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Journal articles on the topic 'Fadir test'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Ranawat, Anil S., Michael A. Gaudiani, Pablo A. Slullitel, James Satalich, and Brian J. Rebolledo. "Foot Progression Angle Walking Test." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 232596711667964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967116679641.

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Background: Determining an accurate clinical diagnosis for nonarthritic hip pain may be challenging, as symptoms related to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) or hip instability can be difficult to elucidate with current testing methods. In addition, commonly utilized physical examination maneuvers are static and do not include a dynamic or weightbearing assessment to reproduce activity-related symptoms. Therefore, implementing a dynamic assessment for FAI and hip instability could help to improve diagnostic accuracy for routine clinical examinations of patients with nonarthritic hip pain. Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a novel diagnostic foot progression angle walking (FPAW) test for identifying hip pathology related to FAI or hip instability. Study Design: Prospective cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This prospective study included 199 consecutive patients who were evaluated for unilateral hip pain and who underwent FPAW testing along with standard physical examination testing. Demographic data, including age, sex and hip laterality, were collected from each patient. FPAW testing was performed with directed internal and external foot progression angles from their baseline measurements, with a positive test reproducing pain and/or discomfort. Comparisons were then made with flexion adduction internal rotation (FADIR) and flexion abduction external rotation (FABER) tests as the designated diagnostic standard examinations for FAI and hip instability, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity, along with the McNemar chi-square test for group comparison, were used to generate summary statistics. In addition, areas under the combined receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of test performance were calculated for both FPAW and the designated standard examination tests (FADIR, FABER). Radiographic imaging was used subsequently to confirm the diagnosis. Results: The average age of the study cohort was 35.4 ± 11.8 years, with 114 patients being female (57%). Positive internal FPAW testing demonstrated 61% sensitivity and 56% specificity for an FAI diagnosis, compared with the 96% sensitivity and 11% specificity seen with FADIR testing. Internal FPAW was less sensitive, yet more specific compared with FADIR ( P < .001). Combined testing had improved accuracy (AUC = 0.58; P < .05) compared with FADIR (AUC = 0.52; P = .21) or FPAW (AUC = 0.57; P = .057) alone. Positive external FPAW revealed 67% sensitivity and 70% specificity for hip instability, while FABER testing was 54% sensitive and 90% specific. External FPAW was significantly more specific but had similar sensitivity to FABER. Combined testing had greater accuracy (AUC = 0.77) compared with FABER (AUC = 0.70) or FPAW (AUC = 0.67) alone ( P < .001). Conclusion: The FPAW examination can be used as an adjunct examination to assist and improve the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis for FAI and hip instability.
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2

Pålsson, Anders, Ioannis Kostogiannis, and Eva Ageberg. "Combining results from hip impingement and range of motion tests can increase diagnostic accuracy in patients with FAI syndrome." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 28, no. 10 (April 25, 2020): 3382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-06005-5.

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Abstract Purpose Clinical examination is an important part in the diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome. However, knowledge on reliability and validity of clinical diagnostic tests is scarce. The aims were to evaluate the inter-rater agreement and diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests to detect patients with FAI syndrome. Methods Eighty-one patients (49% women) were recruited. Two experienced raters performed impingement and range of motion (ROM) tests. Three criteria had to be fulfilled for the diagnosis of FAI syndrome: (1) symptoms; (2) CAM and/or Pincer morphology; and (3) being responder to intra-articular block injection. For inter-rater agreement, the Cohen’s kappa statistics were used (0.41–0.60 = moderate, 0.61–0.80 = substantial agreement). For diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results Anterior impingement test (AIMT), FADIR test and FABER test showed kappa values above 0.6. All passive hip ROM, except extension, had kappa values above 0.4. AIMT and FADIR showed the highest sensitivity, i.e., 80%, with a specificity of 26% and 25%, respectively. Passive hip ROM in internal rotation with neutral hip position had a sensitivity of 29% and a specificity of 94%. Conclusion The AIMT, FADIR and FABER tests were reliable between two experienced raters, while results from different raters for hip ROM should be interpreted with caution. The AIMT and FADIR test can only be used to rule out patients with FAI syndrome, while evaluation of ROM in internal rotation with neutral position may be more suitable to rule in patients with FAI syndrome. Level of evidence II.
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3

Caliesch, Rahel, Martin Sattelmayer, Stephan Reichenbach, Marcel Zwahlen, and Roger Hilfiker. "Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for cam or pincer morphology in individuals with suspected FAI syndrome: a systematic review." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (April 2020): e000772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000772.

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ObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for cam or pincer morphology in individuals with suspected femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome and to evaluate their clinical utility.DesignA systematic review of studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for cam and pincer morphology.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for cam, pincer or mixed morphology in symptomatic patients. Patients had to undergo an index test and a reference test able to identify cam or pincer morphology. Study results have to allow the calculation of true or false positives and/or negatives to calculate sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios (LR) and post-test probabilities.ResultsEight studies were included, investigating 17 tests and two test combinations. The studies reported a low specificity for all tests, ranging from 0.11 to 0.56. Sensitivity ranged from 0.11 to 1.00, with high sensitivities for the flexion-adduction-internal rotation (FADIR), foot progression angle walking (FPAW) and maximal squat tests. We estimated that negative test results on all of these three tests would result in a negative LR of 0.15. However, we judged the studies to provide low-quality evidence.ConclusionThere is low-quality evidence that negative test results reduce the post-test probability of cam or mixed morphologies and that consecutive testing with the FADIR, FPAW and maximal squat tests might be used as a clinical test combination. We would not recommend their use to confirm the diagnosis of FAI syndrome.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018079116.
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4

Casartelli, Nicola C., Romana Brunner, Nicola A. Maffiuletti, Mario Bizzini, Michael Leunig, Christian W. Pfirrmann, and Reto Sutter. "The FADIR test accuracy for screening cam and pincer morphology in youth ice hockey players." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 21, no. 2 (February 2018): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.06.011.

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5

St-Pierre, Marc-Olivier, Stéphane Sobczak, Naomi Fontaine, Nour Saadé, and Karine Boivin. "Quantification and Reliability of Hip Internal Rotation and the FADIR Test in Supine Position Using a Smartphone Application in an Asymptomatic Population." Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 43, no. 6 (July 2020): 620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.10.009.

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6

Müller-Torrente, Alexis, Jordi Puig-Torregrosa, Sergio Montero-Navarro, Javier Sanz-Reig, Jaume Morera-Balaguer, Jesús Más-Martínez, Jesús Sánchez-Mas, and Jose M. Botella-Rico. "Benefits of a Specific and Supervised Rehabilitation Program in Femoroacetabular Impingement Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy: A Randomized Control Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 3125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143125.

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(1) To assess the efficacy of a specific rehabilitation protocol for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), patients who underwent hip arthroscopy (HA) were compared with a control group. (2) Patients with symptomatic FAIS who were scheduled for HA were randomized either to a control group (n = 45, 66.6% men, 41.8 ± 12.4 years) following a general post-surgical treatment protocol or to an experimental group (n = 45, 71.2% men, 40.9 ± 7.6 years) following a specific rehabilitation protocol supervised by a physiotherapist. Range of motion (ROM), orthopedic tests and pain were assessed immediately before surgery and at 4 and 14 weeks after surgery. The hip functional status was assessed by the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) before surgery and at the end of follow-up. (3) At 14 weeks after surgery and compared with the control group, the experimental group showed a lower percentage of positives for hip provocation tests (15.6% vs. 46.6% on Faber test; 15.6% vs. 77.8% on Fadir test; 2.2% vs. 20% on Ober test, experimental vs. control group, p < 0.001), a greater improvement in mHHS (27.2 vs. 10.7 points, p < 0.001) and higher ROM for all the movements evaluated: flexion (99.6 ± 12.2 vs. 89.6 ± 4.5, p < 0.001), extension (20.6 ± 5.8 vs. 13.3 ± 2.6, p < 0.001), adduction (30.6 ± 5.7 vs. 23.4 ± 8.4, p < 0.001), abduction (43.4 ± 10.7 vs. 32.8 ± 8.4, p < 0.001) and both internal (28.2 ± 8.5 vs. 18.7 ± 6.1, p < 0.001) and external hip rotation (36.8 ± 9.3 vs. 27.4 ± 5.6. p < 0.001). The pain decreased after surgery for both groups, although the reduction was greater in the experimental group at the end of intervention (13.8 ± 16.1 vs. 34.9 ± 16.3 mm, experimental vs. control group, p < 0.001). (4) The specific and supervised rehabilitation program in patients with FAIS undergoing HA showed better benefits at 14 weeks of treatment than the benefits achieved by a care protocol in terms of pain reduction and recovery of hip motion.
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7

Yazdifar, Mahshid, Mohammadreza Yazdifar, and Ebrahim Esat. "The Effect of Soft Tissue on Detecting Hip Impingement." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 18 (June 30, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n18p57.

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Hip impingement is a hip associated abnormality and it reduces the activity of those affected and also it can result in osteoarthritis. Current clinical methods in detecting hip impingement known as FADIR test. This is a manual method and relies heavily on surgeons experience and the method is prone to error. The use of computational programmes are known to be more accurate and reliable as the kinematic of contact can easily be studied using the digitised bones of the hip joint assuming that the impingement is determined by bone to bone contact kinematics. Current impingement studies assume that the kinematics of hip joint can be studied by assuming the centre of rotation is fixed for hip joint. For highly conforming joints this assumption is acceptable but for cases where conformity is poor the presence of soft tissue and soft tissue loading becomes very important. The important need in orthopaedics field is to develop a model without too much simplification. All previous work on detecting impingement has ignored the factor of soft tissue. In this paper for the first time the complete computational model of hip with soft tissue has been used to detect the impingement in a specific patient. In this paper the femur, acetabulum, cartilage and ligaments of specific patients were modelled in MIMICs using both MRI and CT scan. 3D hip models with and without soft tissues of normal hip, hip with impingement and hip with impingement after reshaping were modelled. The hip models were imported to detect impingement zone and impingement angle. Our results show that the soft tissue in hip model affects hip impingement angle and hip biomechanics. This finding also shows that, if the boundary condition is closer to the real hip, then the results of computer-aided program will be more reliable.
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8

Besomi, Javier, Alan Garin, Cristhian Herrera, Pedro Salgado, Selim Abara, Carlos Tobar, and Joaquin Lara. "ISCHIOFEMORAL IMPINGEMENT IN ADOLESCENTS: FROM CLINICAL PRESENTATION TO RETURN TO SPORTS." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 3_suppl (March 1, 2019): 2325967119S0002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00020.

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Background: Ischiofemoral impingement is an often unrecognized cause of hip pain in adolescents. It is caused by abnormal contact between the proximal femur and the ischium. The aim of our work is to describe clinical presentation, imaging findings and functional outcomes of ischiofemoral impingement in adolescents. Methods: We performed a retrospective study. Clinical files were reviewed (age, sex, type and duration of symptoms and hip physical examination). Imaging findings were evaluated in pelvis radiographs (presence of coxa profunda, acetabular protrusio, Wiberg angle, femoral neck shaft angle and acetabular retroversion) and in MRI (quadratus femoris edema, measurement of ischiofemoral and quadratus femoris space). Lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) were used to measured response to a physiotherapy protocol. Also relapse and time to sports return were recorded. Results: 24 hips, two bilateral in 20 female patients and 2 male patients, with 13 years-old on average (9-18) were obtained. Main symptom was hip pain with latency to consultant of 9 days on average (2-14). All patients practiced school sports, the most frequent was gymnastics. Positive FADIR test, ischiofemoral impingement test and pain on palpation of the ischium and gluteus medius were found in everyone. The median of Wiberg angle was 37º (25-48), femoral shaft angle 138º (128-144), and coxa profunda was present in 5 hips. MRI showed 13 hips with quadratus femoris edema, one with muscle atrophy, ischiofemoral space was 20 mm on average (16-25) and quadratus femoris space 17 mm on average (13-21). Our physiotherapy protocol was followed for all patients with a median of 18 sessions (10-30). LEFS improved from 56.4% (30-93) to 92% (80-100) (p=0,02). Time to turn asymptomatic was 6 months on average (3-13). With 2 years follow up, 2 hips had recurrence of symptoms. Time to sports return was 5 months on average (3-7). Conclusions: Ischiofemoral impingement is cause of hip pain in active female adolescents. X-rays are inespecific and MRI shows typically quadratus femoris edema. Conservative treatment with physiotherapy is an effective method that allows sports return in few months. This is the first report in the literature regards ischiofemoral impingement in pediatric population including results of treatment and return to sports.
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9

Carter, Rickey E. "I Can't Make Heads Or Tails Out Of What You Are Saying, So Let's Just Agree To Be Fair." Teaching Statistics 35, no. 3 (June 25, 2013): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/test.12013.

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10

Oliver, Adam. "A Fair Test of the Fair Innings?" Medical Decision Making 29, no. 4 (June 8, 2009): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x09336076.

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11

Linn, Marcia C. "A Fair Test? Illusion or reality." Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice 2, no. 3 (November 1995): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969595950020308.

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12

Lyublinskaya, Irina E. "How Fair Is the Drug Test?" Mathematics Teacher 98, no. 8 (April 2005): 536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.98.8.0536.

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The non–medical use of anabolic/androgenic steroids among adolescents and young adults is of growing concern. As many as half a million Americans under age 18 may be abusing these drugs to improve athletic performance, appearance and self–image.
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13

Schouteten, Joachim J., Xavier Gellynck, and Hendrik Slabbinck. "Do Fair Trade Labels Bias Consumers’ Perceptions of Food Products? A Comparison between a Central Location Test and Home-Use Test." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031384.

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Consumers are paying more and more attention to ethical and social criteria during grocery shopping. As a result, Fair Trade products which are certified to address global supply chain issues (e.g., forced labor, working conditions, fair pay), are gaining popularity. However, it is unclear to which extent Fair Trade labels might influence how consumers perceive such labelled food products. The aim of this research was to examine the potential effect of Fair Trade labels on several measurements (overall liking, sensory profiling, emotions, willingness-to-pay and kCal estimations). Furthermore, tests were carried out at a sensory lab and at home to examine if the evaluation context might impact the label effect. In total, 179 consumers participated in this study of which 90 carried out the test in the sensory test facilities (central location test—CLT) and 89 at home (home-use-test—HUT). Participants evaluated three pairs of food products (nuts, juice and chocolate) of which one was labelled as conventional and the other one as Fair Trade. However, participants were each time evaluating the same Fair Trade product. Results showed that the Fair Trade label increased the overall liking. For the juice and chocolate, a higher willingness-to-pay was found when the product was labelled as ‘Fair Trade’ while no effect of the label was established for the nuts. The Fair Trade label did not affect the kcal estimation of the samples. The Fair Trade label had a rather limited influence on the sensory and emotional profiling of the food products. Furthermore, the results of the CLT and HUT were highly similar indicating that the evaluation context has little impact on the labelling effect.
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14

Stojanova, Nadia. "Conservative interpretations of the ‘bullied at work’ test?" Alternative Law Journal 42, no. 4 (November 27, 2017): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x17732708.

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The introduction of the anti-bullying provisions of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) comes at, and heralds, a time of change in the legal regulation of workplace bullying in Australia. This article explores decisions of the Fair Work Commission which indicate that conservative interpretations of elements of the ‘bullied at work’ test under s 789FD may be partly responsible for the low number of stop-bullying orders that have been made to date. This article concludes by acknowledging this issue as a matter for the Full Bench of the Fair Work Commission and by determining that a more assertive approach to the ‘bullied at work’ test by the Fair Work Commission may lead to an increase in stop-bullying orders in the future.
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15

Kurniawan, Abraham, Intiyas Utami, and David Ade Chandra Ashedica Pesudo. "Organizational Justice and Whistleblowing: An Experimental Test." Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan 20, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/jak.20.2.73-78.

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Whistleblowing has become an important issue at the organization recently because it enables individuals to disclose any regulation’s errors in the organization to their superior. Whistleblowing could be caused by several factors, one of which is organizational justice. The organizational justice consists of distributive justice and procedural justice. The objective of this research is to examine the causality of organizational justice to whistleblowing intention. This research was conducted with 2x2 between-subjects experimental design. The results show that when an individual is faced with fair distributive justice or fair procedural justice, they have the tendency to whistle the fraud. When an individual is faced with unfair procedural justice and fair distributive justice, they also tendto whistle the fraud.
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16

Mellers, Barbara, and Elizabeth Hartka. "Test of a subtractive theory of "fair" allocations." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56, no. 5 (May 1989): 691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.5.691.

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17

Pittler, MH, and JL Bosson. "Spa therapy for knee osteoarthritis - a fair test?" Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 15, no. 3 (August 31, 2010): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7166.2010.01045_22.x.

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18

Zappardino, Pamela H. "Fair Test: Charting a Course for Testing Reform." Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 68, no. 4 (April 1995): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1995.9957243.

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19

Li, Hongli, and Hoi K. Suen. "Are Test Accommodations for English Language Learners Fair?" Language Assessment Quarterly 9, no. 3 (July 2012): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2011.653843.

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20

Adenier, Guillaume. "A fair sampling test for EPR-Bell experiments." Journal of Russian Laser Research 29, no. 5 (September 2008): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10946-008-9031-4.

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21

Naglieri, Jack A. "Test-Retest Reliability of the Matrix Analogies Test—Short Form." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 1 (August 1986): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.1.136.

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This study examined the test-retest reliability of the Matrix Analogies Test-Short Form over a 4-wk. interval for 43 students (77% white), 20 boys and 23 girls in regular fifth grade classrooms (9 yr.-5 mo. to 13 yr.-11 mo.). In raw scores the test-retest (4-wk. interval) Pearson r was .78 indicating fair reliability. There was a modest difference ( p = .05) between test (23.98) and retest (25.42) mean raw scores. Implications for test use are discussed.
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22

VAN HORN, BRAD. "Can an Efficient Market Test Determine Fair Market Value?" Business Valuation Review 12, no. 3 (September 1993): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5791/0882-2875-12.3.130.

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23

Gullickson, Terri, and Pamela Ramser. "Review of A Fair Test? Assessment, Achievement and Equity." PsycCRITIQUES 41, no. 11 (1996): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/003256.

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SPURLING, STEVEN. "The Fair Use of an English Language Admissions Test." Modern Language Journal 71, no. 4 (December 1987): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1987.tb00382.x.

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Lambe, Paul, Catherine Waters, and David Bristow. "The UK Clinical Aptitude Test: Is it a fair test for selecting medical students?" Medical Teacher 34, no. 8 (May 29, 2012): e557-e565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0142159x.2012.687482.

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Vanderburgh, Paul M., and Sean Flanagan. "The Backpack Run Test: A Model for a Fair and Occupationally Relevant Military Fitness Test." Military Medicine 165, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/165.5.418.

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Swatton, Peter. "Can we know whether pupils are passing the ‘fair test'?" Research Papers in Education 10, no. 1 (March 1995): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267152950100104.

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N. Hopfenbeck, Therese. "Does a test have to be fair to be valid?" Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice 26, no. 5 (September 3, 2019): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969594x.2019.1666229.

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Sugita, K., P. Schnizer, J. P. Meier, A. Bleile, A. Mierau, and E. Fischer. "String Test Preparation for the Superconducting SIS100 Accelerator of FAIR." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 24, no. 3 (June 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2013.2278842.

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Schnizer, Pierre, Anna Mierau, Alexander Bleile, Vassili Marousov, Andrzej Stafiniak, Walter Freisleben, Henning Raach, et al. "Low-Temperature Test Capabilities for the Superconducting Magnets of FAIR." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 25, no. 3 (June 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2014.2376704.

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Gamliel, Eyal, and Sorel Cahan. "Mind the Gap: Between-group differences and fair test use." International Journal of Selection and Assessment 15, no. 3 (September 2007): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2389.2007.00387.x.

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Gao, Bing, and Rui Gao. "On fair entropy of the tent family." Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems 41, no. 8 (2021): 3797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2021017.

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Facchini, Stephanie J., Matthew C. Hoch, Deanna H. Smith, and Johanna M. Hoch. "Intrarater and Interrater Agreement of the Intrinsic Foot Muscle Test." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 20, no. 3 (May 2015): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2014-0088.

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Context:The intrinsic foot muscle test (IFMT) is purported to identify intrinsic foot muscle (IFM) weakness during clinical examination. However, before this test can be used in clinical practice the clinometric properties must be determined. In addition, it is unclear if the IFMT provides information regarding the integrity of the foot arch beyond static foot posture assessments such as the navicular drop test (NDT).Objective:To determine the reliability of the IFMT as well as its correlation with the NDT.Setting:Laboratory.Patients or other Participants:Two novice ATs served as the raters. The NDT was assessed by a third investigator during the first session. Twenty-five participants (16 females, 9 males; age: 22.4 ± 1.7 years; height: 170.8 ± 10.2 cm; mass: 73.5 ± 12.8 kg) completed two data collection sessions separated by one week.Interventions:During each session the IFMT was assessed bilaterally in a counterbalanced order by the raters. Each test was rated simultaneously by both raters during each trial and the raters were blinded to each other’s results during and between test sessions.Main Outcome Measures:The independent variable was time (session one and session two) and the dependent variables included rating on the IFMT and navicular drop height.Results:Intrarater agreement was poor to fair (κ = .03−.41) and interrater agreement was fair to moderate (κ = .25−.60). Post hoc Wilcoxon rank tests demonstrated a significant number of participants improved between sessions for both raters. A weak correlation was observed between the NDT and IFMT for both right (r = −.14 to .04, p < .49) and left (r = −.19 to .07, p < .37) feet.conclusion:The IFMT demonstrated poor to fair intrarater and fair to moderate interrater agreement, suggesting future research is needed to modify this method of measuring IFM function. The improvement between sessions indicates a potential familiarization period within the test. The weak correlation between the IFMT and NDT indicates these tests evaluate different aspects of foot function.
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He, Hong, Shi Pu Zhang, Da Jian Zhang, and Ming Feng Hou. "Error Test Analysis of a Taxi Meter." Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (January 2011): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.421.

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Taximeter measurement error is the vital relationship between the interests of drivers and passengers. In order to deal both fair and just, the need for regular taxi meter test vehicle is necessary, this time from the meter of the taximeter and the vehicle test meter error of the meter on the taximeter areas were more comprehensive pricing error analysis, to improve the efficiency and accuracy test.
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Williamson, Jeffrey G. "Has Crowding Out Really Been Given a Fair Test? A Comment." Journal of Economic History 47, no. 1 (March 1987): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700047483.

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36

Kim, Young-Soo, and Lloyd H. Barrow. "Designing a Fair Test with: Valentine Candy to Teach Scientific Inquiry." Science Activities: Classroom Projects and Curriculum Ideas 35, no. 4 (January 1999): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00368129909600924.

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Tappen, Ruth M., Patricia B. Kronk, and Theris A. Touhy. "Development of a culture fair test for anomia in Alzheimer's disease." Neurobiology of Aging 21 (May 2000): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(00)82663-9.

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Ge, Shu Lin, Xiao Lei Xu, and Wen Dai. "Application of Multimedia Technology in Sports Test." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 4162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4162.

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With the development of economy and the progress of the society, computer multimedia technology emerges, as the times require. Computer multimedia enrich people's lives. For us, it not only provides a better visual experience and auditory enjoyment , but also plays an supporting role powerfully in solving the complicated work . The purpose of this paper is to study the application of multimedia technology in sports test and to explore the significance of promoting sports fair by multimedia technology.
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39

Wang, Wei, Xiao-hui Qu, Jian-Ju Du, and Jia-Ming Zhu. "The Influence of Fair Value Measurement on Radical Financing of Irrational Managers Based on Fixed Effects Model and Fisher Permutation Test." Complexity 2021 (February 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5513204.

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Adopting fair value measurement may bring more earnings fluctuations and induce irrational psychology and radical financing behavior of managers. Based on behavioral corporate governance theory, using the sample of Chinese A-share nonfinancial listed companies during 2007–2017, this paper empirically examines the regulatory effect of fair value measurement, that is, whether fair value measurement affects the company's financing decisions when managers have irrational psychological characteristics, i.e., overconfidence. The study found that overconfident managers of the company that have fair value measurement assets will be more aggressive for debt decisions, indicating that fair value measurement has a positively regulatory effect on overconfident managers.
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Rishi, Shraddha. "Lateral Recruitment in Civil Services: Standing the Test of Merit." Indian Journal of Public Administration 66, no. 4 (December 2020): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120983966.

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Keeping bureaucracy, the permanent executive, insulated from the influence of the political executive has always been the focus of administrative reforms. A transparent and fair system of recruitment based on meritocracy is a key to shield administrators from political influence. This article analyses the essential conditions required for the successful implementation of lateral recruitment in India. It contends that merit, involving transparent and fair processes in recruitment, is the bedrock of any efficient bureaucratic system. The article does not probe deeper into the question as to whether the lateral entry should be introduced or not, but assuming the lateral entry is a desirable practice for modern civil administration, it discusses the conditions that lead to its success or failure. It draws lessons for India from an exercise that already took place in its neighbouring country, Pakistan.
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Wang, Wei, Xiao-Hui Qu, Jian-Ju Du, and Jia-Ming Zhu. "The Influence of Fair Value Measurement on the Pledge of Overconfident Major Shareholders Based on Multiple Regression and Fisher Test." Complexity 2021 (March 18, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5578367.

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Adopting fair value measurement may bring more earnings fluctuations and induce irrational psychology and radical financing behavior of managers and major shareholders. Based on behavioral corporate governance theory, using the sample of A-share nonfinancial listed companies of China during 2015–2017, this paper empirically examines the regulatory effect of fair value measurement; that is, whether fair value measurement affects the company’s financing decisions when major shareholders have irrational psychological characteristics, i.e., overconfidence. The study found that overconfident major shareholders increase the probability of equity pledge and increase the proportion of equity pledge; further inspection found that if the level of accrued earnings management is higher, the adjustment effect of fair value measurement is also higher; when the risk of stock price collapse is higher, fair value measurement obviously increases the probability and ratio of overconfident major shareholders’ equity pledge. The above conclusions provide empirical evidence that fair value measurement has a positively regulatory effect on financing decisions of major shareholders.
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Miller, Robert. "Legislating For Fair Employment: The Fair Employment (Northern Ireland) Bill, 1988." Journal of Social Policy 18, no. 2 (April 1989): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727940001744x.

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ABSTRACTTwo decades ago allegations of religious discrimination and the onset of ‘the troubles’ led the British Government to institute a programme of administrative and legislative reform in the province. These reforms culminated in the Fair Employment Act (1976). More recently, the Government began a review of the efficacy of the existing legislation and this has now resulted in a new Fair Employment Bill for Northern Ireland. The new Bill should be seen as a serious attempt to grapple with the chronic problem of religious discrimination in the province. The realisation of equality of opportunity in Northern Ireland, however, continues to be as much a test of political will as of the ability of those who frame ‘fair employment’ legislation.
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Li, Wei, Hai Chun Ding, Ai Hong Ji, and Zhen Dong Dai. "Aerodynamic Force Test on Tethered Bamboo Beetle Otidognathus davidis fair." Applied Mechanics and Materials 461 (November 2013): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.461.172.

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nsects in nature have outstanding flight skills, and the research on their flight kinematics and dynamics can provide inspiration for the design of flapping-wing aircraft. An experiment was designed to study the mechanism and reveal the dynamics when Otidognathus Davidis Fair (ODF) flies. In this paper, two flight parameters, including lift and thrust of ODF, were tested using the insect flight test system, while ODF was under constraint on plexiglass. Experimental results showed that frequency of the wing was about, and the maximum of lift and thrust can reach 95mN and 300mN, respectively. With the increase of the weight, both of the peak values of lift and thrust change very little. Furthermore, their tendencies are of the same.
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Fhima, Ilanah. "The trade mark defences meet copyright: fair use or three step test?" Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 4, no. 4 (October 2014): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2014.04.03.

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45

COLOM, ROBERTO, and OSCAR GARCÍA-LÓPEZ. "SECULAR GAINS IN FLUID INTELLIGENCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE CULTURE-FAIR INTELLIGENCE TEST." Journal of Biosocial Science 35, no. 1 (December 12, 2002): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003000336.

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There is no doubt about the reality of the secular increase in cognitive test scores. However, there is disagreement about a key issue: does the observed increase reflect a genuine upward trend in intelligence? Evidence from the Raven test is clear, although there are some doubts about its adequacy as a fine-grained measure of fluid intelligence. Evidence from the so-called ‘method of correlated vectors’ is much less clear. When a crystallized battery is considered, the results leave little doubt: the increase does not reflect gains in general intelligence. However, when a fluid battery is analysed, the increase does reflect gains in general intelligence. The present study uses one of the best available measures of fluid intelligence (the Culture-Fair intelligence test) to provide new evidence for the secular increase in fluid intelligence, beyond the findings from the Raven test and the method of correlated vectors. A total of 4498 Spanish high school students and high school graduates were tested within a time interval of 20 and 23 years, respectively. The results show that there is a clear upward trend in intelligence. Moreover, students show an average increase equivalent to 6 IQ points, while graduates show an average increase of 4 IQ points. Therefore, more selected people (graduates) show a smaller increase than less selected people (students). Some implications are discussed.
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Fischer, Egbert, Pierre Schnizer, Kei Sugita, Jan P. Meier, Anna Mierau, Alexander Bleile, Piotr Szwangruber, Hans Muller, and Christian Roux. "Fast-Ramped Superconducting Magnets for FAIR Production Status and First Test Results." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 25, no. 3 (June 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2015.2392157.

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Ma, L. Z., X. Y. Zhang, D. S. Ni, W. Wu, S. F. Han, Q. G. Yao, P. Yuan, H. Leibrock, Y. Xiang, and E. Floch. "The Cold Test of Super-FRS Superconducting Dipole Prototype for FAIR Project." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 22, no. 3 (June 2012): 9502104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2012.2188371.

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Floyd, Thomas H. "It is time to give the “true PRT” concept a fair test." Journal of Advanced Transportation 21, no. 1 (December 1987): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/atr.5670210103.

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Doberenz, M., W. Hermann, and G. Reichel. "Diagnostics of the piriform muscle-syndrome by means of the FAIR-test." Clinical Neurophysiology 118, no. 4 (April 2007): e26-e27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.11.066.

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Christensen, Hans B., and Valeri V. Nikolaev. "Does fair value accounting for non-financial assets pass the market test?" Review of Accounting Studies 18, no. 3 (May 29, 2013): 734–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11142-013-9232-0.

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