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Books on the topic 'Failed adoptions'
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1
Juntumaa, Miira. Putting consumers' IT adoption in context: Failed link between attitudes and behavior. Aalto University, School of Economics, 2011.
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2
Rosengren, Eric S. Failed bank resolution and the collateral crunch : the advantages of adopting transferable puts. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 1992.
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Green, Kim. Finding Home: Walking Surrendered Through Terminal Cancer and Failed Adoption. Morgan James Publishing, 2020.
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Soderlund, Jean R. Quaker Women in Lenape Country. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814221.003.0013.
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This chapter examines the central role of Quaker women during the years 1675–1710 in developing the first colony founded by members of the Society of Friends in North America. As individuals, women Friends helped to fashion a multicultural society consistent with Quaker beliefs in religious liberty and pacifism by maintaining amicable relations with the Lenape Indians and non-Quaker European settlers. At the same time, however, Friends failed to acknowledge the inconsistency of exploiting enslaved African Americans with Quaker ideals. As leaders of the Salem, Burlington, Chesterfield, and Newton (later Haddonfield) monthly meetings, Quaker women also helped to shape West New Jersey society by strengthening rules of discipline to prevent their children and other Friends from marrying non-Quakers and adopting ‘outward vanities’.
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Jonathan, Bonnitcha, Skovgaard Poulsen Lauge N, and Waibel Michael. 8 Politics of Investment Treaties in Developing Countries. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198719540.003.0008.
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This chapter addresses the puzzle of why developing countries have so enthusiastically embraced investment treaties. For while investment treaties are formally reciprocal, foreign investment between developed and developing countries has traditionally flowed primarily from the former to the latter. It evaluates three potential explanations for why developing countries adopted the treaties—(i) investment promotion; (ii) promoting or tying in domestic reforms; and (iii) diplomatic and symbolic reasons. We then examine an important cross-cutting issue: the role of expertise. Regardless of the objectives that developing countries sought to achieve by adopting investment treaties, many failed to appreciate the risks and implications of the treaties. The chapter concludes by examining recent developments—including the newfound role of some developing countries as seeking rights for ‘their’ investors abroad.
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Caplan, Richard. Humanitarian Intervention. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851163.003.0008.
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States – Western ones, at least – have given increased weight to human rights and humanitarian norms as matters of international concern, with the authorization of legally binding enforcement measures to tackle humanitarian crises under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. These concerns were also developed outside the UN Security Council framework, following Tony Blair’s Chicago speech and the contemporaneous NATO action over Kosovo. This gave rise to international commissions and resulted, among other things, in the emergence of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) doctrine. The adoption of this doctrine coincided with a period in which there appeared to be a general decline in mass atrocities. Yet R2P had little real effect – it cannot be shown to have caused the fall in mass atrocities, only to have echoed it. Thus, the promise of R2P and an age of humanitarianism failed to emerge, even if the way was paved for future development.
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Reiser, Dana Brakman, and Steven A. Dean. Prioritizing Mission with a Mission-Protected Hybrid. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190249786.003.0003.
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This chapter describes how state legislatures could create a legal form of organization to brand trustworthy social enterprises. It identifies the two key components of such an organizational form, and explains how to implement them. It asserts that to brand adopting entities as trustworthy social enterprises, statutes must mandate that they prioritize social good. This will distinguish adopting entities from traditional for-profits and nonprofits, and enable reliable enforcement by identifying their primary objective. The chapter also argues that an effective legal form must contain multiple layers of enforcement. Along with adaptations of familiar disclosure requirements and litigation rights, it proposes a provocative new enforcement tool. If a social enterprise sheds the new form prematurely, or fails to meet its requirements, a percentage of its assets would be directed to a charity. Accepting the diversion of organizational assets to a mission-driven counterpart powerfully signals entrepreneurs’ and investors’ commitment.
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Ayyar, R. V. Vaidyanatha. The Blitzkrieg That Turned into a Stalemate (Kapil Sibal’s Tenure). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474943.003.0016.
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This chapter describes the extraordinary efforts made by Kapil Sibal to reform almost every aspect of education, and his refreshing courage in advocating polices shunned by the political class such as promotion of private participation, and encouraging reputed foreign institutions to establish campuses in India. It describes the successes he achieved like enactment of the RTE Act, and the heroic failure to enact as many as six acts which would have totally restructured the policy and regulatory framework of higher education. By focusing on the process and politics of policymaking it brings out that the failure was mainly due to strategic and tactical mistakes, and adopting a no-holds barred adversarial approach that is eminently appropriate in a courtroom is utterly inappropriate in policymaking. All in all, Sibal’s achievements and failure offer valuable lessons for policy entrepreneurship. It also describes the failed efforts of the Health Ministry to establish the National Commission for Human Resources for Health as a super-regulator in Medical Education in place of multiple regulatory authorities like the Medical Council, Dental Council and so on.
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Moeckli, Daniel, Helen Keller, and Corina Heri, eds. The Human Rights Covenants at 50. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825890.001.0001.
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Half a century ago, on 16 December 1966, the UN General Assembly adopted the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). While the adoption of the twin Covenants was celebrated all over the world, their fiftieth anniversary has received very little attention from the international community. This book marks this anniversary by taking stock of the first half-century of the existence of what are probably the world’s two most important human rights treaties. It does so by reflecting on what the Covenants have achieved (or failed to achieve) in the years that have passed, determining and comparing their current influence in the various regions of the world, and assessing their potential roles in the future. The book contains papers presented during a symposium held in Zurich in 2016, which brought together experts and stakeholders from a range of disciplines and world regions. Some fundamental issues addressed by the contributors are as old as the two Covenants themselves. They concern, for example, the division of human rights into first- and second-generation rights, and the question of whether there should be one central monitoring body—possibly a world court—or more than just one. Other important questions dealt with are how the Covenants should be interpreted and who is bound by them. However, the contributors go beyond such questions, which have been explored before; they develop new answers to old questions and point to new challenges.
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Wangui, Edna. Adaptation to Current and Future Climate in Pastoral Communities Across Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.604.
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Pastoralists around the world are exposed to climate change and increasing climate variability. Various downscaled regional climate models in Africa support community reports of rising temperatures as well as changes in the seasonality of rainfall and drought. In addition to climate, pastoralists have faced a second exposure to unsupportive policy environments. Dating back to the colonial period, a lack of knowledge about pastoralism and a systemic marginalization of pastoral communities influenced the size and nature of government investments in pastoral lands. National governments prioritized farming communities and failed to pay adequate attention to drylands and pastoral communities. The limited government interventions that occurred were often inconsistent with contemporary realities of pastoralism and pastoral communities. These included attempts at sedentarization and modernization, and in other ways changing the priorities and practices of pastoral communities.The survival of pastoral communities in Africa in the context of this double exposure has been a focus for scholars, development practitioners, as well as national governments in recent years. Scholars initially drew attention to pastoralists’ drought-coping strategies, and later examined the multiple ways in which pastoralists manage risk and exploit unpredictability. It has been learned that pastoralists are rational land managers whose experience with variable climate has equipped them with the skills needed for adaptation. Pastoralists follow several identifiable adaptation paths, including diversification and modification of their herds and herding strategies; adoption of livelihood activities that did not previously play a permanent role; and a conscious decision to train the next generation for nonpastoral livelihoods. Ongoing government interventions around climate change still prioritize cropping over herding. Sometimes, such nationally supported adaptation plans can undermine community-based adaptation practices, autonomously evolving within pastoral communities. Successful adaptation hinges on recognition of the value of autonomous adaptation and careful integration of such adaptation with national plans.
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Davis, Jake H. The Embodiment of Virtue. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190490447.003.0012.
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This chapter surveys some specific ways in which virtue can be, and can fail to be, embodied by human beings. Much of the discussion of ethics in modern Western philosophy has focused on applying abstract principles of right and wrong to outward actions. Adopting a cross-cultural and empirically-based approach to ethics opens up a range of less obvious and perhaps philosophically more interesting ways in which virtue depends on, and can be supported by, our human embodiment. I survey three areas where drawing on sources such as early Confucian and Buddhist texts may prove particularly useful in pushing our investigation of virtue beyond its current confines. These include the training of behavioral dispositions in social contexts; the training of habits of attention in relation to embodied emotion; and finally an examination of internal ethical conflict as embodied emotional motivations.
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Tsuruda, Sabine. The Moral Burdens of Temporary Farmwork. Edited by Anne Barnhill, Mark Budolfson, and Tyler Doggett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372263.013.31.
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This chapter discusses how agricultural guest worker programs fail to treat guest workers as moral equals. Such programs are typically justified on the theory that they enable host countries to cheaply meet labor needs while offering nonresidents access to higher wages than in their home countries. The chapter explains how, to participate in the programs, guest workers must rupture personal and political ties to then come to a new country and either not establish new relations or rupture the new ones when their work authorization expires. The chapter argues that adopting such programs to reduce the amount of farmwork host-country residents must perform treats guest workers’ interests in associational life as less valuable than the like interests of host-country residents. It concludes that even if the programs could ensure decent working conditions, the programs’ unjustified effect on associational life recommends ceasing such programs under their current formulation and, instead, extending a path to citizenship to guest workers.
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Detterman, Robin, Jenny Ventura, Lihi Rosenthal, and Ken Berrick. Unconditional Education. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886516.001.0001.
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After decades of reform, America's public schools continue to fail particular groups of students; the greatest opportunity gaps are faced by those whose achievement is hindered by complex stressors, including disability, trauma, poverty, and institutionalized racism. When students' needs overwhelm the neighborhood schools assigned to serve them, they are relegated to increasingly isolated educational environments. Unconditional Education (UE) offers an alternate approach that transforms schools into communities where all students can thrive. It reduces the need for more intensive and costly future remediation by pairing a holistic, multi-tiered system of supports with an intentional focus on overall culture and climate, and promotes systematic coordination and integration of funding and services by identifying gaps and eliminating redundancies to increase the efficient allocation of available resources. This book is an essential resource for mental health and educational stakeholders (i.e., school social workers, therapists, teachers, school administrators, and district-level leaders) who are interested in adopting an unconditional approach to supporting the students within their schools.
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Rahmani, Masoumeh. Drifting through Samsara. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579961.001.0001.
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Goenka’s Vipassana movement is distinguished for its consistent refusal to identify as Buddhist and its rich rhetorical repertoire for repackaging Theravada Buddhist teachings in pseudo-scientific and secular language. This book is an in-depth qualitative study of Goenka’s movement in New Zealand. It illustrates the implication of the movement’s discourse on shaping unique processes and narratives of conversion and disengagement. It argues that conversion to this movement is tacit and paradoxically results in the members’ rejection of religious labels and categories. The book subsequently examines disengagement in the context of tacit conversion, outlining three pathways: (1) pragmatic leaving, (2) disaffiliation, and (3) deconversion. Pragmatic leavers refer to individuals who disengaged prior to developing a commitment and their language is characterised by pragmatisms, dualistic discourse, and ambivalence, and their post-disengagement involves an active gravitation towards practices with easily accomplished goals. Disaffiliates and deconverts are individuals who disengaged after years of intense commitment to the movement. One of the distinguishing features of disaffiliation narratives is self-doubt resulting from the movement’s ambiguous discourse regarding progress, and that post-disengagement often involves the retrospective adoption of the Buddhist identity. The book argues that consequential to its linguistic strategies as well as the movement’s relation to the host culture, deconversion from this movement is a rare exit pattern. The book thus also questions the normative participant recruitment approach in conversion studies and argues that a simple reliance on the informants’ identification or rejection of categories fails to encompass the tonalities of conversion in the contemporary spiritual landscape.
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Vogel, Steven K. Marketcraft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699857.001.0001.
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Modern-day markets do not arise spontaneously but are crafted by individuals, by firms, and most of all, by governments. Thus marketcraft represents a core function of government comparable to statecraft. This book begins with the recognition that there are no free markets and that all markets are crafted, and then systematically examines the implications for analysis and policy. Scholars and policymakers are often trapped by a false dichotomy of government versus market that impairs their ability to recognize the multidimensionality of market governance. They tend to view market reform as “deregulation,” for example, when it actually entails the construction of more rules, the adoption of new business practices, and the diffusion of market norms. Chapter 2 reviews the many elements of marketcraft, from corporate law to antitrust enforcement. Chapter 3 demonstrates how the United States, heralded as the “freest” of market economies, is actually the most heavily regulated. Chapter 4 shows how Japan’s effort to liberalize its economy actually required more regulation, not less. And Chapter 5 contends that even those scholars who focus on market institutions sometimes fail to appreciate the full ramifications of their own arguments. And it concludes with policy lessons for both progressives and market liberals. For progressives, the core lesson is that since markets are always governed, then the government can address a wide range of social goals by reforming that governance. For market liberals, the lesson is that if you appreciate the magic of markets, then you should want them to be governed well.