Academic literature on the topic 'Factors and principles of formation'

The article analyzes the principles of renewal and succession in the formation of involvement of women in reforms, the state youth policy, comprehensive reforms in all spheres of life, the processes of radical change in society.

The article covers the issues of factors influencing the formation of fair wages. The principles on which the system of guarantees of realization of the rights of workers to a fair wage should be based are considered. There are two groups of factors in the formation of wages: a) market; b) non-market or socio-legal. The first group includes: 1) changes in supply and demand in the market of goods and services in the production of which this work is used; 2) the usefulness of the resource of the entrepreneur; 3) the elasticity of demand for labor at price; 4) interchangeability of resources; 5) change in prices for consumer goods and services. The second group includes: 1) measures of state regulation related to the establishment of the minimum wage, minimum salary, subsistence level; 2) the level of wages and conditions of employment can have a significant impact on trade union policy, the strength of the trade union movement; 3) the final results of the enterprise and the personal contribution of the employee; 4) the existence of a system of guarantees for the realization of employees’ rights to fair remuneration. It is pointed out that we cannot study the institution of wages in isolation from the current economic situation in the country, so we need to know what factors affect the determination of the level of wages. There are four principles on which the system of guarantees for the realization of employees’ rights to fair remuneration should be based: 1) equality of remuneration; 2) timeliness of remuneration; 3) completeness of payment of wages; 4) fair pay. It is concluded that the proposed and analyzed factors that affect the formation of wages should be studied and taken into account during the regulatory reform of the institution of wages. In our opinion, the principles on which the system of guarantees for the realization of workers’ rights to fair remuneration should be based must be enshrined in law. It is argued that the institution of wages needs comprehensive reform. And above all, it is necessary to pay attention to the principles on which it should be built, because these are the fundamental foundations.

This article reveals the most common innovative technologies in geography education, the relevance of innovative geographical education, the main objectives of innovative geographical education, the tasks, basic principles (principles) of innovative geographical education and the factors of their effective formation of geographical culture. The teacher is taught to understand innovative geographical education as a method of forming a geocologically cultured (competent) student / student personality. Enlightenment (pedagogical) innovation is mainly covered by the following concepts - innovation, educational innovation, innovation, innovation, innovation process, innovation activity, pedagogical innovation, pedagogical innovation, pedagogical innovation process, pedagogical innovation activity.

In the article the principles of human healthy lifestyle formation in modern society are considered. The emphasis on the choice of factors influencing human health, and the ways of their formation is made. Healthy lifestyle is presented as an important aspect on the way to achieve goals and undertakings of each person. The basic ways of formation of human healthy lifestyle are enumerated. Some state measures aimed at popularization of healthy lifestyle are presented.

The article is devoted to pressing issues of creating a healthy lifestyle for students of a modern university. The purpose of the article is to present the results of a study of students’ opinions on the principles of a healthy lifestyle, on the main problems of its formation in a higher educational institution. The article shows that psychological factors are of particular importance in the process of forming a healthy lifestyle. Particularly emphasized is the role of motivation and the correct worldview of students, allowing them to resist deviant behavior. The study revealed that only about one third of students adhere to a healthy lifestyle among students, although the vast majority of students are motivated to adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle, considering them important. Among the most common reasons that prevent a healthy lifestyle, students indicated poor nutrition, physical inactivity, smoking and drinking, desynchronosis, and sexual problems. The article shows that the formation of a healthy lifestyle for students is a complex problem and is carried out in a complex interaction of the student’s personality, in the whole variety of its individual psychological properties, with environmental conditions that can have both positive and negative effects on the student’s value system. The modern system of higher education needs a comprehensive, adequate to the realities of today, a program for the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students. It is necessary during training at the university to create a need and motivation for maintaining and strengthening health, for maintaining a healthy lifestyle, often using healthsaving technologies during training.

Investment projects of high-rise construction have a number of features that determine specific risks and additional opportunities that require analysis and accounting in the formation of an effective project concept. The most significant features of high-rise construction include long construction time, complexity of technical and technological solutions, complexity of decisions on the organization of construction and operation, high cost of construction and operation, complexity in determining the ratio of areas designed to accommodate different functional areas, when organizing and coordinating the operation of the facility, with internal zoning. Taking into account the specificity of high-rise construction, among the factors determining the effectiveness of projects, it is advisable to consider as key factors: organizational, technological and investment factors. Within the framework of the article, the author singled out key particular functions for each group of factors under consideration, and also developed a system of principles for the formation of an effective concept of multifunctional high-rise construction investment projects, including the principle of logistic efficiency, the principle of optimal functional zoning, the principle of efficiency of equipment use, the principle of optimizing technological processes, the principle maximization of income, the principle of fund management, the principle of risk management . The model of formation of an effective concept of investment projects of multifunctional high-rise construction developed by the author can contribute to the development of methodological tools in the field of managing the implementation of high-rise construction projects, taking into account their specificity in the current economic conditions.

In the article theoretical problems of state borders formation and functioning are deepened. Essence of the concept «state border» is generalized. The basic principles of international law, which influence the establishment of the state border are studied. Consistent stages of the state border establishment: allocation, delimitation and demarcation are analyzed. It is noted that at all stages of the border formation its contractual and legal registration happens. The influence of external and internal factors on the formation of state borders are investigated. The question of the state border and borderline regime is analyzed. The process of institutionalization of the border is studied. Keywords: State border, principles, factors, government institutions, border formation

The publication is devoted to issues of the formation of an economic regulation mechanism of sustainable water resources using in Ukraine, in particular the development of scientifically based recommendations for the involvement of underground aquifers in operation and increase the quantity of their use in various sectors of economy. It is noted that a system approach to the consideration and solution of this issue provides the need to develop appropriate methodical and methodological bases and create an information and analytical base. Assessment and forecast of prospects for the development of water consumption from underground sources and the involvement of appropriate administrative, legal and financial levers to perform such tasks are impossible without taking into account a range of geographical, socio-economic and environmental factors. It is proposed general methodological approaches to the creation of an appropriate forecasting system considering hydrological and hydrogeological conditions of different regions, the characteristics of water intakes, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of water supply sources, the state of their protection from the influence of anthropogenic factors, and a number of other indicators. It is accentuated that only a methodically balanced analysis of all these factors will reveal the natural, social and economic patterns of the region and determine the economic basis and appropriate ways of the water management industry development. In the publication schematically presented the tasks and ways to solve these tasks, and the information basis and algorithm for involvement and using data to analyze the possibilities of realizing the natural potential of groundwater within different territorial units. The creation of an accomplished system for determination of the prospects for the use of groundwater resources as a tool for regulation of using, quality and ensuring their protection, will allow performing a forecast economic assessment of the potential role of groundwater in improving water use systems in each specific region.

Introduction. At the domestic enterprises, in particular in the agrarian sector, in the conditions of development of modern economy questions of formation of accounting policy sharply arise. Accounting policy affects the final performance of the organization and the industry as a whole, allows you to generate reliable accounting information. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the factors influencing the formation of accounting policies of agricultural enterprises and the development of their own proposals for the construction of accounting policies in accordance with international accounting principles. Results. The article considers the essence, content of the accounting policy of the enterprise. The main factors influencing the formation of accounting policies of agricultural enterprises are identified, as well as a structured list and grouping is proposed. It is substantiated that the selected internal and external factors are the only holistic system that ensures effective decision-making on the formation of accounting policies of the enterprise. It is established that the formation of accounting policies of agricultural enterprises in accordance with international accounting principles requires certain prerequisites, including the identification of factors influencing the choice and justification of accounting policies in accordance with international financial reporting standards. We have developed our own proposals for building a rational and effective system of formation of the accounting process in the transition to international accounting principles. Conclusions. Therefore, in the process of forming the accounting policy of agricultural enterprises it is necessary to take into account a group of internal and external factors that in one way or another affect its formation in the enterprise management system. In the absence of a single algorithm for the process of developing a comprehensive accounting policy for accounting, financial and management accounting and for tax purposes, taking into account IFRS, it is necessary to develop methodological approaches to the formation of a comprehensive accounting policy that allows to systematize and logically structure this process. and tax minimization and a number of other costs. Keywords: accounting policy; agricultural enterprise; accounting; internal factors; external factors.

Конакова, К. М. Формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки : дис. ... д-ра філософії : 051 / К. М. Конакова. - Київ, 2021. - 247 с.
Дисертація присвячена розв’язанню важливого наукового завдання щодо вдосконалення регуляторних засад формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки як інституційної передумови зростання обсягів залучених інвестицій в економіку України. У роботі уточнено зміст таких понять, як «інвестиції», «інвестиційна діяльність» та «інвестиційна привабливість». Конкретизовано значення інвестиційної привабливості об’єктів інвестування у процесі модернізації національної економіки. Розкрито теоретичні основи формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки та обґрунтовано практичні можливості її забезпечення. У процесі вивчення теоретичних основ формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки виявлено множинність підходів до визначення змісту цього поняття, критичний аналіз яких дозволив поглибити його розуміння як інтегральної характеристики в частині рівня розвитку інвестиційного клімату; інвестиційної інфраструктури, що впливає на формування дохідності інвестицій, інвестиційних ризиків; суб’єктивної оцінки інвестором країни, регіону, підприємства при прийнятті рішення про інвестування своїх коштів. Інвестиційну привабливість пропонуємо визначити як поняття оцінного характеру, що відображає доцільність, можливість та перспективи вкладення коштів інвестором на принципах максимальної вигоди з урахуванням факторів, що впливають на дохідність інвестицій. Визначено, що вплив держави на формування інвестиційної привабливості охоплює широке коло відносин, які виникають між національними, закордонними інвесторами, державою, підприємствами, населенням України та який необхідно розглядати як сукупність знань та наукових поглядів щодо цілеспрямованого впливу органів державної влади на інвестування; процес стимулювання інвестиційної привабливості формування конкурентних переваг національної економіки; динамічне цілісне середовище (систему), що забезпечується органами державної законодавчої, виконавчої та судової влади, які відповідно до законодавства наділені повноваженнями стимулювання інвестиційної привабливості в розрізі норм, методів та правил організації відносин між державою та суб’єктами інвестування з метою забезпечення соціально-економічного розвитку національної економіки. Доведено, що елементом стимулювання процесу формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки повинні стати принципи цілісності, комплексності, системності, об’єктивності, реальності, ієрархічності цілей, відкритості й доступності інформації у сфері інвестування, гласності, самостійності, відсутності стороннього примусу, мінімізації трансакційних витрат, забезпечення рівних умов доступу вітчизняних та закордонних інвесторів до інвестиційних ресурсів, інформації, інвестиційних програм, конкурсів проєктів тощо. Дотримання зазначених принципів стане передумовою підвищення рівня інвестиційної привабливості, що в кінцевому підсумку приведе до залучення значних обсягів інвестицій (як внутрішніх, так і зовнішніх) в економіку країни, достатніх для проведення її модернізації на засадах сталості та інноваційності. На основі осмислення наявних методичних підходів до оцінювання інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки виокремлено чотири етапи оцінювання інвестиційної привабливості: перший підготовчий етап – формування цілей, аналітичних завдань, методичної бази, інформаційного масиву; другий етап – виокремлення методичних проблем оцінювання інвестиційної привабливості; розроблення методики оцінювання; формування комплексу оцінювальних індикаторів у розрізі макроекономічних, ресурсних, інноваційних, соціальних факторів; здійснення оцінювання факторів позитивного та негативного впливу на інвестиційну привабливість; інтерпретування отриманих показників; третій етап – дослідження факторів інвестиційної привабливості; четвертий етап – використання результатів оцінювання для обґрунтування пропозицій, конкретизація стратегічних пріоритетів підвищення інвестиційної привабливості на основі виокремлення інструментів та важелів макроекономічного впливу. Обґрунтовано, що інвестиційна привабливість національної економіки знижується в разі збільшення ризиків (можливості втрат від політичної нестабільності, наявності в країні воєнних дій, високих темпів інфляції, перманентної зміни грошово-валютних та фінансово-кредитних відносин, збільшення соціального розшарування в суспільстві тощо). За результатами економетричного моделювання впливу на інвестиційну привабливість макроекономічного, ресурсного, інноваційного, соціального факторів зроблено висновок, що обсяг іноземних інвестицій найбільш еластичний до змін таких індикаторів: валовий регіональний продукт; обсяг реалізованої продукції; обсяг роздрібного товарообороту (за економічним фактором); вартість земельних ресурсів; вартість інвестиційної нерухомості (за ресурсним фактором); кількість підприємств, що займаються інноваціями (за інноваційним фактором); чисельність економічно активного населення; доходи населення (за соціальним фактором). У результаті порівняння інвестиційної привабливості України в розрізі індексу інвестиційної привабливості Європейської Бізнес Асоціації (Index of European Business Association), індексу умов ведення бізнесу (Doing Business topics), індексу економічної свободи (Index of Economic Freedom) та глобального індексу конкурентоспроможності економічного форуму (Global Competitiveness Index of World Economic Forum) конкретизується, що покращуються лише умови ведення бізнесу та економічні свободи за період, що досліджується, зростання індексу інвестиційної привабливості за ЄБА та рейтингу глобальної конкурентоспроможності не відбувається. Запропоновано для оцінки рівня інвестиційної привабливості на основі розрахованого значення інтегрального індексу використовувати шкалу оцінювання такого виду: [0-0,13 балів] – низький рівень інвестиційної привабливості; [0,1301-0,50 балів] – середній рівень; [0,51-1,00 балів] – високий, що дало можливість на основі узагальнення оцінки інвестиційної привабливості України за власною методикою та за оцінками міжнародних асоціацій обґрунтувати, що за період 2009-2019 років інвестиційна привабливість України є низькою. У процесі систематизації впливу на інвестиційну привабливість численних факторів конкретизовано, що найбільш суттєвий вплив справляють інструменти бюджетної, грошово-кредитної, податкової, фінансової, соціальної політики та державно-приватне партнерство. Доведено, що з метою підвищення інвестиційної привабливості для впливу на макроекономічні, ресурсні та інноваційні, соціальні фактори доцільно використовувати адміністративно-економічні інструменти регулювання, модернізувати бюджетну, грошово-кредитну, фінансово-податкову політику. Інструменти податкової політики, зокрема податкові ставки, стимули, впливають на макроекономічні, ресурсні, інноваційні та соціальні фактори формування інвестиційно-привабливого клімату. Інтенсивний вплив інструментів соціальної політики простежується на соціальні фактори, макроекономічні процеси, стимулюючи платоспроможний попит населення і, тим самим, збільшуючи місткість внутрішнього ринку. Такі інструменти адміністративно-економічного регулювання, як санкції, обмеження, реєстрація, ліцензування, накази, розпорядження, укази, а також грошово-кредитне регулювання особливо інтенсивно використовується для стимулювання інвестиційної привабливості. Інтегральною метою стимулювання процесу формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки є диверсифікація джерел надходження інвестицій у національну економіку, розміщення серед вітчизняних реципієнтів капіталу тих ресурсів, які пройшли процес детінізації, що значно підвищить конкурентоспроможність економіки України та частково нівелює рівень соціальної диференціації населення країни. Для реалізації цілей державної інвестиційної політики, необхідно стимулювати кількісний і якісний приток інвестиційних ресурсів, посилити інноваційний вектор їх розміщення, особливо для оновлення основного капіталу підприємств. Нарощування інвестицій у національну економіку, диверсифікація джерел їх надходження, розширення попиту на інвестиційні ресурси є суттєвим чинником досягнення цілей та завдань державної інвестиційної політики (підвищення темпів зростання економіки, забезпечення інвестиційними ресурсами пріоритетних видів економічної діяльності; відновлення та нарощування обсягів виробництва, основного капіталу діючого бізнесу, зміцнення позицій українських виробників на глобальних ринках; сприяння структурних зрушень в економіці; виведення з тіні капіталів; формування сприятливого бізнес-середовища тощо). Визначено, що формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки має здійснюватися паралельно з: політикою уряду щодо підтримки вітчизняного товаровиробника, заміщенням імпортних товарів українськими аналогами; підвищенням ефективності урядових дій у сфері стимулювання конкуренції; захистом усіх форм власності, нарощуванням експортного потенціалу національної економіки; розвитком підприємств, які виробляють продукцію з високим вмістом доданої вартості; стимулюванням змін у структурі економіки через підтримку бізнес-структур, що виробляють продукцію з високими технологічними характеристиками на рівні найкращих світових аналогів; створенням умов для детінізації та декриміналізації економічних процесів на всіх рівнях. Доведено, що державний вплив на формування інвестиційної привабливості передбачає використання прямих та непрямих (економічних, заохочувальних, стимулюючих) методів стимулювання. Прямий державний вплив на інвестиційну привабливість реалізується на основі використання важелів адміністративного, нормативно-правового та економічного характеру, передбачає створення правових умов, найбільш сприятливих для інвестування, захист конкурентного середовища, гарантування прав власності, реалізацію державних цільових програм тощо. Інструментами прямого державного впливу є розробка та прийняття нормативно-правових актів у сфері інвестування, ліцензування, здійснення пруденційного нагляду за процесом інвестування. В основу непрямих методів державного впливу на формування інвестиційної привабливості покладені інструменти грошово-кредитної, фіскальної, бюджетної, інвестиційної, інноваційної та амортизаційної політики, організаційні, податкові, фінансові інструменти, результатами дії яких є вплив держави на інвестиційну привабливість з метою забезпечення макроекономічних пропорцій розширеного відтворення. Використання організаційних, податкових, фінансових інструментів сприяє спрямуванню інвестицій у пріоритетні та стратегічні сфери й об’єкти економіки України. Запропоновано для підвищення інвестиційної привабливості на рівні підприємства скоординувати діяльність із посилення: захисту майнових прав, зниження штучних обмежень щодо господарської діяльності; інтеграції вітчизняних підприємств у виробничі, переробні, торговельні міжнародні цикли з використанням національних конкурентних переваг (рівень виробничих витрат, наявність кваліфікованих кадрів); інформованості про діяльність підприємств серед широкого кола потенційних інвесторів (розповсюдження рекламних матеріалів, участь в інвестиційних конференціях, галузевих виставках, тематичних семінарах, використання власного сайту, включення інформації про підприємство в національні довідники, каталоги); підготовки на якісному рівні інвестиційних документів (інвестиційних меморандумів і бізнес-планів, що відбивають повну інформацію про стратегію і динаміку бізнесу, стан галузі тощо) та кваліфікованих фахівців зі зв’язків з інвесторами (або використання послуг фахівців спеціалізованих консалтингових компаній із питань пошуку закордонних інвесторів на договірній оплатній основі). Доведено, що підвищення інвестиційної привабливості на рівні національної економіки насамперед необхідно стабілізувати макроекономічну та політичну ситуацію в країні, сприяти ослабленню податкового тягаря та підвищенню конкурентоспроможності національної економіки, що сприятиме забезпеченню інтеграції вітчизняних виробників у глобальні економічні процеси, а також переливу капіталу, сучасних ноу-хау, необхідних для модернізації національної економіки. Обґрунтовано, що для формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки необхідно посилити позиції фінансово-банківського сектору. Стабільність фінансово-банківського сектору сприятиме відновленню довіри до нього вкладників, що інтенсифікує проведення банківських операцій, що, зрештою, створить передумови для перетворення заощаджень в інвестиції. Одним із напрямів підвищення інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки є вдосконалення адміністративного середовища, що може стати вирішальною умовою вибору країни потенційним інвестором. Для вдосконалення адміністративного середовища пропонуються такі заходи: моніторинг кількісних та якісних показників залучення інвесторів; підвищення якості інформаційного забезпечення інвесторів та кадрового супроводу програми підвищення інвестиційної привабливості; формування сприятливого адміністративного середовища. Визначено, що покращення адміністративного середовища для інвесторів сприятиме підвищенню активності суб’єктів інвестиційної діяльності, залученню додаткових інвестиційних ресурсів. Для цього пропонується відкриття фронт-офісів із роботи з інвесторами на регіональному рівні, основним завданням яких є: формування переліку об’єктів власності для залучення інвестицій; активізації механізму державно-приватного партнерства при реалізації проєктів; оновлення бази даних інвестиційних проєктів, проведення роботи зі створення проєктних команд із підтримки та реалізації конкретних інвестиційних проєктів; поширення інформації з популяризації вже реалізованих проєктів; організації інвестиційних форумів, конференцій і семінарів; забезпечення дистанційних форм взаємодії інвесторів із різноманітними фондами, банками, інвестиційними агентствами, спеціалізованими фінансовими організаціями з питань інвестування тощо. Ефективність роботи фронт-офісів може бути оцінена за кількістю, якістю реалізованих проєктів, обсягом залучених інвестицій, чисельністю створених робочих місць та підвищенням інвестиційної привабливості загалом. Визначені стратегічні орієнтири формування інвестиційної привабливості на основі виокремлення інструментів та важелів макроекономічного впливу. Обґрунтовано необхідність стратегічної спрямованості державного впливу на формування інвестиційної привабливості України з метою узгодженості й синхронізації дій усіх рівнів влади при стимулюванні процесу формування інвестиційної привабливості на основі заходів стратегічного і тактичного характеру.
The dissertation is devoted to solving an important scientific and practical task of the investment attractiveness formation as a prerequisite for increasing investment flows in Ukraine. To solve this problem, the content of such concepts as «investment», «investment activity» and «investment attractiveness» is specified. The importance of investment attractiveness in the process of the national economy modernization is clarified. Theoretical and methodological bases of the systematic research of the investment attractiveness essence and stages of its increase are determined. Within the study of theoretical foundations of investment attractiveness of the national economy, a plurality of approaches to determining the essence of this concept is revealed, critical analysis of which allowed to deepen its understanding as an integral characteristic of the investment climate; the development level of the investment infrastructure, which affects the formation of return on investment, investment risks; subjective assessment by of the country, region, enterprise by the investor when making a decision to invest its funds. We propose to define investment attractiveness as a concept of evaluative nature, which reflects the feasibility, opportunity and prospects of investing by the investor on the principles of maximum benefit, taking into consideration the factors influencing the return on investment. It is determined that the state influence on the investment attractiveness formation covers a wide range of relations that arise between national and foreign investors, the state, enterprises, the population of Ukraine and which should be considered as follows: a set of knowledge and scientific views on the purposeful influence of public authorities on investment; the process of stimulating investment attractiveness for the competitive advantages formation of the national economy; dynamic integrated environment (system) provided by the state legislative, executive and judicial authorities, which, in accordance with the law, are empowered to stimulate investment attractiveness in terms of norms, methods and rules of the relations organization between the state and investment entities in order to ensure social and economic development of the national economy. It is proved that principles of integrity, complexity, regularity, objectivity, reality, hierarchy of goals, openness and accessibility of information in the field of investment, publicity, independence, absence of outside coercion, minimization of transaction costs, ensuring equal conditions of the access of national and foreign investors to investment resources, information, investment programs, project competitions, etc. should be the element of stimulating the process of forming investment attractiveness of the national economy. Adherence to these principles will be a prerequisite for increasing the investment attractiveness level, which will ultimately lead to the attraction of significant amounts of investment (both internal and external) in the country's economy, sufficient for its modernization based on sustainability and innovation. Based on the understanding of the existing methodological approaches to the assessment of investment attractiveness of Ukraine, four stages of the investment attractiveness assessment are substantiated and identified, namely: preparatory - formation of goals, analytical tasks, methodological base, information array; the second - identification of methodological problems of the investment attractiveness assessment; development of evaluation methods; formation of a set of evaluation indicators in terms of macroeconomic, resource, innovation, social factors; the assessment of factors of the positive and negative impact on investment attractiveness; the interpretation of the obtained indicators; the third - the study of investment attractiveness factors; the fourth - the use of evaluation results to develop proposals, the specification of strategic priorities to increase investment attractiveness based on the separation of instruments and levers of the macroeconomic influence. It is substantiated that investment attractiveness of the country decreases with the emergence or intensification of one or a group of risks (the possibility of losses) because of the instability of monetary and financial relations, rapid growth of inflationary relations, etc .; the increase of social tensions, the intensification of criminal proceedings in society; political instability, hostilities, corruption, etc. According to the results of econometric modeling of the impact of macroeconomic, resource, innovation, social factors on investment attractiveness, it is concluded that the volume of foreign investment is most elastic to changes in the following indicators: gross regional product; the volume of sold products; the volume of retail trade (by economic factor); the cost of land; the value of investment real estate (by resource factor); the number of enterprises engaged in innovations (by innovation factor); the number of economically active population; income of the population (by social factor). As a result of comparing investment attractiveness of Ukraine in terms of the Investment Attractiveness Index of the European Business Association, The Index of Doing Business, The Index of Economic Freedom and the Global Competitiveness Index of the Economic Forum, it is specified that exclusively business conditions and economic freedoms are improved over the period under review; there is no increase in the Investment Attractiveness Index according to the EBA and the Global Competitiveness Rating. It is proposed to use the evaluation scale of the following type to assess the investment attractiveness level based on the calculated value of the integrated index:[0-0,13 points] – the low level of investment attractiveness; [0,1301-0,50 points] – the average level; [0,51-1,00] – the high level, which made it possible based on the generalization of the assessment of investment attractiveness of Ukraine according to its own methodology and according to the assessments of international associations, to justify that in 2009-2019, investment attractiveness of Ukraine was low. When systematizing the impact of numerous factors on investment attractiveness, it is specified that the most significant impact is exerted by instruments of budgetary, мonetary, tax, financial, social policy and public-private partnership. It is proved that in order to increase investment attractiveness to influence macroeconomic, resource and innovation, social factors, it is advisable to use tools of various forms of regulation (administrative and economic regulation, budgetary, monetary, tax, financial policy and levers of public-private partnership). Tax policy instruments, in particular tax rates, incentives, influence macroeconomic, resource, innovation and social factors in the formation of the investment-attractive climate. As for the instruments of social policy, they mainly act on macroeconomic and social factors, stimulating effective demand of the population and, thus, increasing the capacity of the domestic market. Administrative and economic regulation with its inherent regulatory tools (registration; licensing; quotas; sanctions, restrictions; orders, instructions, decrees; approval and permitting procedures) and monetary regulation are relevant for all types of investments, regardless of the classification criteria. Attracting investments into the country's economy, diversifying their sources of income, de-shadowing capital movements and placing them on the territory of Ukraine in order to increase economic growth, the country's competitiveness and welfare is an integral goal of stimulating investment attractiveness of the national economy. To achieve goals of the public investment policy, it is necessary to ensure the inflow of investment resources, to strengthen the innovative vector of their placement, especially for the creation of new and renewal of fixed assets of enterprises. The implementation of goals and objectives of the state investment policy in terms of increasing the volume of attracted investments and increasing demand for investment resources will contribute to the increase of economic growth, providing financial resources for the development of priority sectors of the economy; the production modernization in terms of the restoration and increase of production volumes, fixed capital of operating enterprises, the improvement of national producers’ positions in world markets; creating conditions for structural restructuring of the economy, de-shadowing of economic processes; creating a competitive environment for doing business and protecting all forms of ownership. It is determined that the formation of investment attractiveness of the national economy should be carried out in parallel with active state policy to stimulate demand for domestic goods, import substitution; the efficiency increase of public authorities in the field of stimulating the competition; the protection of all forms of ownership, limiting the influence of monopolies; the development of industries that produce products with high value added; the stimulation of structural changes in the economy by supporting enterprises, industries that produce high-tech products; creating conditions for the exit of capital from the shadow sector of the economy and preventing their outflow abroad, increasing the export potential of the national economy. It is proved that the state influence on the investment attractiveness formation involves the use of direct and indirect (economic, incentive, incentive) methods of incentives. Direct state influence on investment attractiveness is implemented based on the levers use of administrative, normative-legal and economic character, provides for the creation of legal conditions most favorable for investment, the protection of the competitive environment, the guarantee of property rights, the implementation of state target programs, etc. The development and adoption of regulations in the field of investment, licensing, prudential supervision of the investment process are tools of direct state influence. Indirect methods of state influence on the investment attractiveness formation are based on the instruments of monetary, fiscal, budgetary, investment, innovation and depreciation policy, organizational, tax, financial instruments, the results of which are the state’s influence on investment attractiveness in order to ensure macroeconomic proportions of expanded reproduction. The use of organizational, tax, financial instruments provides for direct investments in priority and strategic areas and objects of the Ukrainian economy. In order to increase investment attractiveness at the enterprise level, it is proposed to coordinate activities to strengthen the protection of property rights, the reduction of artificial restrictions on economic activity; the integration of domestic enterprises into production, processing, trade international cycles with the use of national competitive advantages (the level of production costs, the availability of qualified personnel); the awareness of the activities of enterprises among a wide range of potential investors (the distribution of advertising materials, the participation in investment conferences, industry exhibitions, thematic seminars, the use of own site, the inclusion of information about the company in national directories, catalogs); the preparation of investment documents at a high level (investment memoranda and business plans reflecting complete information on the business strategy and dynamics, the state of the industry, etc.) and qualified specialists in investor relations (or the use of services of specialists of specialized consulting companies on the search for foreign investors on a contractual basis). It is proved that in order to increase investment attractiveness at the national economy level, it is first of all necessary to stabilize the macroeconomic and political situation in the country, to help reduce the tax burden and increase the national economy competitiveness, which will help ensure the integration o domestic producers into global economic processes, as well as the outflow of capital, modern know-how required for the national economy modernization. It is substantiated that in order to form investment attractiveness of the national economy, it is necessary to strengthen the position of the financial and banking sector. The stability of the financial and banking sector will help restore depositors' confidence in it, which will intensify banking operations, which will ultimately create preconditions for the transformation of savings and investment. One of the ways to increase investment attractiveness of the national economy is to improve the administrative environment, which can be a crucial condition for the investor to choose when investing in Ukraine. To improve the administrative environment, the following measures are proposed, namely: the monitoring of quantitative and qualitative indicators of investors; attracting; the improvement of the information support quality for investors and staffing of the program to increase investment attractiveness; the formation of a favorable administrative environment. It is determined that the improvement of the administrative environment for investors will contribute to the increase of the investment entities’ activity, attract additional investment resources. To do this, it is necessary to open front offices to work with investors at the regional level in order to: to form a list of properties to attract investment; the intensification of the of public-private partnership mechanism by the projects implementation; the database update of investment projects, working on the creation of project teams to support and implement specific investment projects; the dissemination of information on the popularization of already implemented projects; the organization of investment forums, conferences and seminars; the provision of remote forms of the investors’ interaction with various funds, banks, investment agencies, specialized financial organizations on investment issues, etc. The efficiency of front offices can be assessed by the number, quality of implemented projects, the amount of investment, and the number of jobs created and the increase of investment attractiveness in general. Strategic guidelines for the investment attractiveness formation based on the separation of tools and levers of macroeconomic influence are identified. Thenecessity of strategic orientation of the state influence on the investmentattractiveness formation of Ukraine for the purpose of coordination and synchronization of actions of all levels of the power at stimulation of process of theinvestment attractiveness formation based on the measures of strategic and tactical character is substantiated.

The accumulation of helium atoms in metals or metal tritides is known to result in the formation of helium bubbles in the lattice and to cause degradation of the material. Helium is introduced either through neutron transmutation reaction or via the radioactive decay of tritium. We have performed first-principles calculations of interstitial helium inside Pd and Pd tritide using density functional theory (DFT) and the projector augmented-wave (PAW) method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We model the growth process of an interstitial helium cluster and find that when the size of the cluster reaches to five atoms, the cluster can induce an energetically favorable vacancy with a self-trapping mechanism. The cluster growth mechanism of interstitial helium is addressed by investigating the associated energetics, cluster configurations, and electronic structural properties. In addition, we study the diffusion properties of helium in palladium-based compounds by performing the nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations. Our computational models propose that by loading the lattice with hydrogen atoms at certain concentration, or substituting with alloying metals can modify the diffusivity by increasing its migration barrier, which may impede the cluster formation in the beginning stage.

Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) can be used to target DNA in a sequence-specific fashion, and have a number of potential therapeutic and biotechnological applications. TFOs bind within the DNA major groove where they form sequence-specific contacts with exposed groups on the target duplex. Pyrimidine-rich TFOs bind parallel to the target purine strand forming C+.GC and T.AT triplets and usually require conditions of low pH, which are needed for protonation of the third strand cytosines. In contrast, purine-rich TFOs bind antiparallel to the target and form triplexes containing G.GC and A.AT triplets. DNase I footprinting studies with parallel triplexes often reveal enhanced cleavage at the triplex-duplex junction at the 3’-end of the duplex purine strand. This study systematically investigated how this enhanced cleavage is affected by the nature of the base pairs that flank the TFO-binding site. For this we have used the well-characterised TFO-binding site in the tyrT(43-59) fragment and have changed the base at the 3’-end of the homopurine strand from cytosine to each of the other three bases in turn. In each case the footprints were accompanied by enhanced DNase I cleavage at the 3’-triplex-duplex junction on the purine strand, which is thought to be due to local structural changes that render the DNA to be more susceptible to cleavage by the enzyme. The enhancements were generally greater for flanking pyrimidines than purines. Similar experiments investigated the effect of changing the terminal triplet from T.AT to C+.GC, again flanked by each base in turn. Although there were no significant differences in the concentration dependence of the footprints, fluorescence melting experiments showed that triplexes flanked by G and A are more stable than those flanked by C and T. We also used diethylpyrocabonate (DEPC) to probe the reactivity of adenines at the triplex-duplex junction and find that some, but not all, sequence combinations generate enhanced reactivity, suggesting that triplex formation has altered the stacking pattern of adenines on the 3’-side of the TFO binding site. For antiparallel triplex formation, DNase I enhancements were also observed at a number of bands beyond the 5’-end of each TFO’s binding site. This is also attributed to the TFO-induced DNA structural changes that increase the accessibility of the enzyme to the target site. The results of concentration dependence of the footprints are similar to the parallel ones though fragment AC with 17-mer-G TFO had a much lower C50.

Досліджено і проаналізовано закордонний та вітчизняний досвід проектування автовокзальних комплексів у містах-супутниках, виявлені особливості їх формування. Удосконалено класифікацію існуючих автовокзальних комплексів. Розвинуто класифікацію автовокзальких комплексів, за використанням простору, яка впливає на принципи формування. Комплексний аналіз факторів, особливостей та вимог дозволив визначити і обгрунтувати основні принципи формування та фактори які характеризують закономірність формування принципів архітектурно-планувальних рішень автовокзальких комплексів. На основі проведеного дослідження визначені, обґрунтовані та відокремленні від внутрішніх і зовнішніх факторів , загальні фактори.
The foreign and domestic experience of designing bus and coach complexes in satellite cities was investigated and analyzed, features of their formation were revealed. The classification of existing bus terminals has been improved. The classification of bus and coach complexes is developed, using space that affects the principles of formation. Complex analysis of factors, features and requirements allowed to determine and justify the basic principles of formation and factors that characterize the pattern of formation of principles of architectural and planning decisions of bus and coach complexes. On the basis of the conducted research, the general factors are determined, substantiated and separated from internal and external factors

Коли ми говоримо про промисловість 4.0, ми маємо на увазі четверту промислову революцію. Подібно до кваліфікованих робітників першої промислової революції, сьогоднішні працівники фабрики та бек-офісу бачать завдання, колись керовані людьми, передані роботам та роботам зі штучним інтелектом. Вони чують про фабрику майбутнього. І вони задаються питанням, яку роль вони будуть грати в новій операційній моделі. В результаті цього дослідження очікується, що перетворення галузі Industrial 4.0 на галузь глибоко вплине на процеси управління людськими ресурсами завдяки її бізнес-середовищу. На кожному етапі передбачається, що інтегровані технологією бізнес-процеси спричинять втрату роботи деяких некваліфікованих службовців, тоді як висококваліфікованим працівникам буде потрібно більше, але знайти цих працівників і утримати їх на роботі буде складно.
When we talk about industry 4.0, we mean the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Like the skilled workers of the first industrial revolution, today’s factory and back office workers are seeing tasks once managed by humans handed over to robots and Artificial Intelligence bots. They are hearing about the factory of the future. And they are wondering what role they will play in the new operating model. As a result of this research, the expectation is that the Industrial 4.0 transformation of the industry will deeply affect human resources management processes due to its business environment. At each stage, it is foreseen that technology-integrated business processes will cause some of the unskilled employees to lose their jobs, while the higher qualified employees will be needed more, but it will be difficult to find these employees and keep them at work.

Treat the entire Asia and Europe as a geo-economic space is impossible and counterproductive. In our opinion, Eurasian geo-economic space can be considered as a geographical area, which is the junction between Europe and Asia. Geographically, it is - the Urals, the Volga region, the Caspian Sea region of Russia, post-Soviet Central Asia, the Caucasus and the territory where Turkey and Xinjiang is located. The economic interests of the Eurasian countries for "unity" can be the same, but there are non-economic conditions (state and political system, the mode of government - authoritarian, democratic, way of life of the state - secular, religious, moral and cultural values, ideological differences, and historical features of interethnic relations) that as factors may influence positively or negatively. Principles of formation of the Eurasian Economic Cooperation shall include economic feasibility and mutual benefit, political loyalty, ideological, philosophical and ethnic tolerance, peer contacts, peace-loving nature and solving conflict with a positive decision.

Abstract: The prevalence of risk factors for the development of diseases of the circulatory system in 1452 employees of the organization of the oil and gas holding was studied. A high (up to 97%) prevalence of the main risk factors, as well as diseases of the circulatory system, mainly arterial hypertension, was established. The necessity of developing comprehensive prevention programs, which include measures to improve the health of employees and the formation of a healthy lifestyle in them, is shown

The research discusses a conceptual approach and explanatory factors for political change, as political change, especially in the Arab case, is a concept that is still shrouded in a lot of ambiguity, through a descriptive and analytical methodology for this concept, due to its overlap with many concepts at the level of understanding and practice. In terms of the transformations that the political structures in society may undergo, or the nature of political processes and interactions between political forces, with a desire for partial change (reform), or comprehensive change of the whole system, So that the power and influence are redistributed within the state, and the transition from an authoritarian situation to a democratic one, where the concept of political change is determined based on the characteristic of this change, and this concept has also been linked to synonymous concepts such as political modernization and reform. Moreover, political change requires a set of foundations, rules and factors that the forces of change seek, in addition to employing change approaches that often come as a natural product of the thinking and principles of the forces seeking change, strategies for change, and the nature of the conditions of the stage in managing this process, that the intellectual awareness that forms the basis of the process Change at the level of the existing reality, and the alternative reality towards changing political structures in a way that will affect the centers of power in society, which requires harmony with the heritage background and cultural structure of the society, which necessitates the formation of a unified identity for the majority of citizens, meaning reaching a common vision that includes the largest possible number of supporters within the society.

Abstract Western Siberia is a unique petroleum basin with exclusive geological objects. Those objects allow us to test various methods of sequence stratigraphy, systematization and evaluation approaches for reservoir characterization of deep-water sediments. Different methods have potential to decrease geological uncertainty and predict distribution and architecture of deep-water sandstone reservoir. There are many different parameters that could be achieved through analysis of clinoform complex. Trajectories of shelf break, volume of sediment supply and topography of basin influence on architecture of deep-water reservoir. Based on general principles of sequence stratigraphy, three main trajectories changes shelf break might be identified: transgression, normal regression and forced regression. And each of them has its own distinctive characteristics of deepwater reservoir. However, to properly assess the architecture of deepwater reservoir and potential of it, numerical characteristics are necessary. In our paper, previously described parameters were analyzed for identification perspective areas of Achimov formation in Western Siberia and estimation of geological uncertainty for unexplored areas. In 1996 Helland-Hansen W., Martinsen O.J. [5] described different types of shoreline trajectory. In 2002 Steel R.J., Olsen T. [11] adopted types of shoreline trajectory for identification of truncation termination. O. Catuneanu (2009) [1] summarize all information with implementation basis of sequence stratigraphy. Over the past decade, many geoscientists have used previously published researches to determine relationship between geometric structures of clinoforms and architecture of deep-water sediments and its reservoir quality. Significant amount of publications has allowed to form theoretical framework for the undersanding sedimentation process and geometrical configuration of clinoforms. However, there is still no relationship between sequence stratigraphy framework of clinoroms and reservoir quality and its uncertainty, which is necessary for new area evaluation.

In May 2011, a derailment of a passenger train occurred in a tunnel in the northeast region of the United States. Fortunately, no serious injuries or fatalities resulted from this derailment. The probable cause of the derailment was determined to be a broken rail from a defect originating in the base of the rail. This internal rail base defect is characterized as having a crescent, thumbnail, or semi-elliptical shape. In addition, the formation and growth of this defect may have been exacerbated by corrosion. This paper describes engineering calculations to estimate the growth rate of this type of rail base defect. These engineering calculations are based on applying the principles of fracture mechanics and beam theory. Fracture mechanics principles are applied to determine stress intensity factors for the semi-elliptical shaped defect with different aspect ratios. Stress intensity factors are then used to estimate the growth of the defect under the accumulation of tonnage from repeated wheel passages. For this purpose, the rail is assumed to behave as a beam in bending.

A one dimensional model based on fundamental principles of gas turbine thermodynamics and combustion processes was constructed to quantify the principle of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) for NOx reduction. The model utilizes the commercial process simulation software ASPEN PLUS®. Employing a set of 8 reactions including the Zeldovich mechanism, the model predicted thermal NOx formation as function of amount of recirculation and the degree of recirculate cooling. Results show that addition of sufficient quantities of uncooled recirculate to the inlet air (i.e. EGR>∼4%) could significantly decrease NOx emissions but at a cost of lower thermal efficiency and specific work. Cooling the recirculate also reduced NOx at lower quantities of recirculation. This has also the benefit of decreasing losses in the thermal efficiency and in the specific work output. Comparison of a ‘rubber’ and ‘non-rubber’ gas turbine confirmed that residence time is one important factor in NOx formation.

Abstract The quality of AM built parts is highly correlated to the melt pool characteristics. Hence melt pool monitoring and control can potentially improve AM part quality. This paper presents a neighboring-effect modeling method (NBEM) that uses scan strategy to predict melt pool size. The prediction model can further assist in scan strategy optimization and real-time process control. The structure of the proposed model is formulated based on the physical principles of melt pool formation, while experimental data is used to identify the optimal coefficients. Compared to the traditional power-velocity prediction models, NBEM model introduces the cumulative neighboring-effect factors as additional input variables. These factors represent the neighborhood impact of scan path on the focal point melt pool formation from time and distance perspective. Two experiments use different scan strategies to collect in-situ measurements of melt pool size for model construction and validation. By introducing the neighboring-effect factors, the global Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) is improved from around 0.10 to 0.08. More importantly, the local NRMSE of irregular melt pool area prediction is improved to around 0.15 for more than 50% improvement. The case studies verify that the proposed method can predict the melt pool variations by seamlessly integrating scan strategy considerations.

The complexity of creating artificial intelligence applications remains high. One of the factors that cause such complexity is the high qualification requirements for developers in the field of programming. Development complexity can be reduced by using methods and tools based on a paradigm known as End-user development. One of the problems that requires the application of the methods of this paradigm is the development of intelligent systems for supporting the search and troubleshooting onboard aircraft. Some tasks connected with this problem are identified, including the task of dynamic formation of task cards for troubleshooting in terms of forming a list of operations. This paper presents a solution to this problem based on some principles of End-user development: model-driven development, visual programming, and wizard form-filling. In particular, an extension of the Prototyping expert systems based on transformations technology, which implements the End-user development, is proposed in the context of the problem to be solved for Sukhoi Superjet aircraft. The main contribution of the work is as follows: expanded the main technology method by supporting event trees formalism (as a popular expert method for formalizing scenarios for the development of problem situations and their localization); created a domain-specific tool (namely, Extended event tree editor) for building standard and extended event trees, including for diagnostic tasks; developed a module for supporting transformations of XML-like event tree representation format for the knowledge base prototyping system – Personal knowledge base designer. A description of the proposed extension and the means of its implementation, as well as an illustrative example, are provided.

Abstract Puissant field planning is increasingly becoming a sophisticated quandary with less emphasis on parametric synergy with reservoir spasmodic acuity. This conundrum leads to inaccurate harbinger of the required number of wells to be drilled for future field development programs from existing production and reservoir data particularly at pressures above the bubble point which is a major sobriety as orchestrated in most recent simulators. The aim of this erudition is to compendiously carry out astute predictive heterodox principles of wellbore aggregates from critical recovery factor parameters for savvy field planning. The main objectives are to glean and develop new propinquities for differential pressures (ΔP), rock compressibilities (Co) and oil formation volume factors (Bo) for predicting the number of wells to be drilled and recovery factors (RF) by equating the simulated results and the theoretical model (Ezekwe, 2010). To elucidate, metaphorize and ruminate new models. Reservoir and economic data was carefully simulated using FAST-FEKETE Evolution software for initial 40 future oil wells. Average results were mathematically correlated with recovery factor model to produce new correlations to quickly re-jig field planning efficiency. Results of matched and validated compressibility factors, differential reservoir pressures and oil formation volume factors were correlated with field data from Ezekwe (2011) model. Results of compressibility factor showed increasing similar 3rd order polynomial converging correlation for both models but gave slight divergence with increasing number of wells and RF. Results of differential pressures gave linearly increasing correlation with number of wells and RF while the new model had a cross-over point at 6435.64 psi for 2 wells but slightly increased divergently with number of wells and RF. Results of oil FVF gave a good similar regression (R2) of 0.999 while both models showed decreasing 3rd order polynomial correlation comparison with number of wells but with slight divergent disparity with increased RF. To further validate the potency of this study, detailed comprehensive paired sample test gave standard deviation, standard error of mean and degree of freedom of 0.00356, 0.0012 and 8 for compressibility factors; 324.7, 102.68 and 9 for differential pressure while the oil formation volume factor gave 0.0067, 0.0021 and 9. The predictions obtained by the new model showed appreciable degree of consistency and accuracy with number of wells and RF. This is perhaps largely hinged on the capacity to cogently infuse field data with theoretical and simulated models effectively. This study has clearly shown that no special technique or rigorous computational procedures is required to plan future number of wells to be drilled in a field or perhaps estimate the required RF. Sequel to this, further research is encouraged to inculcate more correlations based on comprehensive field validation studies to improve the efficacy of this model.

It has been developed a conceptual model of environmentally directed thinking and its relationship with environmental protection on the basis of competence approach. It have been developed the principles of formation of the environmentally directed thinking in the structure of environmental competence. There were proposed stages of teacher’s activity by the gradual transition from mental activity of students with a reproductive level to the level of creative environmental activities. The technology of problem-based learning based on interdisciplinary links was highlighted. A new look was justified at the environmentally directed thinking as an essential quality of the personality of modern man and the backbone factor of education of intelligence and civilization, ecological attitude to nature. Keywords: ecologically oriented thinking, environmental competence, problem-based learning.

The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.

The results of theoretical research of the process of formation of future designers’ aesthetic culture are outlined in the article. A modern state of problem status of the formation of future designers’ aesthetic culture is analyzed in scientific and pedagogical discourse. The theoretical analysis of the formation process of future designers’ aesthetic culture as a pedagogical problem is made. The formation process of future designers’ aesthetic culture as self-organizing system is characterized. The principles which characterize the role of vocational education in the formation of aesthetic culture of future specialists in the sphere of design are determined. Scientific and pedagogical support of the formation process of future designers’ aesthetic culture.