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Hatem, Wadhah A., Samiaah M. Hassen Al-Tmeemy, and Baydaa Hussain Maula. "Disparities of Factors Affecting the Duration of Construction Projects Among Countries." International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE) 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irece.v12i1.19284.
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Moyst, Howard, and Biman Das. "Factors Affecting Ship Design and Construction Lead Time and Cost." Journal of Ship Production 21, no. 03 (August 1, 2005): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2005.21.3.186.
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This paper reviews a ship design and construction case study in the context of the published literature on the design process and its impact on construction. The objective was to explore the factors that impact design and construction lead time and cost. Design and construction managers constantly experience pressure to accelerate the construction start time in an environment characteristic of frequent design changes and rework. Often the construction of the first ships of a series will aggressively overlap the design phase. This investigation assessed a case study that illustrated that as the degree of overlap between design and construction increases, design changes increased ship construction costs and duration. This negates the advantage of trying to reduce lead time by overlapping phases. Before strategies of overlapping are utilized, shipbuilders need to better understand the details of the design process and its integration with other functions to improve design quality and reduce the impact of design changes on manufacturing and construction. It is recommended that when overlapping strategies are considered, design changes and their impact on construction be factored into the decision. A better strategy would be to eliminate design quality issues and design and construction rework.
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Chan, Daniel W. M., and Mohan M. Kumaraswamy. "A study of the factors affecting construction durations in Hong Kong." Construction Management and Economics 13, no. 4 (July 1995): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446199500000037.
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Rajeshkumar, Viswanathan, and V. Sreevidya. "Performance Evaluation on Selection of Formwork Systems in High Rise Buildings Using Regression Analysis and Their Impacts on Project Success." Archives of Civil Engineering 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2019-0029.
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AbstractThe selection of the formwork system for high rise building affects the entire construction project duration and cost. The study reports the factors influencing the selection of different formwork system in the construction of high rise buildings through structural questionnaire survey from the client, contractor, consultant, and interviews with expert members. Total of 40 technical factors was identified from the literature and 220 filled questionnaires were received from the respondent. Relative Importance Index method is used to find the topmost factors affecting the selection of formwork system. Additionally, from factor analysis 22 factors were identified to have a correlation with one another. Regression analysis reveals that duration of the project, maintenance cost, adaptability, and safety have impact on formwork selection across time, cost and quality. These findings could potentially increase the construction company’s existing knowledge in relation to formwork selection.
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Kuzhin, Marat, Ekaterina Chepik, and Angelina Baranova. "Influence of natural and climatic factors on the organization of construction." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 08006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016408006.
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In this research the influence of natural and climatic conditions on the organization of construction production are examined. Our purpose was to identify the nature of the dependence of the duration of construction work on natural and climatic factors. The analysis of normative and technical documentation in terms of accounting for the influence of natural and climatic factors was made. The system of estimation of influence of natural conditions on preparatory, ground, facade, roofing works, and also the appliance of monolithic structures, installation of prefabricated ferroconcrete items, and on works – implementation of internal finishing is offered. It was estimated, that the norms of construction production take into account a certain number of natural and climatic factors affecting the performance of work, but most of these factors have not yet been given in the normative and technical documentation. It is necessary to study this issue more comprehensively and to establish exact dependences on natural and climatic conditions, which will allow to quantify these factors already while calculating. This is necessary to compile more accurate calendar plans and schedules of production of works, as close as possible to real conditions. The study of this issue is one of the most important issues in the design of construction production. With insufficient consideration of these factors, the final actual figures are very different from the projected ones, which also lead to an increase in the cost of construction and installation work and the duration of their implementation. Taking into consideration the influence of natural and climatic factors will allow planning construction production more accurate.
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Plebankiewicz, E., and P. Karcińska. "Creating a Construction Schedule Specyfing Fuzzy Norms and the Number of Workers." Archives of Civil Engineering 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0089.
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Abstract The basic element of a project organizing construction works is a schedule. The preparation of the data necessary to specify the timings of the construction completion as indicated in the schedule involves information that is uncertain and hard to quantify. The article presents the methods of building a schedule which includes a fuzzy amount of labour, time standards and number of workers. The proposed procedure allows determining the real deadline for project completion, taking into account variable factors affecting the duration of the individual works.
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Kazaz, Aynur, Serdar Ulubeyli, and Nihan Avcioglu Tuncbilekli. "CAUSES OF DELAYS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN TURKEY." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18, no. 3 (June 29, 2012): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.698913.
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In both developing and industrialized countries, deviation from a planned time schedule is one of the most frequently encountered problems in construction investments. Various factors faced with during construction period prevent systematic flow of work, which causes time-based anomalies as a conclusion. Considering the vital importance of the construction industry on the macro-economic structure of a country, it is inevitable to be aware of considerable effect of the timely completion on the allocated project budget. In this study, causes of time extensions in the Turkish construction industry and levels of their importance were examined together. In total, 34 factors affecting project duration were taken into account. A questionnaire survey, including these factors, was then applied to 71 construction companies in Turkey, and the outcomes were evaluated by means of statistical analyses. According to the results, “design and material changes” was found to be the most predominant factor, followed by “delay of payments” and “cash flow problems”. In terms of importance levels of factor groups, financial factors were found to be the first group, while environmental factors were the least effective group. It should be also noted that managerial causes of time extensions are encountered in developed and developing countries, whereas financial causes are experienced in developing countries only.
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Famiyeh, Samuel, Charles Teye Amoatey, Ebenezer Adaku, and Collins Sena Agbenohevi. "Major causes of construction time and cost overruns." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 15, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-11-2015-0075.
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Purpose In Ghana, the duration of construction projects from inception to completion is becoming a great concern, recently, especially among clients and beneficiaries, because of the rising interest rates, inflation, development plan targets, among other factors. Hence the need to understand the causes of delays and cost overrun in the construction sector has become more important than ever. This study therefore aims to identify the major factors underlying time and cost overruns in projects related to the education sector in Ghana to proffer practical solutions in addressing them. Design/methodology/approach The study conducted a survey among clients’ consultants and representatives of the contractors working on about 60 government school projects. A relative importance index was used to determine the relative effects of the factors causing construction time and cost overruns. Findings The key factors causing construction time overrun were: financial problems, unrealistic contract durations imposed by clients, poorly defined project scope, client-initiated variations, under-estimation of project cost by consultants, poor inspection/supervision of projects by consultants. Other factors were underestimation of project complexity by contractors, poor site management, inappropriate construction methods used by contractors and delays in the issuance of permits by government agencies. Factors affecting cost overruns were financial difficulty by client, delays in payments of completed works, variations in designs, lack of communications plans, poor feasibility and project analysis, poor financial management on site and material price fluctuations. Research limitations/implications The research was limited to only the educational sector projects. Practical implications Practically, this study highlights for the construction sector the critical factors causing project time and cost overruns in Ghana. Identification of these factors provides the basis for pragmatic solutions to enhance the chances of project success. Social implications The identification and solutions to project time and cost overruns, especially for educational sector projects, contribute toward making public goods more affordable and accessible to most citizens, particularly in developing countries. Originality/value This study contributes to the debate on factors causing project time and cost overruns in the construction sector especially from a developing country’s perspective.
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Al-Janabi, Assim Muwafaq, Mohamed Shawky Abdel-Monem, and Karim Mohamed El-Dash. "FACTORS CAUSING REWORK AND THEIR IMPACT ON PROJECTS’ PERFORMANCE IN EGYPT." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 26, no. 7 (August 21, 2020): 666–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.12916.
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The Egyptian construction industry suffers from severe delays and cost overruns. Rework is a prime cause of this challenge. Therefore, the objective of this study to identify the root causes of rework for Egyptian construction projects and their impact on the project duration and cost. An extensive literature review has been done to identify the most common factors affecting rework. Hence, eighty-seven factors were identified and categorised into ten groups. Structured interview technique was adopted to get the opinions of 67 Egyptian construct professionals for nineteen different construction projects. Total Importance Index of Rework Impact (T.I.I.R.I%) was used to analyse and rank rework factors. Accordingly, the most critical five rework factors are economic situation for the country, schedule compression, design changes, specifications change, and inadequate feasibility study. Based on the survey results, the project stakeholders should consider the critical rework factors during the planning stage and before the project execution, to eliminate or reduce the occurrence and impact of rework causes and to improve the performance of the projects. This paper provides state of the art for rework causes and their effects on construction projects performance, and it can be beneficial for both practitioners and researchers for future work.
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Othman, Idris, Madzlan Napiah, and Narayanan Sambu Potty. "Resource Management in Construction Project." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.607.
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Construction projects experience various problems and complex factors such as cost, duration, quality and safety. Construction sector is diverse as it contains sub-contractors, contractors, consultants, architects, owners, and others. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze resource management issues in construction project. Other than that is to ascertain the significance of the resource management as one of the key element in construction project success. A literature review and a questionnaire survey were done for data collection and analyzed using Relative Importance Index and Cronbach’s alpha. The questionnaires were distributed to the team members of KLIA 2 – New Low Cost Terminal Project: Client, Architects, Main Contractor, and Sub-Contractor. The findings revealed that dependent on foreign workers to respond to the high demand of skilled workers, weather condition affecting machineries/equipment-work-related performance and weaknesses in quality assurance for the supply of construction materials should be given serious attention in order to ensure the productivity and financial performance of the projects. Keywords: Construction Project Management, Resource Management, Manpower, Machineries, Materials
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Shakir, Zaynab Nadzhi. "DELAY AND COST INCREASE IN LARGE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS OF IRAQ." Construction Materials and Products 3, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-57-61.
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the planned cost and duration of the project are two criteria for a successful project and successful project management. In Iraq, construction projects regularly faced delays and cost increases.
The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the causes of delays and cost increases, in terms of their degree of occurrence, severity and importance.
Objectives of the study: the study of the reasons leading to excess cost and duration
Research technique: a questionnaire was used to identify the causes of this situation. The questionnaire was compiled through a survey of 57 Iraqi construction experts. Twenty reasons for delays and cost increases corresponding to the construction and industrial construction projects were identified and ranked in terms of importance. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS packages.
Conclusions: The results showed that the main factors affecting the cost and duration of the project are: financial difficulties of the owner (77.61%), poor site management (77.1%), financial difficulties of the contractor (70.0%), poor assistance in project management (76.9%), design changes (76.7%). Spearman's correlation tests showed that there were no differences in views between the three main participants in the project.
These results may encourage practitioners to focus on the problem of delay and the increase in value that may exist in their current or future projects.
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Albuainain, Noora, Ghaleb Sweis, Wassim AlBalkhy, Rateb Sweis, and Zoubeir Lafhaj. "Factors Affecting Occupants’ Satisfaction in Governmental Buildings: The Case of the Kingdom of Bahrain." Buildings 11, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060231.
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Satisfaction is a very important factor in improving productivity and performance in the work environment. This study aims to investigate the levels of occupants’ satisfaction with the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in the governmental buildings in the Kingdom of Bahrain and to investigate the impact of occupants’ demographics and building attributes (non-IEQ factors) on these levels. For these purposes, the study used a questionnaire that has 17 indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors in addition to a group of non-IEQ factors. The questionnaire was distributed by hand or using email to 279 employees in the Bahraini governmental sector. The findings of the study revealed that occupants in the Bahraini governmental buildings are not strongly satisfied with IEQ factors, especially with sound privacy, followed by visual privacy and amount of space, and then noise levels. The findings also showed that for most IEQ factors, men are more satisfied than women are, those who work in enclosed private offices are more satisfied than those who work in open-plan offices, and those who have central air-conditioning at their workplace are more than those who have a wall-mounted air conditioner. The impact of age, nature of work, duration of working in the current building and at the current workstation, weekly working hours, and proximity to the window were also investigated. Accordingly, a group of recommendations was suggested aiming to improve the levels of occupants’ satisfaction.
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Lee, Hae-Jin, Hae-Kyung Park, and Se-Uk Cheon. "Effects of Weir Construction on Phytoplankton Assemblages and Water Quality in a Large River System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112348.
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Flow regulation is one of the most common anthropogenic factors affecting rivers worldwide. In Korea, 16 weirs were constructed along four major rivers from 2009 to 2012. This study aimed to elucidate initial changes in physical, chemical, and biological variables after the construction of consecutive weirs on the Nakdong River, a major large river system. Water quality variables and phytoplankton cell densities were investigated at eight representative sites and compared with the data recorded before the weir construction. There were spatial and temporal changes in the hydraulic retention time (HRT), total phosphorus (TP), and chlorophyll a concentrations among the eight weir sections. HRT increased after the weir construction, while TP and chlorophyll a tended to decrease from the middle to lower section of the Nakdong River. Furthermore, differences were observed in the phytoplankton community composition between 2006–2007 and 2013. There was a marginal decrease in the duration of centric diatom (Stephanodiscus hantzschii) blooms after weir construction. However, Microcystis aeruginosa proliferated more extensively during summer and autumn than it did before the weir construction. Our results suggest that changes in hydrological factors, in response to consecutive weir construction, may contribute to greater physical, chemical, and ecological variability.
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Mahjoubpour, Behzad, Farnad Nasirzadeh, Mahmoud Mohammad Hosein Zadeh Golabchi, Maryam Ramezani Khajehghiasi, and Mostafa Mir. "Modeling of workers’ learning behavior in construction projects using agent-based approach." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 4 (May 21, 2018): 559–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2016-0166.
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Purpose Learning as the way in which labor acquire new knowledge and skills has important strategic implications for the competitive advantage of an organization. The purpose of this paper is to present an agent-based modeling (ABM) approach to investigate the learning behavior of workers. The effect of interactions among different workers as well as the factors affecting the workers’ learning behavior is assessed using the proposed ABM approach. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, the processes through which the competency value of worker is changed are understood and the workers’ learning behavior is modeled, taking account of various influencing factors such as knowledge flow, social ability to teach and forgetting factor. Findings The proposed model is implemented on a real steel structure project to evaluate its applicability and performance. The variation in the competency value of different workers involved in the project is simulated over time taking account of all the influencing factors using the proposed ABM approach. Practical implications In order to assess the effect of interactions among welders as well as the welders’ characteristics on their learning behavior, the competence value of different welders is evaluated. Originality/value This research presents an ABM approach to investigate the workers’ learning behavior. To evaluate the performance of the proposed ABM approach, it was implemented on a real steel structure project. The learning behavior of different welders (agents) was simulated taking account of their interactions as well as the factors affecting the welders’ learning behavior. The project involved the welding of a 240-ton steel structure. The initial project duration was estimated as 100 days. In this project, it has been planned to execute the welding process using three different welders namely welder A, B and C.
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Bendi, Deepthi, Muhammad Qasim Rana, Mohammed Arif, Jack Steven Goulding, and Amit Kant Kaushik. "Understanding off-site readiness in Indian construction organisations." Construction Innovation 21, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-02-2020-0016.
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Purpose This paper presents a bespoke model for understanding off-site construction (OSC) readiness among Indian construction organisations. This model presents 17 variables for discussion, the results from which help support OSC strategic decision-making. Design/methodology/approach Factor analysis was used to investigate the relationship between variables to group them into factors. After identifying 26 different variables, these were reduced to 17 using factor analysis and categorised into four groups. Descriptive statistical analysis and factor analysis using SPSS was used to develop a hierarchy of factors that affect OSC readiness in India. These findings were reinforced by five domain experts to support the results. Findings Minimising on-site duration, ensuring cost and time certainty and transportation issues were identified as the three most important factors, whereas lack of guidance and scepticism were among the lowest factors affecting the Indian OSC sector. Research limitations/implications This research is specifically focused on OSC within the Indian construction sector. As such, data collection, propagation and analysis should be constrained to the population context regarding inference, generalisability and repeatability. Practical implications The proffered OSC readiness model offers OSC practitioners an ability to assess the OSC readiness of construction organisations in India. This includes the evaluation and benchmarking of processes in both strategic and operational phases, including highlighting areas of concern and scope for further development (to achieve optimal advantage of OSC methods). Originality/value Originality rests with the use of factor analysis and descriptive statistical analysis to study the influence of different construction-related factors and variables on the OSC sector in India. This impact readiness model is context-specific to the Indian OSC sector – providing a unique insight into the causal factors and dependencies that can affect the adoption and uptake of modern methods of construction in India.
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Hamzah, Meor Othman, and Seyed Reza Omranian. "Effects of extended short-term aging duration on asphalt binder behaviour at high temperatures." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 11, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2016.35.
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Many factors affecting pavement performance include variations in binder composition and environmental conditions during asphalt mixture production. Hence, predicting pavement performance is a difficult task. This paper aims to investigate the effects of short term aging on binder viscosity at high temperature. In order to predict the effects of short term aging on the asphalt binder viscosity at high temperatures, a Response Surface Method was performed on the Rotational Viscometer test results. An experimental matrix was planned based on the central composite design for aging duration and test temperature. The test results showed that aging increased the binder viscosity, while increasing test temperature decreased the corresponding value. However, aging effects differ and depend on binder types, test temperatures and aging conditions. It was also found that the Response Surface Method is a fast, effective and reliable method to predict the effects of aging on binder viscosity behaviour at high temperatures.
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Liu, Xun, Le Shen, and Kun Zhang. "Estimating the Probability Distribution of Construction Project Completion Times Based on Drum-Buffer-Rope Theory." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 7150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157150.
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Various factors affecting the construction progress are regarded as bottlenecks giving rise to the project duration overrun. The contractor should combine the project schedule with the plan in order to reduce the uncertainty of the project activities. The present research describes the method derived from the theory of constraints (TOC) attempts to enhance the relationship among activities, to revise and further reduce the uncertainty of construction activities to improve the reliability of project progress. The elements of drum, buffer and rope (DBR) in TOC are added to PERT network schedule; through the identification of schedule in the bottleneck process, the implementation plan of the bottleneck is obtained. By measuring buffer time and calculating network schedule buffer time as well as feeding time, the relationship among activities and uncertainty of duration are also improved. To illustrate the impact of DBR applications on improving project schedule reliability, a case of hydropower station as an example is illustrated to show enhanced reliability of scheduling. As compared to program evaluation and review technique network (PERT) simulation, the simulation results showed that the uncertainty of construction progress could be reduced if the DBR are well cooperated mutually.
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Bagherpour, Morteza, Mohammad Khaje Zadeh, Amin Mahmoudi, and Xiaopeng Deng. "INTERPRETIVE STRUCTURAL MODELING IN EARNED VALUE MANAGEMENT." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 26, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.12182.
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The primary purpose of the current study is introducing a comprehensive approach to identify the relationship among different criteria in Earned Value Management (EVM). EVM is a well-known approach in project management context that can monitor schedule and cost performance indexes in projects simultaneously. The EVM detects current project performances and also predicts at completion costs of the project. In this study, employing Interpretive Structural Modelling, interactions which exist among affecting factors on EVM’s success are determined. First, all of the practical factors on EVM are determined and categorized into four main clusters; then the most effective ones are separated from the clusters; eventually, ISM is used based on eleven ultimate critical criteria. The results demonstrate that “Instability in the construction market” and “Macroeconomic indicators” are the most influencing factors affecting the EVM. Finally, a novel method for enhancing the performance of conventional EVM is presented. The proposed approach would be highly applicable for engineering managers who are willing to promote the current performance of the systems. Most studies have been previously carried out on the applications of the EVM in terms of improving final cost and total duration elapsed whereas there is not any particular study on the EVM issue which has stated the key factors that influence the EVM and lasting effect on the project performance. It should be noted that the proposed approach can be employed through the life cycle of any project particularly in construction projects.
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Vasiljeva, Marina, Inna Neskorodieva, Vadim Ponkratov, Nikolay Kuznetsov, Vitali Ivlev, Marina Ivleva, Maksim Maramygin, and Angelina Zekiy. "A Predictive Model for Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Economies of Some Eastern European Countries." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6030092.
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The paper seeks to develop a predictive model for assessing the impact of the (COVID-19) pandemic on the economies of Eastern Europe, taking into account quarantine measures. Functions of the dependence on the number of the infected populations in Eastern Europe on pandemic duration were calculated based on trend analysis. Factors affecting the intensity of disease and the number of infected persons have been determined. Integral model of their influence has been built using regression analysis. Based on the values of the factors, the number of infected people and the rate of infection were predicted for each of the Eastern European countries. The prognostic duration of the stage of exponential disease growth and the total duration of quarantine (epidemiological saturation point) are substantiated. The predicted decline in Eastern European GDP due to COVID-19 has been estimated based on the construction of a prognostic regression model. The results obtained can be used by state authorities and economic agents as a tool for active and preventive response. They can also serve as an example of the urgent need to develop, especially in non-standard situations, mechanisms and products of open innovation.
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Khatib, Basem Al, Yap Soon Poh, and Ahmed El-Shafie. "Delay Factors Management and Ranking for Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Projects Based on the Relative Importance Index (RII)." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 6171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156171.
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In recent decades, the construction industry has developed rapidly. Delay was and remains one of the most important challenges negatively affecting not only this industry but also the economy and sustainable development. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the delay factors in reconstruction projects because of the vital importance of these types of projects. This is the first attempt to conduct such an analysis for reconstruction projects in particular, and it is a continuation of the previous case study, which was considered one of the most important reconstruction projects in the Middle East region. The previous study focused on determining the types of delay factors used in this project. It is necessary to carry out advance in-depth analysis to sort the delay factors based on their effect on the project plan. In order to achieve the study goal, 93 questionnaires were distributed by hand to experts working on the project: some of them working the day shift, and the others working the night shift. The questionnaire results were analyzed and delay factors were sorted in descending order according to the relative importance index (RII). The three main factors affecting the overall reconstruction project duration were site restrictions and conditions, electrical and mechanical rerouting works, and design buildability and adjustment.
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O. O. MARTYSH, O. P. MARTYSH, F. I. PAVLOV, N. S. RYNKEVYCH, and I. O. MYKHAILOVA. "IMPROVING THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL RELIABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULES." Bridges and tunnels: Theory, Research, Practice, no. 12 (May 21, 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/bttrp2017/167763.
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Purpose. Determination of the rational level of organizational and technological reliability of schedule time parameters. Methodology. The factors affecting the performance of construction and installation works as a part of the construction schedule are considered. It is used the approach where the time for completing a certain amount of work is derivate from the performer’s performance and the intensity of work. The duration of the work is not a determinate value, but a range (interval) of possible values that can be described using the normal distribution, the β-distribution, and the α-distribution. Findings. It is found out the dependence between the output of performers and the reliability of work in the planning period. It is determined the rational level of organizational and technological reliability of the construction schedule at the stage of its time parameters modeling. Originality. It is improved the method for calculating the construction spread, taking into account the probability of a period of execution of works, which permits to quantify the dynamics of uncertainty growth in the period of execution of works as a part of the construction spread. A new approach to time parameters planning allows controlling changes in reliability during the implementation of the plan. Obtained results form the basis for further calculation of failure rates and rational control mode. Practical value. The calculation of the time parameters of the construction spread, taking into account the destabilizing influence of random factors of the external and internal environment, makes it possible to bring the projected construction schedules closer to real-life conditions that occur during the implementation.
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Taofeeq, Moshood D., A. Q. Adeleke, and Chia-Kuang LEE. "Government policy as a key moderator to contractors’ risk attitudes among Malaysian construction companies." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 6 (February 12, 2020): 1543–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-08-2019-0192.
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Purpose The main parties in construction projects are the engineers, clients, architects, contractors, material suppliers, and consultants such as the project managers. They play the most important roles in implementing construction projects, and their activities have a significant impact on their risk attitudes during the execution of projects. Because each participant has their particular interests, by proprietary information, each participant is driven to achieve maximum benefit, which can result in improper behaviour concerning each other. The risk in this situation is that there would be a moral hazard and adverse selection based on information asymmetry among principal construction participants especially contractors; this outcome is called risk attitudes. Behaviour is affected by various risk factors and the successful implementation of construction projects depends on effective management of the key risk factors part of which is a personal factor. The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical factors affecting contractors’ risk attitudes among Malaysian construction companies with the moderating role of government policy. Organizational control theory and expected utility theory were used to develop the theoretical framework. The study investigated G7 contractors in the Malaysian construction industry. Data were collected through the use of a questionnaire. Design/methodology/approach The research analysis was based on structural equation modelling (SEM), and the research model was ascertained through the Smart PLS 3.0 software (Ringle et al., 2012). Partial least square-SEM is an appropriate analysis that was used to assess the results in the current research because its algorithm permits the unrestricted computation of cause-effect relationship models that use both reflective and formative measurement models. This study uses the quantitative method to identify the individual factors influencing contractors’ risk attitude and the moderating role of government policy among construction companies in Malaysia. This study also focussed on the G7 contractors operating in the Malaysia construction industry that specializes in building, bridge and road construction projects. The duration of the data collection was between two and three weeks. The questionnaire was prepared both in Malay and English languages to allow the respondents to respond most conveniently. Before the copies of the questionnaire were distributed, the selected contractors’ committees were duly informed about the details of the survey procedures. The adopted Likert scale was originally a five-point scale that ranges from “very low” to “very high” with “low or high” in between. Findings The result of this study moderately supports the hypothesized relationships proposed in the theoretical model. In particular, the results recommended that personal factors that affect risk attitudes (working experience, emotional intelligence, professional competence and physical health) have a significant relation with contractors’ risk attitudes in the construction companies in Malaysia. Also, it has been found that government policy (rules and regulations) are important determinants of risk attitudes. Research limitations/implications The study focussed on individual factors affecting contractors’ risk attitudes in the construction company’s in Malaysia. Therefore, the dimensions of factors affecting risk attitudes can be used in another aspect of construction projects such as management factors, economic factors and technical factors. Therefore, further research might investigate other grades of Malaysian construction companies apart from Grade 7 contractors to know if there is a similarity in the results; other grades of the contractors might have potential positive contributions to the construction industry as well. Practical implications With consider to the practical, the current research findings have several contributions for the contractors and project managers. The research results demonstrate that government policy plays an important role in the construction industry and organizational support will also help contractors to control their attitudes in working place. Individual factor has a direct relationship with contractor risk attitudes (CRA), project managers must ensure that the government policy has an impact in all their workers and offered is competitive, fair and by their employees’ contribution. Apart from that managers should also focus on organizational goals especially in managing professional and skilled contractors in the companies. Employees who perceived their employers as uncaring or not supporting their needs and well-being may not be happy working with the organization and the tendency for them to change their attitudes towards risk will be high. Social implications This study also contributes knowledge by lending empirical support to the organizational control theory and expected utility theory system’s effect on CRA and confirming that changing one individual attitude will change the whole equilibrium. This is useful to aid in further synthesis of organizational control theory and expected utility theory in construction companies. Originality/value This study is the first attempt at evaluating the direct and moderating effect relationships among individual factor affecting risk attitudes, government policy and CRA in Malaysian construction companies. These findings also prop up the applicability of the organizational control theory and expected utility theory within the context of construction companies in Malaysia. Also, this study contributed to the literature on psychology by subjective (psychological) measures of individuals’ behaviour and decisions. In the CRA literature, there has been much discussion on personal characteristics to understand behaviours such as attitudes of a contractor towards risk and morals.
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Nezdoiminov, Viktor, Dmitrii Zavorotnyi, Vitalii Rozhkov, and Pavel Deminov. "Permissible parameters for the circulation rate of the sludge mixture in airlift reactor-clarifier with suspended layer." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 11009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824511009.
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Factors affecting the permissible limits of sludge mixture circulation rate are given for airlift reactor-clarifier with a suspended layer. The upper limit of the circulation rate is justified as a function of some geometric dimensions of the bioreactor and the hydraulic load on the clarifier to comply with conditions of a suspended layer existence. The lower limit of the circulation rate was obtained on the basis of two conditions: the duration of the active sludge stay in anoxic conditions and the observance of recommended rates in the construction in order to avoid the settling of active sludge. Theoretical and empirical dependences of the maximum permissible values of the circulation rate on the main geometric parameters and on productivity of the airlift reactor-clarifier are presented.
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Oke, Ayodeji Emmanuel. "Effect of bond administration on construction project delivery." Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 1390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0001.
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Abstract Construction bond administration involves management of bond issues from inception of obtaining bond from guarantor to the point of release of contractor by the client. This process has posted a lot of challenges to construction stakeholders; it is therefore, necessary to examine the relationship between bond administration and project success. Archival data of completed bonded building projects were gathered through a pro forma developed for this purpose. Using Pearson product moment of correlation, it was revealed that the cost of securing a construction bond has a positive and significant effect on the initial and final costs of the project, while the number of days needed to secure a construction bond has no significant effect on the initial and final durations of the construction project. In order to establish the relationship between project delivery indices of cost and time and the construction bond administration variables, iteration of linear regression was adopted to arrive at the best-fit equation. Factors affecting the cost of securing construction bonds from guarantors should be identified and given adequate attention by construction stakeholders in order to minimize the effect of construction bond administration on project delivery.
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A., Dulcie Celia, Ezhil Ramya J., and Sriviruthi B. "A comparative study for evaluation of cognitive function in type-II diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetics." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 4 (March 23, 2018): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20181179.
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Background: To evaluate the impact of type-II diabetes mellitus on cognitive function and to assess the factors associated with impaired function.Methods: This prospective study compared 100 type-II diabetic people attending the diabetic clinic of Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital with another 100 membered control group. The study group was selected randomly between the age group of 45-65 years. A neuro-cognitive assessment was done using Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE), which is a simple and reliable screening test. This scale has 12 questions with time limits to assess orientation, memory, calculation, language, attention and construction. Magnitude and severity of cognitive decrement were analysed along with the possible factors affecting it.Results: Mean age of the study population was 54.6±7.24 years. Cognitive impairment was noted among 62 of cases and 48 of the control group, which means a 14% higher prevalence of cognitive impairment among the type 2 diabetics. The association of development of cognitive impairment and duration of diabetes mellitus was significant statistically (p value = 0.025443; p<0.05). Other demographic variables like gender, education and domicile were also seen to affect the results.Conclusions: Mild to moderate cognitive impairment was found significantly higher among the type-II diabetics than the non-diabetics. The cognitive impairment was found to be associated with the duration of diabetes. Hence the routine screening of cognition by SMMSE should be done in all type-II diabetic patients.
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Li, Mingqian, Xiujuan Liang, Changlai Xiao, Xuezhu Zhang, Guiyang Li, Hongying Li, and Wenhan Jang. "Evaluation of Reservoir-Induced Hydrological Alterations and Ecological Flow Based on Multi-Indicators." Water 12, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12072069.
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Although they fulfill various needs of human beings, reservoirs also cause hydrological regime variation in the downstream regions, thus affecting ecological diversity. Therefore, studying the reservoir-induced hydrological alterations and ecological effects is of great significance, as it could guide the regulation of the reservoir to protect the river ecology. In this study, taking the Taizi River as an example, the impact of a reservoir on hydrological alteration and ecological diversity was comprehensively evaluated through eco-flow indicators based on the flow duration curve and multiple hydrological indicators. The results reveal that: (1) Ecological indicators can be used to analyze the annual and seasonal changes in the streamflow after the construction of the reservoir. The high-flow values and frequency decrease after the construction of the reservoir, especially in the autumn, while the low-flow component values increase significantly, especially in spring and summer. (2) The main influencing factors of the ecological indicators can be reflected by the relationship with precipitation, as the annual ecosurplus is not significantly affected by the reservoir, while the ecodeficit is greatly affected, and the seasonal ecological indicators (especially in spring and summer) are greatly affected by the reservoir. (3) The indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) show significant changes after the construction of the reservoir and are consistent with the changes in the eco-flow indicators; the change in the Shannon index indicates that the ecological diversity reduced after construction of the reservoir. It is controlled by the reservoir, and a new equilibrium state appears. (4) The eco-flow indicators have a good correlation with the 32 IHAs; they can reflect the change information of most IHAs and can avoid statistical redundancy.
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Meneylyuk, A. I., and S. V. Putilin. "DESIGNING OF METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING THE RESTORATION OF BRIDGES." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 80 (September 3, 2020): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-80-140-149.
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Abstract. The biggest part of the bridges in Ukraine requires serious restoration works. However, in the literature sources there are no recommendations for choosing effective organizational and technological solutions for the reconstruction of bridges and overpasses. Therefore, the design of methods for optimizing bridge restoration is an urgent task. The working optimization hypothesis is formulated in the article. A general research technique is developed. The algorithm of multicriteria analysis is presented to determine the most effective structural and technological solutions for the restoration of the main structural elements of the studied structures. As a result of the analysis, the most significant indicators of restoration efficiency were determined. These were the cost of restoration of m2 of the bridge and the duration of restoration of the bridge. As factors affecting performance indicators ‒ the intensity of the use of working time and the combination of construction processes, the size of the roadway and the operational condition of the bridge were selected. The planning of the experiment is based on the well-known theory of experimental planning. A 25-point D-optimal plan was selected, which will provide adequate results with significantly fewer experiments than in a full-factor experiment. For calculations is used the program software COMPEX, which is developed at the Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture under the direction of Professor V. Voznesensky. Modelling allows to find the dependencies between the input (intensity use of working time, combination of construction processes, size of the carriageway of the bridge, operational condition of the bridge) and output (cost of restoration of m2 of the bridge, duration of restoration of the bridge) parameters. Dependences data is described with usage of second-degree polynomials obtained by processing the results of a numerical experiment. These dependencies will allow to determine the cost and duration of the restoration of the bridge for varying degrees of damage and the size of the bridge. In addition, to change indicators by choosing the optimal production modes (combination of processes, the intensity of the use of working time). The analysis of the results of a numerical experiment will allow us to assess the influence of organizational and technological factors on the performance indicators of restoration technologies and find areas of factor space that provide optimization of organizational and technological solutions for the restoration of damaged bridges. At the last stage of the numerical experiment, limits are introduced into graphic models (by cost, duration, combination, etc.) and the optimal organizational and technological solutions are determined taking into account the introduced restrictions.
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Хаустова, Алена Николаевна, Андрей Виталиевич Лоян, Олег Петрович Рыбалов, and Евгений Иванович Ищенко. "ПРОФІЛОМЕТРІЮВАННЯ КРОМОК РОЗРЯДНОЇ КАМЕРИ СТАЦІОНАРНОГО ПЛАЗМОВОГО ДВИГУНА." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 8 (December 25, 2018): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.8.14.
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The effectiveness of stationary plasma thrusters was proved by many years of experience of their on board operation on various spacecraft especially on geostationary orbits. One of the main factors that affects the duration of the SPT operation time is the lifetime of the edges of the discharge chamber walls. One of the factors affecting the discharge chamber lifetime is the erosion of the edges of the insulators. Ceramic wear is cause by the destruction of the high-energy ion flow that takes place in thruster plasma.Theoretical study of the processes of discharge chamber insulators sputtering still does not allow mathematically determining the rate of development of the ceramic edges erosion processes with the necessary accuracy that is required for the SPT lifetime forecast. That is why all the researches require a full-scale testing of the thruster on a long time trial basis with subsequent measurements of the insulators value of erosion.In this paper, several methods for measuring the degree of insulators wear are considered. The analysis of the method for measuring the thickness of the ends of discharge chamber insulators was carried out, followed by the determination of radial erosion. It has been shown that this method is the most suitable for non-separable constructions of SPT due to the high accuracy of the measurements and its simplicity.A method for noncontact profilometry of the edges of thruster discharge chamber insulators was proposed. The use of a non-contact method allows measurements to be carried out, excluding the possibility of any deformations to the surface of insulators. Measurements were provided with the help of modern metallographic microscope. Advantages and disadvantages of the methodology are shown. The analysis of the factors that influences the error during measurements of the ceramic profile is carried out.A method is proposed for contact profilometry of the edges of thruster discharge chamber insulators. Advantages and disadvantages of the methodology are shown. The results of measurements of the profile of the two thrusters with the construction differences are provided.
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Huong, Huynh Thi Lan, and Luong Huu Dzung. "Criteria for flood warning levels in Vietnam." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-09-2019-0065.
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Purpose Determining alarm levels of river floods is considered an effective non-structural measure to prevent and mitigate the damages of flood and inundation. This study aims to propose a holistic approach, a comprehensive review of the factors affecting flooding and flood risk, based on which the water level (WL) is proposed for the flood alarm levels. The corresponding proposed WL to the necessary flood alarm levels is based on observed data, as well as simulated data from statistical methods and hydrological and hydraulic models. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the proposed criteria to delineate WLs corresponding to flood alarm levels include flood magnitude; flood derivation and flood duration; flood risks and damage; correlation with neighboring stations; flood characteristics and local characteristics; and other criteria (flood prevention strategy and flood experience). Findings The paper proposed a synthesis approach to determine flood warning levels in Vietnam. The retrieved levels are the basics to revise the Decision 632/2010 of the Vietnam Government on determining water alarm levels for flood prevention. The study proposes a new flood alarm system including revised flood levels at 115 existing stations and new flood levels at 30 additional stations. The proposed flood warning level can help manage the flooding problem in major river systems that supports flood protection and prevention services in Vietnam. Originality/value The paper proposed a novel synthesis approach to flood prevention in Vietnam.
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Ahmad Shakri, Md Rajuna Bin, Rozana Binti Zakaria, and Badrul Hisham Bin Abd Samad. "Determining Relationship between Physical Health Care Settings and Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 2460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2460.
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Healthy indoor air environment quality is needed for healthy building hospital. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a microbial infectious agent which causes tuberculosis (TB) disease in human. Hence, health care workers (HCWs) are belonged to a highly potential risk group to be infected by MTB. This research aims to investigate the source and factor(s) of TB transmission in sustainable indoor air environment at the Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru (HSAJB), Malaysia. The view taken in this paper is that the transmission dynamic of MTB from an active pulmonary TB (PTB) patient to another person via indoor air environment in the health care setting is generated as a result of an interaction between architect, building planner and owner, design and facility engineer, construction engineer, occupational health and safety professionals, hospital and HCWs, epidemiologist and public health officer. The findings were obtained by combining questionnaire and interview approaches using five ordinal measures of agreement using Likert Scale measurement. Analysis of qualitative data found that the source of MTB transmission was coming from active PTB patients especially those with sputum smear positive (SS+). The studied ambient parameters and factors affecting indoor air environment sustainability were thermal comfort, humidity, air pressure, temperature, duration exposure, area and volume, direction of air flow, lighting, air circulation exchange and MTB density in the air.
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Levin, Noam, Marta Yebra, and Stuart Phinn. "Unveiling the Factors Responsible for Australia’s Black Summer Fires of 2019/2020." Fire 4, no. 3 (September 4, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4030058.
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The summer season of 2019–2020 has been named Australia’s Black Summer because of the large forest fires that burnt for months in southeast Australia, affecting millions of Australia’s citizens and hundreds of millions of animals and capturing global media attention. This extensive fire season has been attributed to the global climate crisis, a long drought season and extreme fire weather conditions. Our aim in this study was to examine the factors that have led some of the wildfires to burn over larger areas for a longer duration and to cause more damage to vegetation. To this end, we studied all large forest and non-forest fires (>100 km2) that burnt in Australia between September 2019 and mid-February 2020 (Australia’s Black Summer fires), focusing on the forest fires in southeast Australia. We used a segmentation algorithm to define individual polygons of large fires based on the burn date from NASA’s Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) active fires product and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burnt area product (MCD64A1). For each of the wildfires, we calculated the following 10 response variables, which served as proxies for the fires’ extent in space and time, spread and intensity: fire area, fire duration (days), the average spread of fire (area/days), fire radiative power (FRP; as detected by NASA’s MODIS Collection 6 active fires product (MCD14ML)), two burn severity products, and changes in vegetation as a result of the fire (as calculated using the vegetation health index (VHI) derived from AVHRR and VIIRS as well as live fuel moisture content (LFMC), photosynthetic vegetation (PV) and combined photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic vegetation (PV+NPV) derived from MODIS). We also computed more than 30 climatic, vegetation and anthropogenic variables based on remotely sensed derived variables, climatic time series and land cover datasets, which served as the explanatory variables. Altogether, 391 large fires were identified for Australia’s Black Summer. These included 205 forest fires with an average area of 584 km2 and 186 non-forest fires with an average area of 445 km2; 63 of the forest fires took place in southeast (SE) Australia (the area between Fraser Island, Queensland, and Kangaroo Island, South Australia), with an average area of 1097 km2. Australia’s Black Summer forest fires burnt for more days compared with non-forest fires. Overall, the stepwise regression models were most successful at explaining the response variables for the forest fires in SE Australia (n = 63; median-adjusted R2 of 64.3%), followed by all forest fires (n = 205; median-adjusted R2 of 55.8%) and all non-forest fires (n = 186; median-adjusted R2 of 48.2%). The two response variables that were best explained by the explanatory variables used as proxies for fires’ extent, spread and intensity across all models for the Black Summer forest and non-forest fires were the change in PV due to fire (median-adjusted R2 of 69.1%) and the change in VHI due to fire (median-adjusted R2 of 66.3%). Amongst the variables we examined, vegetation and fuel-related variables (such as previous frequency of fires and the conditions of the vegetation before the fire) were found to be more prevalent in the multivariate models for explaining the response variables in comparison with climatic and anthropogenic variables. This result suggests that better management of wildland–urban interfaces and natural vegetation using cultural and prescribed burning as well as planning landscapes with less flammable and more fire-tolerant ground cover plants may reduce fire risk to communities living near forests, but this is challenging given the sheer size and diversity of ecosystems in Australia.
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Майер, Роберт, and Robert Mayer. "On the Methodology of the Imitation Modeling of Didactic Systems." Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 7, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ad9a8fb6a6cb6.54662757.
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An important part of the modern didactics is the mathematical theory of teaching. The development of information technologies led to the emergence of the method of simulation, which fundamentally changed the study of mathematical models of didactic systems, accelerated the solution of complex problems, increased the clarity of the results. Simulation modeling of the didactic systems requires the development of an appropriate methodology, which combines different principles and approaches. In the article: 1) the cognitive scheme of the didactic process, taking into account the main factors and links affecting on training, is constructed; 2) the important principles of imitation modeling of system “teacher – pupil” are formulated; 3) the results of modeling, allowing to study the dependence of the strength of the acquired knowledge on various characteristics of the didactic system, are analyzed. To model the didactic system, the information-cybernetic approach, the system approach, the fuzzy logic, the methodology of soft systems, the methods of qualitative, mathematical and computer simulation by imitation of stochastic processes and numerical solution of the differential equations are used. The article considers important methodological ideas which underlies the construction of models of the teaching process: 1) the principle of the model multiplicity or the construction opportunity of several models of system; 2) the principle of the correspondence of the simulation results to the real success of the student; 3) the principle of incompatibility of high accuracy of the predictions with great complexity of the studied system. The adequacy criterion of the model is the degree with which the character of its response to the change in the student's parameters and the input values corresponds to the objective regularities of the educational process. The simulation results of the assimilation and forgetting of the logically related information, which takes into account the decrease of the student's working capacity in the course of time, are considered. With its help, the dependence of the quantity and strength of the acquired knowledge on the number of information blocks, their length and duration of remembering was studied.
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Ahmed, Eman, Hossam Eldin Hosni, and Ahmed El Yamany. "FACTORS AFFECTING CONSTRUCTION PLANNING." Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector 13, no. 46 (January 1, 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/auej.2018.19085.
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Gunhan, Suat, and David Arditi. "Factors Affecting International Construction." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 131, no. 3 (March 2005): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2005)131:3(273).
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Maffei, Carmine, Silvia Alfieri, and Massimo Menenti. "Relating Spatiotemporal Patterns of Forest Fires Burned Area and Duration to Diurnal Land Surface Temperature Anomalies." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111777.
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Forest fires are a major source of ecosystem disturbance. Vegetation reacts to meteorological factors contributing to fire danger by reducing stomatal conductance, thus leading to an increase of canopy temperature. The latter can be detected by remote sensing measurements in the thermal infrared as a deviation of observed land surface temperature (LST) from climatological values, that is as an LST anomaly. A relationship is thus expected between LST anomalies and forest fires burned area and duration. These two characteristics are indeed controlled by a large variety of both static and dynamic factors related to topography, land cover, climate, weather (including those affecting LST) and anthropic activity. To investigate the predicting capability of remote sensing measurements, rather than constructing a comprehensive model, it would be relevant to determine whether anomalies of LST affect the probability distributions of burned area and fire duration. This research approached the outlined knowledge gap through the analysis of a dataset of forest fires in Campania (Italy) covering years 2003–2011 against estimates of LST anomaly. An LST climatology was first computed from time series of daily Aqua-MODIS LST data (product MYD11A1, collection 6) over the longest available sequence of complete annual datasets (2003–2017), through the Harmonic Analysis of Time Series (HANTS) algorithm. HANTS was also used to create individual annual models of LST data, to minimize the effect of varying observation geometry and cloud contamination on LST estimates while retaining its seasonal variation. LST anomalies where thus quantified as the difference between LST annual models and LST climatology. Fire data were intersected with LST anomaly maps to associate each fire with the LST anomaly value observed at its position on the day previous to the event. Further to this step, the closest probability distribution function describing burned area and fire duration were identified against a selection of parametric models through the maximization of the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit. Parameters of the identified distributions conditional to LST anomaly where then determined along their confidence intervals. Results show that in the study area log-transformed burned area is described by a normal distribution, whereas log-transformed fire duration is closer to a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. The parameters of these distributions conditional to LST anomaly show clear trends with increasing LST anomaly; significance of this observation was verified through a likelihood ratio test. This confirmed that LST anomaly is a covariate of both burned area and fire duration. As a consequence, it was observed that conditional probabilities of extreme events appear to increase with increasing positive deviations of LST from its climatology values. This confirms the stated hypothesis that LST anomalies affect forest fires burned area and duration and highlights the informative content of time series of LST with respect to fire danger.
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Buranapanitkit, B., K. Tautakul, A. Lim, A. Geater, and U. Chomchan. "CLINICAL PREDICTORS FOR OUTCOME OF TREATMENT OF LUMBAR HERNIATED NUCLEUS PALPOSUS." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 07, no. 01 (March 2003): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957703000971.
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Herniated nucleus palposus is a common and important cause of low back pain. Despite over 90% of the patients responding to conservative treatment, some patients still need operation. This study aimed to analyze the clinical predictors for the outcome of conservative treatment in herniated nucleus palposus. Two hundred and fifty-one patients who were diagnosed as lumbar herniated nucleus palposus and admitted to Prince of Songkla University during the period of 1995–2000 were included in the study. Patients who had absolute indications for surgery or had previous back surgery were excluded. Data were collected on demographic characteristics (age, sex, occupation, level of study, marital status), patient symptoms (including duration, characteristic and severity of pain) and result of physical examination (including result of straight leg raising test (SLRT), cross SLRT, motor power, sensory deficit and reflex). The mean age of the patients was 38 years and the mean duration of pain was 4.1 months. Eighty percent of the patients had positive SLRT and abnormal neurological function was found in 73%. One hundred and eighty-six patients underwent surgery owing to failure of conservative treatment. From multivariate logistic analysis, five independent factors affecting failure of conservative treatment of herniated nucleus palposus were pain intensity, duration of symptoms, positive cross SLRT, grade of muscle power and number of dermatome deficit. When constructing the parameters into a scoring system, we found that if the patient had a score less than 45, 80% of them respond to conservative treatment, in contrast to those who scored more than 65, the probability of conservative failure was 80%. This study implies that clinical predictors can be used for determining probability of conservative failure in herniated nucleus palposus.
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Willenbrock, Jack H., H. Randolph Thomas, and Paul J. Francis. "Factors Affecting Outage Construction Efficiency." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 113, no. 1 (March 1987): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1987)113:1(99).
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Cohenca, Dora, Alexander Laufer, and William B. Ledbetter. "Factors Affecting Construction Planning Efforts." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 115, no. 1 (March 1989): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1989)115:1(70).
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Laufer, Alexander, and Dora Cohenca. "Factors Affecting Construction‐Planning Outcomes." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 116, no. 1 (March 1990): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1990)116:1(135).
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HongBaegEui, 박현정, 박진, and 박은주. "The Factors Affecting the Marital Duration." Korean Journal of Social Welfare 61, no. 3 (August 2009): 307–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20970/kasw.2009.61.3.013.
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Grose, John H., Joseph W. Hall, and Emily Buss. "Factors affecting gap duration discrimination performance." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, no. 4 (April 2005): 2535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4788420.
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Aswed, Gafel Kareem, Hussein Ali Mohammed, and Mohammed Neamah Ahmed. "Factors Affecting Safety in Construction Projects." International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE) 11, no. 3 (May 31, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irece.v11i3.17142.
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Forcada, Nuria, Marta Gangolells, Miquel Casals, and Marcel Macarulla. "Factors Affecting Rework Costs in Construction." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 143, no. 8 (August 2017): 04017032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001324.
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Hanna, Awad S., Cindy L. Menches, Kenneth T. Sullivan, and Joseph R. Sargent. "Factors Affecting Absenteeism in Electrical Construction." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 131, no. 11 (November 2005): 1212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2005)131:11(1212).
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Ambekar, Ajit. "Factors Affecting Construction Productivity: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 2113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35458.
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The civilian level of productivity in the construction industry is of direct interest to site managers and project management teams. Various researchers have tried to identify factors that affect productivity, but no general agreement has been reached. The purpose of this document is to develop a conceptual framework for site performance. The five main groups of independent variables, namely: project characteristics, labor characteristics, management system, resource management and the external environment, are identified as important for site productivity. This document provides an overview of construction productivity.
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Fatima, Asra, Bellam Sivarama Krishna Prasad, and T. SeshadriSekhar. "Factors Affecting Construction Dispute: Testimonies from Indian Construction Projects." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.26 (November 30, 2018): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.26.27941.
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This paper introduces the discoveries of a poll study led on the variables influencing development debate of Indian development ventures. Factor investigation of the reaction on the 53project question attributeseffecting cost are recognized through writing audit and individual meeting removed are four components. Basic elements got after investigation are Time stages and imperative contracting enactment, Venture financials and customer contractual worker banding together, Quality and hazard the board under equivocalness and Non responsive proprietor and unlikely temporary worker rules.
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Marsh, Jon, and Elizabeth Sargent. "Factors affecting the duration of postnatal visits." Midwifery 7, no. 4 (December 1991): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-6138(05)80196-2.
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Eilts, Bruce E., Autumn P. Davidson, Giselle Hosgood, Dale L. Paccamonti, and David G. Baker. "Factors affecting gestation duration in the bitch." Theriogenology 64, no. 2 (July 2005): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.11.007.
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van Santen, Jan P. H. "Description of contextual factors affecting vowel duration." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 4 (April 1992): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.403130.
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Sinesilassie, Ephrem Girma, Syed Zafar Shahid Tabish, and Kumar Neeraj Jha. "Critical factors affecting schedule performance." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 5 (September 18, 2017): 757–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2016-0062.
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Purpose Time overrun is one of the most significant issues being faced by Ethiopian construction industry today. For effective time performance, the successful execution of construction projects and keeping them within prescribed schedule is very important. The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors responsible for impacting performance of Ethiopian public construction projects. Design/methodology/approach Based on the literature and personal interviews of key construction professionals in Ethiopia, a list of 35 project performance attributes having strong effect on performance of the projects were identified and a questionnaire using these attributes were prepared and administered in Ethiopia. Statistical analysis of responses on the attributes segregated them into distinct sets of success attributes and failure attributes. The attributes were also subjected to factor analysis separately for better understanding and it resulted into six success factors and six failure factors. The relative importance of these factors was established with multiple regression analysis. Findings It is concluded that the success factor “owners’ competence” can significantly contribute to schedule performance of Ethiopian public construction projects. On the other hand, “conflict among project participants,” “poor human resource management,” and “project manager’s ignorance and lack of knowledge” are detrimental to schedule performance of Ethiopian public construction project. Research limitations/implications As with any other opinion-based study, the present study also has some limitations. The majority of respondents have evaluated the projects in their execution stage only and very few have evaluated the performance of projects in planning and operation stages and also the study has been carried out in the Ethiopian context. Hence the study has a limitation in these regard. Originality/value The results presented in this study provide sufficient evidence and useful understanding to researchers and industry practitioners to focus on a few factors than giving attention to all the factors and take proactive measures for the timely delivery of public construction projects.