Relevant bibliographies by topics / Failed bid

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Failed bid'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Failed bid"

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Kassens-Noor, Eva, and John Lauermann. "Mechanisms of policy failure: Boston’s 2024 Olympic bid." Urban Studies 55, no. 15 (2017): 3369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017740286.

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Planning for mega-events such as the Olympics is at a turning point. There has been a power shift in the relationship between cities and the International Olympic Committee towards the former. This shift is based on the emergence of anti-bid opposition movements; the increasing complexity of bidding; demands for locally relevant legacies; and a changing political economic relationship between citizens, city governments and sports federations. Our paper draws on a long-term study of Boston’s failed bid to host the 2024 Summer Olympics, based on an ethnography within the bidding corporation and interviews with pro- and anti-bid stakeholders. We lay out the reasons why the Boston bid failed, and conclude that bid failure involves factors that work against elitist powers and towards democratic beneficiaries.
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Rosado Marzán, César F. "PIRATES OF THE CARIBBEAN: SEIU'S FAILED BID IN PUERTO RICO." WorkingUSA 12, no. 2 (2009): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-4580.2009.00231.x.

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van Dijk, Terry, and Gerd Weitkamp. "Power in Dreams? The Spatial Effects of Chicago's Failed Olympic Bid." International Planning Studies 19, no. 2 (2013): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.830681.

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Atif, Salman. "Appointed Person rejects appeal that two DG decisions are inconsistent." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 15, no. 1 (2019): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz155.

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McKay, Huw. "Tokyo's Ultimately Failed Bid for First-Tier International Financial Center Status: Why Did It Fall Short?" Asian Economic Papers 13, no. 3 (2014): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00287.

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Tokyo's bid to ascend to the very top tier of international financial centers (IFCs) was ultimately unsuccessful. This paper argues that to overcome the large disadvantages of being a latecomer, the IFC goal must be elevated above other competing objectives so that the necessary intermediate steps can be achieved in timely fashion. The most important specific failing was the inability of the Japanese yen to become a major international vehicle currency. With a sharper and earlier policy focus, particularly in the area of yen trade invoicing, Tokyo's bid for first tier IFC status would have been a more compelling one.
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Sutton, Vivien R., Joanne E. Davis, Michael Cancilla, et al. "Initiation of Apoptosis by Granzyme B Requires Direct Cleavage of Bid, but Not Direct Granzyme B–Mediated Caspase Activation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 192, no. 10 (2000): 1403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.192.10.1403.

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The essential upstream steps in granzyme B–mediated apoptosis remain undefined. Herein, we show that granzyme B triggers the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway through direct cleavage of Bid; however, cleavage of procaspases was stalled when mitochondrial disruption was blocked by Bcl-2. The sensitivity of granzyme B–resistant Bcl-2–overexpressing FDC-P1 cells was restored by coexpression of wild-type Bid, or Bid with a mutation of its caspase-8 cleavage site, and both types of Bid were cleaved. However, Bid with a mutated granzyme B cleavage site remained intact and did not restore apoptosis. Bid with a mutation preventing its interaction with Bcl-2 was cleaved but also failed to restore apoptosis. Rapid Bid cleavage by granzyme B (<2 min) was not delayed by Bcl-2 overexpression. These results clearly placed Bid cleavage upstream of mitochondrial Bcl-2. In granzyme B–treated Jurkat cells, endogenous Bid cleavage and loss of mitochondrial membrane depolarization occurred despite caspase inactivation with z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone or Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone. Initial partial processing of procaspase-3 and -8 was observed irrespective of Bcl-2 overexpression; however, later processing was completely abolished by Bcl-2. Overall, our results indicate that mitochondrial perturbation by Bid is necessary to achieve a lethal threshold of caspase activity and cell death due to granzyme B.
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Bandyopadhyay, Kausik. "In search of an Olympic legacy: the story of India's failed Olympic bid." Sport in Society 17, no. 5 (2013): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.834619.

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Bussel, James B., Allison M. Schindler, and Elliott B. Grossbard. "R935788: A Phase II, Single Center, Open Label, Efficacy and Safety, Ascending Dose, Pilot Study for the Treatment of Adult Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1310.1310.

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Abstract Syk kinase is central to FcR and B-cell signaling in inflammatory cells. By inhibiting syk, and thereby IgG signaling, R788 (a small molecule prodrug for biologically active R406), inhibits the downstream activation of mast cells, macrophages and B-cells. (Braselmann S. Pharm Exp Ther. 2006). Preclinical study showed that R788 minimized thrombocytopenia in mice treated with anti-platelet antibodies (Crow, A.R. Blood 2005). In this study, adult, refractory ITP patients (pts) were treated with escalating doses of R788 in cohorts of ≥3 pts to evaluate safety and efficacy. After a cohort completed four weeks, the next cohort could be initiated. Pts completed 2 weeks of dosing before the dose could be increased (by 25 mg twice daily). Dosing was initiated at 75mg PO BID to 150 mg PO BID. Pts who responded and then had their platelet (plt) counts (cts) decline, could have their dose increased to a maximum of 175mg bid. Safety: 14 pts entered the study, 10 after failed splenectomy and 5 who were >70 yo. Six pts withdrew due to failure to respond (4) or gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (2). GI symptoms (vomiting & diarrhea) were seen in 5 of 14 pts with mild elevations in ALT in 2 pts (2 >2XULN, one of whom had pre-existing hepatitis). Two pts were hospitalized for GI side effects (dehydration) and one developed an unrelated UTI with subsequent diagnosis of DVT. R788 also elevated blood pressure in some pts but appeared to not have a significant effect on neutrophil counts. Efficacy: By protocol standards, 9/14 pts are considered responders with stable platelet counts > 30,000/ul (30k). Six pts had peak counts > 100k. The mean change from pre treatment to the peak count in the 8 on study pts was 125k. Two pts, who previously had failed a wide range of other treatments, have maintained counts generally above 20k completing > 20 weeks of study with 0 and 1 IVIG treatments respectively, in each for the first time in > 10 years that they achieved prolonged avoidance of IVIG. Five had not responded to a thrombopoietic agent, 2 of whom responded to R788. Two responders discontinued the study because of nausea and vomiting at the dose that provided a response. Conclusions: The effects of R788 treatment are preliminary but, despite GI toxicity in certain patients, nonetheless impressive in this very refractory ITP population. Certain pts have had important clinical although numerically unimpressive benefit. Further studies are ongoing including studies of FcR expression before and after treatment. Patients Currently On Study Patient Baseline Plt Count x 109/L Peak Plt Count x 109/L (w/o IVIG) Most Recent Plt Count x 109/L Total Wks On Study Current Dose 001 14 49 20 30 175mg BID 002 22 222 18 24 175mg BID 003 32 158 37 24 150mg BID 007 20 111 40 21 100mg BID 008 22 205 205 19 125mg BID 009 46 329 329 14 100mg BID 011 45 124 124 11 125mg BID 014 107 107 36 6 125mg BID Mean 38 163 Patients Withdrawn From Study Patients Baseline Plt Count x 109/L Peak Plt Count x 109/L (w/o IVIG) End Of Study Plt Count x 109/L Total Wks On Study Highest Dose 004 12 11 11 19 175mg BID 005 12 66 11 14 150mg BID 010 18 13 21 11 175mg BID 012 17 17 14 3 125mg BID 013 25 159 97 5 150mg BID 015 3 13 13 4 125mg BID Mean 14 46
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Armour, Ian D. "Hungary's Failed Bid to Control Serbia: The Trial of Prince Alexander Karadordević, 1868–1871." International History Review 31, no. 4 (2009): 740–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2009.9641171.

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Chini, C., I. Proserpio, M. E. Giudici, G. Pinotti, B. Pozzi, and C. Capella. "Very long term outcome of patients with gastric marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa associated tissue (MALT) following Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 7531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.7531.

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7531 Background: Hp infection plays a decisive role in the pathogenesis of low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma and eradication therapy has become a widely accepted initial treatment of stage I disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long term outcome of patients (pts) with localized gastric MALT lymphoma exclusively treated with Hp eradication therapy. Methods: a prospective series of 62 newly diagnosed IE gastric MALT lymphoma pts (29M/33F) with median age of 63 years (range 27–87), referred to our department from June 1991 to January 2004 were evaluable for the study. Diagnosis was histologically proved and Hp status was evaluated. Staging was performed according to the modified Ann Arbor system. All pts received the triple eradicating therapy (OMC: omeprazole 20 mg bid, metronidazole 400 mg bid and clarithromycin 500 mg bid or OAC: omeprazole 20 mg bid, amoxycillin 1,000 mg bid and clarithromycin 500 mg bid) for one week. Response, evaluated every 6 months with multiple biopsies, was graded according to the Wotherspoon’s histologic scoring system. Results: Hp was eradicated in all patients, but 8 pts required a second line antibiotic therapy; symptoms disappeared or markedly diminished and endoscopic features improved in all pts. Histological remission (score 0–2) was observed in 57 pts (91.9%) after a median time of 6 months (range 2–72); 5 pts (8.1%) who failed to respond were referred to other treatments. With a median follow-up time of 76 months (range 12–162) the histological remission persists in 27/57 pts (47,4%); 21/57 pts (36.8%) have a continuous histological score fluctuation (from 0 to 4); 8/57 (14%) pts had an histological relapse (score 5) after a median time of 12 months (range 6–48) without Hp reinfection and 6 of them had a second spontaneous histological remission. The OS at 76 months is 93%. Only one patient died for an high grade gastric MALT lymphoma transformation. Conclusion: the majority of pts with gastric MALT lymphoma have a favourable long term outcome, independently of the pathological remission; eradication therapy may offer a real chance of cure. Watch and wait policy in agreement pts who failed to respond could be considered an option outside of clinical trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Failed bid"

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Krause, Cindy. "Großereignisbewerbungen als Instrument aktiver Stadtentwicklungspolitik:." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-212410.

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Seit den 1990er Jahren werden Großereignisse in der Stadtsoziologie und den Planungswissenschaften als Instrumente der Stadtentwicklungspolitik diskutiert. Großereignissen wie den Olympischen Spielen, Weltausstellungen, Gartenschauen oder der Europäischen Kulturhauptstadt eilt der Ruf voraus, Entwicklungsimpulse in den Ausrichterstädten zu setzen oder einen Wendepunkt in der Stadtentwicklung zu markieren. Die fachliche Diskussion eint, dass Großereignisse die Umsetzung von Stadtentwicklungsprojekten beschleunigt. Ebenso gehört die Mobilisierung von Fördermitteln, die Bündelung personeller Ressourcen und die Stärkung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Ausrichterstadt zu weiteren bekannten Auswirkungen. Diese zu erwartenden positiven Effekte motiviert Städte immer wieder sich für Großereignisse zu bewerben. Doch was passiert, wenn Städte mit der Großereignisbewerbung scheitern? Die Dissertation konzentriert sich auf das Phänomen, dass zwischen 2000 und 2010 eine Vielzahl deutscher Städte mehrfach mit Bewerbungen für Großereignisse scheiterten. Inwieweit bestand ein Zusammenhang zwischen den verschiedenen Bewerbungsprozessen einer Stadt bzw. zu Stadtentwicklungsstrategien? Welche Effekte riefen die Bewerbungsprozesse in den Städten hervor und worauf lassen sich die Effekte zurückführen? Diesen Fragen wird durch die Analyse von 11 Fallstädten nachgegangen. Die recherchierten und aufgearbeiteten Informationen über die gescheiterten Großereignisbewerbungen und deren Effekte zeigen, dass die Bewerbungsprozesse oftmals der Ausgangspunkt für weitere Entwicklungen gewesen sind. Bewerbungsbücher, Bewerbungskonzeptionen und Machbarkeitsstudien enthalten viele Informationen über die Bewerberstädte, Zukunftsideen und Projekte zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität in der Stadt. Sie stellen damit Belege dar, die einen bestimmten Entwicklungsabschnitt der ehemaligen Bewerberstädte dokumentieren und strategischen Stadtentwicklungsdokumenten ähneln.
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Chan, Chi-fai Simon, and 陳志輝. "How urban design has failed in Hong Kong: a policy-implementation perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979865.

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Rodrigues, Rui Filipe Silva. "Auto industry bailout: too big to fail. To big for whom?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11537.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics<br>The bailout of the American Auto Industry is considered the largest government intervention in industrial America since the Second World War. Almost 80 billion dollars were injected in an industry that in 2007 represented 1 million manufacturing jobs, and 3.7% of the American GDP. This work project intends to study the impact of such an occurrence in other economic Sectors of the American Economy, by looking at how the Share Price Returns of the major American firms react to the Auto Bailout Events. Some Sectors seem more tightly connected to the Auto Industry than others. The perception of the Bailout Events is also different according to the Sector and to the spectrum of time considered.
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Lehnert, Markus. "Präferenzanalyse ethischer Produkte : eine verhaltenswissenschaftliche Analyse am Beispiel von Bio und Fairtrade /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/99467807X/04.

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Chan, Wing-hung Jeffrey, and 陳永雄. "The television station that failed to sparkle: a study of the turnaround of Asia Television Limitedduring 1988-93." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31265972.

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Au, Yuen-shan, and 區婉珊. "A study on the problem of Hong Kong's nursing shortage: how and why policy makers have failed to tackle it." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46755366.

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Kashubara, Pete Zachary II. "Too Big to Fail| Principal Professional Development?Perceptions of Secondary Principals." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10639801.

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<p> The purpose of this study was to examine how high school principals in a large urban district in the Southeastern United States view their professional development by gathering data on the essentials of professional development that support principals in carrying out their expanding roles, promoting the professional growth and efficacy of principals, and fostering the overall success of the schools they lead. Principal perceptions of professional development directly affect the extent to which they engage in and garner knowledge and skills from professional development activities. This semi-structured qualitative interview study asked 16 high school principals about their professional development experiences. Three major themes emerged from the data including: (a) improved outcomes and efficacy for practicing high school principals, (b) development of the characteristics desired for professional development, and (c) Adult Learning Theory correlated to preferred delivery models. Within each theme, implications of the study are discussed and recommendations for high school principal and districts are presented. </p><p>
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Normann, Parker M. "The role of 'Too Big to Fail' status in bank merger activity." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2950.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Mason University, 2007.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 21, 2008). Thesis director: Bryan Caplan. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Vita: p. 150. Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-149). Also available in print.
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Rengier, Lukas [Verfasser]. "Too Big to Fail als Frage des Kartellrechts : Wettbewerbseffekte, Fusionskontrolle und Entflechtung / Lukas Rengier." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1108809634/34.

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Januschke, Kristin. ""Ökologisch fairer Welthandel" zum Spannungsfeld von Handel, Umwelt und Entwicklung /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96395556X.

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Books on the topic "Failed bid"

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Oliver, Robert, and John Lauermann. Failed Olympic Bids and the Transformation of Urban Space. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59823-3.

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Calman, Stephanie. Confessions of a failed grown-up: Bad motherhood and beyond. Pan, 2008.

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Phillips, Kevin. Bad money: Reckless finance, failed politics, and the global crisis of American capitalism. Viking, 2008.

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Phillips, Kevin. Bad money: Reckless finance, failed politics, and the global crisis of American capitalism. Viking, 2008.

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Phillips, Kevin P. Bad money: Reckless finance, failed politics, and the global crisis of American capitalism. Viking, 2008.

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Why the third way failed: Economics, morality and the origins of the "Big Society". Policy Press, 2010.

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The big Sheppartonian: A life of Sir Andrew Fairley. Arcadia, 2015.

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Burchett, Dave. When bad Christians happen to good people: Where we have failed each other and how to reverse the damage. WaterBrook Press, 2011.

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Kaufman, George G. Post-resolution treatment of depositors at failed banks: Implications for the severity of banking crises, systemic risk, and too-big-to-fail. International Monetary Fund, Monetary and Exchange Affairs Department, 2001.

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Armey, Richard K. The freedom revolution: The new Republican House majority leader tells why big government failed, why freedom works, and how we will rebuild America. Regnery Pub., 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Failed bid"

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Oliver, Robert, and John Lauermann. "Post-bid Legacies?" In Failed Olympic Bids and the Transformation of Urban Space. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59823-3_5.

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Oliver, Robert, and John Lauermann. "Post-bid Rescaling." In Failed Olympic Bids and the Transformation of Urban Space. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59823-3_6.

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Oliver, Robert, and John Lauermann. "Anti-bid Politics." In Failed Olympic Bids and the Transformation of Urban Space. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59823-3_7.

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Oliver, Robert, and John Lauermann. "Policy Mobilities and the Bid." In Failed Olympic Bids and the Transformation of Urban Space. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59823-3_3.

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Oliver, Robert, and John Lauermann. "Why Bid? The Logic of Pursuing Sports Mega-Events." In Failed Olympic Bids and the Transformation of Urban Space. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59823-3_1.

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Chatterjee, Sayan, Jeffrey S. Harrison, and Donald D. Bergh. "The Influence of Governance Characteristics on the Strategic Response to a Failed Takeover Bid." In Handbook of Top Management Teams. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230305335_59.

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Preuss, Holger, Jörg Königstorfer, and Till Dannewald. "Contingent Valuation Measurement for Staging the Olympic Games: The Failed Bid to Host the 2018 Winter Games in Munich." In Perspektiven des Dienstleistungsmanagements. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28672-9_23.

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Dauncey, Hugh. "The Failed Bid for Lyon ’68, and France’s Winter Olympics from Grenoble ’68 to Annecy 2018: French Politics, Civil Society and Olympic Mega-Events." In Olympic Games, Mega-Events and Civil Societies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230359185_5.

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Oliver, Robert, and John Lauermann. "Planning Across Bids." In Failed Olympic Bids and the Transformation of Urban Space. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59823-3_4.

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Oliver, Robert, and John Lauermann. "Conclusion: Rethinking the Horizons of Failed Bids." In Failed Olympic Bids and the Transformation of Urban Space. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59823-3_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Failed bid"

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Adebiyi, Juwon, Adebola Bada, Daniel Maduagwu, and Emem Udoh. "Practical Approach for Implementation of the Revised National Policy on Occupational Safety and Health 2020 in the Informal Sector: A Focus on South-South Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208225-ms.

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Abstract The regulation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in Nigeria, which is currently seeing some progress in the formal sector, has been short of impressive in the informal sector of the economy. Con- sidering it is the role of every government to ensure that all sectors of the economy operate in a manner that guarantees and ensures the safety and well-being of its citizens, Article 4 of International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 155- Occupational Safety and Health Convention was ratified by the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN) in 1994, which led to the development of a coherent National Policy on Occupational Safety and Health in 2006. This, inter alia, failed to address the informal sector; hence the Revised National Policy on OSH 2020 was introduced by the Govern- ment, through the office of the Honorable Minister of the Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment, as a framework for bridging the existing gap. In a bid to ensure the success of the Policy document, the Department of Occupational Safety and Health of the Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment was designated the Competent Authority by the Government. This paper takes a look at the stakeholders in the informal sector of the economy, focusing on the south- south part of Nigeria, and identifies some of the challenges hampering the effective implementation of Occupational Safety and Health systems needed for the promotion of safety and health at workplaces. It concludes by providing a practical tool that can be a guide for the policy users, especially in the in- formal sector of the Nigerian economy, in alignment with the second of the three determinants of the future of energy, as captured in the theme for NAICE 2021: "The Future of energy – a trilogy of de- terminants; Climate Change, Public Health, and the Global Oil Market".
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Neff, Gina. "From Bad Users and Failed Uses to Responsible Technologies." In AIES '20: AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3375627.3377141.

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Kume, Izuru, Masahide Nakamura, Naoya Nitta, and Etsuya Shibayama. "Analyzing Execution Traces of Failed Programs for Materializing Chain of Infection." In 2017 5th Intl Conf on Applied Computing and Information Technology/4th Intl Conf on Computational Science/Intelligence and Applied Informatics/2nd Intl Conf on Big Data, Cloud Computing, Data Science (ACIT-CSII-BCD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acit-csii-bcd.2017.68.

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Dawood, M. K., T. H. Ng, P. K. Tan, et al. "Study of Static Noise Margin and Circuit Analysis on Advanced Technology Node SRAM Devices by Nanoprobing." In ISTFA 2013. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2013p0505.

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Abstract With further technology scaling, it becomes increasingly challenging for conventional methods of failure analysis (FA) to identify the cause of a failure. In this work, we present three case studies on the utilization of advanced nanoprobing for SRAM circuit analysis and fault identification on 20 nm technology node SRAM single bit devices. In the first 2 case studies, conventional failure analysis by passive voltage contrast (PVC) failed to identify any abnormality in the known failed bit. In the third case study, an abnormally bright PVC was observed by PVC inspection. In all three case studies, static noise margin of the SRAM bits during hold and read operations were performed to understand the circuit behavior of the failed bit cell. Next, nanoprobing on the individual transistors were performed to determine the failing transistor within the bit and the possible cause of the failure. TEM analysis was performed to identify and verify the failure mechanism.
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Lynskey, Gerard. "Too big to fail?" In 2016 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citcon.2016.7742676.

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Shi, Zhengang, Jiaji Yang, Ni Mo, Xingnan Liu, and Yan Zhou. "Design and Implementation of Redundant Sensors in Active Magnetic Bearing." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67758.

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With the advantages of frictionless, no need of lubrication, no pollution, low consuming and long life, active magnetic bearing (AMB) is applied in the primary helium circulator of the High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor-Pebble bed Module (HTR-PM), which is under construction in Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant. Active magnetic bearing is a typical mechatronic system with interconnection of mechanical and electronic components with the function of picking up signals, processing and producing. Displacement sensor is an important component to pick up signals for stability control, and also the most susceptible part to fail due to variation of air temperature and vibration of high rotation speed. However, rotating system can’t run normally if a single sensor fails in AMB without redundancy design. For security considerations, higher reliability is required in some special equipment, especially in primary helium circulator of HTR-PM. Design and implementation of redundant sensors is an effective method. This paper reviewed the present research of fault diagnosis and redundant control of displacement sensors, simulation of coil’s short-circuit and open-circuit fault was made with MATLAB/SIMULINK. Parameters were optimized for fault diagnostic circuit by Multisim. Based on the high reliability demand, redundancy design was applied both on structure and control system in AMB. Schematic drawing and PCB board were finished by Altium Design, and experiments were carried out. The result showed that if the coils of sensor failed, AMB system could still work normally by switching to the redundant sensors automatically.
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7

Yang, Jessica, Omprakash Rengaraj, Puneet Gupta, and Rudolf Schlangen. "MBIST Driven SRAM Failure Analysis Using Laser Voltage Imaging and Laser Voltage Probing." In ISTFA 2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2019p0179.

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Abstract Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) failure analysis (FA) is important during chip-level reliability evaluation and yield improvement. Single-bit, paired-bit, and quad-bit failures—whose defect should be at the failing bit-cell locations—can be directly sent for Physical Failure Analysis (PFA). For one or multiple row/column failures with too large of a suspected circuit area, more detailed fault isolation is required before PFA. Currently, Photon Emission Microscopy (PEM) is the most commonly used Electrical Failure Analysis (EFA) technique for this kind of fail [1]. Soft-Defect Localization / Dynamic Laser Stimulation (SDL/DLS) can also be applied on soft (Vmin) row/column fails for further isolation [2]. However, some failures do not have abnormal emission spots or DLS sensitivity and require different localization techniques. Laser Voltage Imaging (LVI) and Laser Voltage Probing (LVP) are widely established for logic EFA, [3] but require periodic activation via ATE which may not be possible using MBIST hardware and test-patterns optimized for fast production testing. This paper discusses the test setup challenges to enable LVI &amp; LVP on SRAM fails and includes two case studies on &amp;lt;14 nm advanced process silicon.
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8

Chen, C. Q., Z. H. Mai, G. B. Ang, et al. "Static Fault Isolation on the Functional Failure Analysis." In ISTFA 2014. ASM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2014p0388.

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Abstract As the technology keeps scaling down and IC design becomes more and more complex, failure analysis becomes much more challenging, especially for static fault isolation. For semiconductor foundry FA, it will become even more challenging due to lack of enough information. Static fault isolation is the major global fault isolation methodology in foundry FA and it is difficult to access and trigger the failing signal detected by scan and BIST test, which is widely applied in modern IC design. Because, in most of the time, the normal two pin bias (Vdd and Vss) can only get the comparable IV result between bad unit and the reference unit for function related fail. There are two possibilities from reverse engineering perspective. Firstly, the defect location may not be accessed by the DC bias. Secondly, even if the defect can be accessed, but the defect induced current or voltage change is too small to be differentiated from the overall signal. So it will be concealed in the overall current. However, it is still possible for us to do global fault isolation for the second situation. In this paper, a unit with Iddoff failure was analyzed. Although, no significant IV difference was observed between failed and reference units, a distinct Photon Emission (EMMI) spot was successfully observed in the failed unit. Layout analysis and process analysis on this EMMI spot further confirmed the reality of the emission spot.
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Fredrickson, R., R. Young, J. Cournoyer, and M. Schmidt. "A Novel Approach of Identifying Silicon Defects Using Passive Voltage Contrast Techniques Leading to Utilization of In-Line SEM Based Voltage Contrast Inspections to Drive Closed Loop Process Optimization and Defect Elimination." In ISTFA 2004. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2004p0401.

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Abstract The formation of silicon defects in 0.18um and smaller technology nodes has become a challenging device level defect to identify and eliminate. In this paper, we present a new method of passive voltage contrast that was initially used to locate silicon defects, experimental results revealing the key contributors to the formation of these defects, and a method of in-line identification by correlating SEM based in-line defect inspections to end of line SRAM fail bit maps. Silicon defects that form along the edge of an active region connect the source and drain with a low resistance leakage path that are successfully detected at later processing layers using voltage contrast techniques with a SEM based In-line inspection tool as well as after processing by using our method of passive voltage contrast. The systematic nature of this defect produces a consistent SRAM memory fail mode of single column fails. When these silicon defects are present, single column fails dominate the usual single and double bit fail modes. The physical location of the failing columns can be mapped back to the defect locations produced from the in-line inspections. This method was utilized to interpret experimental results in an effort to determine process parameters that produce silicon defects. It was found that STI depth plays a key role in the formation of these defects. Experiments were run where the depth was intentionally put at worst case so that the effectiveness of several alternative processes to repair the defects could be evaluated. It was shown that modulating the STI liner oxidation temperature had the largest effect compared to several other process parameters.
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Chen, C. Q., P. T. Ng, S. P. Neo, P. K. Tan, A. C. T. Quah, and J. Zhu. "Application of Nanoprobing on Subtle Defects in the Embedded Non-Volatile Memory Device." In ISTFA 2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2019p0336.

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Abstract Non-volatile memory is the most important memory device in IC chips. As a memory, embedded non-volatile memory (NVM) is a fundamental structure in many kinds of semiconductor devices. It is commonly used in the modern electrical appliance as a code or data memory. For different applications, there are different memory designs or IP, like ROM, OTP, Flash, MRAM, PCRAM etc. The physical mechanism of these NVMs are different, some are electron based, some are resistance based and fuse or anti-fused based. The experiment described in this paper is performed on an electron charge storage based NVM. That means a medium is employed to store electron charge to differentiate two statuses “0” and “1”. Floating Poly gate is this medium used as electron charge storage in this NVM. Since the storage medium is in floating condition, it cannot be accessed externally. The methods of performing direct analysis are limited for this kind of device, especially in the case of subtle defects or soft fail. As semiconductor devices scale, the defects become smaller and more subtle. Nanoprobing is usually the only way to find the defect location electrically before any further physical analysis. In this experiment, the single bit NVM fail was analyzed. Different PFA methods used during the analysis, failed to find the defect. Nanoprobing was employed to precisely isolate the defect. Key word: nanoprobing, NVM, subtle defect, Poly-crystalline, floating gate
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Reports on the topic "Failed bid"

1

Jones, Bradley E. Losing Turkey? Implications of a Failed Turkish EU Bid. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada543995.

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Knight, Thomas G. US Intervention in Failed States: Bad Assumptions=Poor Outcomes. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441524.

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Mishkin, Frederic. How Big a Problem is Too Big to Fail? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11814.

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4

Gorton, Gary, and Ellis Tallman. Too-Big-To-Fail Before the Fed. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22064.

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Gormley, Todd, Simon Johnson, and Changyong Rhee. Ending "Too Big To Fail": Government Promises vs. Investor Perceptions. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17518.

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