Relevant bibliographies by topics / Factorial experiment designs

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Factorial experiment designs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Factorial experiment designs"

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KUMAR, PRAKASH, KRISHAN LAL, ANIRBAN MUKHERJEE, UPENDRA KUMAR PRADHAN, MRINMOY RAY, and OM PRAKASH. "Advanced row-column designs for animal feed experiments." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88, no. 4 (January 5, 2023): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v88i4.78895.

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Inappropriate statistical designs may misinterpret results of animal feed experiments. Thus complete statistical designs can make animal feed research more appropriate and cost effective. Usually factorial row-column designs are used when the heterogeneity in the experimental material is in two directions and the experimenter is interested in studying the effect of two or more factors simultaneously. Attempts have been to develop the method of construction of balanced nested row column design under factorial setup. Factorial experiments are used in designs when two or more factors have same levels or different levels. The designs that are balanced symmetric factorials nested in blocks are called block designs with nested row-column balanced symmetric factorial experiments. These designs were constructed by using confounding through equation methods.Construction of confounded asymmetrical factorial experiments in row-column settings and efficiency factor of confounded effects was worked out. The design can be used in animal feed experiment with fewer resources by not compromising the test accuracy.
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PEARCE, S. C. "THE FACTORIAL FIELD EXPERIMENT." Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 1 (January 2005): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479704002364.

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Factorial experiments are described and the importance of interactions emphasized with suggestions about how they should be interpreted. A distinction is made between factors introduced only to see if they will provoke an interaction and those actually under study. Split-plot designs receive special attention. Factorial experiments often involve a large number of treatments and ordinary block designs may be ineffective in controlling environmental variation. If factors have few levels, as in exploratory experiments, the usual device for reducing block size is confounding, which is explained along with single-replicate experiments, partial replication and hidden replication. Alternatively, non-orthogonal designs and analysis of data by nearest-neighbour and spatial methods might prove useful. The need for randomization and the role of significance are discussed. It is pointed out that interactions can sometimes be avoided by transformation of the variate.
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RIBEIRO, Paulo César Moraes, Matheus Pena CAMPOS, Leila Aparecida Salles PIO, and Júlio Sílvio de Sousa BUENO FILHO. "FRACTIONAL FACTORIALS IN A CASE STUDY NUTRITION EXPERIMENT WITH BANANA TREES." REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE BIOMETRIA 37, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.28951/rbb.v37i3.402.

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In this paper we study combining designs concatenating levels from a full factorial for some factors with screening alternatives for the others. This was done to deal with a practical situation in plant nutrition experiments. The original problem was a study design for 14 potential factors in banana tree nutrition, and researchers imagined four full factorials were needed to test their hypothesis, being two from the 33 and two of the 34 series. As this would demand at least 216 experimental units and facing limited resources we seek for a different planning strategy. The idea was to combine in the same experiment four instances of DSD (Denitive Screening Designs) for 10 three-level factors, each in a different block, with a fraction of the full factorial of the 34 series. A central point treatment, with average level for all factors, was present in all blocks. Interchange algorithms were used to concatenate the factor levels. Resulting optimized design was compared to the designs sampled following the same principle. Design comparison criterion was the expected average variance of the estimates for factors (Ar optimality). Optimization reduced 4.02% of the average values of the criterion in a reference population of sampled designs. It was possible to show that the variance for linear and quadratic effects in the full factorial were higher than in the optimized plan. As an example, the analysis of an actual eld trial is presented. Authors recommend the use of fractional factorial strategy including DSD designs in agronomic trials, specially in the screening phase.
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Nahum-Shani, Inbal, John J. Dziak, and Linda M. Collins. "Multilevel factorial designs with experiment-induced clustering." Psychological Methods 23, no. 3 (September 2018): 458–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/met0000128.

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Schaarschmidt, Frank, and Lea Vaas. "Analysis of Trials with Complex Treatment Structure Using Multiple Contrast Tests." HortScience 44, no. 1 (February 2009): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.1.188.

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Experiments with complex treatment structures are not uncommon in horticultural research. For example, in augmented factorial designs, one control treatment is added to a full factorial arrangement, or an experiment might be arranged as a two-factorial design with some groups omitted because they are practically not of interest. Several statistical procedures have been proposed to analyze such designs. Suitable linear models followed by F-tests provide only global inference for main effects and their interactions. Orthogonal contrasts are demanding to formulate and cannot always reflect all experimental questions underlying the design. Finally, simple mean comparisons following global F-tests do not control the overall error rate of the experiment in the strong sense. In this article, we show how multiple contrast tests can be used as a tool to address the experimental questions underlying complex designs while preserving the overall error rate of the conclusions. Using simultaneous confidence intervals allows for displaying the direction, magnitude, and relevance of the mean comparisons of interest. Along with application in statistical software, shown by two examples, we discuss the possibilities and limitations of the proposed approach.
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Chinatangkul, Nawinda, Sirikarn Pengon, Chutima Limmatvapirat, and Sontaya Limmatvapirat. "Design of Experiment Approach for Fabrication Process of Electrospun Shellac Nanofibers Using Factorial Designs." Key Engineering Materials 757 (October 2017): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.757.120.

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Electrospun shellac nanofibers might be potentially used for wound dressing application due to its natural origin and excellent protective properties. In this study, a full factorial design with three replicated center points was performed in order to investigate the main and interaction effects of shellac content (35-40% w/w), applied voltage (9-27 kV) and flow rate (0.4-1.2 mL/hr) on the morphology of shellac nanofibers. A total of 11 experiments were conducted. The response variables were the diameter of nanofibers, the distribution of diameter and the amount of beads. The results showed that the concentration of shellac was the most significant impact on shellac nanofiber diameter, while applied voltage, interaction between shellac content and voltage, and feed rate were minor factors, respectively. Shellac content and applied voltage had negative relationships with bead amount. When reducing the concentration of shellac and voltage, the amount of beads was increased. However, the influence of these parameters on diameter distribution seemed to be not significant. Based on response surface plot, nanofibers with thinner diameter (~493 nm) and less number of beads (~0.47) could be obtained at the optimum conditions; the shellac content of 38.5% w/w, the voltage of 21 kV and the feed rate of 0.4 mL/hr.
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Frane, Andrew V. "Experiment-Wise Type I Error Control: A Focus on 2 × 2 Designs." Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 4, no. 1 (January 2021): 251524592098513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515245920985137.

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Factorial designs are common in psychology research. But they are nearly always used without control of the experiment-wise Type I error rate (EWER), perhaps because of a lack of awareness about viable procedures for that purpose and perhaps also because of a lack of appreciation for the problem of Type I error inflation. In this article, key concepts relating to Type I error inflation are discussed, with emphasis on the 2 × 2 factorial design. Simulations are used to evaluate various approaches in that context. I show that conventional approaches often do not control the EWER. Alternative approaches are recommended that reliably control the EWER and are simple to implement.
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Łacka, Agnieszka. "NRC Designs—New Tools for Successful Agricultural Experiments." Agronomy 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 2406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122406.

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In a nested row–column design (NRC), the experimental units in each of n blocks are grouped into n1 rows and n2 columns. Due to its structure, this experimental design allows full control of the experimental material and a relatively simple feedback loop within the “statistical triangle”. By applying such designs in agricultural experiments, we provide an insurance policy against future unexpected problems. Until now, the cost of this policy has been a complex statistical analysis of experimental data. This paper proposes a new “direct” approach to ANOVA based on the latest literature on the subject. The paper provides the theoretical foundations of this approach, indicates the possibility of applying it to factorial and near-factorial experiments, and supplements the theory with a familiar letter-based representation of all-pairwise comparisons, which has so far been lacking in the literature. The methodology is illustrated by the analysis of a field experiment carried out to improve the use of fungicides against late blight in tomato processing. The presented analytical tools are supplemented with code in R.
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Ali, Nadia, and David Peebles. "The Effect of Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization on the Comprehension of Three-Variable Bar and Line Graphs." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55, no. 1 (July 16, 2012): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720812452592.

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Objective: We report three experiments investigating the ability of undergraduate college students to comprehend 2 × 2 “interaction” graphs from two-way factorial research designs. Background: Factorial research designs are an invaluable research tool widely used in all branches of the natural and social sciences, and the teaching of such designs lies at the core of many college curricula. Such data can be represented in bar or line graph form. Previous studies have shown, however, that people interpret these two graphical forms differently. Method: In Experiment 1, participants were required to interpret interaction data in either bar or line graphs while thinking aloud. Verbal protocol analysis revealed that line graph users were significantly more likely to misinterpret the data or fail to interpret the graph altogether. Results: The patterns of errors line graph users made were interpreted as arising from the operation of Gestalt principles of perceptual organization, and this interpretation was used to develop two modified versions of the line graph, which were then tested in two further experiments. One of the modifications resulted in a significant improvement in performance. Conclusion: Results of the three experiments support the proposed explanation and demonstrate the effects (both positive and negative) of Gestalt principles of perceptual organization on graph comprehension. Application: We propose that our new design provides a more balanced representation of the data than the standard line graph for nonexpert users to comprehend the full range of relationships in two-way factorial research designs and may therefore be considered a more appropriate representation for use in educational and other nonexpert contexts.
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Srivastava, Jagdish, and Sanjay Arora. "An infinite series of resolution III.2 designs for the 2m factorial experiment." Discrete Mathematics 98, no. 1 (December 1991): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(91)90411-t.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Factorial experiment designs"

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Qin, Hong. "Construction of uniform designs and usefulness of uniformity in fractional factorial designs." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2002. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/456.

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Ke, Xiao. "On lower bounds of mixture L₂-discrepancy, construction of uniform design and gamma representative points with applications in estimation and simulation." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/152.

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Two topics related to the experimental design are considered in this thesis. On the one hand, the uniform experimental design (UD), a major kind of space-filling design, is widely used in applications. The majority of UD tables (UDs) with good uniformity are generated under the centralized {dollar}L_2{dollar}-discrepancy (CD) and the wrap-around {dollar}L_2{dollar}-discrepancy (WD). Recently, the mixture {dollar}L_2{dollar}-discrepancy (MD) is proposed and shown to be more reasonable than CD and WD in terms of uniformity. In first part of the thesis we review lower bounds for MD of two-level designs from a different point of view and provide a new lower bound. Following the same idea we obtain a lower bound for MD of three-level designs. Moreover, we construct UDs under the measurement of MD by the threshold accepting (TA) algorithm, and finally we attach two new UD tables with good properties derived from TA under the measurement of MD. On the other hand, the problem of selecting a specific number of representative points (RPs) to maintain as much information as a given distribution has raised attention. Previously, a method has been given to select type-II representative points (RP-II) from normal distribution. These point sets have good properties and minimize the information loss. Whereafter, following similar idea, Fu, 1985 have discussed RP-II for gamma distribution. In second part of the thesis, we improve the discussion of selecting Gamma RP-II and provide more RP-II tables with a number of parameters. Further in statistical simulation, we also evaluate the estimation performance of point sets resampled from Gamma RP-II by making comparison in different situations.
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Brien, Christopher J. "Factorial linear model analysis." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1992. http://thesis.library.adelaide.edu.au/public/adt-SUA20010530.175833.

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"February 1992" Bibliography: leaf 323-344. Electronic publication; Full text available in PDF format; abstract in HTML format. Develops a general strategy for factorial linear model analysis for experimental and observational studies, an iterative, four-stage, model comparison procedure. The approach is applicable to studies characterized as being structure-balanced, multitiered and based on Tjur structures unless the structure involves variation factors when it must be a regular Tjur structure. It covers a wide range of experiments including multiple-error, change-over, two-phase, superimposed and unbalanced experiments. Electronic reproduction.[Australia] :Australian Digital Theses Program,2001.
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Ke, Xiao. "On the construction of uniform designs and the uniformity property of fractional factorial designs." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/785.

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Uniform design has found successful applications in manufacturing, system engineering, pharmaceutics and natural sciences since it appeared in 1980's. Recently, research related to uniform design is emerging. Discussions are mainly focusing on the construction and the theoretical properties of uniform design. On one hand, new construction methods can help researchers to search for uniform designs in more efficient and effective ways. On the other hand, since uniformity has been accepted as an essential criterion for comparing fractional factorial designs, it is interesting to explore its relationship with other criteria, such as aberration, orthogonality, confounding, etc. The first goal of this thesis is to propose new uniform design construction methods and recommend designs with good uniformity. A novel stochastic heuristic technique, the adjusted threshold accepting algorithm, is proposed for searching uniform designs. This algorithm has successfully generated a number of uniform designs, which outperforms the existing uniform design tables in the website https://uic.edu.hk/~isci/UniformDesign/UD%20Tables.html. In addition, designs with good uniformity are recommended for screening either qualitative or quantitative factors via a comprehensive study of symmetric orthogonal designs with 27 runs, 3 levels and 13 factors. These designs are also outstanding under other traditional criteria. The second goal of this thesis is to give an in-depth study of the uniformity property of fractional factorial designs. Close connections between different criteria and lower bounds of the average uniformity have been revealed, which can be used as benchmarks for selecting the best designs. Moreover, we find non-isomorphic designs have different combinatorial and geometric properties in their projected and level permutated designs. Two new non-isomorphic detection methods are proposed and utilized for classifying fractional factorial designs. The new methods take advantages over the existing ones in terms of computation efficiency and classification capability. Finally, the relationship between uniformity and isomorphism of fractional factorial designs has been discussed in detail. We find isomorphic designs may have different geometric structure and propose a new isomorphic identification method. This method significantly reduces the computational complexity of the procedure. A new uniformity criterion, the uniformity pattern, is proposed to evaluate the overall uniformity performance of an isomorphic design set.
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Hilow, Hisham. "Economic expansible-contractible sequential factorial designs for exploratory experiments." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54426.

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Sequential experimentation, especially for factorial treatment structures, becomes important when one or more of the following, conditions exist: observations become available quickly, observations are costly to obtain, experimental results need to be evaluated quickly, adjustments in experimental set-up may be desirable, a quick screening of the importance of various factors is important. The designs discussed in this study are suitable for these situations. Two approaches to sequential factorial experimentation are considered: one-run-at-a-time (ORAT) plans and one-block-at-a-time (OBAT) plans. For 2ⁿ experiments, saturated non-orthogonal 2ᵥⁿ fractions to be carried out as ORAT plans are reported. In such ORAT plans, only one factor level is changed between any two successive runs. Such plans are useful and economical for situations in which it is costly to change simultaneously more than one factor level at a given time. The estimable effects and the alias structure after each run have been provided. Formulas for the estimates of main-effects and two-factor interactions have been derived. Such formulas can be used for assessing the significance of their estimates. For 3m and 2ⁿ3m experiments, Webb's (1965) saturated non-orthogonal expansible-contractible <0, 1, 2> - 2ᵥⁿ designs have been generalized and new saturated non-orthogonal expansible-contractible 3ᵥm and 2ⁿ3ᵥm designs have been reported. Based on these 2ᵥⁿ, 3ᵥm and 2ⁿ3ᵥm designs, we have reported new OBAT 2ᵥⁿ, 3ᵥm and 2ⁿ3ᵥm plans which will eventually lead to the estimation of all main-effects and all two-factor interactions. The OBAT 2ⁿ, 3m and 2ⁿ3m plans have been constructed according to two strategies: Strategy I OBAT plans are carried out in blocks of very small sizes, i.e. 2 and 3, and factor effects are estimated one at a time whereas Strategy II OBAT plans involve larger block sizes where factors are assumed to fall into disjoint sets and each block investigates the effects of the factors of a particular set. Strategy I OBAT plans are appropriate when severe time trends in the response may be present. Formulas for estimates of main-effects and two-factor interactions at the various stages of strategy I OBAT 2ⁿ, 3m and 2ⁿ3m plans are reported.
Ph. D.
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Ho, Wai Man. "Case studies in computer experiments, applications of uniform design and modern modeling techniques." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2001. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/290.

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Weng, Lin Chen. "On the classification and selection of orthogonal designs." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/846.

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Factorial design has played a prominent role in the field of experimental design because of its richness in both theory and application. It explores the factorial effects by allowing the arrangement of efficient and economic experimentation, among which orthogonal design, uniform design and some other factorial designs have been widely used in various scientific investigations. The main contribution of this thesis shows the recent advances in the classification and selection of orthogonal designs. Design isomorphism is essential to the classification, selection and construction of designs. It also covers various popular design criteria as necessary conditions, such connection has led to a rapid growth of research on the novel approaches for either detecting the non-isomorphism or identifying the isomorphism. But further classification of non-isomorphic designs has received little attention, and hence remains an open question. It motivates us to propose the degree of isomorphism, as a more general view of isomorphism, for classifying non-isomorphic subclasses in orthogonal designs, and develop the column-wise identification framework accordingly. Selecting designs in sequential experiments is another concern. As a well-recognized strategy for improving the initial design, fold-over techniques have been widely applied to construct combined designs with better property in a certain sense. While each fold-over method has been comprehensively studied, there is no discussion on the comparison of them. It is the motivation behind our survey on the existing fold-over methods in view of statistical performance and computational complexity. The thesis involves five chapters and it is organized as follows. In the beginning chapter, the underlying statistical models in factorial design are demonstrated. In particular, we introduce orthogonal design and uniform design associated with commonly-used criteria of aberration and uniformity. In Chapter 2, the motivation and previous work of design isomorphism are reviewed. It attempts to explain the evolution of strategies from identification methods to detection methods, especially when the superior efficiency of the latter has been gradually appreciated by the statistical community. In Chapter 3, the concepts including the degree of isomorphism and pairwise distance are proposed. It allows us to establish the hierarchical clustering of non-isomorphic orthogonal designs. By applying the average linkage method, we present a new classification of L 27 (3 13 ) with six different clusters. In Chapter 4, an efficient algorithm for measuring the degree of isomorphism is developed, and we further extend it to a general framework to accommodate different issues in design isomorphism, including the detection of non-isomorphic designs, identification of isomorphic designs and the determination of non-isomorphic subclass for unclassified designs. In Chapter 5, a comprehensive survey of the existing fold-over techniques is presented. It starts with the background of these methods, and then explores the connection between the initial designs and their combined designs in a general framework. The dictionary cross-entropy loss is introduced to simplify a class of criteria that follows the dictionary ordering from pattern into scalar, it allows the statistical performance to be compared in a more straightforward way with visualization
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Tang, Yu. "Combinatorial properties of uniform designs and their applications in the constructions of low-discrepancy designs." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/595.

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Hockman, Kimberly Kearns. "A graphical comparison of designs for response optimization based on slope estimation." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54384.

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The response surface problem is two-fold: to predict values of the response, and to optimize the response. Slope estimation criteria are well suited for the optimization problem. Response prediction capability has been assessed by plotting the average, maximum, and minimum prediction variances on the surface of spheres with radii ranging across the region of interest. Average and maximum prediction bias plots have recently been added to the spherical criteria. Combined with the prediction variance, a graphical MSE criterion results. This research extends these ideas to the slope estimation objective. A direct relationship between precise slope estimation and the ability to pinpoint the location of the optimum is developed, resulting in a general slope variance measure related to E-optimality in slope estimation. A more specific slope variance measure is defined and analyzed for use in evaluating standard response surface (RS) designs,where slopes parallel to the factor axes are estimated with equal precision. Standard second order RS designs are then studied in light of the prediction and optimization goal distinction. Designs which perform well for prediction of the response do not necessarily estimate the slope precisely. A spherical measure of bias in slope estimation is developed and used to measure slope bias due to model misspecification and due to the presence of outliers. A study of augmenting saturated orthogonal arrays of strength two to detect lack of fit is included as an application of a combined squared bias and variance measure of MSE in slope. A study of the designs recommended for precise slope estimation in their robustness to outliers and to missing observations is conducted using the slope bias and general slope variance measures, respectively.
Ph. D.
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Jo, Jinnam. "Construction and properties of Box-Behnken designs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37247.

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Box-Behnken designs are used to estimate parameters in a second-order response surface model (Box and Behnken, 1960). These designs are formed by combining ideas from incomplete block designs (BIBD or PBIBD) and factorial experiments, specifically 2k full or 2k-1 fractional factorials. In this dissertation, a more general mathematical formulation of the Box-Behnken method is provided, a general expression for the coefficient matrix in the least squares analysis for estimating the parameters in the second order model is derived, and the properties of Box-Behnken designs with respect to the estimability of all parameters in a second-order model are investigated when 2kfull factorials are used. The results show that for all pure quadratic coefficients to be estimable, the PBIB(m) design has to be chosen such that its incidence matrix is of full rank, and for all mixed quadratic coefficients to be estimable the PBIB(m) design has to be chosen such that the parameters λ₁, λ₂, ...,λm are all greater than zero. In order to reduce the number of experimental points the use of 2k-1 fractional factorials instead of 2k full factorials is being considered. Of particular interest and importance are separate considerations of fractions of resolutions III, IV, and V. The construction of Box-Behnken designs using such fractions is described and the properties of the designs concerning estimability of regression coefficients are investigated. Using designs obtained from resolution V factorials have the same properties as those using full factorials. Resolutions III and IV designs may lead to non-estimability of certain coefficients and to correlated estimators. The final topic is concerned with Box-Behnken designs in which treatments are applied to experimental units sequentially in time or space and in which there may exist a linear trend effect. For this situation, one wants to find appropriate run orders for obtaining a linear trend-free Box-Behnken design to remove a linear trend effect so that a simple technique, analysis of variance, instead of a more complicated technique, analysis of covariance, to remove a linear trend effect can be used. Construction methods for linear trend-free Box-Behnken designs are introduced for different values of block size (for the underlying PBIB design) k. For k= 2 or 3, it may not always be possible to find linear trend-free Box-Behnken designs. However, for k ≥ 4 linear trend-free Box-Behnken designs can always be constructed.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Factorial experiment designs"

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Dey, Aloke. Orthogonal fractional factorial designs. Chichester: Wiley Eastern, 1985.

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Tang, Boxin. Selection of U-designs. Toronto, Ont: University of Toronto, Department of Statistics, 1993.

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Gupta, Sudhir. A calculus for factorial arrangements. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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Collombier, Dominique. Plans d'expérience factoriels: Construction et propriétés des fractions de plans. Paris: Springer, 1996.

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Dey, Aloke. Fractional factorial plans. New York: Wiley, 1999.

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Gunst, Richard F. How to construct fractional factorial experiments. Milwaukee, Wis: ASQC Quality Press, 1991.

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G, Gauch Hugh. Statistical analysis of regional yield trials: AMMI analysis of factorial designs. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992.

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Launchbury, John. Projection factorisations in partial evaluation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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H, Walters Frederick, ed. Sequential simplex optimization: A technique for improving quality and productivity in research, development, and manufacturing. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1991.

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Sönmez, Harun. Konjoint analizi tekniğinin pazarlama araştırmalarında kullanım olanakları ve bir uygulama. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Factorial experiment designs"

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Durner, Edward F. "Factorials." In Applied plant science experimental design and statistical analysis using the SAS® OnDemand for Academics, 56–66. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249927.0007.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on factorials. Experiments involving two or more factors, each at two or more levels, are called 'factorial experiments'. There is no such thing as a factorial design. Factorial refers to treatment structure. Factorial treatment structures are combined in an efficient experimental design. When considering two or more factors, it introduces the concepts of 'main effects' and 'interactive effects' (interactions). The 'main effect' of a factor is a measure of the change in the response variable to changes in the level of the factor, averaged over all levels of all other factors in an experiment. An 'interaction' occurs when the response to various levels of one factor changes as the levels of another factor change. A single-factor experiment, with the factor 'nitrogen application rate' at four levels to evaluate strawberry yield, and modify it to now include the concept of a factorial treatment structure in a completely random design were conducted. The significance levels for time (0.0926) and rate (0.4287) were neither significant. Thus it doesn't seem to matter when nitrogen is applied or not; there is no effect of nitrogen application on strawberry yield.
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Heiberger, Richard M., and Burt Holland. "Design of Experiments—Factorial Designs." In Statistical Analysis and Data Display, 427–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2122-5_13.

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Heiberger, Richard M., and Burt Holland. "Design of Experiments—Factorial Designs." In Statistical Analysis and Data Display, 381–427. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4284-8_13.

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Yandell, Brian S. "Factorial Designs." In Practical Data Analysis for Designed Experiments, 107–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3035-4_7.

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Barton, Russell R. "Design-Plots for Factorial and Fractional-Factorial Designs." In Graphical Methods for the Design of Experiments, 55–92. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1398-7_3.

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John, J. A. "Factorial experiments: multiple replication." In Cyclic Designs, 151–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3326-3_7.

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Madhyastha, N. R. Mohan, S. Ravi, and A. S. Praveena. "Factorial Experiments." In A First Course in Linear Models and Design of Experiments, 131–63. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8659-0_5.

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Berger, Paul D., Robert E. Maurer, and Giovana B. Celli. "Two-Level Factorial Designs." In Experimental Design, 295–342. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64583-4_9.

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John, J. A., and E. R. Williams. "Factorial experiments: multiple replication." In Cyclic and Computer Generated Designs, 189–222. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7220-0_9.

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Pardo, Scott A. "Product Design: Factorial Experiments." In Statistical Methods and Analyses for Medical Devices, 57–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26139-8_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Factorial experiment designs"

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DeLoach, R., D. Cler, and A. Graham. "Fractional factorial experiment designs to minimize configuration changes in wind tunnel testing." In 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-746.

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Culbertson, Timothy D., and Timothy W. Simpson. "Using Shape Grammars to Identify Salient Features in Support of Product Family Design." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34125.

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Product form and aesthetics play a major role in consumer preference and product differentiation. During product family design, it is important to differentiate products in the family yet similarities among some stylistic features may connote a more coherent design strategy. Shape grammars offer a method for producing designs with a coherent style along with the ability to control the variation of the output shapes. In this paper, we investigate the use of shape grammars to support product family design, namely, identification of features that shape the perceptions of similarity within a family. A survey-based approach is implemented wherein the impact of a shape parameter on product style is evaluated by comparing design variants to a baseline design. Respondents are asked to rate the style similarities on a Likert-like scale, and candidate shape parameters are screened for aesthetic significance using a fractional factorial experiment. The approach is demonstrated using a family of medical ultrasound transducers, and our screening is validated using a full factorial experiment with practicing ultrasound transducer designers and engineers.
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Varacalle, D. J., D. P. Zeek, K. W. Couch, D. M. Benson, and S. M. Kirk. "Flame Spraying of Polymers." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0231.

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Abstract Statistical design-of-experiment studies of the thermal spraying of polymer powders are presented. Studies of the subsonic combustion (i.e., Flame) process were conducted in order to determine the quality and economics of polyester and urethane coatings. Thermally sprayed polymer coatings are of interest to several industries for anticorrosion applications, including the chemical, automotive, and aircraft industries. In this study, the coating design has been optimized for a site-specific application using Taguchi-type fractional-factorial experiments. Optimized coating designs are presented for the two powder systems. A substantial range of thermal processing conditions and their effect on the resultant polymer coatings is presented. The coatings were characterized by optical metallography, hardness testing, tensile testing, and compositional analysis. Characterization of the coatings yielded the thickness, bond strength, Knoop microhardness, roughness, deposition efficiency, and porosity. Confirmation testing was accomplished to verify the coating designs.
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Kucuk, A., C. C. Berndt, U. Senturk, and R. S. Lima. "Characterization of Mechanical Properties of TBCs via a Taguchi Experimental Design." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p1211.

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Abstract Experimental designs have been used by the thermal spray community to improve and optimize spray parameters to produce coatings with desired properties. The influence of four spray parameters including top and bond coat thicknesses, substrate temperature, and spray distance on the mechanical properties of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings has been examined. Two experimental matrices; (i) a four by nine according to a Taguchi experimental design, and (ii) a four by seventeen according to a full factorial design of the experiment, were developed. Six samples from each group were tested using a four point bend arrangement. Yield strength and elastic modulus were calculated from the four point bend test. A multi-linear regression analysis on yield strength and elastic modulus values from each experimental matrix was carried out to determine the influence of each spray parameter on these properties. The multi-linear regression analysis results for these two experimental matrixes are compared.
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Li, Hongyu, and Chien-Hsiung Chen. "User Experience of Visual Perception for Smart Central Control System." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001694.

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Intelligent technology changes the world, promotes the integration and development of industries, and changes people's way of life and form. The smart home central control system, which is closely related to our daily life, is comfortable, safe, highly stable, and reliable. This research purpose was to explore the affordance of gender visual perception for the interface design of a smart central control system. The experimental was adopted a 2 x 3 mixed factorial design to help explore whether different gender and operation modes may affect users’ visual perception. We employed convenience sampling and recruited a total of 12 participants to participate in this experiment. The experimental data were collected in relation to task performance using the system usability scale (SUS), subjective evaluations, and semi-structured interviews. The generated results revealed that: (1) The task performance shows that the interface design of the smart home central control system affects the participants' visual perception. (2) Females generally believe that the three smart home central control system interface designs are logical and innovative. (3) There was an interaction between gender and operation mode, the logic and innovation of the operation interface affected participants' perception of interaction.
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Zhai, Weimin, and Chien-Hsiung Chen. "Graphic Icon and Information Presentation Types of Hover Feedback Designs on the User Interface of Shopping Websites." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001720.

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The usability of the user interface for shopping websites is a very important design issue pertinent to the user experience. Graphic icons, as a visual presentation aid, provide an excellent interactive experience to the users while interacting with the user interface. The purpose of this study was to explore the usability of graphic icons and information presentation types in the operation of shopping websites, and propose design suggestions for future improvements. A 2 x 2 mixed factorial design was planned to help explore whether the graphic icons (i.e., presence or absence) and different information presentation types (i.e. plain text information and information visualization) may affect users’ task performance and questionnaire of the System Usability Scale (SUS). The experiment adopted the convenience sampling method. A total of 20 participants were recruited to take part in the experiment. The experimental data were collected regarding the participant’s task performance and questionnaire of the System Usability Scale (SUS), as well as semi-structured interviews. The generated results revealed that: (1) Graphic icons significantly affect users’ task performance. The presence of graphic icons improves users’ task performance more than the absence of graphic icons in plain text information. However, the result is opposite in the condition of information visualization. (2) The analysis of SUS showed a significant interaction effect between the graphic icons and the information presentation types. (3) The presence of graphic icons can significantly provide more efficiency than the absence of graphic icons in plain text information. Nonetheless, the result is opposite in the condition of information visualization. It is hoped that the results generated from this study can be a good design reference for future Website designers.Keywords: Shopping website; Mouse hover; Icon symbol; Information visualization; SUS
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Koganti, Ramakrishna, Armando Joaquin, and Chris Karas. "Dimensional Variation Analysis of T-Node Joints Using Aluminum 6063-T52 Extrusion Material in Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Joining Process." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72071.

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The development of manufacturing processes for joining and assembling of lightweight aluminum vehicles requires detailed process capability studies as well as dimensional variation analysis studies to ensure process controls are in place. These manufacturing processes not only have to provide cycle time viability but also need to maintain or surpass product safety and quality. T-Nodes joint designs are an integral of aluminum architectures based on hybrid designs, i.e those fabricated from mixed aluminum products consisting of castings, stampings and extrusions. The purpose of this study was to find optimum parameters for minimum distortion for the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of 6063-T52 T-Nodes. The welding factors considered were locators (4-way and 2-way pins verses net surfaces), the welding equiment process factors (power input, pulse frequency, gas flow rate, torch angle and arc intensity), the use of simultaneous welding, and welding sequence order. A partial factorial design of experiment (DOE) was conducted to understand the effects of these factors on T-node joint distortions. A total of 14 points were considered for dimensional distortion measurements. Results showed power (heat) input is the only statiscally significant factor on joint distortion. Locators type as well as welding sequence and simultaneous welding also had a measurable affect on part deviation during welding.
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Savran, Melih, Asil Ayaz, and Tuğrul Uslu. "Modeling and Optimization of 3D Printed PLA Material for Maximum Flexural Strength Using Multiple Nonlinear Neuro Regression Analysis." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.033.

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Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a growing additive manufacturing method to produce complex objects without geometrical limitations. In addition, mechanical strength, dimensional accuracy, product development cycle time, and surface properties can be improved depending on the application of the best settings of design variables. There are various printing parameters which influence the mechanical properties and quality of FDM parts. In this study, appropriate printing parameters were determined to obtain desired quality on mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy. Then full factorial design was employed to form experiment set including process parameters. Multiple nonlinear neuro-regression analysis was used for modeling of FDM process. The present study aims at optimization of the FDM process parameters including infill pattern, infill density and build orientation on flexural strength and strain for polylactide (PLA) material. In this regard, optimization algorithms Differential Evolution and Nelder Mead were used to find the best design or elite designs. Third-order polynomial model and hybrid model including polynomial and logarithmic terms were employed as an objective function to define physical phenomena regarding flexural strength and strain, respectively. It was found that (i) maximum flexural strength as 99.66 MPa using a cubic pattern, flat orientation, and 90 % infill density, (ii) minimum ultimate strain as 1.102 % for gyroid pattern, flat orientation, and 47 % infill density.
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Boyd, Nicholas, and David Molyneux. "Analysis of Variance to Determine the Effect of Hull Form Parameters on Resistance and Seakeeping Performance for PSV Hulls." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54542.

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Throughout the world many Platform Supply Vessel designs have been proposed as the optimal form for their given operating environment, but evaluating these claims has been difficult due to a poor understanding of the relationships between hull form shapes and performance for these vessels. This paper presents the results of analysis aimed at determining these relationships. Results of CFD calculations to determine the Effective Horsepower/tonne for a series of PSV designs were presented in the paper A step towards an optimum PSV Hull form. This paper presents results for 16 separate hull forms, which were designed as each possible combination of four two-level hull form parameters. The hull form features considered were bow shape (vertical stem or bulbous), flat of bottom (flat or deadrise), length of parallel mid body (short or long), and stern shape (convention or integrated); resistance was calculated at two typical operating speeds (10 and 14 knots). This set of results was favourable for analysis using the statistical design of experiments technique: analysis of variance, which was used to determine the relationship between the hull and resistance performance. The same hull form series was used to study the effects of the hull form parameters on motions in head waves. A 2 level factorial experiment was designed based on the hull parameters with the heave and pitch response calculated using the potential flow ship motion prediction code Shipmo3D, for each of two representative wave conditions (summer light seas and winter heavy seas) at the zero speed and 10 knot operating speed. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the heave and pitch responses measured, and was used to determine the relationship between each hull parameter and each response. In both cases a 5% F-test was used to determine the significance of each parameter studied, and the significant effects were analyzed to determine their contributions to the overall model of the data. The results have found the relationships between the hull design parameters and the Effective Horespower/tonne, heave, and pitch response of the vessel, indicating which factors provide the largest contribution to minimizing each response. The interaction effects between factors were also examined to allow for a generalized understanding of the resulting effect of selecting one hull parameter over another. A numerical model combining all significant factors was fitted to the data, allowing for multiple objective optimization to determine which hull forms provide the most desirable performance for each response.
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Glistau, Elke, Michael Schenk, and Norge Isaias Coello Machado. "Full-Factorial Design of Experiments in Logistics Systems." In MultiScience - XXXI. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. University of Miskolc, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26649/musci.2017.042.

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Reports on the topic "Factorial experiment designs"

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Muralidharan, Karthik, Mauricio Romero, and Kaspar Wüthrich. Factorial Designs, Model Selection, and (Incorrect) Inference in Randomized Experiments. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26562.

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Ghosh, Subir, and Xiao D. Zhang. Two New Series of Search Designs for 3(m) Factorial Experiments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada174429.

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Erdman, Richard, Geoffrey Dahl, Hanina Barash, Israel Bruckental, Avi Shamay, and Anthony Capuco. Management Strategies to Maximize Skeletal Growth Rate in Dairy Heifers. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695848.bard.

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The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) and added dietary rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on organ and tissue weights and body composition in growing dairy heifers. A total of 32 Holstein heifers, 3 months of age at the beginning of the study were used in the experiment. Eight heifers were slaughtered at 3 mo of age to determine pre- treatment body composition. The remaining heifers were randomly assigned to treatments (n=6) consisting of 0.1 mg/kg body weight per day of bST and 2% added dietary RUP (dry matter basis) applied in a 2X2 factorial design. A total of six heifers per treatment group (3 each at 5 and 10 mo of age), were slaughtered to determine body composition an organ masses. There was a trend for increased live and empty body weights (EB:W), carcass and non-carcass components for heifers treated with bST or fed RUP. Added RUP increased rumen and reticulum weights whereas administration of bST tended to increase the weights of small and large intestine at 10 months of age by 22 % and 26%, respectively. Spleen, heart, and kidney weights at 10 months of age were increased 36%, 28% and 23% for bST treatments respectively, compared with controls. Rates of ash and protein deposition between 3 and 10 months of age were increased by bST by 7.2 g/d and 28.9 g/d, respectively, while no treatment differences were observed for rates of fat and energy deposition. Bovine somatotropin significantly altered the metabolism of growing heifers in a manner that led to increased protein and ash deposition, and tended to reduce fat percentage, and there was a similar tendency observed with added RUP. This suggests that nutritional and endocrine manipulations could increase growth rates of skeletal and lean tissues without increasing fat deposition in prepubertal dairy heifers.
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