Relevant bibliographies by topics / Faecal contamination

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Faecal contamination'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Faecal contamination"

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Amoroso, Caroline R., Alexa G. Frink, and Charles L. Nunn. "Water choice as a counterstrategy to faecally transmitted disease: an experimental study in captive lemurs." Behaviour 154, no. 13-15 (2017): 1239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003466.

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Abstract Many parasites and pathogens are transmitted via water, including through faecal contamination of water sources. Yet water is essential for survival, and some species gain nutritional and other benefits from coprophagy. We investigated how primates balance the risks of faecal pathogen transmission with potential benefits of faeces ingestion in their selection of water sources by conducting behavioural experiments with five species of lemurs (Family Lemuridae) in captivity. Subjects were given a choice between clean water and water ‘contaminated’ with disinfected faecal material, which
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Baudišová, D. "Microbial pollution of water from agriculture." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 10 (2009): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/131/2009-pse.

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Microbial contamination of small streams in agricultural areas was monitored for two years. Microbiological indicators of faecal pollution (faecal coliforms, <I>Escherichia coli</I> and intestinal enterococci were detected by standard methods based on the cultivation of bacteria on selective media). The obtained results showed that running contamination of streams from agricultural areas was not extremely high, but it showed marked seasonal fluctuations (the average values and maximal values revealed great differences). Microbial contamination also increased several times in relati
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Leeming, Rhys, Jonathan S. Stark, and James J. Smith. "Novel use of faecal sterols to assess human faecal contamination in Antarctica: a likelihood assessment matrix for environmental monitoring." Antarctic Science 27, no. 1 (2014): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102014000273.

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AbstractWastewater containing human sewage is often discharged with little or no treatment into the Antarctic marine environment. Faecal sterols (primarily coprostanol) in sediments have been used for assessment of human sewage contamination in this environment, butin situproduction and indigenous faunal inputs can confound such determinations. Using gas chromatography with mass spectral detection profiles of both C27and C29sterols, potential sources of faecal sterols were examined in nearshore marine sediments, encompassing sites proximal and distal to the wastewater outfall at Davis Station.
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Awuah, Frank. "Application of microorganisms to determine the impact of infiltration layer and season on pit latrine groundwater contamination." Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 8, no. 3 (2024): 357–67. https://doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v8i3.425.

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This study was necessitated as a result of the frequent cases of diarrhoea observed among the students of the researcher. The researcher employed faecal indicator bacteria to assess the impact of the infiltration layer and seasonal variations on groundwater contamination from pit latrines in the municipalities where the students reside. The main experimental materials consisted of water samples collected from 15 randomly selected wells in the Tano Districts of Ghana. Total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and enterococci were used as faecal indicators. The Most Probable Number (MPN) method was emp
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Leeming, R., N. Bate, R. Hewlett, and P. D. Nichols. "Discriminating faecal pollution: a case study of stormwater entering Port Phillip Bay, Australia." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 10 (1998): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0369.

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This investigation was designed to provide preliminary information to the Environment Protection Authority concerning the input of faecal matter to stormwater drains in the Rippleside area of Geelong, Victoria. Results derived from the combined use of sterol biomarkers (e.g. coprostanol and 24-ethylcoprostanol) and four sub-groups of bacterial indicators (e.g. thermotolerant coliforms, E. coli, faecal streptococci and enterococci) indicated that during wet weather, all sites sampled were affected by significant human faecal contamination. Ratios of coprostanol to bacterial indicators were simi
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Godfree, A. F., D. Kay, and M. D. Wyer. "Faecal streptococci as indicators of faecal contamination in water." Journal of Applied Microbiology 83, S1 (1997): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.83.s1.12.x.

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Wicki, Melanie, Adrian Auckenthaler, Richard Felleisen, Marcel Tanner, and Andreas Baumgartner. "Novel Bacteroides host strains for detection of human- and animal-specific bacteriophages in water." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 1 (2011): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2010.165.

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Bacteriophages active against specific Bacteroides host strains were shown to be suitable for detection of human faecal pollution. However, the practical application of this finding is limited because some specific host strains were restricted to certain geographic regions. In this study, novel Bacteroides host strains were isolated that discriminate human and animal faecal pollution in Switzerland. Two strains specific for bacteriophages present in human faecal contamination and three strains specific for bacteriophages indicating animal faecal contamination were evaluated. Bacteriophages inf
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Mudau, Mulalo, Renay Ngobeni-Nyambi, and Maggy Ndombo Benteke Momba. "The Identification of Predominant Faecal Contamination Sources in Water Using Host-Specific Genetic Markers in Water-Stressed Rural Communities of Vhembe District Municipality, South Africa." Water 16, no. 23 (2024): 3477. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16233477.

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It is critical to attribute faecal contamination to its original source in order to assess public health risks and implement effective interventions to mitigate future contamination. This study aimed to identify the primary sources of faecal contamination in water using microbial source tracking markers in water-stressed rural communities. A total of 1128 water samples were collected sequentially from the main source (river/borehole) to the households. Six host-specific genetic markers were used to detect faecal contamination in the water samples (BacHum and HF183, BacCow, Pig-2-Bac, Cytb and
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van Lieverloo, J. Hein M., E. J. Mirjam Blokker, and Gertjan Medema. "Quantitative microbial risk assessment of distributed drinking water using faecal indicator incidence and concentrations." Journal of Water and Health 5, S1 (2007): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.134.

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Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessments (QMRA) have focused on drinking water system components upstream of distribution to customers, for nominal and event conditions. Yet some 15—33% of waterborne outbreaks are reported to be caused by contamination events in distribution systems. In the majority of these cases and probably in all non-outbreak contamination events, no pathogen concentration data was available. Faecal contamination events are usually detected or confirmed by the presence of E.coli or other faecal indicators, although the absence of this indicator is no guarantee of the absenc
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Höglund, C., T. A. Stenström, H. Jönsson, and A. Sundin. "Evaluation of faecal contamination and microbial die-off in urine separating sewage systems." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 6 (1998): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0232.

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An important feature for recirculated products from a sewage system is that the risk for transmission of disease is low. In a urine source separating system faeces may contaminate the collected urine through the toilet. The concentrations of faecal indicator organisms were measured in 14 urine collection tanks. The survival of these and some pathogenic microorganisms in source separated human urine was studied. Total coliforms, E. coli and clostridia were found in low concentrations while faecal streptococci occurred in concentrations up to 105/ml urine solution. The results from phenotyping o
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Faecal contamination"

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Turner, Susan Jane. "Microbiological Indicators of Faecal Contamination in Aquatic Environments." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2375.

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1. The aim of this research was to determine appropriate microbial indicator systems for use in monitoring the occurrence and source of faecal contamination in aquatic environments. Particular emphasis has been placed on the identification of indicators which might enable faecal contamination of human origin to be distinguished from that of non-human derivation. Two lines of investigation have been pursued; the use of alternative microbial indicator systems for water quality monitoring, and the development of diagnostic molecular methods for identifying the origin of faecal organisms. 2. Field
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Miller, Layla. "Determining specific sources of faecal contamination within shellfisheries." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495762.

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Geary, Phillip M., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "On-site system effluent source tracking using geochemical and microbial tracers in a coastal catchment." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Geary_P.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/566.

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The principal aims of this thesis were to examine whether there were hydraulic links between individual on-site wastewater systems in sandy soils at Salt Ash and the Tilgerry Creek estuary near Port Stephens, New South Wales, and whether the chemical and microbiological contaminants from on-site systems could reach surface and groundwaters, and possibly lead to impacts on estuarine oyster growing waters. The research outcomes are contained within the thesis and in four refereed papers presented at conferences, and which have been subsequently published, or are in press. Copies of each of these
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Leeming, Rhys, and n/a. "Coprostanol and related sterols as tracers for feacal contamination in Australian aquatic environments." University of Canberra. School of Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060816.172519.

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Pollution from human and animal faecal waste is a major cause of deteriorating water quality and increased nutrient loads in coastal and inland waterways. Management of this problem depends on knowing which sources of faecal matter are the cause and what is the degree and extent of the pollution. Bacterial indicator organisms have long been the principal method used to test water samples for faecal contamination. However, none of the currently used bacterial indicators on their own are source specific enough to distinguish different sources of faecal matter. The use of faecal sterol biomarkers
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Florini, Styliani. "Identification of species-specific source(s) of faecal contamination in Salcott Creek, Blackwater Estuary." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416715.

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Lang, Cassandra C., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Identification and metabolic characterization of host-specific enterococci for use in source-tracking faecal contamination." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/265.

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Metabolic were used to evaluate Enterococcus as an indicator of faecal pollution. Enterococci were isolated using m-Enterococcus agar and speciated using conventional biochemical tests. Forty percent of the isolates were identified and metabolically characterized by the automated Biolog system. The biochemical test scheme recognized 16 enterococcal species, while Biolog recognized nine. Both methods identified E. faecalis at the greatest frequency. Overall species frequencies varied between the two methods. Biolog was unable to identify 31% of the isolates; 7% of the isolates were unidentified
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Benselfelt, Tobias. "Flow Cytometry Sensor System Targeting Escherichia Coli as an Indicator of Faecal Contamination of Water Sources." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teknisk biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108004.

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Poor water quality is a global health concern affecting one billion people around the world. It is important to monitor water sources in order to maintain the quality of our drinking water and to avoid disease outbreaks. Targeting Escherichia coli as a faecal indicator is a widely used procedure, but the current methods are time consuming and not adequate to prevent spreading of faecal influence.   This Master thesis demonstrates the development of a near infrared fluorescence flow cytometer sensor system targeting Escherichia coli, using fluorescently labeled chicken IgY antibodies. The near
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Luyt, Catherine Diane. "Faecal source tracking and water quality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018242.

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Water quality is concerning as many still lack access to safe drinking water. Alternate sources such as rivers (FC up to 1600 CFUs/100 mL) and rainwater are often polluted. Rainwater tanks require maintenance to improve water quality, but could be used for non-potable purposes or irrigation. Grahamstown infrastructural failures initiate deviations from DWAF 1996 domestic water guidelines for microorganisms within the distribution system. Frequent testing can decrease risks of waterborne diseases. Limitations to this are inaccessibility of rural areas, distances from testing centres and costs.
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Huda, T. M. "Role of sanitation in preventing faecal contamination of the domestic environment and protecting health : an observational study." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2016. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4189867/.

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This thesis assesses the potential public health significance of, sanitation quality and coverage by using microbiological indicator and secondary health outcome data. Sanitation was categorised using The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) definition of improved (private pit latrine with a slab or better) and unimproved (toilets connected to open, pit latrine without a slab, hanging toilet, shared toilets). A spot check of sanitation facilities was conducted in 460 target houses and 1,784 neighbouring houses. Faecal contamination of the household environment was assessed by looking for evidence
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Andreoletti, Mattia <1993&gt. "Implementing Remote Sensing technologies to assess the risk of faecal bacteria contamination in the northern Adriatic shellfish-farms." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15869.

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Questo elaborato nasce dall’opportunità di fornire uno strumento di comprensione ed applicazione efficiente delle normative europee sul tema food-security in campo di molluschicoltura, <<Regulation (EU) 2015/2285>>. Alla luce di questo obiettivo, viene analizzata la probabilità che diversi siti di molluschicoltura nel nord Adriatico siano interessati da fenomeni di contaminazione batterica fecale a seguito di eventi estremi, quali intense precipitazioni e piene fluviali. Sono implementate le tecnologie di telerilevamento per estrapolare variabili ambientali in grado di caratterizzare e disting
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Books on the topic "Faecal contamination"

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Cox, Sara Louise. An investigation to determine indirect contamination by faecal indicator organisms in nursing home staff sanitary accommodation. Cardiff Institute of Higher Education, 1996.

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Parker, Louise Michelle. Assessing the relationship between animal cleanliness and carcse faecal contamination as indicated by E.coli levels in beef cattle: A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the Bachelor of Technology (honours) degree in Food production and Land. SAC Auchincruive, 1998.

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Berman, Reva Lynne. The prevalence of parasites due to faecal contamination of public parks and playgrounds in Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Faecal contamination"

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Paruch, Lisa, and Adam M. Paruch. "Contributors to Faecal Water Contamination in Urban Environments." In Water Management and the Environment: Case Studies. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79014-5_10.

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Martins, Salonee, Aishwarya Pathare, Purva Salvi, et al. "Microbial indicators and methods for source tracking faecal contamination of groundwater." In Legacy, Pathogenic and Emerging Contaminants in the Environment. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003157465-10.

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Anh, Vuong Tuan, Kåre Mølbak, Phung Dac Cam, and Anders Dalsgaard. "Factors Associated with Faecal Contamination of Household Drinking Water in a Rural Area, Vietnam." In Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9914-3_13.

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Bofill-Mas, Sílvia, Marta Rusiñol, Josep Fraile, Teresa Garrido, Antoni Munné, and Rosina Girones. "Specific Viruses Present in Polluted Groundwater Are Indicative of the Source of Nitrates and Faecal Contamination in Agricultural Areas." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2015_426.

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Humphrey, T. J., E. J. Threlfall, and and J. G. Cruickshank. "Salmonellosis." In Zoonoses. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192623805.003.0019.

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Abstract Over 2000 food poisoning serotypes of salmonella (bacterium) exist and the prevalence of individual serotypes constantly changes. Host-adapted strains may cause serious illness (e.g. 5. dublin in cattle, 5. pulorum in chickens), but most human food poisoning salmonellas do not cause clinical signs in animals. The main reservoirs for human infection are poultry, cattle, sheep, and pigs. Infection in animals is maintained by recycling slaughterhouse waste as animal feed, faecal- oral spread, and faecal contamination of hatching eggs. Transmission occurs when organisms, introduced into t
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Chun-zi, Ni, and Z. G. Huang. "FAECAL COLIFORM CONTAMINATION OF INTERTIDAL BIVALVES FROM HONG KONG." In The Malacofauna of Hong Kong and Southern China II (2 vols). Hong Kong University Press, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1515/9789882203884-035.

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Ionita Alexandrina and Toma Ovidiu. "Monitoring the Impact of Human Factors on Surface Waters to Prevent Ecological Disasters: Case Study on Faecal Pollution of Nicolina River, Iasi, Romania." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - E: Human and Societal Dynamics. IOS Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-039-0-178.

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Recent decades were characterized by an accelerated rhythm of industrialization and urbanization, these implying the rapid deterioration of water courses due to untreated discharges. It has been internationally acknowledged that water problems are severe, this being reflected in the growing international concern. This serious water pollution problem is because much of the sewage in urban areas goes untreated into rivers. As a result, surface waters and groundwater have been increasingly polluted due to industrial and domestic wastewater and agricultural runoff. Contamination of surface waters
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Koutsoumpeli, Eleni, Rhys Ashton, David Hunter, et al. "Co-Development of Technology for Measuring Faecal Contamination of Drinking Water." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3233/atde240837.

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Participatory approaches to innovation aim to address persistent failures of technology to respond to end-user needs and context. Here, we present the results of a transdisciplinary project aimed at co-developing new technologies for water quality monitoring in remote locations in developing countries. Drawing from critical social science, we developed and implemented a suite of approaches to engage community members and other regional stakeholders in an innovation process that is simultaneously social and technical. Part of our community engagement activities involved the sampling and molecul
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Crawford, Dorothy H. "6. Epidemics and pandemics." In Viruses: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198811718.003.0007.

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Once an acute emerging virus is successfully established in a population, it generally settles into a mode of cyclical epidemics during which many susceptible people are infected and become immune to further attack. When most are immune, the virus moves on, only returning when a new susceptible population has emerged, generally consisting of those born since the last epidemic. ‘Epidemics and pandemics’ considers historical epidemics of viruses, vaccination programmes, and the spread of viruses from one continent to another—pandemics. Airborne viruses mainly cause respiratory illnesses, like fl
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Crawford, Dorothy H. "Past Emerging Viruses." In Viruses. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845030.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on past emerging viruses. For our ancestors, it was their change in lifestyle from hunter-gatherer to farmer some 10,000 years ago that triggered an onslaught of new, emerging infectious diseases. The switch from the nomadic life to living in fixed communities, along with the change from hunting animals to their domestication, encouraged spillover of new viruses as well as other types of microbes. As such, the early farmers’ emerging viruses jumped from the animals they domesticated, while the cramped conditions of life in villages, and later towns, gave these viruses the
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Conference papers on the topic "Faecal contamination"

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Sabeeh George, Sahar. "Study The Microbial Content About Different Types Of Bread, Pastries and Sweets Sold in Local Market." In IX. International Scientific Congress of Pure, Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress9-29.

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This study was conducted in the microbiology laboratories of the College of Agriculture, University of Basra for the year 2021. Modern techniques (Petri film slides) were used to count (total aerobic bacteria, total coliform bacteria, faecal coliform bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, yeasts, and moulds) as they were collected from five different regions of Basra Governorate, which are (Abi al-Khasib, Old Basra, Algeria, Karma, and al-Ashar) from the shops scattered in these areas, and samples of some sweets, bread, and pastries (cakes with sesame, dumplings, date crumbs, local data, bread, and
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Juncu, Olga. "Incidența bacteriilor din genul salmonella. SPP la unele Unități de creștere a puiilor broiler și a găinilor ouătoare." In Scientific and practical conference with international participation: "Management of the genetic fund of animals – problems, solutions, outlooks". Scientific Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61562/mgfa2023.55.

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As a goal of this investigations was to establish the incidence of the circulation of pathogenic serotipes of the Salmonella spp. bacteria in the poultry enterprises specialized in the growth of broiler chickens and in the poultry factories specialized in production of eggs for current consumption. As material for the research were taken samples from the poultry rooms, and equipment, the faecal samples, shoe, surface washes from the equipment and the eggs for current consumption. The isolation and identification of bacteria from the genus Salmonella spp. were performed to the methodology in fo
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BAYNE, Robyn, Des PYLE, Kelly MAGUIRE, and Renee OOSTHUIZEN. "Examining water quality and transport implications of alternative supply during a drought in a South African municipality." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2024 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2024_20.

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The Eastern Cape Province is a drought-prone area and it had been impacted by water service delivery problems for several decades. At the same time, there have been widespread instances of the need to supply water from alternative potable sources as to meet the drinking water demand of the population. Further to this point, there is an ongoing need to collect and evaluate water quality data from drought-affected areas in the Eastern Cape. In the current study, the authors seek to achieve two aims. Firstly, there is a need to conduct an investigation of the potable water quality from the local
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H., Johns. "FUNDAMENTAL AUTARCHICAL SCREENING AND MICROBES EXERTION OF GERMANE SYLVESTRE." In SCIENCE AND MODERN SOCIETY: CURRENT ISSUES, ACHIEVEMENTS AND INNOVATIONS. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CURRENT RESEARCH CONFERENCES, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/iscrc-intconf04-01.

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The current investigation was done to assess the autarchical and antimicrobes action of Germane sylvestre against ten microbial strains causing oral contaminations. The subjective autarchical examinations were completed after the Ukn pharmacopeia and the techniques. The MIC estimations of the plant extricates were resolved against the chose test life forms utilizing the techniques as depicted by National Committee for Chemical Laboratory Standard and the in vitro antimicrobes movement was controlled by utilizing the agar plate dissemination strategy. The autarchical investigation completed unc
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Khalid MOHAMMED, Ansam, Nazih Wayes ZAID, and Mariam Hamdi ABDULKAREEM. "SECTION OF VETERINARY MEDICINE: MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNITY AND VIROLOGY. THE BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION WITH PROTEUS AND E. COLI IN CERVIX AND UTERINE OF COWS DURING THE DIFFERENT ESTRUS PHASES." In VIII.International ScientificCongressofPure,AppliedandTechnological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress8-15.

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The herein research was carried out in order to identified the presence of bacteria in cervix and uterine lumen in Iraqi cattle during the different estrus phase with focusing on Protus and E coli. Estrus phases were determined by the structures which found on ovary (follicular growth for pro-estrus, mature growing follicle for estrus, hemorrhagic corpus luteam for meta-estrus and active corpus luteam for di-eatrus). Forty cervical swabs (ten for each estrus phase) and forty uterine swabs (ten for each estrus phase) were taken from macroscopically healthy reproductive animals after slaughterin
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Reports on the topic "Faecal contamination"

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A. Komnos, Georgios, Antonios Papadopoulos, Efstratios Athanaselis, Theofilos Karachalios, and Sokratis E. Varitimidis. Migrating Periprosthetic Infection from a Total Hip Replacement to a Contralateral Non-Operated Osteoarthritic Knee Joint. Science Repository, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.ijscr.2022.03.02.

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Introduction: There is a paucity of published data on whether a treated infected arthroplasty is a risk factor for infection in another, non-operated joint. Contamination of a primary, arthritic, non-operated joint from an infected arthroplasty is a relatively rare entity. Case: We report a case of migration of a pathogen (Enterococcus faecalis) from an infected prosthetic joint (hip) to the contralateral native joint (knee). Identification of the pathogen was made with PCR, by obtaining cultures during the implantation of the primary knee prosthesis. Conclusion: Contamination of a primary, ar
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