Dissertations / Theses: 'Factors Influencing Consumer Perception'

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Mahalder, Krisnendu, and Syed Millatur Rahman. "Factors Influencing Consumer Perception Regarding Cosmetics Purchase : A study on Bangladeshi consumers." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35251.

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Aim and method: This study aims to investigate the consumer behavior of the cosmetics customers and the consumer perception about the available local and foreign branded cosmetics products in Bangladesh. To achieve the purpose of the study, an effective mixture of qualitative and quantitative method has been utilized by conducting interviews and online survey with local businesspersons and consumers of cosmetics in Bangladesh respectively. Result and conclusion: Consumer perception regarding cosmetics products in Bangladesh is influenced by seven factors identified in this study. They are country of origin, psychological attributes of the consumers, place where product is sold, external attributes, quality, consumers’ own characteristics and finally increased disposable income of the consumers. We identified all but one of these factors from the existing literature and our analysis showed that findings of the existing literature support our study. One new factor found in the course of this study is that the increasing number of middle to affluent consumers in Bangladesh is another crucial factor that motivates consumer perception towards cosmetics in the context of Bangladesh. Contribution: The study contributes to literature coherent with consumer behavior and consumer perception regarding the customers of cosmetics products in Bangladesh. As the literature has remained unexplored in context of Bangladesh, this paper would be an insight for local and foreign branded cosmetics regarding how the consumers see the market and the factors that influence their purchase, preference and loyalty decisions. Furthermore, through the findings of the study, recommendations can be prescribed for the local cosmetics manufacturers to strengthen their market share in the future.

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Gomes, Filipe Gonçalo Ferreira. "O prazer associado ao consumo de alimentos e factores influenciadores." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4616.

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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
Os indivíduos quando sujeitos a várias sensações transmitem respostas que surgem de reacções fisiológicas resultantes de certos estímulos, gerando a interpretação das propriedades intrínsecas aos alimentos, sendo a análise sensorial realizada em função dessas respostas individuais. As sensações são medidas por efeitos psicológicos, podendo dimensionar a intensidade, extensão, qualidade, duração, gosto ou desgosto em relação ao alimento avaliado, e os estímulos são medidos por processos físicos e químicos. Neste processo, os indivíduos, através dos seus órgãos sensitivos, numa percepção somato-sensorial, utilizam os cinco sentidos: paladar, visão, olfacto, tato e audição. Este estudo de investigação teve como tema “O prazer associado ao consumo de alimentos e factores influenciadores”, apresentando como objectivo principal o estudo da percepção do prazer associado ao consumo dos alimentos e os factores influenciadores ao mesmo comportamento. Também se pretendeu estudar de que forma os sujeitos percepcionam o prazer durante a sua alimentação, identificar as qualidades sensoriais dos alimentos e das bebidas que definam as preferências dos consumidores, nomeadamente, as bases químicas, físicas e cognitivas da percepção. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo correlacional, com recurso a um questionário como técnica de recolha de dados, numa amostra de 51 indivíduos, sendo estes clientes habituais da farmácia Ribeira do Neiva, do concelho de Vila Verde, distrito de Braga. Os dados obtidos foram registados e tratados no software IBM SPSS®20.0, tendo-se realizado análise estatística univariada e bivariada. A análise univariada realizou-se recorrendo à determinação de frequências, bem como a medidas de tendência central e de dispersão e para análise bivariada utilizou-se o teste de independência do qui-quadrado. O nível de significância utilizado foi p≤0,05. Da amostra estudada 59,1% dos indivíduos do género feminino apresentaram um IMC dentro do intervalo para peso normal, já no género masculino 69,0% apresentaram um IMC acima dos valores considerados para peso normal. O hábito do consumo de alimentos ricos em gordura e açúcares verificou-se em 78,4% e 70,6% da amostra estudada, respectivamente. Procedendo-se a uma análise por género, verificou-se que os alimentos mais consumidos pelo género feminino foram sobretudo os legumes (50,0%) e a fruta (27,3%). Os indivíduos do género masculino optaram maioritariamente pela carne (51,7%) e fruta (17,2%). Estatisticamente verificou-se uma relação entre a escolha do alimento mais consumido e o género (p=0,007), opção que por vezes se encontra associada à auto-estima do género feminino. Quando questionados se a cor de um alimento interferia na escolha desse mesmo alimento quando o iam consumir, 54,5% das mulheres e 75,9% dos homens referiu que a cor não intervém na escolha. No entanto verificou-se uma relação significativamente estatística em ambos os sexos, entre o alimento que mais gostam (p=0,029) ou consomem (p=0,000) e a cor que mais lhes agradavam num alimento. A melhoria dos hábitos alimentares dos indivíduos estudados deve passar pela redução na escolha de alimentos ricos em gorduras e açúcares e no aumento da prática de exercício físico, sendo fulcral, a intervenção de profissionais de saúde que alertem para a importância de uma alimentação equilibrada, com vista a promoção da saúde e a prevenção do aparecimento de patologias associadas.
Individuals when subjected to various sensations convey answers arising from physiological reactions resulting from certain stimuli, generating the interpretation of the intrinsic properties of the foods, and the sensory evaluation carried out in light of these individual responses. The sensations are measured by psychological effects, which can scale the intensity, extent, quality, duration, taste or distaste for the assessed food, and the stimuli are measured by physical and chemical processes. In this process, individuals, through their sensory organs, in a somatosensory perception, use the five senses: taste, sight, smell, touch and hearing. This research study had as its theme "The pleasure associated with the consumption of food and influencing factors", with the main objective to study the perception of pleasure associated with the consumption of food and the factors influencing the same behavior. It is also intended to study how subjects perceive pleasure during their feeding, to identify the sensory qualities of foods and drinks that define consumer preferences, including the bases of chemical, physical and cognitive perception. This was a descriptive correlational study, using a questionnaire as a data collection technique, a sample of 51 individuals, these being regular customers pharmacy Ribeira do Neiva, in the municipality of Vila Verde, in Braga district. The data were recorded and processed in IBM ® SPSS 20.0 software, having performed univariate statistical and bivariate analysis. Univariate analysis was performed using the determination of frequencies, as well as measures of central tendency and dispersion and the bivariate analysis was used the test for independence chi-square. Significance level used was p≤0.05. 59.1% of the studied population of the female individuals had a BMI within the range for normal weight, since in males 69.0% had a BMI above the values considered for normal weight. The habit of consuming foods high in fat and sugars checked in 78.4% and 70.6% of the population respectively. Proceeding to an analysis by gender, it was found that the most consumed foods by females were mainly vegetables (50.0%) and fruit (27.3%). The individuals of the male gender opted mostly for meat (51.7%) and fruit (17.2%). Statistically there was a relationship between the choice of the most consumed food and gender (p = 0.007), this option being sometimes associated with self-esteem of the females. When asked if the color of a food interfered with the choice of food even when they were going consume 54.5% of women and 75.9% of men reported that the color is not involved in the choice. Nevertheless there was a statistically significant relation for both genders, between the food they like best (p = 0.029) or consume (p = 0.000) and the color that pleased them in a food. Improving dietary habits of the subjects must pass by a reduction in choice of foods high in fats and sugars and an increase in physical exercise, being crucial, the intervention of health professionals who warn of the importance of a balanced diet, with view to promoting health and preventing the onset of associated diseases.

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Bridglall, Shenai. "Analysing factors influencing purchase intentions, perception and culture for consumers of women’s luxury footwear in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29406.

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Consumer behaviour and purchase intention are some of the most discussed topics in marketing academia and practice alike. A rich and constantly developing body of literature complements this field. However, even though many theories exist, one’s understanding remains limited in some areas. The motivation for conducting this study was attributable to the researcher’s experience who has worked with luxury footwear brands in South Africa, Europe and Asia. In addition, marketers’ failure to understand consumer buying behaviour and purchase intentions are difficult tasks that have driven the researcher to undertake this study. The primary objective was to determine the factors that influenced the purchase intentions of consumers of luxury footwear This study explored South Africa and the literature around propositions of the model of purchase intentions proposed by Vigneron and Johnson through a positivist lens. Data was collected using Elle South Africa’s Instagram social media networking platform. A total of 1350 participants were involved in the survey, which was only limited to Cape Town and Johannesburg. Only 200 participants met the criteria of women spending money on luxury footwear. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used in this study because the sample elements were readily available using the Elle South Africa Instagram social networking platform. Quantitative data was analysed through Structural Equation Modelling and the findings were presented in frequency tables. The results showed that culture moderated the relationships between luxury perception and the purchase intention for consumers of luxury women’s footwear; extrinsic factors were more relevant than intrinsic factors in the purchasing of luxury footwear; and that luxury perception positively influences the purchase intentions for consumers of the luxury footwear market in South Africa. Knowing what motivates women’s purchase intentions is critical to growing brand customer bases, which is possible through improving market segmentation. Suggestions for improving segmentation are possible through greater definition of variables. Additional research was suggested to establish details which encourage this market to buy luxury footwear brands. This is particularly important in terms of South Africa, which is home to many different cultures where these ethnic groups are confined to a small region. Customers need to be able to make trade-offs between intrinsic and extrinsic factors and costs in this market, which is critical knowledge especially in economic downturns.

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RACHERLA, PRADEEP. "FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS' TRUST PERCEPTIONS OF ONLINE PRODUCT REVIEWS: A STUDY OF THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY ONLINE PRODUCT REVIEW SYSTEMS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/14219.

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Business Administration
Ph.D.
Online word-of-mouth (WOM) platforms have been referred to by various terms such as online communities, feedback systems, peer reputation systems, or consumer generated media. Such systems provide a global platform for customers to share their experiences, and also rate service providers. WOM systems are burgeoning on the Internet for products such as music and books (Amazon.com), news (Slashdot.org), consumer electronics (shopping.com), tourism and travel (Tripadvisor.com; Hotels.com), and many other products and services. As with the traditional WOM, numerous studies have shown that these systems have a significant impact on customer decision making process, their satisfaction with goods and services, and the overall value of online economic transactions. In this study, the primary focus were the product review systems (PRS). These review systems are less personal but more ubiquitous platforms for online WOM wherein consumers post reviews about the products/services they have consumed. These reviews are widely accessible to other consumers but are disseminated only when other consumer consult these reviews during the purchasing process. However, there are still numerous problems associated with these systems. Recent studies have shown that there are numerous instances of deceptive information provided by service providers themselves or customers who have been paid by commercial parties. Added to this is the problem of anonymity in a computer mediated environment that adds to the already existing uncertainty for the consumer. Further, each review system consists of hundreds of consumer reviews associated with any given product or service. Given that consumers face these numerous problems, research is yet to examine the factors that drive the consumers develop trust in these reviews, and base their purchasing decisions on the information gleaned from the review systems. The main objective of this study was to explore this interesting phenomenon. To this end, this study applied uncertainty reduction theory and Social identity theory to delineate certain aspects of the online reviews that might have an impact on the consumer's assessment of online product reviews. Based on these theories, it was hypothesized that the informational content of the review and social component of the review (individuals' identity information disclosure and the consumers' perceived similarity with this information) have a significant effect on the consumers' trust in a review and subsequently the purchase intention. Further, based on the elaboration likelihood model, it was also posited that consumers' use of these heuristics is more salient while evaluating high involvement products than low involvement products. To test the hypotheses, the study adopted a quasi-experimental design with 2x2 (2 levels each for information content and social component within-subjects) x 2 (2 involvement modes between-subjects) full factorial design. Based on two levels for each of these factors, four reviews similar to those found in sites such as tripadvisor.com were created. A total of 283 students (153 in high involvement mode and 130 in low involvement mode) evaluated these reviews and assigned trust scores as well purchase intention scores to each review. The data was analyzed using linear mixed models and structural equation modeling. The results showed that both the main effects, information content of the review, and the consumers' perceived social identity with the reviewer contribute to an increased trust in the reviews. The study data did not support the hypothesis that involvement of the activity moderates the above mentioned relationships. Within this, information content was found to be playing an important role in both the involvement modes whereas the social component explained more variance in the trust in the high involvement mode than low involvement mode. Some of the results concur with previous research in both traditional and online WOM. The significance of these results in the extant literature as well their implications for both product review system providers as well tourism and hospitality service providers are discussed in detail.
Temple University--Theses

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Johnsson, Östergren Amanda, and Linnea Alldrin. "Student Perspectives of Social Media Brands: Facebook and Instagram : Factors Influencing Brand Success." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88877.

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Branding is an influential aspect a company can have to gain the attention of their customers. It is often said that, “Your brand is your promise to your customer”, because the brand is a confirmation that the product or service you are selling matches the expectations of the customer and their wants or needs (Grosdidier, 2012). From a consumer perspective, branding helps direct customers in choosing what they want to buy (Tarnovskaya and Bertilsson, 2017). This way, they spend less time focusing on the type of product and its qualities, because they can instead look at the products they are already familiar with instantly and purchase with little processing time (ibid). Not all companies are successful with branding and even successful companies run into issues. Customers usually determine if they like or dislike a brand, which means a brands main purpose should be to make their customers happy. It is important for businesses to give their customers a promising message and stay consistent to their brand. Facebook and Instagram are both influential brand names to the face of consumers in the area of social networking. Both companies have over a billion site visits per day and their consumer usage has rapidly grown since Facebook’s first opening in 2004 and the grand opening of Instagram in 2010. In 2012, Kevin Systrom sold Instagram to Facebook for $1 billion dollars. Since the sales, both companies now average around the same market share and took place for the largest social media sites with the highest number of users, now above competitors Snapchat and Twitter (Barr, 2018). The purpose of this research is to identify and describe key factors that has made Facebook and Instagram successful in the perspective of university students. In addition, the findings will aim to discover key factors of success in branding that continually influence them to use social media sites such as Facebook and Instagram daily. Conclusions of the study were that Facebook and Instagram both have success factors that are the same and some factors that are different. Facebook and Instagram’s success factors based on the research include an easy to use platform and the ability to connect with friends and family. Instagram had a few other strong success factors including its visual display of pictures instead of word content and their smoothly designed mobile app. Facebook lacked in both of these areas that Instagram excelled in. This made Facebook the weaker social media site when compared with Instagram.

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Rodrigues, Ricardo Felipe Ferreira. "Factors influencing consumer decision in crowdfunding." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13511.

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Crowdfunding is a recent and emerging method of raising capital for the development of projects (both profit and non-profit oriented) without traditional intermediation of financial institutions, freeing entrepreneurs from the costs, regulation and paperwork associated with it. Besides, it is also a method of pre-testing new products to a selected and enthusiastic audience. The objective of this dissertation is to understand what factors are influencing the consumer decision to fund projects. The literature review contributes with: (1) intrinsic factors, like desire for patronage; (2) extrinsic factors, like presentation of the project; and (3) social pressure. There are also factors associated with current level of funding and number of funders, as well as type of project involved, being it charity or not. Moreover, attitudes also play a role into affecting the decision to fund. To answer the research question, a two phase methodology was used: a qualitative survey that captured intention to fund and motivations from different interviewees, in order to build up a decision process that encompassed all possibilities described by the literature. After the qualitative survey, a quantitative research was employed to validate the insights generated by the qualitative phase and collect further data in order to generate the association between intention to fund and behaviors. Among the insights generated by the qualitative phase were the fact that most funders had the primary motivation to buy the product being offered as if they were pre-ordering. However, this was not the main reason for the charity funder. Additionally, the respondents that pre-ordered products did so for the single reason that these products sufficed needs that they had. These needs greatly varied, from missing traditional old games to solving a wallet organization problem. Another characteristic of the pre-orders is that they would not give small pledges, for the sole reason that they would not receive the product in exchange. Rewards played a big role into luring the respondents in funding more than they previously considered. This was also true for the charity donor respondent, who also donated more. The quantitative phase confirmed the insights above and generated extra information on association and categories. Charity and Art projects concentrated the majority of respondents saying that the reason to invest was basically helping to develop the project without demanding material reward in exchange. However, other projects such as Music also presented high numbers of donation-like behavior, possible given the emotional involvement between funder and artist. Other categories presented a mix of reasons to fund or skewed towards buying the product only, which can be explained by rewards effects and the fact that the categories involved are basically selling products. The quantitative survey also confirmed the main sources used to get to know the projects: recommendation and forums and blogs were also in this survey the main sources used. Another outcome of this phase was the development of factors through attitudinal statements that could explain the intention to fund. Six factors were created, namely Enthusiasm (for crowdfunding), Exclusivity (buying rewards), Charitable (small pledges to help funding), Caution (similar to the diffusion of responsibility, that is, waiting for more funders to give the first step), Intimacy (project was recommended or emotional attachment to the creator) and Sharing (actively sharing in order to also help bring more funders to finish the project). Categories that have high emotional involvement presented association also with intimacy, like music, film and technology. Given the fact that the sample did not have many enthusiastic for crowdfunding, this factor did not show any association with any categories. Categories that do not provide products in return, such as food and photography, presented high levels of association with the charitable factor. Sharing is highly associated with technology, given the fact that this category concentrates respondents that are more innovation-driven and enthusiastic about the product, so they need to share and generate word of mouth in order to help reach the funding goal.
Crowdfunding é um método recente e emergente de captar dinheiro para desenvolvimento de projetos (tanto orientados a lucro ou não) sem a intermediação tradicional de instituições financeiras, liberando empreendedores de custos, regulações e burocracia associada a essa prática. Além disso, também é um método de pré-testar novos produtos com um público selecionado e entusiasmado. O objetivo dessa dissertação é entender que fatores estão influenciando a decisão do consumidor de investir em projetos. A literatura contribui com: (1) fatores intrínsecos, como desejo de patronagem; (2) fatores extrínsecos, como a apresentação do projeto; e (3) pressão social. Há ainda fatores associados com o nível atual de captação e número de investidores, assim como tipo de projeto envolvido, sendo ele de caridade ou não. Além disso, atitudes também possuem um papel em afetar a decisão de compra. Para responder a pergunta de pesquisa, uma metodologia de duas fases foi usada: uma entrevista de profundidade para capturar intenção de investir e motivação, de forma a construir um processo de decisão que englobasse todas as possibilidades descritas pela literatura. Após essa pesquisa qualitativa, uma pesquisa quantitativa foi feita para validar as informações coletadas pela fase anterior e coletar dados adicionais para gerar uma associação entre intenção de investir e comportamento. Dentre as informações geradas pela fase qualitativa, temos o fato que a maioria dos investidores tiveram como principal motivação a compra do produto sendo oferecido como se eles estivessem participando de uma pré-venda. Entretanto, essa não foi a principal razão para o investidor de caridade. Além disso, os respondentes que pré-compraram os produtos o fizeram para única razão que esses produtos satisfizeram desejos que tinham. Esses desejos variavam, sendo desde saudade de jogos antigos como resolver um problema de organização da carteira. Outra característica da pré-compra foi que eles não investiam valores simbólicos, pela razão que se o fizessem não receberiam o produto em troca. Recompensas tiveram um grande papel em atrair os respondentes para investimento em valores maiores que consideravam anteriormente. Também é verdade para o investidor em caridade, que também doou mais. A fase quantitativa confirmou as informações acima e gerou informação extra sobre as categorias de produto. Projetos de caridade e arte concentraram a maioria dos respondentes que disseram que a principal razão para investir foi basicamente ajudar a desenvolver o projeto sem demandar um produto em retorno. Entretanto, outros projetos como Música também apresentaram altos números de comportamento caridoso, possivelmente por causa do envolvimento emocional com o artista. Outras categorias apresentaram um mix de razões para investir ou enviesado a comprar o produto apenas, o que pode ser explicado pelo efeito de recompensas e pelo fato que essas categorias estão simplesmente pré-vendendo produtos. Essa pesquisa também confirmou as principais fontes usadas para conhecer mais sobre os projetos: recomendação pessoal e blogs e fóruns. Outro resultado dessa fase foi o desenvolvimento de fatores a partir de frases atitudinais que puderam explicar intenção de investir. Seis fatores foram criados: Entusiasmo (por crowdfunding), Exclusividade (compra de recompensas), Caridade (doações pequenas para ajudar o desenvolvimento do projeto), Cautela (similar à difusão de responsabilidade, isto é, espera por mais investidores para dar o primeiro passo), Intimidade (projeto foi recomendado ou há ligação emocional com o criador) e Compartilhamento (compartilhar para ajudar a trazer mais investidores para o projeto). Categorias com alto envolvimento emocional apresentaram associação com Intimidade, como música, filme e tecnologia. Dado o fato que a amostra não continha muitos entusiastas por crowdfunding, esse fator não apresentou qualquer associação com as categorias. Categorias que não entregam produtos em troca, como comida e fotografia, apresentaram altos níveis de associação com o fator caridade. Compartilhamento é altamente associado com tecnologia, dado o fato que essa categoria concentra os respondentes que são mais orientados à inovação e entusiastas sobre o produto, então precisam compartilhar e gerar boca-a-boca para ajudar a atingir a meta de investimento.

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Mörhed, Jakob, Jennica Karlsson, and Stephanie Kulik. "Ecological Consumer : A study on the factors influencing the ecological consumer." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9553.

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Ecological issues are current topics which consumers face in every-day life. The growing awareness by the consumers that they can have an impact on protection of the environment, animals and their own health is the reason of the growing market of ecological products (Kinnear, Talor and Ahmed, 1974; Polonsky, 1994). According to the Swedish consumer agency the agricultural sector had increased highly since the 1990s. Hence the companies had increased its market activities significant under the last decade (Konsumentverket, 2007).

It appears more and more that the most important aspect for competitive positioning of companies providing ecological food is to understand the factors which drive consumers to purchase ecological food products. The KRAV label appears as an essential part of market ecological food. In this context it is very interesting to identify in which degree the consumer is affected by the third-party label KRAV.

The purpose of the paper is to identify information about the ecological consumer as well as the factors that influence consumers to buy ecological food products and in this context examine the awareness and importance of ecological labels, in Jönköping County.

The thesis is limited in its geographical area because the consumer survey is done in several cities in Jönköping County. The thesis considers general the ecological food industry and does not include other ecological industries such as clothes or furniture.

By studying former surveys and conducting a previous study a survey questionnaire was developed. 102 respondents from Jönköpings County were asked to fill in this questionnaire. The collected data were evaluated with the statistical program SPSS. Analysis of variance, correlation analysis and descriptive analysis were used.

The authors have got the impression that the ecological consumer in Jönköping County is mostly female and higher educated. The most important factors that influence the consumer positively to choose the ecological products are healthiness, environmental friendliness and better taste. If products do not include pesticides and are produced “animal friendly” it also influence the consumer positive. Negative factors that influence consumers are still a too high price, unavailability and bad/no information.

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Hasan, Maher Mohamad. "Factors influencing Consumer Behaviour on the Czech Market." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16370.

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The important problems for marketing companies in the Czech Republic are how to exposure determinants that lead consumer to decision of buying certain products and which factors influence the consumer purchasing, Through this, Czech marketing companies can understand deeply their consumer behaviour and issue suitable strategies so they can develop their companies and whole industry more. The objective of the study is: To exploit the factors that influence buying decision when buying certain product (water) for young consumers in the Czech market. This thesis contributes to the current academic research through; 1. It can identify the factors affecting the consumer behaviour in the Czech market for a certain product. 2. It can contribute to the next academic research as a reference. 3. Researches can use the findings to gain deep understanding of the consumer decision when buying certain product categories in the Czech Republic.

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Abed, Salma Seraj. "Exploring factors influencing consumer intention to use social commerce." Thesis, Swansea University, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.764190.

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Greenwalt, Erin M. "Factors Influencing Chinese Consumer Choice of English Training Schools." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338386682.

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Fu, Qingchen, and Yue Yuan. "Factors influencing Chinese consumer behavior purchasing clothes online in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19946.

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Suh, Bo Won. "Factors influencing consumers' perceptions, intention to purchase and realised purchase behaviour for organic food in South Korea." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2873/.

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Valado, Martha Trenna. "Factors Influencing Homeless People's Perception and Use of Urban Space." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195017.

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In recent years, cities worldwide have employed various tactics to control homeless people's use of urban space. Yet such measures never fully accomplish their goal, because homeless people develop ways to adapt the hostile landscape. In so doing, they not only respond to tactics of spatial control but they also create their own conceptions of urban space that serve to compensate for the structural systems that fail or even punish them. Thus, just as legal categories of property ownership leave homeless people without access to private spaces, they in turn create their own concepts of ownership and continually seek to privatize public space. Whereas legal restrictions are passed that criminalize homelessness in order to protect housed urban residents' "quality-of-life," homeless people develop tactics to protect themselves from the dangers of street life. Just as municipal authorities remove various amenities and add deterrents to try to prevent the use of certain locations, homeless people are attracted and repelled by features that are often beyond the control of authorities. While social services are relocated to encourage either spatial dispersion or concentration, homeless people build internal support networks that often serve their short-term needs better than social services. In short, homeless people not only respond to spatial control tactics in a variety of ways but also create their own landscape that often frustrates attempts to control their use of space. Drawing on interviews with 60 homeless people in Tucson, Arizona, this dissertation attempts to shed light on both these facets of street life, revealing that homeless people constantly strategize to find or make private, safe, functional, comfortable, and supportive places for themselves in a landscape designed to exclude them. Findings indicate that restrictive urban polices aimed at controlling the movements and actions of street people are not only ineffective but also exacerbate the problem of homelessness. These policies have the greatest impact on newly homeless individuals, pushing them toward existing street community in order to access vital information and support networks.

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Belinskaya, Yulia. "Outdoor Advertising and Gender Differences : Factors Influencing Perception and Attitudes." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-120367.

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The thesis examines attitudes towards outdoor advertising, with strong emphasis on gender-based differences. The research intends to reveal the most influencing factors, including gender, format, different images and recall. Earlier researchers have argued that females are inclined to rate advertisements more positively than men. Five different, but interconnected studies, one content analysis and four surveys, were implicated in order to measure the responses to advertising. It is further suggested that positive attitude towards outdoor advertising affects the purchase intent. The theme of sexualised advertising is also discussed within this research. After detailed examination of the advertisements in the centre of St. Petersburg it was concluded that females’ rating is considerably more positive compared to males in the situation of high processing opportunity. However, men were more positive when respondents were asked about more general attitudes to outdoor advertising. Recall of advertising was studied within the field settings and showed that women indeed demonstrate better visual memory. Such factors as format, content were proved to have influence on the recall. In addition, different visual preferences were tested within one study. The findings prove that gender differences in perception of outdoor advertising do exist and should be taken into consideration by advertisers in order to raise the effectiveness of advertising campaigns.

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Dippenaar, Hendrik. "Factors influencing customer retention in the financial planning industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020809.

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As financial planners operate in a competitive business environment, it is important to identify how financial planners can apply relevant industry aspects to positively influence their customer satisfaction and customer retention levels. Although models of customer satisfaction and subsequently customer retention have been well researched for consumer products and services, there has been limited research in regards to financial planning. Previous research in the financial planning industry focussed on specific elements of financial planner-client relationships, for example trust, integrity and ethics. This research study reviews existing literature on customer satisfaction and customer retention, as relevant to the financial planning industry. Thus the primary objective of this study is to investigate the extent to which the four predetermined independent variables; namely, two-way communication, ethical responsibility, clients’ financial knowledge and commission fees can possibly influence the intervening variable customer satisfaction and ultimately the dependent variable customer retention in the financial planning industry. An empirical investigation was undertaken to establish whether the independent variables; namely, two-way communication, ethical responsibility, clients’ financial knowledge and commission fees can possibly influence customer satisfaction and ultimately customer retention in the financial planning industry. A positivistic research paradigm was followed for this study. Quantitative data was gathered by distributing questionnaires to a sample of financial planning clients. The sample size consisted of 250 financial planning clients in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan area. A response rate of 76.40 percent was achieved. The usable questionnaires were statistically analysed using the computer programmes Microsoft Excel and Statistica Version 10. The validity of the study was confirmed by utilising EFA. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated to confirm the reliability and the internal consistency of the measurement instrument of this study. Data was analysed in four phases. Descriptive statistics were calculated for this study. The validity of the measuring instrument was tested by performing EFA to consider construct validity. Thereafter the internal reliability of the data was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficients and multiple regression calculations were calculated and discussed. Through multiple regression calculations, the factors that emerged were used to analyse the relationships predicted by the five hypotheses. Finally t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted and discussed. The empirical investigation revealed that significant relationships exist between the independent variables two-way communication, ethical responsibility, commission fees and the intervening variable customer satisfaction as well as the dependent variable customer retention. The empirical investigation revealed that if a financial planner communicates financial information accurately and understandably to clients while acting in an ethical manner, clients are likely to be satisfied with the products/services of the financial planner and be retained by the financial planner. This study established and confirmed the significant positive relationship that exists between customer satisfaction and customer retention in the financial planning industry. Recommendations have been provided based on the main empirical findings. All financial planners in South Africa, including all the regulatory bodies, will benefit from the empirical findings as well as the recommendations of this study on how to improve customer satisfaction and customer retention which will ultimately increase service delivery of financial planners in the financial planning industry.

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Suwanpimon, Chantharat, and Narukod Theerabanchorn. "Factors influencing Swedish consumer decisions to buy holiday home in Thailand." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Mälardalen University, Mälardalen University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9867.

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ABSTRACT

Date: May 28^th, 2010

Course: EFO705 Master Thesis International Marketing

Supervisor: Konstantin Lampou

Authors: Chantharat Suwanpimon csn09002@student.mdh.se

Narukod Theerabanchorn ntn09001@student.mdh.se

Title: Analysis of factors influencing Swedish consumer

to decisions buy holiday home in Thailand.

Strategic Question: How do factors such as price, risks and cultural factors

influence the Swedish consumer decision to buy holiday

home?

Research Questions: This study aims at finding answers to the following

questions:

What is the impact of different factors such as risks, price of real estate houses, and cultural factors on holiday home investment decisions of Swedish consumers?
Do these factors facilitate or impede buying decision of Swedish consumers?

Methodology: The data sources used in this research are both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected through quantitative survey from 112 respondents about the Swedish’s behavior on buying holiday home Closed-end questions were used to limit the choices of answers; however, an open-ended question was used in the last question to allow the respondents to share ideas or comments. The respondents were divided into two groups: Swedish consumers who have already had a holiday home, and Swedish consumers who are interested to have a holiday home. The secondary data used in this research are obtained from online journals and textbooks.

Conclusions: The result of this survey reveals that there are 4 factors that influence Swedish consumers, both those who have already had a holiday in Thailand and those who are interested to have a holiday home in Thailand. These factors are internal political stability, levels of corruption, price of real estate houses and cultural differences.

Keywords: Real Estate investment, Holiday Home in Thailand, Swedish Consumers.

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Surattanaporn, Sukontha. "Factors influencing consumer purchasing intention on Thai herbal tea in Germany." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-164511.

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Tea consumption has been increased, especially in Germany, as consumers are more concerned about health taking care for the people at different ages. Consumers are more careful of what they are consuming, and increasingly consuming the products which are originally come from nature. Herbal tea industry became more attractive and shows opportunities to the firms as well as consumers. A study about factors that can persuade or motivate consumer's intention to buy herbal tea from Thailand can help the entrepreneurial herbal firm or marketers in Thailand, or tea importer in Germany to realized the importance of factors influences consumer purchasing intention of Thai herbal tea in Germany, and it affect to consumer's decision making. Descriptive research was employed in the research methodology of this study as it helps answering research questions related to consumer attitude towards herbal tea, and relationship between each studying factors in this study. This research provides result from studying and analyzing the problems based on research objectives in order to investigate factors that influences consumer intention to purchase herbal tea, especially herbal tea from Thailand, which is the country that consume many different kinds of herbs in each day. The research had been done through questionnaire survey from 115 respondents from the range of age 21to 60 years old German consumers, who are living in the area of Mainz, Frankfurt, and Wiesbaden. The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) to measure the relationship between variables and how it affects to purchasing intention of a consumer; the analysis of linear regression, correlation, and one-way ANOVA had been applied. Based upon the results of this study, several suggestions can be made to increase consumer perception and purchase intention of herbal tea from Thailand. First, the producers should pay attention on product quality as it is the factor that impacts their decision the most compared to other factors. Second, the word herbal tea from "Thailand" should be promoted on the package as well as its attribute because consumers trust that the quality of Thai herbal tea is good, and healthy.

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LIU, DOUQING. "Factors influencing Chinese Consumer Online Group-Buying Purchase Intention: An Empirical Study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202110.

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Background: Because of the high-speed development of e-commerce, online group buying has become a new popular pattern of consumption for Chinese consumers. Previous research has studied online group-buying (OGB) purchase intention in some specific areas such as Taiwan, but in mainland China. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to contribute to the Technology Acceptance Model, incorporating other potential driving factors to address how they influence Chinese consumers' online group-buying purchase intentions. Method: The study uses two steps to achieve its purpose. The first step is that I use the focus group interview technique to collect primary data. The results combining the Technology Acceptance model help me propose hypotheses. The second step is that the questionnaire method is applied for empirical data collection. The constructs are validated with exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis, and then the model is tested with Linear multiple regression. Findings: The results have shown that the adapted research model has been successfully tested in this study. The seven factors (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, price, e-trust, Word of Mouth, website quality and perceived risk) have significant effects on Chinese consumers' online group-buying purchase intentions. This study suggests that managers of group-buying websites need to design easy-to-use platform for users. Moreover, group-buying website companies need to propose some rules or regulations to protect consumers' rights. When conflicts occur, e-vendors can follow these rules to provide solutions that are reasonable and satisfying for consumers.

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Sin, G. "Factors influencing the perception of spoken sentences in the elderly hearing-impaired." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376475.

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Hussey, Sandra L. "Factors influencing body image perception of Eastern Illinois University track and field athletes /." View online, 2003. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131163025.pdf.

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Gestranius, Jenna. "Factors influencing exercisers' tendencies towards healthy versus unhealthy exercise participation." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1934.

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Both positive and negative effects of exercise participation on health are shown in the literature. However, exercisers’ perceived health is still unexplored from this two-line influence perspective. The Perceived Health and Sport/Exercise Participation model (PHS/EP) served as theoretical framework for the study that aimed at testing the Perceived Health and Exercise Participation Profile (PHEPP) Questionnaire and examining factors involved in exercisers’ tendencies towards healthy versus unhealthy exercise participation and their association with perceived health, exercise satisfaction, goal orientation, self-esteem and physical self-perception. A package of four instruments was completed by 148 exercisers. The healthy tendency of exercise participation represented in the PHS/EP model was supported by the results obtained, whereas the unhealthy tendency needs further investigation and some related changes in the PHEPP questionnaire. Regression analyses confirmed some relationships between the PHS/EP model and established concepts such as goal orientation, self-esteem and physical self-perception dimensions. The results are discussed with reference to previous research and the PHS/EP model.

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Gustafsson, Jens, and Carolina Jönsson. "The online challenge : Factors influencing students buying behavior online." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36028.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find what factors, and to what extent these factors, affects students buying behavior regarding textbooks online. Method: A quantitative and deductive approach by collecting data using a questionnaire through Facebook. The population for this study is University students in Sweden, and convenience sampling was used. A descriptive research design was chosen for this thesis. Conclusions: In this research it was clear that students did not experience perceived risk when purchasing online. Regarding the price as an affecting factor, there was an impact on the students buying behavior. Also the convenience was seen as a factor that was influencing a purchase. The two last factors, social influence and brand awareness, was affecting the students buying behavior but should be treated carefully. Paper type: Research paper.

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Jin, Jiyi. "Study on the Influencing Factors of Tourist Loyalty on Gotland." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444860.

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Nowadays, it is very important to study tourist loyalty and its influencing factors in the field of tourism research. After expatiating the importance of global tourism to regional development, this paper introduces the concept of tourism loyalty and its related influencing factors and tries to analyze how tourist loyalty is formed in Gotland tourism, so as to realize the sustainable development of the tourism industry on Gotland. The purpose of this study is to study the influencing factors of tourists' loyalty and to deepen tourists' impression and perception of Gotland. Through quantitative and qualitative research methods, this paper concludes that tourist destination knowledge, tourist perceived evaluation and satisfaction will have a positive impact on tourist loyalty. This paper can provide some references and basis for local tourism stakeholders to formulate tourism development strategies in the future.

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Krowinska, Agata. "Fifty shades of consumer engagement : an exploration of factors influencing digital natives' brand-related consumer engagement behaviours on Facebook." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2017. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1034828.

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Grounded in a constructivist paradigm, this thesis contributes to an emerging body of scholarship on the consumer engagement concept. In this research, the author conceptualises consumer engagement on social networking sites as a one-dimensional behavioural notion expressed by visible manifestations such as likes, comments and shares - referred to by scholars as consumer engagement behaviours. Although studies on consumer engagement in thecontext of social networking sites have increased over the past few years, current research often fails to provide frameworks that would adequately reflect the interactive nature of those behaviours. In particular, little knowledge exists about why consumers decide to engage with brands or branded content on these online platforms. This thesis addresses this gap by exploring key factors that influence digital natives' brand-related consumer engagement behaviours in the context of Facebook. Findings of this research are based on 25 event-based diaries that were completed by a sample of digital natives who recorded their brand-related engagement behaviours over a period of 11 weeks and from 25 follow-up semi-structured interviews. The data captured by the above-mentioned diary interview method allowed the author to gain rich insights into brand-related consumer engagement behaviours. Furthermore, the diary and interview method is used in this context for the first time which provides a unique methodological contribution. This thesis offers an original contribution to current scholarship on consumer engagement behaviours by introducing three new frameworks, namely: Categories of Effective Creative Content Practices on Facebook, an Integrated Framework of Factors Influencing Positive Brand-Related Engagement Behaviours on Facebook, and an Integrative Framework of Factors influencing Negative Brand-Related Consumer Engagement Behaviours on Facebook. Collectively, as well as individually, these frameworks enhance current theoretical knowledge on the concept by offering a more comprehensive overview of reasons behind brand-related consumer engagement behaviours on Facebook, which can also contribute to practice by assisting social media brand managers in improving current engagement strategies.

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Greer, William. "Male teachers' perceptions of factors influencing career progress : a study of career-passage strategies." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57043/.

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This study is located in the time period of 198 to 1987, a time of change and disruption in teaching, and focuses upon men teachers' perceptions of their past and present career. It suggests that reduced promotion opportunities have led teachers to a preoccupation with strategic presentations of self for the advancement of their professional career, and examines the detail of this through the utterances of teacher-respondents in the course of tape-recorded interviews with the researcher. Attention is given to respondents' accounts of factors which, in terms of achieved rank, they perceive to have influenced career both favourably and unfavourably. The study examines teachers' understandings of the opportunities, in various areas of their work, where effective self-presentations may be made, but also shows the importance of the promotion interview as the crucial 'rite of passage' which transports the teacher to higher levels of rank. The data consist of the accounts which respondents have provided; these have been tape-recorded, and selected passages are presented verbatim and analysed. Thirty-one respondents have been involved in the production of the data, some of these providing several interviews each, and developing the role of 'key respondent'. The methodology of the study is presented in some detail . with particular attention being given to methods of conversation-type interviewing and the influence upon this of factors within the setting. In its conclusion the study attempts to draw attention to some under-examined areas of teacher research, and particularly to the-need for additional information on the perceptions of selection-panel members - and other 'gatekeepers' - and of the role of the 'sponsor' in the promotion of teachers at various bureaucratic levels.

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Sultan, Muhammad Umar, and Md Nasir Uddin. "Consumers’ Attitude towards Online Shopping : Factors influencing Gotland consumers to shop online." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-914.

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In the era of globalization electronic marketing is a great revolution. Over the last decade maximum business organizations are running with technological change. Online shopping or marketing is the use of technology (i.e., computer) for better marketing performance. And retailers are devising strategies to meet the demand of online shoppers; they are busy in studying consumer behavior in the field of online shopping, to see the consumer attitudes towards online shopping. Therefore we have also decided to study consumer’s attitudes towards online shopping and specifically studying the factors influencing consumers to shop online. The population selected for the research is Gotland, and narrowed down to Gotland University students, University cafeteria and Gotland Public library, the sample size selected for this research is 100 and we have used convenience sampling technique. Our findings indicated that among the four factors selected for this research the most attractive and influencing factor for online shoppers in Gotland is Website Design/Features, following convenience the second most influencing and thirdly time saving. Results have also showed that security is of important concern among online shoppers in Gotland. The research has also found that there are some other factors which influence online shoppers including, less price, discount, feedback from previous customers and quality of product. For the second research question i.e. who are online shoppers in term of demography: the correlation results for the age and attitudes towards online shopping has showed that elderly people are not so keen to shop online. Whereas for education it is concluded that higher education makes online shopping less attractive, for the income the correlation results are so weak hence we could not conclude anything out of it. It is expected that this study will not only help retailers in Gotland to devise successful strategies for online shoppers but it will also provide a base for similar studies in the felid of consumer attitudes towards online shopping.

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Aigner, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Factors Influencing Consumers’ Price Evaluations : price changes, product characteristics, and consumer habits / Andreas Aigner." Berlin : ESCP Europe Wirtschaftshochschule Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218032677/34.

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Zhang, Jiali, and Meijuan Zhou. "Factors influencing consumer purchasing behavior of natural cosmetics : A qualitative study in Uppsala, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387738.

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Although consumers’ need for a healthy and sustainable lifestyle drives natural cosmetics consumption, various claims of natural cosmetics make consumers confused and distrustful. This study aimed to explore factors that affect consumers' purchasing behavior of natural cosmetics under the theoretical framework of planned behavior (TPB). The study adopted the qualitative method of purposive sampling. Semi-structured interview technique and thematic analysis were used to collect and analyze data from 21 consumers of natural or traditional cosmetics living in Uppsala. The results showed: consumers had uncertain attitudes towards buying natural cosmetics, which had no obvious impact on the purchasing behavior; the perceived social pressures from family, relatives, groups, etc. had a clear positive impact on the purchasing behavior; online purchasing, recommendation from others, and sustainable lifestyle facilitated the purchasing behavior; high price, inconvenient purchasing location, lack of knowledge, non-harmonized certifications, etc. led to the inconsistency between consumers' purchasing intention and actual purchasing behavior. Product knowledge was explored as an important resource that consumers need. The above findings can be used to improve marketing strategies like harmonized certifications. This study also paves the way for future quantitative verification of these factors.

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Jönsson, Erika, and Maria Martinsson. "What drives you? : An exploratory study on the factors influencing consumer experience and loyalty." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-15734.

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In recent years, e-commerce has grown and spread to different markets. One of these markets is the toy market. This growth has created a need of expanding the loyalty research to the context of e-commerce. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the concept loyalty by identifying what loyalty building factors in Swedish online toyshops matters to the customer and how the customers utilize the factors. The collection method was semi-structured group interviews in order to explore the respondents’ experiences with online toyshops in Sweden. The findings suggest that eight factors influences loyalty in online toyshops. The factors were divided into internal- and external factors. The internal factors consist of convenience and children’s involvement. The external factors are product brand image, website attributes, delivery, service quality and security concerns. These external factors were found to affect company brand image. Depending on the customers’ preferences the factors are playing different roles in the customers’ life. The limitations of the study are few participants, risk of being biased because of the theory and many interpretations of the empirical material. The practical implication is that the companies can use the findings to understand their customers and that a theoretical development has been made. The original value of the study is that this kind of research has not been made in the context of online toyshops before, in the best of our knowledge.

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Phakane, Irvin Monesi. "Factors influencing consumer decision-making in choosing a channel to remit in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27015.

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This research was conducted to provide insights into the factors that influence consumer’s decision when choosing a channel to remit. The study looked at the following theories in determining the important factors that influence consumer intention or behavior, Theory of Reason Action, Theory of Planned Action, Remittance, Innovation Diffusion and Technology Acceptance Models. Hence, service providers should be aware of these factors so they can develop strategies and services to attract consumers to use their channels. The aim of the study was to determine which factors influence consumer’s decision in choosing a bank and non-bank channel to remit. The investigation of the key factors that influence the decision or intention, it was found that a single factor influenced the decision to remit in a bank and non-bank channel. It was also found in the study that consumers prefer physical channel of both bank and non-bank to remit. The finding has serious implications for service providers, in that consumer behavior show attachment to traditional distribution channels.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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McDonald, Jennifer. "Factors influencing premiums on local wines: an exploratory assessment of Kansas wine." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32727.

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Master of Agribusiness
Department of Agricultural Economics
Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu
While understanding consumer decisions about food choices is complex, the nature of wines makes it even more difficult to decipher how consumers arrive at their choices. Given the perceived importance of "local", how willing are consumers to pay for locally-produced wine? And, what characteristics of the wine influence the premium that consumers pay for it? These are the two related questions that this research seeks to address. The research uses a case study approach to explore how five wine characteristics of local Kansas wine influence the premium consumers are willing to pay. The five characteristics are appearance, aroma, body, taste and finish. The study uses four pairs of wine in the following groups: sweet white, dry white, semi-sweet red and dry red. Each pair is made up of a Kansas wine and a non-Kansas wine. A very well-defined set of focus group participants were invited to taste these wine without knowing the identity of the wines and score them according to their characteristics and then provide an indication of how much they are willing to pay. The case results indicate that the focus group participants were willing to discount Kansas wines in all cases of the four pairs. The factors affecting the discount were finish for sweet white wines, appearance for sweet red wines, taste and aroma for dry white and dry red wines. The implication of this exploratory case study is that while most local residents proclaim their willingness to pay a premium for local wines, when tested against national or international competitors, consumers are unwilling to pay a premium for these local wines because the local wines lack the desired quality the international wines have. The information is important because it provides direction for an entrepreneur seeking to develop local wines to focus on understanding and addressing the characteristics which influence consumers' willingness to pay a premium even as she determines which particular wines current players in the local Kansas industry has the potential to be competitive if they address the characteristics upon which they are penalized by consumers. This, despite this being an exploratory case study, it provides important direction for entrepreneurial action.

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Baxter, Irene A. "A study of contextual factors influencing the perception of vegetables among primary school children." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392860.

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Gqibityala, Akhona. "Farmers’ perception on factors influencing small-scale vegetable production at Tsengiwe village, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15281.

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Food security and self-sufficiency in the rural areas has been and remains a major concern for the South African government. The study aimed to investigate farmer’s perception of factors influencing small-scale vegetable production in Tsengiwe village in the Eastern Cape. The research focus was on the following aspects that may have an influence on small-scale vegetable production: socio-economic factors, production and resource deficiencies and the impact of indigenous leafy vegetables. The researcher conducted several demonstration workshops during the field work. The pilot studies and community engagements were essential to extract knowledge systems embedded in the cultural traditions of indigenous or local communities. The action research was part of the reflective process of broadminded problem solving led by researcher and community. The research approach used a triangulation research method to extract information, whereby both quantitative and qualitative research was used to ensure greater accuracy. The main data collection was obtained from interviews with small-scale farming households in the Tsengiwe area. The study revealed that households were dependent on elderly female pensioners to source food and water. These women received most of their income from social grants and were mainly responsible for all farming activities in the households. Most households attempted to produce vegetables, although food security and self-sufficiency through own production was rarely achieved.Other perceived farming challenges included: lack of market accessibility, irrigation infrastructure, drought, financial limitations and soil degradation. Indigenous leafy vegetables were found to play a nutritional role in times of food shortage and not as much for their medicinal value. The study recommended the following interventions: Support for the elderly women in development and production practices, interventions to address factors affecting vegetable production, improving soil structure, working towards food self-sufficiency, moving away from dependence on mechanisation in rural farming.

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Lind, Linnea, and Cassandra Olsson. "Consumer Experience of Online Behavioural Advertising : A qualitative study exploring factors influencing consumer experience of OBA by Swedish online fashion retailers." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39470.

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Background For companies operating in the online fashion retail sector, understanding consumer behaviour is vital because of increased competition in the online market. The techniques for acquiring the necessary consumer information have, along with the digital revolution, become increasingly analytical and with this new marketing strategies and technologies have emerged. Online Behavioural Advertising (OBA) is one of these technologies, which give companies possibilities to deeply understand consumers and their online behaviour. Further, this provides advertisers with valuable information of how to tailor online advertisements based on personal data. However, these kinds technologies used in advertising are raising concerns, which is why it is interesting to discern various factors at play. Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the research questions by discovering the influence of advertiser-controlled factorsand consumer-controlled factorscritical to consumers’ experience of OBA ads of online fashion retailers in Sweden. Additionally, how these factors shape the outcomes and effects. The aim is to provide details for greater understanding of the problems related to OBA, as well as the underlying causes of consumer reactance within the field of OBA for the Swedish online retail industry. Method A contextual framework was developed, presented, and assessed in order to get a deeper insight and understanding in the subject. This laid as the foundation for the qualitative exploratory study in form of semi-structured in-depth interviews that were conducted for the fulfilment of the purpose of this study. The primary data collection sample consisted of 16 female participants in the ages of 20-35 frequently shopping fashion online in Sweden. Conclusion The empirical findings show that advertiser-controlled factors, including ad characteristics such as personalisation and accuracy together with transparency, and consumer-controlled factors, including the individual filters privacy concerns and knowledge and awareness, and the situational filters trust and contextual setting, influence the establishment of the consumer experience of Online Behavioural Advertising as well as the outcomes and effects. Additional findings uncover some of the complex connections between the various advertiser-controlled factors and consumer-controlled factors.

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Sommers, Caitlin Helen. "Factors Influencing Youth Self-Perceptions of Overweight and Obesity." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1484.

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This study sought to examine whether participation in physical activity affects the ability to correctly classify body size, based on body mass index classifications. Secondarily, this study determined whether adolescents who incorrectly classified their body size overestimated or underestimated their size. Self-report data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. Logistic regression was performed to examine relationships between self-perception of body size and physical activity, television viewing time, computer/video game use, physical education class time, and extracurricular sports activities. Significance was set to p<0.05. Physical activity was the only statistically significant independent variable (p=0.058, OR = 1.060). Although physical activity was shown to be statistically significant, it did not appear to meaningfully increase the ability of youth to correctly classify body size. Secondary analysis showed that adolescents who incorrectly classified their body size were more likely to underestimate their body size. Females more frequently underestimated their body size (females=673; males=384).

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Boge, Jan Hendrik. "Smart rings : german consumers’ perception and factors influencing the purchase intention." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/34944.

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Wearables are one of the most growing markets in the consumer electronics industry. The latest key trend shaping the market are smart rings. Nevertheless, little is known about the factors that influence consumers to purchase a smart ring. Therefore, this dissertation aims to investigate the German consumers’ perception and factors influencing the purchase intention for smart rings. Thus, this research questions are answered: (1) Who is the consumer of smart rings, (2) what are the drivers of, and (3) what are the barriers to purchase intention. For this purpose, a quantitative study by means of an online survey was conducted. The research framework is based on two well-established technology adaption models, namely Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and was developed by reviewing previous literature and by conducting ten in-depth interviews. The results of this thesis indicate that the German smart ring consumer is over 34 years old, holds an academic degree, usually wears rings and has a high income. Furthermore, the results of this study provide empirical evidence that the attitude towards using is the strongest driver for the intention to purchase a smart ring. Moreover, attitude is driven by the hedonic factors perceived enjoyment and design aesthetics as well as the utilitarian factor perceived usefulness. Lastly, the main barrier to purchase intention is consumers’ negative price value perception of smart rings.
Os artigos de consumo são um dos mercados em maior crescimento na indústria da electrónica de consumo. As últimas tendências chave que moldam o mercado são os anéis inteligentes. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre os factores que influenciam os consumidores na compra de um tal dispositivo. Por conseguinte, esta dissertação visa investigar a percepção dos consumidores alemães e os factores que influenciam a intenção de compra de anéis inteligentes. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo por meio de um inquérito online. O quadro de investigação baseia-se em dois modelos bem estabelecidos de adaptação tecnológica, nomeadamente o TAM e TPB e foi desenvolvido através da revisão de literatura anterior e da realização de dez entrevistas aprofundadas. Os resultados desta tese indicam que o consumidor alemão de anéis inteligentes tem mais de 34 anos de idade, possui um diploma académico, usa geralmente anéis e tem um rendimento elevado. Além disso, os resultados deste estudo fornecem provas empíricas de que a atitude em relação à utilização é o condutor mais forte para a intenção de comprar um anel inteligente. Além disso, a atitude é impulsionada pelos dois factores hedonistas percepção de prazer e estética de design, bem como pelo factor utilitário percepção de utilidade. Finalmente, a principal barreira à intenção de compra é a percepção negativa do valor do preço dos anéis inteligentes por parte dos consumidores.

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Cunningham, Nicole. "Consumer perceptions of shopping channel attributes and risk factors influencing apparel purchases." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14339.

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M.Com.
The South African apparel industry is growing tremendously with a sales value of R129.9 billion expected by 2019 (Marketline, 2015). This is due to the growth in the middle class, the increase in disposable income, and the fact that the South African economy is focused on technology, finance, and e-commerce (online shopping) (Marketline, 2013:2). Consumers are being exposed to various shopping channel options, both offline and online, which has been found to influence their purchase intention (Voinea & Filip, 2011:17). Retailers should therefore aim to understand how the offline and online shopping channels they offer are affecting consumers, and, in particular, they need to understand consumers’ reasons and motivation for selecting one channel over another. The literature on the subject has found that there are two main factors influencing shopping channel choice: shopping channel attributes – cost, time, convenience, and customer service – and perceived risk factors – delivery risk, product risk, and security risk (Al-Hawari & Mouakket, 2012:641; Lin & Sun, 2009:461; Martin & Camarero, 2008:629; Huang & Oppewal, 2006:347; van Dijk, Laing & Minocha, 2005:1). Thus, by understanding the two sets of factors influencing shopping channel choice, retailers will understand why consumers select one channel rather than another – which will allow retailers to design appropriate shopping channels for their goods. This will improve their efficiency and engagement as they will be offering consumers shopping channels that appeal to them...

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Embaye, Ghebremariam Aron. "An Investigation into the factors Influencing consumer perceptions of the no name brand food items." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2449.

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In South Africa, Store brands are sold throughout retailers in the country and categories are widespread - from beverages (milk, coffee, water, etc); including most confectionary categories; most household and toiletry categories; and from premium brands, to the more cost effective. Compared to the U.S and Europe, the South African market for store brands is not well developed; however, there are still mega opportunities in the own brand category, as the market is far from being saturated. Even though South African retailers are utilizing own brands as a means of differentiation, some studies are also indicating the lack of well tuned major store brand strategies and own brands were not perceived as of value by consumers as well. Therefore, this study is undertaken to establish a greater insight into consumer perceptions toward The No Name Brand food items by investigating the influence of selected economic, psychosocial and demographic variables. Without a solid understanding of the consumer, the available growth opportunities in the store brand category are likely to be missed.For retailers to take advantage of the opportunities in the store brand category a greater understanding of consumer behaviour is required. For that purpose, relevant theories and concepts of consumer behaviour are included in the literature review for the study.
Thesis (MBA)- University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2004.

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Peng, Pi-chen, and 彭碧珍. "Factors Influencing Consumer’s Brand Perception and Purchase Behavior：An Empirical Study of Three Food Companies in Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6vq6k7.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
管理研究所
102
In recent years, food products in Taiwan have catered to a fairly diverse market； however, the competition remains fierce. Thus, most of the vendors have spent considerable effort in advertising and building a brand image, in addition to the product’s taste and appearance, in an attempt to gain advantage in the food market. Given that existing food vendors in this market have been operating for a long time and new competitors continue appear, competition has become as fierce as the Warring States. This study explores how the food industry and several key factors affect the search for brand influence, which can stimulate consumer behavior. The study also aims to analyze how a company’s brand image can attract talented people to enter this job market and join the operations team to create Evergreen Enterprises. Three major domestic food industries were selected and the survey method was used for this study. The results were analyzed using theory of reasoning action （TRA）. Correlation analysis showed that perceived value of the food industry brand（i.e., taste and appearance） has positive correlation with consumer perception of the brand and their intention to buy （direct relationship）, which also leads to employment recommendations （indirect relationship）. Meanwhile, brand image and corporate history has a positive relationship with consumer perception of the brand and their intention to buy （direct relationship）, thus leading to employment recommendations （indirect relationship）. However, the brand perceived value （i.e., taste） is not significantly related with corporate history. Moreover, the brand perceived value （appearance） has negative relationship with business history.

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RENOUF, Manon, and Sophie MANIGLIER. "Main factors influencing online consumer behaviour changes." Thesis, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-23146.

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These last decades, Internet has appeared as an indispensable way to develop business activities. While a large number of consumers in France frequently shop on the Internet, research on what factors influence their behaviour changes has been fragmented. This dissertation therefore proposes a framework to increase researchers’ understanding of French young consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping and their intention to shop on the Internet.The consumer behaviour has been studied a lot, notably because, as soon as they know and understand their target, companies can adapt their offers. Nowadays, this kind of studies applied to online customers has become essential.The two ways of shopping are relatively different from each other in terms of perceived shopping benefits. Diverse factors are the key to the consumer behaviour changes between both traditional shopping in physical stores and e-shopping on the Internet. In this paper, we are going to emphasis them.

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Jung, Jong Hyuok. "Factors influencing consumer acceptance of mobile advertising." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21912.

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The primary objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of consumers’ acceptance of mobile advertising. Specifically, this research explored how the persuasive communication process works via mobile advertising. In order to accomplish this research objective, the relationships among various factors identified from earlier studies were tested. Based on previous literature regarding consumer attitudes, media use, and innovation adoption, a conceptual framework was developed to understand consumer acceptance of mobile advertising. For this reason, the current study employed an online survey with 514 online participants. The results suggest that consumers’ attitudes toward mobile advertising are closely related with all three factors used in this study (e.g., mobile device, message, consumer factors). Furthermore, consumers’ attitudes toward mobile advertising are strongly influenced by message factors (e.g. entertainment, credibility, irritation, message interactivity) and consumer factors (e.g. social influence, compatibility). Thus, careful considerations in message strategy and thoughtful consumer research are needed to increase the effectiveness of mobile advertising. Additionally, the sizable and significant impact of consumer attitude on behavioral intention further supports findings from previous research.
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Tsai, Chia-Ling, and 蔡嘉陵. "Influencing consumer shopping using third-party payment factors." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w84nn8.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
高階管理碩士雙聯學位學程
106
With the flourishing development of FINTECHs financial technology, traditional bankers have suffered a lot in their operations. Consumers have come from the original currency transaction to todays era of cashless transactions. They originally used physical storefronts to go to virtual channels, VR and other stores, and online shopping. Many e-payment or third-party payment providers are all gearing up to seize the market in Taiwan. More newspapers and magazines and scholars have launched many researches on electronic payment or third-party payment. However, why is it that government follow-ups are actively promoting electronic payments and third-party payment-related incentives? The purpose of this study is to influence consumers use of third-party payment considerations when shopping online, to set appropriate assessment frameworks and their influencing factors, and to establish a hierarchy of assessments to develop a complete assessment mechanism. This study summarizes four evaluation aspects, such as “website services”, “convenience”, “promotional activities” and “cognitive value”, as well as the twelve influencing factors. This study conducts one-on-one expert questionnaire interviews with 40 professional scholars in Taiwan from various fields of expertise, and then applies hierarchical analysis (AHP) to analyze and conclude the overall expert questionnaire. In the end, this research has obtained the relative weights, absolute weights, and importance ranking rules for each influencing factor. According to the analysis results, consumers mainly attach importance to simple operation and consumer ownership and transaction protection. Secondly, it is important for companies to provide cash discounts. This is all about clichés, but Taiwan’s supermarkets are everywhere, and consumers are It is a very convenient choice, so how to make Taiwanese consumers like Chinese consumers use electronic payment and third-party payment like daily habits is worth researching: It is not a great copy of Alipay or WeChat payment success experience because of Taiwan and China’s background Environmental conditions are different. This is a test that the industry and the government face.

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chia, Wang wen, and 王文加. "Factors Influencing Consumer Usage Intention of Mobile Payment." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nq236n.

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碩士
聖約翰科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
106
Mobile payment, which provides instant payment through mobile devices, has gradually been accepted by consumers recently. Mobile payment mainly focuses on making instant payment, transfer, and other financial services without a physical wallet. With the gradually increased popularity of mobile payments, the mobile phone and related industries pay more attention to increase the mobile payment functions. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to explore the factors that affect current Taiwanese consumers' attitude and willingness to use mobile payment. This study adopted the theory of technology acceptance model and combine the two facets of "mobility" and "subjective norms" to establish a research framework. This study explored the relationships among facets of "mobility", "perceived ease of use", "perceived usefulness", "subjective norms", "attitude toward mobile payment", as well as "willingness to use mobile payment", and to propose six research hypotheses. A quantitative research method, specifically an online questionnaire survey, was conducted for data collection. After the questionnaire was reviewed and modified through expert validity, a pretest online questionnaire was collected, analyzed, and confirmed with a high reliability. Then an official online survey was conducted. A total of 384 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed by statistical analysis software, SPSS. The results showed that the "mobility" of mobile payment positively affected consumers "attitude toward mobile payment". "Perceived usefulness" positively influenced consumers' "attitude toward mobile payment"; and "attitude toward mobile payment" positive affected their "willingness to use mobile payment".

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Chi, Tsung-Yun, and 紀宗澐. "Factors Influencing Consumer''s Purchase Behavior forIndie-Music." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vtt3y5.

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碩士
銘傳大學
管理研究所
97
Regarding the music industry in Taiwan, the major mainstream Medias (newspaper, television and radio broadcast) are placing profit as first consideration. Because independent music (indie-music) business system pays more attention to the essence of music, less to none was invested in advertisement and propaganda. In 18th Golden Melody Awards prize list, and the independent singer win the popular singer in many awards. Indie-music has become the hottest vocabulary in 2007 and bring musical wave into market gradually. This study is mainly discussing the consumer behavior regarding the independent music commodity choice. To realize what the factors affect consumer to adapt the indie-music, and this study selects two variables as the foundation to separate groups by consumer innovativeness and personal value. This method is base on Marketing Segmentation Theory, and plus the two moderate variables as consumption value and product involvement to weigh the consumer whether to adapt the indie-music. This research takes analysis of basis by using the In-depth interview and questionnaire survey. By interview the indie-band and record company’s manager can be clear position and strategy about indie-music.

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Boodhun, Yudhistir Anund. "Factors influencing consumer choice in the medical insurance industry." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4139.

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Background The medical schemes industry has been characterised by extreme uncertainty in recent times. Industry turbulence can be attributed to a number of factors that have impacted on the manner in which business is conducted. Amongst these the most significant is the change in legislation that has occurred in the laws governing the administration of medical schemes. The industry is characterised by an increasing number of schemes competing for a finite number of profitable customers. In light of these changes, it was thought prudent to investigate the consumer behaviour characteristics surrounding this industry. Objectives The objective of the study was to determine the factors that influence consumers to choose particular medical schemes over others. To this end it was hypothesised that four factors, namely price, benefits offered, ancillary benefits and broker influence played significant role in the decision making process of consumers . Methods Data was collected using a research questionnaire. This questionnaire was issued to respondents who had recently purchased, or attempted to purchase medical cover. Contact was made with the respondents via a snowball sampling method, using insurance brokers as points of contact. The questionnaire was composed of a mixture of open ended, dichotomous and disconfirmation scale type questions . Results Of the four factors that were hypothesised to significantly influence consumers in their choice of medical schemes, it was found that two were proved correct. These being, the benefits offered and the price of the offering respectively. The third hypothesis, the effect of an ancillary benefits programme was found to influence the consumer in their choice, however respondents did not regard the programmes as vital. They did however indicate that they tried to purchase cover that included an ancillary benefits programme. The final hypothesis was disproved as it was found that consumers did not always follow the recommendations of the broker in choosing a medical scheme. They were however found to consult extensively with vanous brokers regarding the types of cover that are available. The final choice between medical schemes were however made by the consumer independently of the brokers influence. Conclusion It is recommended that further research be conducted to ensure that consumer needs harmonize with the medical schemes product offerings. The importance of the various factors that compromise the purchasing process should be measured against each other to determine the importance that consumers place on a specific factor. This prevents medical schemes from placing emphasis on unwanted product features and thereby wasting valuable resources. Further investigation into the topic should encompass all aspects that are deemed relevant, as well as a cross tabulation between the variable factors influencing consumer choice and consumers demographic information. This would further aid the organisations to firstly create more efficient market segments, and secondly to more effectively match product offerings with the given segments.
Thesis (M.B.A.)-University of Natal,Durban, 2003.

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Chan, Shu-Ling, and 詹淑玲. "The Factors Influencing Consumer Adoption of Information Security System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24815323400143152552.

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碩士
國立嘉義大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
97
As there are many events about information security violation, adoption of information security systems becomes an important preventative measure. Although the general public has become increasingly aware of the importance, many people still encounter these system are not utilized. For example, employees do not incorporate this system into their projects, or customers do not purchase the products recommended by a system developer. What factors influence these results is the key topic we explore. In this study, we examine how processes of emotional influence shape information security systems adoption among potential consumers, what factors work more effectively, and how such influence effects vary across a user population. Drawing on the fear appeal, we manipulated three type, fear level, threat type, and information type, as motivating factors of system adoption. These factors are linked to attitude toward the ad and adoption intention, the core drivers of advertisement effectiveness. We further examined how these influence processes were moderated by consumers’ involvement of the product. Five hypotheses thus developed were empirically validated using a laboratory experiment. This study found that fear appeal and its three types are factors influencing consumers’ adoption, and involvement moderates the influence processes.

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Chen, Jhih-fong, and 陳志峰. "A Study on Consumer Behavior Influencing Factors of 12hotpot." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60253022942161610646.

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碩士
國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
102
In recent years, the living standard in Taiwan is promoted by the growth of economy. With the help of industrial transformation policies employed by Taiwan government, the business model in catering industry changed dramatically. Compare with other industries, starting a business from catering industry is easier. Thus, there are numerous brands succeed in Taiwan, and some of them tend to expend their business to China, Southeast Asia even to the whole world. The core of this study is based on the model of brand personality and literature review. The research model has combined brand reputation, atmosphere, brand personality, brand identification, brand loyalty, customer satisfaction, purchase intention and emotion. The samples of 674 collected through questionnaire survey. The study takes the regression analysis to test the effects of brand reputation, atmosphere, brand personality on consumer behaviors, the mediator effect of brand identification; the moderator effect of emotion. The result showed brand reputation, atmosphere, and brand personality will significantly and positively influence consumer behavior. In addition, brand identification has the partial mediator effect, and the moderator effect of emotion of this study is proved. Based on the result, managers should be engaged in maintain the core value of the brand to bring out positive consumer behaviors. A restaurant with brilliant brand personality and attractive atmosphere would leads great consumer behaviors as well. Besides, manager can promote brand identification and enhance brand loyalty, customer satisfaction and purchase intention by color arrangement, providing a friendly, clean dining and efficient order service for customers.

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Bai-JianWu and 吳百堅. "The Study on the Factors Influencing Consumer Adoption of Smartphone." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10866161862309660621.

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Shen, Wen-Shih, and 沈文示. "The Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior on Wine Show and Consumption." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47661650201339894264.

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碩士
東海大學
高階經營管理碩士在職專班
102
As gross domestic production per capital increases, living standards increase as well, and consumption of wine increases steadily. However, research in consumer behavior with regard to wine consumption was insufficient. This study investigates the differences of consumer behavior among various market segments with demographic variables that are easy to identify and measure. This study collects 126 questionnaires, analyzed with descriptive statistics and T-tests. The results are that genders, ages, experiences, living areas, and incomes are all demonstrated to significantly influence buying frequency, using frequency, frequency of participation in promotion activities, factors that influence consumers to participate in promotion activities, and factors that influence consumers to purchase in promotion activities. This study also finds that the most important factor that influences consumers to participate in promotion activities is the degree to which the venue of the promotion activities is comfortable; the least important factor is the degree to which there are famous people in the venue. The most important factor that influences consumers to purchase in promotion activities is the degree to which wine tastes good; the least important factor is the degree to which there are strong advertisement for the promotion activities. This study suggests that firms should design different marketing activities for various targeted market segments when progressing market activities.

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Solecki, Judith A. "Through a glass darkly: Factors influencing the perception of bias." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/18133.

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The current study focuses on understanding how individuals perceive bias. Using fictitious candidates for a job in differently discriminating companies, this study investigated three sets of factors hypothesized to contribute to the perception of bias; characteristics of the target job candidate, characteristic of the context, and characteristics (attitudes) of the participant. Participants were individuals approached in a Houston airport waiting lounge who returned the survey via a postage paid envelope (n = 108) or Rice University undergraduates (n = 49) participating in exchange for course credit. Investigation of the target characteristics showed that the target's deservedness (the extent to which the target's qualifications matched the target's selection outcome) greatly determined perceptions of bias. Race of the target was found to be more complexly related to perception of bias than originally hypothesized. The notion of target deservedness was also used to investigate the context and participant factors as contributions to bias. The theory of shifting standards was used to predict that context (past company discrimination in the current study) would influence bias in a counter-intuitive direction such that bias would not be perceived where it was expected. Perceptions of bias supported the hypothesis for deserved targets, but the results were counter to the hypothesis for undeserved targets (with the exception of selected white candidates). Participant attitudes were investigated as a third factor. Participant attitudes were not found to be predictive of bias perceptions. Alternative analyses suggest that participant attitudes may be useful for explaining bias perception when outcomes are undeserved.

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