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Конакова, К. М. "Формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки." Thesis, Київ, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/21676.

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Конакова, К. М. Формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки : дис. ... д-ра філософії : 051 / К. М. Конакова. - Київ, 2021. - 247 с.
Дисертація присвячена розв’язанню важливого наукового завдання щодо вдосконалення регуляторних засад формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки як інституційної передумови зростання обсягів залучених інвестицій в економіку України. У роботі уточнено зміст таких понять, як «інвестиції», «інвестиційна діяльність» та «інвестиційна привабливість». Конкретизовано значення інвестиційної привабливості об’єктів інвестування у процесі модернізації національної економіки. Розкрито теоретичні основи формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки та обґрунтовано практичні можливості її забезпечення. У процесі вивчення теоретичних основ формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки виявлено множинність підходів до визначення змісту цього поняття, критичний аналіз яких дозволив поглибити його розуміння як інтегральної характеристики в частині рівня розвитку інвестиційного клімату; інвестиційної інфраструктури, що впливає на формування дохідності інвестицій, інвестиційних ризиків; суб’єктивної оцінки інвестором країни, регіону, підприємства при прийнятті рішення про інвестування своїх коштів. Інвестиційну привабливість пропонуємо визначити як поняття оцінного характеру, що відображає доцільність, можливість та перспективи вкладення коштів інвестором на принципах максимальної вигоди з урахуванням факторів, що впливають на дохідність інвестицій. Визначено, що вплив держави на формування інвестиційної привабливості охоплює широке коло відносин, які виникають між національними, закордонними інвесторами, державою, підприємствами, населенням України та який необхідно розглядати як сукупність знань та наукових поглядів щодо цілеспрямованого впливу органів державної влади на інвестування; процес стимулювання інвестиційної привабливості формування конкурентних переваг національної економіки; динамічне цілісне середовище (систему), що забезпечується органами державної законодавчої, виконавчої та судової влади, які відповідно до законодавства наділені повноваженнями стимулювання інвестиційної привабливості в розрізі норм, методів та правил організації відносин між державою та суб’єктами інвестування з метою забезпечення соціально-економічного розвитку національної економіки. Доведено, що елементом стимулювання процесу формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки повинні стати принципи цілісності, комплексності, системності, об’єктивності, реальності, ієрархічності цілей, відкритості й доступності інформації у сфері інвестування, гласності, самостійності, відсутності стороннього примусу, мінімізації трансакційних витрат, забезпечення рівних умов доступу вітчизняних та закордонних інвесторів до інвестиційних ресурсів, інформації, інвестиційних програм, конкурсів проєктів тощо. Дотримання зазначених принципів стане передумовою підвищення рівня інвестиційної привабливості, що в кінцевому підсумку приведе до залучення значних обсягів інвестицій (як внутрішніх, так і зовнішніх) в економіку країни, достатніх для проведення її модернізації на засадах сталості та інноваційності. На основі осмислення наявних методичних підходів до оцінювання інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки виокремлено чотири етапи оцінювання інвестиційної привабливості: перший підготовчий етап – формування цілей, аналітичних завдань, методичної бази, інформаційного масиву; другий етап – виокремлення методичних проблем оцінювання інвестиційної привабливості; розроблення методики оцінювання; формування комплексу оцінювальних індикаторів у розрізі макроекономічних, ресурсних, інноваційних, соціальних факторів; здійснення оцінювання факторів позитивного та негативного впливу на інвестиційну привабливість; інтерпретування отриманих показників; третій етап – дослідження факторів інвестиційної привабливості; четвертий етап – використання результатів оцінювання для обґрунтування пропозицій, конкретизація стратегічних пріоритетів підвищення інвестиційної привабливості на основі виокремлення інструментів та важелів макроекономічного впливу. Обґрунтовано, що інвестиційна привабливість національної економіки знижується в разі збільшення ризиків (можливості втрат від політичної нестабільності, наявності в країні воєнних дій, високих темпів інфляції, перманентної зміни грошово-валютних та фінансово-кредитних відносин, збільшення соціального розшарування в суспільстві тощо). За результатами економетричного моделювання впливу на інвестиційну привабливість макроекономічного, ресурсного, інноваційного, соціального факторів зроблено висновок, що обсяг іноземних інвестицій найбільш еластичний до змін таких індикаторів: валовий регіональний продукт; обсяг реалізованої продукції; обсяг роздрібного товарообороту (за економічним фактором); вартість земельних ресурсів; вартість інвестиційної нерухомості (за ресурсним фактором); кількість підприємств, що займаються інноваціями (за інноваційним фактором); чисельність економічно активного населення; доходи населення (за соціальним фактором). У результаті порівняння інвестиційної привабливості України в розрізі індексу інвестиційної привабливості Європейської Бізнес Асоціації (Index of European Business Association), індексу умов ведення бізнесу (Doing Business topics), індексу економічної свободи (Index of Economic Freedom) та глобального індексу конкурентоспроможності економічного форуму (Global Competitiveness Index of World Economic Forum) конкретизується, що покращуються лише умови ведення бізнесу та економічні свободи за період, що досліджується, зростання індексу інвестиційної привабливості за ЄБА та рейтингу глобальної конкурентоспроможності не відбувається. Запропоновано для оцінки рівня інвестиційної привабливості на основі розрахованого значення інтегрального індексу використовувати шкалу оцінювання такого виду: [0-0,13 балів] – низький рівень інвестиційної привабливості; [0,1301-0,50 балів] – середній рівень; [0,51-1,00 балів] – високий, що дало можливість на основі узагальнення оцінки інвестиційної привабливості України за власною методикою та за оцінками міжнародних асоціацій обґрунтувати, що за період 2009-2019 років інвестиційна привабливість України є низькою. У процесі систематизації впливу на інвестиційну привабливість численних факторів конкретизовано, що найбільш суттєвий вплив справляють інструменти бюджетної, грошово-кредитної, податкової, фінансової, соціальної політики та державно-приватне партнерство. Доведено, що з метою підвищення інвестиційної привабливості для впливу на макроекономічні, ресурсні та інноваційні, соціальні фактори доцільно використовувати адміністративно-економічні інструменти регулювання, модернізувати бюджетну, грошово-кредитну, фінансово-податкову політику. Інструменти податкової політики, зокрема податкові ставки, стимули, впливають на макроекономічні, ресурсні, інноваційні та соціальні фактори формування інвестиційно-привабливого клімату. Інтенсивний вплив інструментів соціальної політики простежується на соціальні фактори, макроекономічні процеси, стимулюючи платоспроможний попит населення і, тим самим, збільшуючи місткість внутрішнього ринку. Такі інструменти адміністративно-економічного регулювання, як санкції, обмеження, реєстрація, ліцензування, накази, розпорядження, укази, а також грошово-кредитне регулювання особливо інтенсивно використовується для стимулювання інвестиційної привабливості. Інтегральною метою стимулювання процесу формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки є диверсифікація джерел надходження інвестицій у національну економіку, розміщення серед вітчизняних реципієнтів капіталу тих ресурсів, які пройшли процес детінізації, що значно підвищить конкурентоспроможність економіки України та частково нівелює рівень соціальної диференціації населення країни. Для реалізації цілей державної інвестиційної політики, необхідно стимулювати кількісний і якісний приток інвестиційних ресурсів, посилити інноваційний вектор їх розміщення, особливо для оновлення основного капіталу підприємств. Нарощування інвестицій у національну економіку, диверсифікація джерел їх надходження, розширення попиту на інвестиційні ресурси є суттєвим чинником досягнення цілей та завдань державної інвестиційної політики (підвищення темпів зростання економіки, забезпечення інвестиційними ресурсами пріоритетних видів економічної діяльності; відновлення та нарощування обсягів виробництва, основного капіталу діючого бізнесу, зміцнення позицій українських виробників на глобальних ринках; сприяння структурних зрушень в економіці; виведення з тіні капіталів; формування сприятливого бізнес-середовища тощо). Визначено, що формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки має здійснюватися паралельно з: політикою уряду щодо підтримки вітчизняного товаровиробника, заміщенням імпортних товарів українськими аналогами; підвищенням ефективності урядових дій у сфері стимулювання конкуренції; захистом усіх форм власності, нарощуванням експортного потенціалу національної економіки; розвитком підприємств, які виробляють продукцію з високим вмістом доданої вартості; стимулюванням змін у структурі економіки через підтримку бізнес-структур, що виробляють продукцію з високими технологічними характеристиками на рівні найкращих світових аналогів; створенням умов для детінізації та декриміналізації економічних процесів на всіх рівнях. Доведено, що державний вплив на формування інвестиційної привабливості передбачає використання прямих та непрямих (економічних, заохочувальних, стимулюючих) методів стимулювання. Прямий державний вплив на інвестиційну привабливість реалізується на основі використання важелів адміністративного, нормативно-правового та економічного характеру, передбачає створення правових умов, найбільш сприятливих для інвестування, захист конкурентного середовища, гарантування прав власності, реалізацію державних цільових програм тощо. Інструментами прямого державного впливу є розробка та прийняття нормативно-правових актів у сфері інвестування, ліцензування, здійснення пруденційного нагляду за процесом інвестування. В основу непрямих методів державного впливу на формування інвестиційної привабливості покладені інструменти грошово-кредитної, фіскальної, бюджетної, інвестиційної, інноваційної та амортизаційної політики, організаційні, податкові, фінансові інструменти, результатами дії яких є вплив держави на інвестиційну привабливість з метою забезпечення макроекономічних пропорцій розширеного відтворення. Використання організаційних, податкових, фінансових інструментів сприяє спрямуванню інвестицій у пріоритетні та стратегічні сфери й об’єкти економіки України. Запропоновано для підвищення інвестиційної привабливості на рівні підприємства скоординувати діяльність із посилення: захисту майнових прав, зниження штучних обмежень щодо господарської діяльності; інтеграції вітчизняних підприємств у виробничі, переробні, торговельні міжнародні цикли з використанням національних конкурентних переваг (рівень виробничих витрат, наявність кваліфікованих кадрів); інформованості про діяльність підприємств серед широкого кола потенційних інвесторів (розповсюдження рекламних матеріалів, участь в інвестиційних конференціях, галузевих виставках, тематичних семінарах, використання власного сайту, включення інформації про підприємство в національні довідники, каталоги); підготовки на якісному рівні інвестиційних документів (інвестиційних меморандумів і бізнес-планів, що відбивають повну інформацію про стратегію і динаміку бізнесу, стан галузі тощо) та кваліфікованих фахівців зі зв’язків з інвесторами (або використання послуг фахівців спеціалізованих консалтингових компаній із питань пошуку закордонних інвесторів на договірній оплатній основі). Доведено, що підвищення інвестиційної привабливості на рівні національної економіки насамперед необхідно стабілізувати макроекономічну та політичну ситуацію в країні, сприяти ослабленню податкового тягаря та підвищенню конкурентоспроможності національної економіки, що сприятиме забезпеченню інтеграції вітчизняних виробників у глобальні економічні процеси, а також переливу капіталу, сучасних ноу-хау, необхідних для модернізації національної економіки. Обґрунтовано, що для формування інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки необхідно посилити позиції фінансово-банківського сектору. Стабільність фінансово-банківського сектору сприятиме відновленню довіри до нього вкладників, що інтенсифікує проведення банківських операцій, що, зрештою, створить передумови для перетворення заощаджень в інвестиції. Одним із напрямів підвищення інвестиційної привабливості національної економіки є вдосконалення адміністративного середовища, що може стати вирішальною умовою вибору країни потенційним інвестором. Для вдосконалення адміністративного середовища пропонуються такі заходи: моніторинг кількісних та якісних показників залучення інвесторів; підвищення якості інформаційного забезпечення інвесторів та кадрового супроводу програми підвищення інвестиційної привабливості; формування сприятливого адміністративного середовища. Визначено, що покращення адміністративного середовища для інвесторів сприятиме підвищенню активності суб’єктів інвестиційної діяльності, залученню додаткових інвестиційних ресурсів. Для цього пропонується відкриття фронт-офісів із роботи з інвесторами на регіональному рівні, основним завданням яких є: формування переліку об’єктів власності для залучення інвестицій; активізації механізму державно-приватного партнерства при реалізації проєктів; оновлення бази даних інвестиційних проєктів, проведення роботи зі створення проєктних команд із підтримки та реалізації конкретних інвестиційних проєктів; поширення інформації з популяризації вже реалізованих проєктів; організації інвестиційних форумів, конференцій і семінарів; забезпечення дистанційних форм взаємодії інвесторів із різноманітними фондами, банками, інвестиційними агентствами, спеціалізованими фінансовими організаціями з питань інвестування тощо. Ефективність роботи фронт-офісів може бути оцінена за кількістю, якістю реалізованих проєктів, обсягом залучених інвестицій, чисельністю створених робочих місць та підвищенням інвестиційної привабливості загалом. Визначені стратегічні орієнтири формування інвестиційної привабливості на основі виокремлення інструментів та важелів макроекономічного впливу. Обґрунтовано необхідність стратегічної спрямованості державного впливу на формування інвестиційної привабливості України з метою узгодженості й синхронізації дій усіх рівнів влади при стимулюванні процесу формування інвестиційної привабливості на основі заходів стратегічного і тактичного характеру.
The dissertation is devoted to solving an important scientific and practical task of the investment attractiveness formation as a prerequisite for increasing investment flows in Ukraine. To solve this problem, the content of such concepts as «investment», «investment activity» and «investment attractiveness» is specified. The importance of investment attractiveness in the process of the national economy modernization is clarified. Theoretical and methodological bases of the systematic research of the investment attractiveness essence and stages of its increase are determined. Within the study of theoretical foundations of investment attractiveness of the national economy, a plurality of approaches to determining the essence of this concept is revealed, critical analysis of which allowed to deepen its understanding as an integral characteristic of the investment climate; the development level of the investment infrastructure, which affects the formation of return on investment, investment risks; subjective assessment by of the country, region, enterprise by the investor when making a decision to invest its funds. We propose to define investment attractiveness as a concept of evaluative nature, which reflects the feasibility, opportunity and prospects of investing by the investor on the principles of maximum benefit, taking into consideration the factors influencing the return on investment. It is determined that the state influence on the investment attractiveness formation covers a wide range of relations that arise between national and foreign investors, the state, enterprises, the population of Ukraine and which should be considered as follows: a set of knowledge and scientific views on the purposeful influence of public authorities on investment; the process of stimulating investment attractiveness for the competitive advantages formation of the national economy; dynamic integrated environment (system) provided by the state legislative, executive and judicial authorities, which, in accordance with the law, are empowered to stimulate investment attractiveness in terms of norms, methods and rules of the relations organization between the state and investment entities in order to ensure social and economic development of the national economy. It is proved that principles of integrity, complexity, regularity, objectivity, reality, hierarchy of goals, openness and accessibility of information in the field of investment, publicity, independence, absence of outside coercion, minimization of transaction costs, ensuring equal conditions of the access of national and foreign investors to investment resources, information, investment programs, project competitions, etc. should be the element of stimulating the process of forming investment attractiveness of the national economy. Adherence to these principles will be a prerequisite for increasing the investment attractiveness level, which will ultimately lead to the attraction of significant amounts of investment (both internal and external) in the country's economy, sufficient for its modernization based on sustainability and innovation. Based on the understanding of the existing methodological approaches to the assessment of investment attractiveness of Ukraine, four stages of the investment attractiveness assessment are substantiated and identified, namely: preparatory - formation of goals, analytical tasks, methodological base, information array; the second - identification of methodological problems of the investment attractiveness assessment; development of evaluation methods; formation of a set of evaluation indicators in terms of macroeconomic, resource, innovation, social factors; the assessment of factors of the positive and negative impact on investment attractiveness; the interpretation of the obtained indicators; the third - the study of investment attractiveness factors; the fourth - the use of evaluation results to develop proposals, the specification of strategic priorities to increase investment attractiveness based on the separation of instruments and levers of the macroeconomic influence. It is substantiated that investment attractiveness of the country decreases with the emergence or intensification of one or a group of risks (the possibility of losses) because of the instability of monetary and financial relations, rapid growth of inflationary relations, etc .; the increase of social tensions, the intensification of criminal proceedings in society; political instability, hostilities, corruption, etc. According to the results of econometric modeling of the impact of macroeconomic, resource, innovation, social factors on investment attractiveness, it is concluded that the volume of foreign investment is most elastic to changes in the following indicators: gross regional product; the volume of sold products; the volume of retail trade (by economic factor); the cost of land; the value of investment real estate (by resource factor); the number of enterprises engaged in innovations (by innovation factor); the number of economically active population; income of the population (by social factor). As a result of comparing investment attractiveness of Ukraine in terms of the Investment Attractiveness Index of the European Business Association, The Index of Doing Business, The Index of Economic Freedom and the Global Competitiveness Index of the Economic Forum, it is specified that exclusively business conditions and economic freedoms are improved over the period under review; there is no increase in the Investment Attractiveness Index according to the EBA and the Global Competitiveness Rating. It is proposed to use the evaluation scale of the following type to assess the investment attractiveness level based on the calculated value of the integrated index:[0-0,13 points] – the low level of investment attractiveness; [0,1301-0,50 points] – the average level; [0,51-1,00] – the high level, which made it possible based on the generalization of the assessment of investment attractiveness of Ukraine according to its own methodology and according to the assessments of international associations, to justify that in 2009-2019, investment attractiveness of Ukraine was low. When systematizing the impact of numerous factors on investment attractiveness, it is specified that the most significant impact is exerted by instruments of budgetary, мonetary, tax, financial, social policy and public-private partnership. It is proved that in order to increase investment attractiveness to influence macroeconomic, resource and innovation, social factors, it is advisable to use tools of various forms of regulation (administrative and economic regulation, budgetary, monetary, tax, financial policy and levers of public-private partnership). Tax policy instruments, in particular tax rates, incentives, influence macroeconomic, resource, innovation and social factors in the formation of the investment-attractive climate. As for the instruments of social policy, they mainly act on macroeconomic and social factors, stimulating effective demand of the population and, thus, increasing the capacity of the domestic market. Administrative and economic regulation with its inherent regulatory tools (registration; licensing; quotas; sanctions, restrictions; orders, instructions, decrees; approval and permitting procedures) and monetary regulation are relevant for all types of investments, regardless of the classification criteria. Attracting investments into the country's economy, diversifying their sources of income, de-shadowing capital movements and placing them on the territory of Ukraine in order to increase economic growth, the country's competitiveness and welfare is an integral goal of stimulating investment attractiveness of the national economy. To achieve goals of the public investment policy, it is necessary to ensure the inflow of investment resources, to strengthen the innovative vector of their placement, especially for the creation of new and renewal of fixed assets of enterprises. The implementation of goals and objectives of the state investment policy in terms of increasing the volume of attracted investments and increasing demand for investment resources will contribute to the increase of economic growth, providing financial resources for the development of priority sectors of the economy; the production modernization in terms of the restoration and increase of production volumes, fixed capital of operating enterprises, the improvement of national producers’ positions in world markets; creating conditions for structural restructuring of the economy, de-shadowing of economic processes; creating a competitive environment for doing business and protecting all forms of ownership. It is determined that the formation of investment attractiveness of the national economy should be carried out in parallel with active state policy to stimulate demand for domestic goods, import substitution; the efficiency increase of public authorities in the field of stimulating the competition; the protection of all forms of ownership, limiting the influence of monopolies; the development of industries that produce products with high value added; the stimulation of structural changes in the economy by supporting enterprises, industries that produce high-tech products; creating conditions for the exit of capital from the shadow sector of the economy and preventing their outflow abroad, increasing the export potential of the national economy. It is proved that the state influence on the investment attractiveness formation involves the use of direct and indirect (economic, incentive, incentive) methods of incentives. Direct state influence on investment attractiveness is implemented based on the levers use of administrative, normative-legal and economic character, provides for the creation of legal conditions most favorable for investment, the protection of the competitive environment, the guarantee of property rights, the implementation of state target programs, etc. The development and adoption of regulations in the field of investment, licensing, prudential supervision of the investment process are tools of direct state influence. Indirect methods of state influence on the investment attractiveness formation are based on the instruments of monetary, fiscal, budgetary, investment, innovation and depreciation policy, organizational, tax, financial instruments, the results of which are the state’s influence on investment attractiveness in order to ensure macroeconomic proportions of expanded reproduction. The use of organizational, tax, financial instruments provides for direct investments in priority and strategic areas and objects of the Ukrainian economy. In order to increase investment attractiveness at the enterprise level, it is proposed to coordinate activities to strengthen the protection of property rights, the reduction of artificial restrictions on economic activity; the integration of domestic enterprises into production, processing, trade international cycles with the use of national competitive advantages (the level of production costs, the availability of qualified personnel); the awareness of the activities of enterprises among a wide range of potential investors (the distribution of advertising materials, the participation in investment conferences, industry exhibitions, thematic seminars, the use of own site, the inclusion of information about the company in national directories, catalogs); the preparation of investment documents at a high level (investment memoranda and business plans reflecting complete information on the business strategy and dynamics, the state of the industry, etc.) and qualified specialists in investor relations (or the use of services of specialists of specialized consulting companies on the search for foreign investors on a contractual basis). It is proved that in order to increase investment attractiveness at the national economy level, it is first of all necessary to stabilize the macroeconomic and political situation in the country, to help reduce the tax burden and increase the national economy competitiveness, which will help ensure the integration o domestic producers into global economic processes, as well as the outflow of capital, modern know-how required for the national economy modernization. It is substantiated that in order to form investment attractiveness of the national economy, it is necessary to strengthen the position of the financial and banking sector. The stability of the financial and banking sector will help restore depositors' confidence in it, which will intensify banking operations, which will ultimately create preconditions for the transformation of savings and investment. One of the ways to increase investment attractiveness of the national economy is to improve the administrative environment, which can be a crucial condition for the investor to choose when investing in Ukraine. To improve the administrative environment, the following measures are proposed, namely: the monitoring of quantitative and qualitative indicators of investors; attracting; the improvement of the information support quality for investors and staffing of the program to increase investment attractiveness; the formation of a favorable administrative environment. It is determined that the improvement of the administrative environment for investors will contribute to the increase of the investment entities’ activity, attract additional investment resources. To do this, it is necessary to open front offices to work with investors at the regional level in order to: to form a list of properties to attract investment; the intensification of the of public-private partnership mechanism by the projects implementation; the database update of investment projects, working on the creation of project teams to support and implement specific investment projects; the dissemination of information on the popularization of already implemented projects; the organization of investment forums, conferences and seminars; the provision of remote forms of the investors’ interaction with various funds, banks, investment agencies, specialized financial organizations on investment issues, etc. The efficiency of front offices can be assessed by the number, quality of implemented projects, the amount of investment, and the number of jobs created and the increase of investment attractiveness in general. Strategic guidelines for the investment attractiveness formation based on the separation of tools and levers of macroeconomic influence are identified. Thenecessity of strategic orientation of the state influence on the investmentattractiveness formation of Ukraine for the purpose of coordination and synchronization of actions of all levels of the power at stimulation of process of theinvestment attractiveness formation based on the measures of strategic and tactical character is substantiated.
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2

Lin, Pei. "First-principles calculations of helium cluster formation in palladium tritides." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41103.

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The accumulation of helium atoms in metals or metal tritides is known to result in the formation of helium bubbles in the lattice and to cause degradation of the material. Helium is introduced either through neutron transmutation reaction or via the radioactive decay of tritium. We have performed first-principles calculations of interstitial helium inside Pd and Pd tritide using density functional theory (DFT) and the projector augmented-wave (PAW) method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We model the growth process of an interstitial helium cluster and find that when the size of the cluster reaches to five atoms, the cluster can induce an energetically favorable vacancy with a self-trapping mechanism. The cluster growth mechanism of interstitial helium is addressed by investigating the associated energetics, cluster configurations, and electronic structural properties. In addition, we study the diffusion properties of helium in palladium-based compounds by performing the nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations. Our computational models propose that by loading the lattice with hydrogen atoms at certain concentration, or substituting with alloying metals can modify the diffusivity by increasing its migration barrier, which may impede the cluster formation in the beginning stage.
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3

Milton, Fraser. "Category construction : a study of the principles underlying category formation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430568.

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4

Sayoh, Ibrahim. "Factors affecting DNA Triplex formation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/403876/.

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Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) can be used to target DNA in a sequence-specific fashion, and have a number of potential therapeutic and biotechnological applications. TFOs bind within the DNA major groove where they form sequence-specific contacts with exposed groups on the target duplex. Pyrimidine-rich TFOs bind parallel to the target purine strand forming C+.GC and T.AT triplets and usually require conditions of low pH, which are needed for protonation of the third strand cytosines. In contrast, purine-rich TFOs bind antiparallel to the target and form triplexes containing G.GC and A.AT triplets. DNase I footprinting studies with parallel triplexes often reveal enhanced cleavage at the triplex-duplex junction at the 3’-end of the duplex purine strand. This study systematically investigated how this enhanced cleavage is affected by the nature of the base pairs that flank the TFO-binding site. For this we have used the well-characterised TFO-binding site in the tyrT(43-59) fragment and have changed the base at the 3’-end of the homopurine strand from cytosine to each of the other three bases in turn. In each case the footprints were accompanied by enhanced DNase I cleavage at the 3’-triplex-duplex junction on the purine strand, which is thought to be due to local structural changes that render the DNA to be more susceptible to cleavage by the enzyme. The enhancements were generally greater for flanking pyrimidines than purines. Similar experiments investigated the effect of changing the terminal triplet from T.AT to C+.GC, again flanked by each base in turn. Although there were no significant differences in the concentration dependence of the footprints, fluorescence melting experiments showed that triplexes flanked by G and A are more stable than those flanked by C and T. We also used diethylpyrocabonate (DEPC) to probe the reactivity of adenines at the triplex-duplex junction and find that some, but not all, sequence combinations generate enhanced reactivity, suggesting that triplex formation has altered the stacking pattern of adenines on the 3’-side of the TFO binding site. For antiparallel triplex formation, DNase I enhancements were also observed at a number of bands beyond the 5’-end of each TFO’s binding site. This is also attributed to the TFO-induced DNA structural changes that increase the accessibility of the enzyme to the target site. The results of concentration dependence of the footprints are similar to the parallel ones though fragment AC with 17-mer-G TFO had a much lower C50.
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Берегеля, А. О., and В. П. Ковальський. "Принципи формування архітектурно-планувальних рішень автовокзальних комплексів на прикладі проекту центрального автовокзалу у місті Вінниця." Thesis, ВНТУ, 2018. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua//handle/123456789/22661.

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Досліджено і проаналізовано закордонний та вітчизняний досвід проектування автовокзальних комплексів у містах-супутниках, виявлені особливості їх формування. Удосконалено класифікацію існуючих автовокзальних комплексів. Розвинуто класифікацію автовокзальких комплексів, за використанням простору, яка впливає на принципи формування. Комплексний аналіз факторів, особливостей та вимог дозволив визначити і обгрунтувати основні принципи формування та фактори які характеризують закономірність формування принципів архітектурно-планувальних рішень автовокзальких комплексів. На основі проведеного дослідження визначені, обґрунтовані та відокремленні від внутрішніх і зовнішніх факторів , загальні фактори.
The foreign and domestic experience of designing bus and coach complexes in satellite cities was investigated and analyzed, features of their formation were revealed. The classification of existing bus terminals has been improved. The classification of bus and coach complexes is developed, using space that affects the principles of formation. Complex analysis of factors, features and requirements allowed to determine and justify the basic principles of formation and factors that characterize the pattern of formation of principles of architectural and planning decisions of bus and coach complexes. On the basis of the conducted research, the general factors are determined, substantiated and separated from internal and external factors
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A, Raji Jawvad. "Economic principles formation of a human resources management in Industry 4.0." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81775.

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Коли ми говоримо про промисловість 4.0, ми маємо на увазі четверту промислову революцію. Подібно до кваліфікованих робітників першої промислової революції, сьогоднішні працівники фабрики та бек-офісу бачать завдання, колись керовані людьми, передані роботам та роботам зі штучним інтелектом. Вони чують про фабрику майбутнього. І вони задаються питанням, яку роль вони будуть грати в новій операційній моделі. В результаті цього дослідження очікується, що перетворення галузі Industrial 4.0 на галузь глибоко вплине на процеси управління людськими ресурсами завдяки її бізнес-середовищу. На кожному етапі передбачається, що інтегровані технологією бізнес-процеси спричинять втрату роботи деяких некваліфікованих службовців, тоді як висококваліфікованим працівникам буде потрібно більше, але знайти цих працівників і утримати їх на роботі буде складно.
When we talk about industry 4.0, we mean the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Like the skilled workers of the first industrial revolution, today’s factory and back office workers are seeing tasks once managed by humans handed over to robots and Artificial Intelligence bots. They are hearing about the factory of the future. And they are wondering what role they will play in the new operating model. As a result of this research, the expectation is that the Industrial 4.0 transformation of the industry will deeply affect human resources management processes due to its business environment. At each stage, it is foreseen that technology-integrated business processes will cause some of the unskilled employees to lose their jobs, while the higher qualified employees will be needed more, but it will be difficult to find these employees and keep them at work.
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7

Brown, Alan L. "Development and evaluation of a program designed to apply attachment disorder principles to the spiritual realm." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p001-1243.

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8

Breisig, Hans F. [Verfasser]. "Principles and Applications of Droplet Formation in Porous-Wall Channels / Hans F. Breisig." Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138177156/34.

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9

Brauns, Fridtjof [Verfasser], and Erwin [Akademischer Betreuer] Frey. "Principles and theory of protein-based pattern formation / Fridtjof Brauns ; Betreuer: Erwin Frey." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238518842/34.

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10

Ready, William Judson IV. "Factors Which Enhance Conductive Anodic Filament Formation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5905.

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11

Sampson, Aileen G. "Factors affecting the formation of interest groups." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181250753/.

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12

Pacurari, Maricica. "Factors influencing crosslink formation in muscle tissue." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=2003.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 86 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-86).
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13

Bartys, Serena. "Psychosocial factors at work, musculoskeletal disorders and the implementation of guidelines principles." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2003. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/7103/.

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The burden placed on society as a result of musculoskeletal disorders is substantial, requiring effective management especially in an occupational context. Recent occupational health guidelines recommend addressing potentially detrimental psychosocial factors in the management of workers sick-listed with musculoskeletal disorders, but the specific influence on absence from occupational, as well as clinical, psychosocial risk factors (termed 'blue' and 'yellow' flags) remains ill understood. In addition, the related principles of contemporary occupational health guidelines recommendations, seeking to reduce return-to-work times and improve work retention, have not been formally tested. A four-year study was carried out in two phases: Phase 1 comprised a workforce survey of a large multi-site company in the UK (n=7,838). Data on clinical and occupational psychosocial factors were collected, along with data on self-reported symptoms. Absence data were collected, both retrospectively and prospectively. Phase 2 was a quasi-experimental, controlled trial of an occupational guidelines-based intervention for workers with musculoskeletal disorders. Occupational health advisors delivered the experimental intervention over a 12-month period at two sites (n=1,435), with three matched sites acting as controls, delivering management as usual (n=1,483). Absence data were collected for both experimental and control sites over a 12-month follow up period, and psychosocial data were collected from the experimental sites at baseline and follow-up. The results confirmed an association between the psychosocial work environment and musculoskeletal disorders. Psychosocial risk factors (blue and yellow flags) predicted the likelihood of future absence, but not its duration; routine psychosocial screening to predict return-to-work does not appear to be feasible. Organisational obstacles (black flags) were identified that compromised the experimental intervention, and this precluded reliable conclusions regarding the effects of its specific components. Nevertheless, from a pragmatic perspective, implementation of certain guidelines principles (generating a supportive network with 'all players onside') was a successful strategy for reducing absence due to musculoskeleta'l disorders.
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14

Ready, William Judson IV. "Factors which enhance conductive anodic filament (CAF) formation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19682.

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15

Jaikaran, Emma Tracy Araminta Sunita. "Factors influencing human islet amyloid polypeptide fibril formation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342537.

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16

Madruga, Marta Suely. "Studies on some factors affecting meat flavour formation." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385060.

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Fikelepi, Ursula Nobulali. "Guiding principles on building sustainable SOEs in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23805.

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This paper examines the performance of SOEs in developing countries in competitive sectors such as aviation, telecommunications and energy to ascertain whether there are any common principles that determine such performance. Through a case study analysis and interviews with executive managers of South Africa’s SOEs, the paper will determine whether the common principles ascertained in the successful performance of the other developing countries’ SOEs can be applied to South Africa and whether any differences in principle exist between South African SOEs and other developing country SOEs. The paper uses the strategic management schools of organisational and institutional theory, agency theory and the resource based view to determine if there are any differences in principle between SOEs in South Africa and other developing countries. The paper also explores whether the environments and contexts of the different SOEs materially impacts their performance and ability to create a competitive advantage over a sustained period. A qualitative approach was used given that this is an explorative study, to provide better insights and in-depth discussion on the relatively new issues that have not been studied in great detail before. The main research findings are that successfully performing SOEs from developing countries exhibit certain common factors that can be applied by SOEs seeking to reform and improve their performance across developing countries. Copyright
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Orji, Peter. "The evolution of a regulatory framework for e-commerce formation : metamorphosis of traditional contract principles." Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.567593.

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This research, entitled The Evolution of a Regulatory Framework for E-commerce: Metamorphosis of Traditional Contract Principles, is set against the background of the general question whether there is the need for a whole new legal structure for contract formation in the on line environment, or if the existing traditional laws of contract are sufficient by adapting the current provisions to cyber space. In the first chapter, the research examines the context of e-contract, laying a foundation for the analysis of the legal framework through which electronic business transactions are conducted. The research covers matters such as the rudimentary use of the prefix e as an attempt to translate commerce from its traditional form to its cyber-based equivalent. This chapter also explores a description of the technological infrastructure for various avenues of e-commerce. Chapter Two provides a functional definition of the law of e-commerce. From the proposal that the virtual world is completely devoid of law to the view that it is too strictly regulated, this chapter examines whether or not there can be a legal mechanism for governing businesses online - as distinct from the general law of contract - what that mechanism might be, and the efficacy of any such law. In Chapter Three a model of a virtual contract formed by the use of electronic media is examined. This model of contract formation is aided by importing the rules of traditional contract into the virtual shop. The contract rules are tested for relevance and applicability in the online environment. Chapter Four deals with a crucial feature of many online contracts: 'standard forms'. It answers the question whether there is anything significantly different from the day-to-day standard form paper contracts when these contracts are formed and/or executed online. In Chapter Five the concept of a separate legal personality for automated agents is discussed. There is an analogous review of the creation of personality from other non-human v legal persons. Signature and other authenticating means as key to contract formation, though not necessarily ingredients for determining validity, are discussed. In Chapter Six the research explores the relevance and increased use of authentication features like pin numbers, biometrics and e-signatures, particularly the legal aspects of electronic signatures (statutory requirements, practical problems with their use, and case law response to the use of electronic signatures). Finally the work turns to the core issues surrounding complex e-commerce transactions: choosing a forum for the adjudication of disputes. The work, while dealing with keys aspects of contract, moves from the traditional contract form to contracts in the virtual environment, and questions the applicability of the existing law, then proposes an approach specific to the uniqueness of the online market.
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Moyses, C. "Local factors determining tissue fluid formation in human feet." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375202.

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Stojanovski, Klement. "Factors affecting de novo formation of a yeast prion." Thesis, University of Kent, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.587521.

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Prions are aggregates of misfolded proteins that have acquired an amyloid-like structure and ability to propagate through recruitment of new proteins. [PSI+], a prion form of eukaryotic release factor Sup35 (eRF1) is widely used as a model for research on prion formation and propagation and in this study [PSI+] is used to explore an effect of three previously identified proteins on de novo prion formation. One mechanism proposed to affect prion formation is direct interaction of Sup35p with its binding partners and search for proteins that interact with Sup35p identified Ppq 1 p, a putative Ser/Thr protein phosphatase (M.F. Tuite and T. von der Haar). Another approach was to identify proteins that function to protect translational apparatus from environmental and . endogenous oxidative damage. and this approach identified two ribosome associated peroxiredoxins, Tsa1 p and Tsa2p (T. Sideri and C.M. Grant). The data presented here shows that the deletion of PPQ1 gene greatly increases the rate of de novo formation of [PSI+] but the mechanism by which loss of Ppq1 p affects [PSI+] formation is not known. Analysis of the distribution of fluorescently-tagged Ppq 1 P showed that the protein co-localises with mitochondria. A further line of evidence linking Ppq 1 P to mitochondria was an observed reduction in respiratory capacity of a ppq1 Δ strain. That exposure to environmental sources of oxidative stress promotes [PSI+] prion formation was previously reported (Tyedmers et al., 2008). Results presented here show that an endogenous source of oxidative stress, brought about by deleting the ribosomally- associated peroxiredoxins (Prx) encoded by genes TSA 1/2 (Trotter et al., 2008; Sideri et al., 2010), also increases the rate of de novo [PSI+]formation. This result provides a direct link between oxidative stress and the eukaryotic release factor Sup35p.
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Humphreys, Georgina Sarah. "Factors affecting Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite formation in Anopheles mosquitoes." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1750/.

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The relative contribution of different factors, including environmental and genetic variables, on the observed variation in genome numbers per oocyst was investigated. The variation in sporozoite numbers from two genetically different Plasmodium falciparum clones (3D7 and HB3) in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, and the pattern of inheritance of the phenotype was investigated. Membrane-feeding of cultured P. falciparum parasites to laboratory-reared Anopheles mosquitoes produced infected midguts for dissection. Microdissection of single oocysts from the infected midguts and the employment of polymerase chain reaction techniques allowed the products of self- and cross-fertilisation to be distinguished, and the number of genomes per oocyst to be counted. Utilising these methods allowed comparison of the relative productivity of oocysts from different genetic and environmental backgrounds. Environmental factors such as the size of the mosquito and the number of oocysts on the midgut appeared to have no effect on the number of genomes per oocyst. However the genomes per oocyst were signifcantly different when oocysts from the same clone were isolated from two different Anopheles mosquito species. The two parasite clones differed significantly in the number of genomes per oocyst they produced, and this trait was inherited in a dominant fashion.
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Limpanapittayatorn, Pipat. "Factors influencing the formation of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400600.

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Rutland, Catrin Sian. "Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting aberrant blood vessel formation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403451.

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Moore, Gillian Fiona. "Factors influencing biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248173.

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Jaf, Andersson Victor. "Seroma formation following breast surgery - incidence and risk factors." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-52541.

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Emelyanov, О., and V. Gryshko. "Factors of formation of innovative potential of the enterprises." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13449.

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The decision of tasks of constant economic development of the country is directly connected with development of innovative activity which should provide strengthening of competitiveness of domestic subjects of economic activities. One of prominent aspects thus is the interrelation of innovative activity with the environment. As without doubts influence of results of innovative activity on an ecological condition is one of defining parameters of the further manufacture of innovative products. Under such circumstances there is a necessary efficient control of innovative activity with a view of ecological aspect. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13449
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Anguswamy, Reghu. "Factors Affecting the Design and Use of Reusable Components." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23674.

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Designing software components for future reuse has been an important area in software engineering. A software system developed with reusable components follows a "with" reuse process while a component designed to be reused in other systems follows a "for" reuse process. This dissertation explores the factors affecting design for reuse and design with reusable components through empirical studies. The studies involve Java components implementing a particular algorithm, a stemming algorithm that is widely used in the conflation domain. The method and empirical approach are general and independent of the programming language. Such studies may be extended to other types of components, for example, components implementing data structures such as stacks, queues etc.
Design for reuse: In this thesis, the first study was conducted analyzing one-use and equivalent reusable components for the overhead in terms of component size, effort required, number of parameters, and productivity. Reusable components were significantly larger than their equivalent one-use components and had significantly more parameters. The effort required for the reusable components was higher than for one-use components. The productivity of the developers was significantly lower for the reusable components compared to the one-use components. Also, during the development of reusable components, the subjects spent more time on writing code than designing the components, but not significantly so.  A ranking of the design principles by frequency of use is also reported. A content analysis performed on the feedback is also reported and the reasons for using and not using the reuse design principles are identified. A correlation analysis showed that the reuse design principles were, in general, used independently of each other.
Design with reuse: Through another empirical study, the effect of the size of a component and the reuse design principles used in building the component on the ease of reuse were analyzed. It was observed that the higher the complexity the lower the ease of reuse, but the correlation is not significant. When considered independently, four of the reuse design principles: well-defined interface, clarity and understandability, generality, and separate concepts from content significantly increased the ease of reuse while commonality and variability analysis significantly decreased the ease of reuse, and documentation did not have a significant impact on the ease of reuse. Experience in the programming language had no significant relationship with the reusability of components. Experience in software engineering and software reuse showed a relationship with reusability but the effect size was small. Testing components before integrating them into a system was found to have no relationship with the reusability of components. A content analysis of the feedback is presented identifying the challenges of components that were not easy to reuse. Features that make a component easily reusable were also identified. The Mahalanobis-Taguchi Strategy (MTS) was employed to develop a model based on Mahalanobis Distance  to identify the factors that can detect if a component is easy to reuse or not. The identified factors within the model are: size of a component, a set of reuse design principles (well-defined interface, clarity and understandability, commonality and variability analysis, and generality), and component testing.
Ph. D.
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Ghooray, Ganesh Terbenie. "Astrocytic development, astrocytic scar formation and myelin formation as possible factors in loss of rubrospinal plasticity /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487776210791823.

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Cahoon, Joanne M. "Embodying the Gospel we proclaim the spiritual formation of lay ecclesial ministers : foundational principles and guiding insights /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2006. http://www.tren.com.

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Thesis (D. Min.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2006.
Includes abstract and vita. "This thesis project aims to articulate foundational principles and guiding insights for the spiritual formation of lay ecclesial ministers ... within the context of the Catholic Church in the United States."--leaf 1. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 250-259).
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Manfredi, Luca. "Factors and kinetics affecting platelet doublet formation in shear flow." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92377.

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Geier, Henriette. "Environmental and genetic factors leading to Mycobacterium Avium biofilm formation." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/geier/GeierH0508.pdf.

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This dissertation investigated the role of environmental and genetic factors that lead to biofilm formation by the environmental and waterborne pathogen Mycobacterium avium. The bacterium causes respiratory and also cutaneous disease predominantly in immunocompromised patients, but infection also occurs in otherwise healthy individuals. M. avium has been frequently isolated from drinking water and it has been shown that the bacterium forms biofilms in drinking water systems. Biofilms show enhanced resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants and therefore are difficult to combat. Biofilm formation is a complex multistep process, and the bacteria change their physiology quite significantly upon entering the attached life style. The process is initiated by a number of triggers that are of both environmental and microbial origin. In this dissertation, biofilm formation was investigated using three different approaches. Firstly, the effect of the universal quorum-sensing signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2) was investigated. The addition of AI-2 to M. avium cultures results in enhanced biofilm formation and transcriptional studies revealed that the bacterium reacts to the compound with upregulation of the oxidative stress response. Oxidative stress was then directly investigated by addition of hydrogen peroxide, also resulting in enhanced biofilm formation. Therefore, it was concluded that oxidative stress leads to M. avium biofilm formation. Furthermore, the importance of the mycobacterial cell wall was studied by comparing biofilm formation of mutants in cell wall-related proteins with the parent strain. These studies revealed a role in biofilm formation that is dependent on the material properties of the surface. Finally, the effect of other bacterial strains and their metabolic by-products on M. avium biofilm formation was studied, as well as the influence of the medium. Although the presence of other bacteria influenced biofilm formation, concentration of the important co-factor iron was shown to be particularly significant in enhancing the process. Collectively, these data suggest that M. avium biofilm formation is enhanced when the bacterium encounters oxidative stress or other bacteria that may represent potential competitors for nutrients or space. It was also shown that the mycobacterial cell wall plays an important part in the attachment process.
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Bhogal, Rashpal Kaur. "Factors influencing islet amyloid polypeptide degradation, cytotoxicity and fibril formation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401100.

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Smith, Gregory Robert. "Unraveling the Role of Cellular Factors in Viral Capsid Formation." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/475.

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Understanding the mechanisms of virus capsid assembly has been an important research objective over the past few decades. Determining critical points along the pathways by which virus capsids form could prove extremely beneficial in producing more stable DNA vectors or pinpointing targets for antiviral therapy. The inability of current experimental technology to address this objective has resulted in a need for alternative approaches. Theoretical and computational studies offer an unprecedented opportunity for detailed examination of capsid assembly. The Schwartz Lab has previously developed a discrete event stochastic simulator to model virus assembly based upon local rules detailing the geometry and interaction kinetics of individual capsid subunits. Applying numerical optimization methods to learn kinetic rate parameters that fit simulation output to in vitro static light scattering data has been a successful avenue to understand the details of virus assembly systems; however, information describing in vitro assembly processes does not necessarily translate to real virus assembly pathways in vivo. There are a number of important distinctions between experimental and realistic assembly environments that must be addressed to produce an accurate model. This thesis will describe work expanding upon previous parameter estimation algorithms for more complex data over three model icosahedral virus systems: human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV). Then it will consider two important modifications to assembly environment to more accurately reflect in vivo conditions: macromolecular crowding and the presence of nucleic acid about which viruses may assemble. The results of this work led to a number of surprising revelations about the variability in potential assembly rates and mechanisms discovered and insight into how assembly mechanisms are affected by changes in concentration, fluctuations in kinetic rates and adjustments to the assembly environment.
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Rorke, Letisha. "Some factors affecting the cyclic stiffness of railway formation material." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/397362/.

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Engineered pavements are a key part of the transport asset that includes flexible road pavements, railway formations and airport runways. Their design, construction and maintenance need to be economically and environmentally optimised, while meeting serviceability criteria over the design life of the pavement. The main serviceability criteria used for railway track design are the permanent deformation and track stiffness. Subgrade stiffness influences the design depth of ballast and compacted formation layers are used to improve stiffness and reduce stresses induced in the natural subgrade. The track stiffness also influences vehicle/track interaction and wear, energy required for movement, and ride quality. Knowledge of the stiffness is required for safe and economic design of the railway track structure. Several factors influence the stiffness or resilient modulus of compacted formation material including stress state, material type, and soil physical state (density and water content). A laboratory investigation was conducted on a representative subballast material, at a range of water contents, using a Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus and Cyclic Hollow Cylinder Apparatus to investigate these aspects. The resilient modulus of the clayey sand material reduced as the applied deviator stress increased, and increased under higher confining stresses and matric suction. It was found that the resilient modulus increased by a factor of six due to a reduction in water content, and thus the increase in matric suction. Principal stress rotation, representative of train induced stresses, reduced the measured resilient modulus by approximately 13% for optimum water content specimens with reducing influence for dry of optimum specimens. The results from this work emphasise the benefit of matric suction, and thus the need for well drained formation layers. They also highlight the risk of reduced stiffness and increased deformation of railway formation subject to long periods of rainfall or wetting and the potential impact of predicted climate change. Simplified stress path testing using a Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus overestimates resilient modulus, especially for saturated material subject to large number of cycles. However, the use of more advanced testing of the resilient modulus using the Cyclic Hollow Cylinder Apparatus is only suggested where high cyclic shear stresses are expected.
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Nikolov, Ivaylo. "Identifying novel factors involved into heterochromatin formation in budding yeast." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066473.

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Chez la levure à bourgeon, l’établissement de domaines silencieux pour la transcription nécessite le recrutement du complexe SIR (Silencing Information Regulator).Mon travail de thèse s’est attaché à étudier une nouvelle voie d’établissement de la répression transcriptionnelle par les SIRs. Des travaux récents ont montré que la répétition en tandem de protéines fortement liées à l’ADN favorise la mise en silence d’un gène rapporteur voisin (Dubarry et al. 2011).En combinant des approches génétiques et moléculaires, j’ai pu montrer qu’un locus composé de 120 répétitions du site opérateur de l'opéron lactose (lacO) liées par la protéine LacI génère un stress chromatinien local et représente une source d'instabilité génomique. Cette instabilité étant limitée par la recombinaison homologue.Dans la seconde partie de ma thèse, j'ai étudié la dynamique d’établissement de la répression par les complexes lacO/LacI et montré que la répression transcriptionnelle et le recrutement du complexe SIR s'établissent sur plusieurs cycles cellulaires. En outre, mes résultats montrent que le complexe SIR stabilise les nucléosomes au niveau des complexes ADN / protéines de forte affinité.Enfin, deux cribles génétiques m’ont permis d’identifier les complexes HIR et LSM comme des facteurs impliqués dans l’hétérochromatinisation induite par les répétitions lacO/LacI. Les connaissances actuelles de ces complexes étant restreintes à la régulation de la transcription et au post-traitement des ARN messagers, d'autres études seront nécessaires pour disséquer le lien entre ces complexes et l'inhibition transcriptionnelle déclenchée par les complexes lacO /lacI
Silent domains in budding yeast are formed by the recruitment and spreading of the Silent Information Regulator (SIR) complex.Previous studies showed that an array of tight protein-DNA complexes has the ability to trigger SIR dependent silencing of an ectopically placed EADE2I reporter (Dubarry et al. 2011). It was proposed that replication stress arising due to difficulties to replicate the array of tight protein-DNA complexes is the source of this phenomenon. In my work I have demonstrated that an array of 120 lacO repeats tightly bound by a LacI protein is a source of genomic instability. Investigating the genetic requirements for this event, I have demonstrated that homologous recombination pathways maintain the stability of the locus. My work is consistent with previous reports in fission yeast demonstrating that lacO/LacI is a chromatin stress site (Sofueva et al. 2011). As a second part of my PhD project, using an inducible system that I have developed, I followed the dynamics of establishment of silencing of an ectopically placed reporter gene. My results demonstrate that transcriptional silencing in this system takes many cell cycles to be established. Additionally, I have identified a novel role of the SIR proteins in stabilizing nucleosomes. In an attempt to elucidate the functional link between lacO/LacI and EADE2I silencing, I have performed two SGA (synthetic genetic array) screens. I have identified the HIR and LSM complexes involved into transcriptional regulation and mRNA processing respectively, as potential candidates. Further studies will elucidate the role of these factors on lacO/LacI induced silencing
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36

Jones, Chris I. "Haematological and clinical factors influencing thrombus formation, structure and fibrinolysis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29893.

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This work investigates how changes in the thrombus over time, and in the action of platelets, brought about by physiological or therapeutic factors, influence the susceptibility of thrombi to fibrinolysis. Resistance to fibrinolysis increased with thrombus age, and was associated with expression and/or release of FXIII, TAFI, PAI-1, and FXI, by cells within the thrombus, the recruitment of which was largely platelet dependant. Platelets increase resistance to fibrinolysis through release of FXIII and TAFI, and act pro-fibrinolytically through the recruitment of monocytes, and, by a yet undetermined mechanism, when hyper-activated. Overall, the action of platelets is anti-fibrinolytic, as evidenced by the increase in fibrinolysis associated with reduced platelet number or activity. The plasma expander dextran had no discemable direct effect on platelets, although it did significantly increase the generation of plasmin and the rate of fibrinolysis. This, indirectly, led to a reduction in vWF activity and platelet response to thrombin, but not to TRAP, collagen, or ADP, indicating the these effects result non-specific proteolytic cleavage by plasmin. The contrast media lodixanol or lohexol increased both thrombus formation and resistance to fibrinolysis, whilst Ioxaglate inhibited thrombus formation. These change may in part be due to increased degranulation but is more likely to result from their effect on fibrin fibre formation. These data have implications for clinical resolution of occlusive arterial thrombotic events. Thrombolytic therapy may be more successful if targeted to individuals with lower platelet counts or on long term anti-platelet therapy, and if administered rapidly after thrombus formation. Furthermore low dose Dextran therapy maybe a useful adjuvant to pre-hospital thrombolytic therapy.
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Yusupov, M. "Tendencies and factors of word-formation dynamics in German language." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65665.

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The development of language also depends on the development of its word-formation system. Production of new lexical units happens by means of the wordformation models which were historically developed in a certain language.
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38

Rempel, Jane Yevgeniya. "Insights into formation of semiconductor nanocrystals : from first principles calculations to kinetic models of nucleation and growth." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42075.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2008.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-202).
Over the past decade the synthesis of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals of diverse shapes and sizes has sparked tremendous interest in both the industrial and scientific communities. Much of the work thus far has been done by extensive trial-and-error optimization of the chemistry to produce the desired nanocrystalline product. However, despite a tremendous effort in developing adaptable chemistries, the underlying mechanisms leading to nucleation and crystal growth in these systems are still not well understood. This thesis aims to address this challenge by utilizing first principles calculations and mathematical modeling to study the formation of cadmium selenide nanocrystals, the most frequently studied and best characterized nanocrystal system. In the first part of this thesis we investigate the elementary reaction steps that occur in the organic medium during early stages of particle nucleation. In particular, using density functional theory calculations, we probe the mechanism of formation of active growth species and small molecular clusters. We further explore the effect of ligand stabilization on cluster formation. In the second part, we explore reactions occurring on various surfaces of CdSe at later stages of crystal growth using periodic density functional theory calculations. Homoepitaxy and heteroepitaxy reactions on several relaxed and reconstructed wurtzite CdSe surfaces are investigated. Furthermore, the effect of ligand binding on crystal growth is examined using several model ligands. We show that ligands exhibit a range of affinities and selectivities for different facets of CdSe. We relate our findings to experimental observations, in particular, nanocrystal morphology and shape anisotropy. Finally, utilizing experimental and computational insights, we develop a mathematical model that explains both nucleation and growth in the formation of nanocrystals.
(cont.) Cluster formation is modeled using a population balance approach combining discrete and continuous Fokker-Planck rate equations for small and large-sized clusters, respectively. The model explores the relative importance of factors such as temperature, additives, and reaction versus diffusion control on the formation of nanocrystals.
by Jane Yevgeniya Rempel.
Ph.D.
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Caplan, Mark Laurence. "Factors influencing the formation of organic-rich sedimentary facies, example from the Devonian-Carboniferous Exshaw Formation, Alberta, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25027.pdf.

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40

Cuthbertson, Dene Murray. "An investigation of factors involved in the formation of proteoid roots." Adelaide University of Adelaide, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc988.pdf.

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41

Schrader, Jarmo. "Developmental biology of wood formation : finding regulatory factors through functional genomics /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s292.pdf.

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42

劉司司 and Sze-sze Cecilia Lau. "Factors predicting spontaneous formation of implementation plans in cervical cancer screening." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41715019.

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43

Sedighi, Kurosh. "The combustion of fuel oil and the factors influencing pollutant formation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254782.

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Diehl, Alicia Catherine. "Factors affecting disinfection by-product formation during chloramination of drinking water /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008314.

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Lau, Sze-sze Cecilia. "Factors predicting spontaneous formation of implementation plans in cervical cancer screening." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41715019.

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46

Baker, Philip J. "Factors affecting group formation in an urban fox (Vulpes culpes) population." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294128.

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Gallego-Llamas, Jabier. "Retinoic acid and Fibroblast Growth Factors during segmentation and somite formation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13249.

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Au cours de la somitogénèse, l’action combinée d’un oscillateur moléculaire et la progression d’un front de détermination conduit à la formation périodique et synchronisée des somites. La régulation de la somitogénèse est sous le contrôle de plusieurs voies de signalisation dont les voies Notch, Wnt et Fgf. Récemment nous avons montré l’importance de l’acide rétinoïque (AR) dans cette cascade pour le positionnement correct des frontières somitiques de la synchronisation gauche/droite des oscillations moléculaires. L’asymétrie induite par la déficience en AR semble entre autre passer par la régulation du gène Fgf8. De plus, l’analyse par time-lapse d’embryons de zebrafish déficients en AR a montré une dérégulation progressive de la formation des somites. Enfin, l’analyse de gènes Hox et de gènes Cdx a montré la nécessité d’une régulation spatio-temporelle dans la production de l’AR et du Fgf8 pour la formation correcte d’une structure squelettique
Somitogenesis is a process that can be used as a model of body segmentation. The actual model used to describe segmentation is based on a model called the “Clock and Wavefront”. This model is based on a clock made by oscillating gene expression and on a wavefront determined by the gradient of specific genes. This mechanism allows the symmetrical and dynamic formation of the somites that will give rise to several structures among which the axial skeleton. We show that the absence of RA induce asymmetrical somite formation and due to at least the asymmetrical expression of Fgf8 deficiency. Moreover we show that there is a progressive deregulation in the formation of the somites by looking by a timelapse method in a Zebrafish RA-deficiency model. Finally, the analyses of the Hox genes and the Cdx genes demonstrate the necessity to have a correct spatio-temporal production of RA and Fgf8 to manage to form a correct body plan
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48

Wadhawan, Kirty. "Factors Influencing the Formation of Zein and Gum Arabic Complex Coacervates." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27345.

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Complex Coacervates are mixtures of biopolymers such as proteins and polysaccharides. The objectives of this research were to (1) determine the optimum biopolymer ratio and pH for the formation of Zein protein and gum arabic complex coacervates, (2) determine the stability of Zein: GA coacervates as an emulsifier using flax oil, Transglutaminase (Tgase), Tween 80, and Span 80 (surfactants), and (3) determine optimum temperature for the stability of formed Zein: GA complex coacervates. The optimum ratio, pH and temperature were determined using turbidimetric and Zeta (?) potential analysis. Analysis confirmed the formation of stable Zein: GA coacervates at ratio 2:1, at pH 4.5 ? 0.05 and most stable at temperature 25 ? 2 ?C. Zeta (?) potential analysis also confirmed the formation of stable emulsion using Zein: GA coacervates at 5% Tgase and 25% Span 80. Therefore, Zein: GA complex coacervates could be used as an emulsifier in food industry.
North Dakota Corn and Soybean Councils
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49

Krügel, André. "Eye movement control during reading : factors and principles of computing the word center for saccade planning." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2015/7259/.

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Reading is a complex cognitive task based on the analyses of visual stimuli. Due to the physiology of the eye, only a small number of letters around the fixation position can be extracted with high visual acuity, while the visibility of words and letters outside this so-called foveal region quickly drops with increasing eccentricity. As a consequence, saccadic eye movements are needed to repeatedly shift the fovea to new words for visual word identification during reading. Moreover, even within a foveated word fixation positions near the word center are superior to other fixation positions for efficient word recognition (O’Regan, 1981; Brysbaert, Vitu, and Schroyens, 1996). Thus, most reading theories assume that readers aim specifically at word centers during reading (for a review see Reichle, Rayner, & Pollatsek, 2003). However, saccades’ landing positions within words during reading are in fact systematically modulated by the distance of the launch site from the word center (McConkie, Kerr, Reddix, & Zola, 1988). In general, it is largely unknown how readers identify the center of upcoming target words and there is no computational model of the sensorimotor translation of the decision for a target word into spatial word center coordinates. Here we present a series of three studies which aim at advancing the current knowledge about the computation of saccade target coordinates during saccade planning in reading. Based on a large corpus analyses, we firstly identified word skipping as a further factor beyond the launch-site distance with a likewise systematic and surprisingly large effect on within-word landing positions. Most importantly, we found that the end points of saccades after skipped word are shifted two and more letters to the left as compared to one-step saccades (i.e., from word N to word N+1) with equal launch-site distances. Then we present evidence from a single saccade experiment suggesting that the word-skipping effect results from highly automatic low-level perceptual processes, which are essentially based on the localization of blank spaces between words. Finally, in the third part, we present a Bayesian model of the computation of the word center from primary sensory measurements of inter-word spaces. We demonstrate that the model simultaneously accounts for launch-site and saccade-type contingent modulations of within-word landing positions in reading. Our results show that the spatial saccade target during reading is the result of complex estimations of the word center based on incomplete sensory information, which also leads to specific systematic deviations of saccades’ landing positions from the word center. Our results have important implications for current reading models and experimental reading research.
Lesen ist eine komplexe kognitive Aufgabe, die auf der Analyse visueller Reize beruht. Aufgrund der Physiologie des Auges kann jedoch nur eine kleine Anzahl von Buchstaben um den Fixationsort mit hoher visueller Genauigkeit wahrgenommen werden, während die Sichtbarkeit der Buchstaben und Wörter außerhalb der sogenannten fovealen Zone mit zunehmender Entfernung stark abnimmt. Während des Lesens sind deshalb sakkadische Augenbewegungen erforderlich, um die Fovea zur visuellen Identifikation neuer Wörter wiederholt innerhalb des Textes zu verschieben. Auch innerhalb eines direkt betrachteten Wortes erlauben mittige Fixationsorte eine effizientere Wortverarbeitung als randnahe Blickpositionen (O’Regan, 1981; Brysbaert, Vitu, and Schroyens, 1996). Die meisten Lesemodelle nehmen deshalb an, dass Leser auf die Mitte von Worten zielen (für eine Übersicht siehe Reichle, Rayner, & Pollatsek, 2003). Es zeigt sich aber, dass Landepositionen innerhalb von Wörtern im Lesen von der Distanz der Startposition einer Sakkade zur Mitte des Zielwortes moduliert werden (McConkie, Kerr, Reddix, & Zola, 1988). Noch ist weitgehend unklar, wie Leser die Mitte eines Zielwortes identifizieren. Es fehlt an computationalen Modellen die die sensumotorische Umwandlung der Auswahl eines Zielwortes in eine räumliche Koordinate der Wortmitte beschreiben. Wir präsentieren hier eine Reihe von drei Studien, die darauf abzielen, das Wissen über die Berechnung von Sakkadenzielkoordinaten im Lesen zu erweitern. In einer umfangreichen Korpusanalyse identifizerten wir zunächst das Überspringen von Wörtern als weiteren wichtigen Faktor bei der Sakkadenprogrammierung, der einen ähnlich systematischen und großen Effekt auf die Landepositionen hat wie die Startpositionen der Sakkaden. Anschließend zeigen wir Ergebnisse eines einfachen Sakkadenexperiments, welche nahelegen, dass der Effekt übersprungener Wörter das Ergebnis hoch automatisierter perzeptueller Prozesse ist, die wesentlich auf der Bestimmung von Leerzeichen zwischen Wörtern basieren. Schließlich präsentieren wir ein Bayesianisches Modell der Berechnung von Wortmitten auf der Grundlage der primären sensorischen Erfassungen von Leerzeichen zwischen Wörtern. Wir zeigen, dass das Modell gleichzeitig Effekte der Startposition und des Sakkadentyps erklärt. Unsere Arbeiten zeigen, dass die Berechnung räumlicher Koordinaten für die Sakkadenprogrammierung im Lesen auf einer komplexen Schätzung der Wortmitte anhand unvollständiger sensorischer Informationen beruht, die zu systematischen Abweichungen von der tatsächlichen Wortmitte führt. Unsere Ergebnisse haben wichtige Folgen für gegenwärtige Lesemodelle und für die experimentelle Leseforschung.
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50

Le, Duy. "First Principles Studies of Pattern Formations and Reactions on Catalyst Surfaces." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5390.

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This dissertation undertakes theoretical research into the adsorption, pattern formation, and reactions of atoms, molecules, and layered materials on catalyst surfaces. These investigations are carried out from first-principles calculations of electronic and geometric structures using density functional theory (DFT) for predictions and simulations at the atomic scale. The results should be useful for further study of the catalytic activities of materials and for engineering functional nanostructures. The first part of the dissertation focuses on systematic first-principles simulations of the energetic pathways of CO oxidation on the Cu2O(100) surface. These simulations show CO to oxidize spontaneously on the O-terminated Cu2O(100) surface by consuming surface oxygen atoms. The O-vacancy on Cu2O(100) then is subsequently healed by dissociative adsorption of atmospheric O2 molecules. The second part discusses the pattern formation of hydrogen on two and three layers of Co film grown on the Cu(111) surface. It is found that increasing the pressure of H2 changes the hydrogen structure from 2H-(2 x 2) to H-p(1 x 1) through an intermediate structure of 6H-(3 x 3). The third part compares the results of different ways of introducing van der Waals (vdW) interactions into DFT simulations of the adsorption and pattern formation of various molecules on certain substrates. Examinations of the physisorption of five nucleobases on graphene and of n-alkane on Pt(111) demonstrate the importance of taking vdW interactions into account, and of doing so in a way that is best suited to the particular system in question. More importantly, as the adsorption of 1,4 diaminebenzene molecules on Au(111) shows inclusion of vdW interactions is crucial for accurate simulation of the pattern formation. The final part carries out first-principles calculations of the geometric and electronic structure of the Moire pattern of a single layer of Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on Cu(111). The results reveal three possible stacking types. They also demonstrate that the MoS2 layer to be chemisorbed, albeit weakly, and that, while Cu surface atoms are vertically disordered, the layer itself is not strongly buckled.
ID: 031001492; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Talat S. Rahman.; Title from PDF title page (viewed July 25, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-140).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Physics
Sciences
Physics
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