bayes Factors. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada459757.

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Wilkowski, Maxey, and Eiber. L51705 Cyclic Pressure Fatigue Life of Pipelines with Plain Dents Dents with Gouges and Dents with Welds. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010606.

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Research has been conducted to study the effects of dents, gouges, and weld seams on pipelines under cyclic internal pressure loading. The work associated with this project has involved both experimental and finite element analysis on pipes with D/t ratios from 19 to 94 experimentally and 18 to 100 theoretically. In support of this research, operators were surveyed regarding the expected dent shapes and failures that had occurred as a result of pipeline dents. The experimental portion of the work involved pipes (one 24" and several 12" NPS pipes) with controlled dents which were combined with welds and gouges. All specimens were subjected to cyclic internal pressures to study behavior in terms of fatigue. Elastic and plastic finite element analyses were conducted to determine stress concentration factors due to dents so that a fatigue analysis could be performed. Both the experimental and theoretical research indicated that plain smooth dents with depths less than 5% of the diameter should not be a problem (regardless of the D/t ratio) unless the cyclic pressure service is very severe. Experimental results demonstrated that gouge depth has a significant impact on fatigue life. Unground gouges whose depth is more than 10% of the wall cannot be counted on to have any fatigue life. The process of grinding out the gouges was found to be an excellent method of repair, even when considering gouge depths as large as 15% of the pipe wall thickness. The position of the dents relative to the longitudinal welds was not found to be a determining factor when considering reduction in fatigue life; however, dents which were placed on girth welds had considerably shorter lives than dents which were off of these welds. Classification of the gouge depths in terms of wall thickness (d/t) was found to be the most effective means for categorizing these types of defects. An analytical procedure was developed for predicting fatigue life of a pipe with plain dents subjected to cyclic pressure loading. These results were compared to experimentally obtained values.
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