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Journal articles on the topic 'Failed cladding'
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1
Liu, Jinxia, Chao Ma, Luda Yu, Yu Wang, and Zhiyuan Jiao. "Remanufacturing of nodular cast iron crankshaft with plasma cladding." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 6 (2018): 168781401877985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018779852.
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Remanufacturing technology has a wide range of applications in the repair of scrapped parts with a certain remaining service life. In this work, a scrapped crankshaft fabricated from nodular cast iron that had failed from working surface wear was remanufactured via a plasma cladding process. Taking into account the wear amount on the working surface and the characteristics of nodular cast iron, in this article, cladding layer parameters were designed and two types cladding powders, Fe-based and Ni-based, were prepared, respectively, to perform the cladding experiment. After examining different process parameters, relatively smooth cladding layers were obtained using four powders. The cladding experiment results showed that the powder No. 3 exhibited superior qualities when combined with proper processing parameters. When applying powder No. 3 to the main journal of crankshaft, a higher quality of cladding layer was achieved.
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Zu, Haiying, Yongpeng Liu, Sihui Chen, et al. "Forming Process Prediction Model and Application of Laser Cladding for Remanufactured Screw Pump Rotors." Materials 18, no. 7 (2025): 1673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071673.
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In order to achieve high-quality repair of complex curved parts, a remanufacturing process method utilizing laser cladding and reverse engineering technology is proposed to be implemented by robots. This study focuses on the oscillating helical surface of a screw pump rotor. A single-pass laser cladding test is conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to construct a predictive model and identify optimal process parameters. The model’s accuracy is validated through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and index verification, while the optimal lap rate is determined through multi-pass laser cladding testing. Using reverse engineering technology, the generation of laser cladding paths for complex surfaces is explored, and the trajectory planning for the laser cladding robot is carried out. Simulations and experiments of robotic laser cladding on complex surfaces are performed, with the optimal process parameters guiding both the experiment and simulation. The optimum single-pass cladding layer, with a lap rate of 25.6%, is achieved when the laser power is 2217 W, the powder feed rate is 2.86 r/min, and the scanning speed is 400 mm/min. The study successfully plans the path for laser cladding on complex curved parts, verifying its feasibility and effectiveness, verifying that there is good metallurgical bonding between the cladding layer and the substrate, and helping to select the appropriate process parameters that are consistent with the requirements of a particular application, thus providing valuable guidance for the remanufacture of failed metal parts.
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Tong, Xin, Ming Jiang Dai, and Min Liu. "Laser Cladding of Iron-Based Self-Fluxing Alloy and its Application in Remanufacturing of Die-Casting Plunger." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1843.
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Die-casting plunger often fails due to serious wear on its cylindrical surface. The scrap of plunger used in large die-casting machine results in waste of materials and energy sources, and it is also against environmental protection. Therefore, the laser remanufacturing of die-casting plunger was studied in this paper. Both of the size and the performance of plungers were repaired by laser cladding surface modification using an iron-based self-fluxing alloy. The interface between original failed plunger and laser cladding layer showed a good metallurgical bond. The average thickness of laser cladding layer was 0.845 mm, and the average micro-hardness reached to 750 HV upwards. Microstructure in laser cladding layer was composed by the dendrite primary phase and the ledeburite organization. Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr) and Molybdenum (Mo) elements were the main chemical compositions measured in laser cladding layer. The service life of laser remanufacturing plunger was nearly the same as the life of new plunger. However, its remanufacturing cost was only 50% of the new plunger’s. The laser remanufacturing technique is worth for extending and applying due to high cost performance.
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Wang, Jong Rong, Hao Tzu Lin, Wan Yun Li, Shao Wen Chen, and Chun Kuan Shih. "Application of TRACE and FRAPTRAN in the Spent Fuel Pool of Chinshan Nuclear Power Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.543.
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In the nuclear power plant (NPP) safety, the safety analysis of the NPP is very important work. In Fukushima NPP event, due to the earthquake and tsunami, the cooling system of the spent fuel pool failed and the safety issue of the spent fuel pool generated. In this study, the safety analysis of the Chinshan NPP spent fuel pool was performed by using TRACE and FRAPTRAN, which also assumed the cooling system of the spent fuel pool failed. There are two cases considered in this study. Case 1 is the no fire water injection in the spent fuel pool. Case 2 is the fire water injection while the water level of the spent fuel pool uncover the length of fuel rods over 1/3 full length. The analysis results of the case 1 show that the failure of cladding occurs in about 3.6 day. However, the results of case 2 indicate that the integrity of cladding is kept after the fire water injection.
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Lin, Jia Yi, Wei Hua Cui, Bin Han, Hui Wang, and Xi Hao Liu. "Research on Additive Manufacturing Technology in the Field of Mold Repair." Materials Science Forum 990 (May 2020): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.990.61.
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With the rapid development of modern industry, mold as a basic hardware facility has become one of the important factors affecting the development of modern industry. The surface quality and working reliability of the mold have a direct impact on the quality of the part. Faced with a large number of failed molds in industrial production, fast and reliable mold repair technology can realize mold reuse under the premise of ensuring mold performance. It effectively shortens the construction period, saves costs and reduces mold waste. The article outlines the characteristics of wire and arc additive manufacturing technology, selective electron beam melting technology and laser cladding technology in additive manufacturing technology. The application characteristics of three additive manufacturing technologies in mold repair are analyzed. The application prospect of laser cladding technology in mold repair is pointed out. In view of the improved work reliability, the direction of laser cladding technology in the field of mold repair can be prospected.
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Dragunova, Anastasiya V., Mikhail S. Morkin, and Vladimir V. Perevezentsev. "Features of methods for monitoring the fuel cladding tightness in lead-cooled fast breeder reactors." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. (4) (2021): 319–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.78372.
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To timely detect failed fuel elements, a reactor plant should be equipped with a fuel cladding tightness monitoring system (FCTMS). In reactors using a heavy liquid-metal coolant (HLMC), the most efficient way to monitor the fuel cladding tightness is by detecting gaseous fission products (GFP). The article describes the basic principles of constructing a FCTMS in liquid-metal-cooled reactors based on the detection of fission products and delayed neutrons. It is noted that in a reactor plant using a HLMC the fuel cladding tightness is the most efficiently monitored by detecting GFPs. The authors analyze various aspects of the behavior of fission products in a liquid-metal-cooled reactor, such as the movement of GFPs in dissolved and bubble form along the circuit, the sorption of volatile FPs in the lead coolant (LC) and on the surfaces of structural elements, degassing of the GFPs dissolved in the LC, and filtration of cover gas from aerosol particles of different nature. In addition, a general description is given of the conditions for the transfer of GFPs in a LC environment of the reactor being developed. Finally, a mathematical model is presented that makes it possible to determine the calculated activity of reference radionuclides in each reactor unit at any time after the fuel element tightness failure. Based on this model, methods for monitoring the fuel cladding tightness by the gas activity in the gas volumes of the reactor plant will be proposed.
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Zhao, Changlong, Chen Ma, Junbao Yang, et al. "Numerical Simulation Study of Multi-Field Coupling for Laser Cladding of Shaft Parts." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (2023): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020493.
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Since shaft parts operate under harsh environments for a long time, many critical parts suffer from corrosion, wear and other problems, leading to part failure and inability to continue in service. It is imperative to repair failed parts and increase their service life. An orthogonal experimental scheme is designed to numerically simulate the process of laser cladding of Inconel 718 alloy powder on 4140 alloy structural steel based on the ANSYS simulation platform, derive the relationship equation of cladding layer thickness according to the heat balance principle, establish a finite element model, couple three modules of temperature field, stress field and fluid field, and analyze different modules to realize the monitoring of different processes of laser cladding. The optimal cladding parameters were laser power 1000 W, scanning speed 15 rad/s, spot radius 1.5 mm, thermal stress maximum value of 696 Mpa, residual stress minimum value of 281 Mpa, and the degree of influence of three factors on thermal stress maximum value: laser power > spot radius > scanning speed. The pool in the melting process appears to melt the “sharp corner” phenomenon, the internal shows a double vortex effect, with a maximum flow rate of 0.02 m/s. The solidification process shows a different shape at each stage due to the different driving forces. In this paper, multi-field-coupled numerical simulations of the laser cladding process were performed to obtain optimal cladding parameters with low residual stresses in the clad layer. The melt pool grows and expands gradually during melting, but the laser loading time is limited, and the size and shape of the melt pool are eventually fixed, and there is a vortex flowing from the center to both sides of the cross-section inside the melt pool, forming a double vortex effect. The solidification is divided into four stages to complete the transformation of the liquid phase of the melt pool to the solid phase, and the cladding layer is formed. The multi-field-coupled numerical simulation technique is used to analyze the temperature, stress and fluid fields to provide a theoretical basis for the residual stress and surface quality of the clad layer for subsequent laser cladding experiments.
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Dragunova, Anastasiya V., Mikhail S. Morkin, and Vladimir V. Perevezentsev. "Features of methods for monitoring the fuel cladding tightness in lead-cooled fast breeder reactors." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. 4 (2021): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.78372.
Full textAbstract:
To timely detect failed fuel elements, a reactor plant should be equipped with a fuel cladding tightness monitoring system (FCTMS). In reactors using a heavy liquid-metal coolant (HLMC), the most efficient way to monitor the fuel cladding tightness is by detecting gaseous fission products (GFP). The article describes the basic principles of constructing a FCTMS in liquid-metal-cooled reactors based on the detection of fission products and delayed neutrons. It is noted that in a reactor plant using a HLMC the fuel cladding tightness is the most efficiently monitored by detecting GFPs. The authors analyze various aspects of the behavior of fission products in a liquid-metal-cooled reactor, such as the movement of GFPs in dissolved and bubble form along the circuit, the sorption of volatile FPs in the lead coolant (LC) and on the surfaces of structural elements, degassing of the GFPs dissolved in the LC, and filtration of cover gas from aerosol particles of different nature. In addition, a general description is given of the conditions for the transfer of GFPs in a LC environment of the reactor being developed. Finally, a mathematical model is presented that makes it possible to determine the calculated activity of reference radionuclides in each reactor unit at any time after the fuel element tightness failure. Based on this model, methods for monitoring the fuel cladding tightness by the gas activity in the gas volumes of the reactor plant will be proposed.
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YANAGISAWA, Kazuaki, and Tore JOHNSEN. "In-Pile Eddy Current Test on PWR Fuel Rod Failed by Pellet-Cladding Interaction." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 23, no. 8 (1986): 752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1986.9735049.
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Xiao, Xiang, Guo Zheng Zhou, Ke Qing Wang, Feng Xi, and Kun Zeng. "Study on In-Service Inspection of Nuclear Fuel Assembly Failure Using Ultrasonic Plate Wave." Sensors 22, no. 19 (2022): 7606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197606.
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As protection for nuclear power plants is quite necessary, the nuclear fuel is sealed in zirconium alloy thin wall cladding. During service, fuel rods might be damaged caused by wall-thickness thinning, cladding corrosion and cracking, etc. This will cause the coolant to enter into the fuel rod, which may lead to the failure of the fuel assembly. However, current diagnostic methods have limitations due to the special structure of the fuel assembly and the underwater and radioactive environment. In this paper, a novel inspection method is proposed to recognize the failure of a fuel rod. The fuel rod failure can be detected based on the presence or absence of coolant inside the fuel rod by using an ultrasonic plate wave. The inspection model and process algorithm are proposed for in-service inspection. The relationship between signal and scanning position is established and analyzed. Both ultrasound field simulation and experiment have been carried out for validation. The corresponding results illustrate that the failed nuclear fuel rod of the whole fuel assembly (including the internal rods) can be effectively detected without the influence of the near-field region by using the proposed method.
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Li, Jia, Juan Li, Yuyan Zhang, and Changyu Zhou. "Investigation on Performance of Hydraulically Expanded Joint of Titanium–Steel Clad Tubesheet." Materials 16, no. 3 (2023): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031106.
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The performance of a hydraulically expanded joint between tubesheet and titanium tube was analyzed using a finite element numerical calculation. The connection strength of Q345R tubesheet and TA2-Q345R clad tubesheet was studied using a tight expansion method. The results proved that the residual contact pressure and pullout force of the tight expansion joint of TA2-Q345R clad tubesheet were greater than those of the Q345R tubesheet. However, the residual contact pressure of the expanded joint without a groove for the TA2-Q345R tubesheet and the pullout force failed to meet the requirement of connection strength. Hence, the groove was employed on the contact surface. The influences of groove position and groove width on the connection strength of the expanded joint with grooves in tubesheet hole were studied. The results show that the residual contact pressure of the clad tubesheet of grooving in the cladding layer was higher than that of grooving in the base layer. The effect of the position of groove in the cladding layer and base layer on the residual contact pressure could be neglected. A wider groove led to a higher residual contact pressure, which increased significantly when the groove width was 4 mm.
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Yang, Seungcho, Kyeongsin Kang, Gyeongsu Jung, Jaehyung Park, and Jaesung Lee. "An Experimental Study on Fire Resistance Performance of a Bended Type Cladding Column System." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 3 (2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.3.131.
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As buildings are growing higher and larger, more composite structures have been used. However, the steel member used for composite structure tends to rapidly lose its strength at elevated temperatures. For this reason, it is required to apply a fire resistance mechanism, but it is difficult to implement because of the cost and technical limitations in the case of fire-resistant paint. In case of fireproof spray coat, scattering phenomena, poor work conditions for wet application, and construction delay are the main challenges to be addressed. In this study, a full-scale fire resistance test of non-fire resistant cladding column was conducted in accordance with KS F 2257-7. According to the test results, the specimens CC-01, CC-02, and CC-03 failed to meet the requirements for a 3-hour fire resistance rating because of the joint deformation and less cover thickness, while CC-04, CC-05, and CC-06 with increased thickness and reinforced joints satisfied the requirements for a 3-hour fire resistance rating.
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King, Kim W., Johnny H. Wawclawczyk, and Cem Ozbey. "Retrofit strategies to protect structures from blast loadingThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Blast Engineering." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 8 (2009): 1345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-058.
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Structural retrofits to buildings can be implemented to increase the protection level to occupants from potential terrorist bombing attacks. Retrofit strategies discussed in this paper can be categorized into three groups: (i) strengthening concepts, (ii) shielding concepts, and (iii) concepts to control hazardous debris. Strengthening concepts such as span reduction and increasing member sections are considered in this paper for three common construction systems including steel, concrete, and masonry. Shielding concepts are intended to prevent structural members from being fully loaded by blast forces and range from local area applications to entire building coverage. Examples of shielding concepts include a new section of wall that shields a vulnerable portion of the building or a new structure built over an entire building. Examples of concepts to control hazardous debris include arresting or deflecting failed cladding away from critical areas with “catch systems” or internal shield systems. This paper is intended to discuss typical building retrofit strategies for primary structural members (load bearing) and secondary structural members (nonload bearing) through strengthening, shielding, or controlling hazardous debris.
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Mai, Khoi D., William F. Cofer, and Donald A. Bender. "Quasi-Dynamic Implicit Finite Element Analysis of Steel-Clad, Wood-Framed Shear Walls." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 6 (2020): 1619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13846.
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HighlightsA new finite element modeling method was developed to predict performance of steel-clad, wood-framed diaphragms.The new method overcomes limitations of previous models and accurately predicts yielding and buckling behaviors.The new method will save time and money in developing design values for steel-clad, wood-frame diaphragms.Abstract. Various finite element codes and solution techniques have been developed for steel-clad, wood-framed (SCWF) shear walls over the past few decades. Most previous finite element models for SCWF shear walls under monotonic loading were based on a static implicit solution technique. Previous researchers stated that the static implicit technique showed promise for modeling SCWF diaphragms; however, the solution technique failed to converge to equilibrium as local instabilities in the form of snap-through buckling of steel cladding occurred or geometric nonlinearities were included in the model. In this study, a nonlinear quasi-dynamic implicit finite element analysis (FEA) of SCWF shear walls subjected to monotonic loading was developed to overcome the deficiencies of the static implicit approach. Three types of elements were used, including beam elements to model wood framing, shell elements to model steel cladding, and nonlinear spring elements to model connectors. Screw connector tests were conducted to obtain the load-displacement constitutive relationships needed for finite element models. Nine types of SCWF shear walls with and without lap seam stitching were tested to validate the finite element model. The ratios of predicted to test values for ultimate shear strength averaged 0.97 with a coefficient of variation (COV) of 8.1%, and the ratios for effective shear modulus averaged 1.13 with a COV of 30%. The quasi-dynamic implicit FEA is a significant improvement over previous static implicit techniques and should be a useful tool to predict the ultimate shear strength and effective shear modulus of SCWF shear walls under monotonic loading. Keywords: Diaphragm design, Post-frame building, Steel-clad wood-frame diaphragm.
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Ding, C., P. Filliatre, and L. Desgranges. "Gas detection in sodium cooled fast reactors: determination of a transfer function." EPJ Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125305002.
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To keep the dependability of Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor, the “clean sodium concept” is demanded, which means that the sodium is free from contamination. The release of fission products is searched for by a contamination measuring system. We need to have a comprehensive description of cladding failures and the detection of contamination, including the failure occurrence on the fuel pin, the transfer process through the sodium and cover gas, the measurement efficiency, etc. We aim to identify the important parameters of physical phenomena, with modelling and simulations based on the return of experiments from past reactors such as PHENIX. There have been a total of 15 open pin failures in PHENIX reactor. Through studying these detected signals, we can get a better physical explanation and description of the evolution of failures. The detection system is related to different stages of the evolution of fuel pin, with different types of fission products, various release mechanism and physical properties. During the evolution of the failed fuel pin, gaseous fission products is released on the first stage of failure and the gas detection system is aimed for the gaseous fission products monitoring. We proposed a quantitative modeling of transfer function to describe the time broadening of the gas release from the fuel pin to the detector. The result matches well with PHENIX experiment data, with the same order of magnitude of the time broadening and the same shape of exponential decreasing. A determination of the transfer function of this gas detection system is validated in this paper.
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Nečasová, B., P. Liška, J. Šlanhof, P. Sedlák, and V. Motyčka. "Long adhesive joints in façade applications exposed to wind suction." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 234, no. 5 (2020): 488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408920945065.
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This paper provides an insight into the investigation of long thick-layer adhesive façade joint resistance to negative pressure loads, i.e. wind suction. The real structural response to wind actions was simulated with reference to ETAG 034. Each specimen represented a reference façade section. The experiment focused on four different adhesive systems with flexible high strength 1-K polyurethanes and 1-K modified silyl polymers. Several variants of the test assemblies were tested: 1) a test assembly with an adhesive joint when a) the manufacturers’ application instructions for the system were followed and b) the instructions were violated; 2) a test assembly with a mechanical joint. These variants made it possible to compare the properties of both fastening methods, and moreover, to assess the impact of the mounting tape on the properties of the adhesive joint. The comparison of adhesive joints and a mechanical joint proved the greater structural stiffness and stress resistance of bonded assemblies. Monitoring showed that a local failure of the fastening element between the load-bearing frame and supporting structure caused the failure of the bonded assemblies, whereas the specimen with mechanically attached cladding failed due to pull-through of the fasteners. The average failure load of the bonded assembly was 10.88 kPa. In contrast, the failure load of the segment with mechanical fasteners was 10.12 kPa. Even though the difference in maximum pressure loads was only around 7%, the recorded values clearly demonstrate that the weakest part of the whole façade system is the mechanical joint, not the bonded one. Furthermore, the comparison of the results for segments with and without mounting tape showed that tape can have a major impact on the bond strength, since in case of the test specimens without mounting tape, the recorded failure load was a maximum of 30% higher.
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Babich, Vasilii V. "Clinical features of all-ceramic restorations in the oral cavity." Russian Journal of Dentistry 25, no. 2 (2021): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1728-2802-2021-25-2-107-111.
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BACKGROUND: Porcelain veneers make up the particular section of prosthetic dentistry. Veneers are necessary for frontal teeth restorations.
 AIM: To study the principles of dental preparation and the features of the formation of a natural anatomical contour on all-ceramic restorations.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: To achieve a high-quality result of prosthetics with all-ceramic fixed prostheses, it is necessary to take into account many important aesthetic criteria: the shape of the tooth, the inclination of the axes of the teeth, the interdental space and the level of interdental contacts, the gum biotype, its color, the position of the gingival margin, the zenith of the gingival contour; tooth color (shades); the level of the cutting edge of the incisors; the relief of the teeth surface; the smile line and the position of the lower lip.
 To determine the color-optical characteristics of future prostheses, it is convenient to use the Vitapan 3-D Master Shade Guide color scale.
 For the manufacture of facings, it is necessary to take into account that the preparation is carried out within the enamel layer, the facings are made only for vital teeth, as clinically possible, while preserving the natural boundaries of the tooth.
 Prosthetics with ceramic prostheses is not recommended for dental dystopia (lingual, palatal position); significant loss of hard tooth tissues, their increased erasability, incomplete orthopedic treatment, deep bite, parafunctions of the masticatory muscles. Before manufacturing the facings, it is necessary to perform an X-ray examination of the teeth to be restored; assess the state of oral hygiene, determine the color of the future structure, replace all failed fillings, assess the condition of the interdental gap and the contact point.
 RESULTS: It is necessary to preserve the vestibular relief of the tooth surface, the uniformity of the lining, Contact with the surface (cutting edge) of the antagonist tooth should not be placed on the surface or on the border of the lining, but only on the tooth tissues.
 The advantage should be given to dissection by partial or complete palatal (lingual) overlap. The facings are fixed with the help of light polymerization composite materials, removing the excess with polishing boron.
 CONCLUSION: If there are significant risks and the patient refuses orthodontic treatment, the creation of contact points on veneers is a complex clinical task. In addition, with the destruction of the crown part of more than 1/3, the use of veneers is risky due to the increase in the layer of ceramic cladding, there is a possibility of chipping of the lining and the risk of manifestation of pulpitis after preparation. Under such conditions, it is desirable to carry out depulpation of teeth, restoration with zirconium stump pin tabs and prosthetics with zirconium crowns with ceramic lining.
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Kramar, Sabina, Mirka Trajanova, Matej Dolenec, Maja Gutman, Mojca Bedjanič, and Ana Mladenovič. "Heritage Stone 7. Pohorje Granodiorite – One of the Most Significant Slovenian Natural Stones." Geoscience Canada 43, no. 1 (2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2015.42.077.
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Granodiorite from the Pohorje Mountains (northeastern Slovenia) is considered the highest quality natural stone in Slovenia. Pohorje granodiorite is a grey, calc-alkaline igneous rock of Miocene age (18.7 Ma) that is distinguished by thick white aplite−pegmatite veins. It mainly consists of plagioclase, quartz, and K-feldspar, subsidiary biotite and a small amount of hornblende. It is characterized by high density, low water absorption, and low porosity, so that it exhibits high frost and salt resistance, as well as a high compressive strength and a very high flexural strength. It is widely recognized throughout the country for its durability and decorative white veins, and is the most frequently used natural stone in Slovenia today. It is mainly used as paving and cladding material for residential buildings, churches, and other structures, as well as in public areas, where it adds special character to many of the larger towns and cities. Several important buildings, some of which have been declared cultural monuments of national importance, are also decorated with this stone, including the Slovenian Parliament, the Republic Square business complex, and the Faculty of Law of the University of Ljubljana, all of which are located in Ljubljana. Since 1940, Pohorje granodiorite has also been widely used by sculptors in various monuments and fountains. RÉSUMÉLe granodiorite des montagnes de Pohorje (nord de la Slovénie) est considéré comme la meilleure pierre naturelle de Slovénie. Le granodiorite de Pohorje est une roche ignée grise, calco-alcaline du Miocène (18,7 Ma) qui se distingue par la présence d’épais filons de pegmatites d’aplite blanche. Il se compose principalement de plagioclase, de quartz et de feldspath potassique, de biotite accessoire et d’une petite quantité d'amphibole. Elle est caractérisée par une densité élevée, un faible coefficient d’imbibition, et une porosité faible, de sorte qu'elle présente une haute résistance au gel et au sel, ainsi qu’une résistance élevée à la compression et une résistance très élevée à la flexion. Elle est très connue dans tout le pays pour sa durabilité et ses filons décoratifs blancs, et c’est la pierre naturelle la plus fréquemment utilisée en Slovénie de nos jours. Elle est principalement utilisée comme matériau de pavage et de revêtement pour les bâtiments résidentiels, les églises et autres constructions, ainsi que dans les espaces publics, où elle donne un caractère distinctif aux grands villages et aux villes. Plusieurs bâtiments importants, dont certains ont été déclarés monuments culturels d'importance nationale, sont également décorées avec cette pierre, y compris le Parlement slovène, le complexe d'affaires Place de la République, et la Faculté de droit de l'Université de Ljubljana, lesquels sont tous situés à Ljubljana. Depuis 1940, le granodiorite de Pohorje a aussi été beaucoup utilisé par les sculpteurs dans divers monuments et fontaines.Traduit par le Traducteur
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Zhang, Yujiao, Jiyong Zhou, Xiongfeng Huang, Xinjun Zhu, Zhiwei Chen, and Li Zhou. "Design and optimization of carbon fiber eight-wire lifter with exterior cladding structure." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, October 21, 2022, 073168442211351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07316844221135150.
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The UHV eight-wire lifter is an important tool in frequent use for the construction and maintenance of UHV transmission lines, which is made of titanium alloy and weighs about 40 kg. Due to high-weight, the work efficiency is greatly reduced. In this paper, the design of a lightweight UHV eight-wire lifter is proposed by using carbon fiber cladding structure. The effects of three factors on the maximum load-bearing load of the carbon fiber exterior cladding structural member are excavated through the failed experiment of the carbon fiber exterior cladding tensile and shear test pieces and the finite element progressive damage numerical calculation. The orthogonal experiment is employed to obtain the optimal cladding structure of the eight-wire lifter with a carbon fiber exterior coating cladding. After that, carbon fiber eight-wire lifter is developed and subjected to mechanical tests. The test results show that the performance of carbon fiber eight-wire lifter meets the mechanical performance requirements of eight-wire lifter. Compared with the titanium alloy eight-wire lifter, the maximum load-bearing load of the carbon fiber eight-wire lifter is increased by 20.5%, and the weight is decreased by 37.5%.
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J., R. Wang, T. Lin H., S. Tseng Y., et al. "The Model Establishment and Analysis of TRACE/FRAPTRAN for Chinshan Nuclear Power Plant Spent Fuel Pool." April 6, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1124613.
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TRACE is developed by U.S. NRC for the nuclear power plants (NPPs) safety analysis. We focus on the establishment and application of TRACE/FRAPTRAN/SNAP models for Chinshan NPP (BWR/4) spent fuel pool in this research. The geometry is 12.17 m × 7.87 m × 11.61 m for the spent fuel pool. In this study, there are three TRACE/SNAP models: one-channel, two-channel, and multi-channel TRACE/SNAP model. Additionally, the cooling system failure of the spent fuel pool was simulated and analyzed by using the above models. According to the analysis results, the peak cladding temperature response was more accurate in the multi-channel TRACE/SNAP model. The results depicted that the uncovered of the fuels occurred at 2.7 day after the cooling system failed. In order to estimate the detailed fuel rods performance, FRAPTRAN code was used in this research. According to the results of FRAPTRAN, the highest cladding temperature located on the node 21 of the fuel rod (the highest node at node 23) and the cladding burst roughly after 3.7 day.
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Li, Feng, Takeshi Mihara, and Yutaka Udagawa. "A study on the fracture pattern change of high-burnup fuel cladding failed by pellet-cladding mechanical interaction failure under reactivity-initiated accident conditions." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, February 15, 2024, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2024.2313553.
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Yewang, Bie, Zhang Donghui, Xiong Wenbin, Li Huwei, Wu Mingyu, and Wang Xinzhe. "Discussion of Tag Gas Method Using in China Experimental Fast Reactor for Failed Fuel Assembly Location." Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 4, no. 4 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4040029.
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As the first fast reactor of China, the safety of China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) is extremely important, and will decide the future of Chinese fast reactor project. The fuel failure detection system of CEFR provides surveillance and protection for the first barrier-fuel cladding of CEFR, so it is one of the most important systems for the safety of CEFR. As tag gas method is an important method for fuel-failure location in fast reactor, CEFR has a medium-term and long-term plan of using this method to locating failed fuel assemblies. This paper introduces the main principle of tag gas method, summarizes the application of this method, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each fuel failure location method. Combining the design characteristics of CEFR, this work analyzes the selection principle of tag gas isotopes and the effects on heat transfer capability of fuel element while tag gas filled in. Meanwhile, according to the detection ability of mass spectrometer and the foreign advanced utilization experiences of tag gas method, some suggestions are provided.
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Kang, Hanrui, Zeqi Hu, Guanzheng Lin, and Dianyu Liu. "Enhanced robotic path planning for complex curved surfaces repairing based on binocular vision 3D reconstruction point cloud." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application, May 1, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1108/ir-12-2024-0568.
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Purpose This study aims to address wear, cracks and material degradation in critical components within aerospace, automotive and energy industries. It focuses on developing an efficient and precise trajectory planning method for repairing and reinforcing worn surfaces on complex curved parts, using three-dimensional point cloud reconstruction based on binocular vision technology. Design/methodology/approach Binocular cameras capture damaged surface images, and precise three-dimensional point clouds of the failed surface are generated through stereo matching and three-dimensional reconstruction. A novel method creates reinforcement trajectories aligned with the point cloud, ensuring the deposition head’s axis parallels the point cloud normal. This approach bypasses STereoLithography (STL) or non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surface generation, directly processing point cloud data. Findings Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional STL model-based approaches, achieving a 33% improvement in trajectory position accuracy and reducing planning time by approximately 30%. The method ensures precise positioning and orientation of the cladding head, facilitating continuous and uniform material deposition over complex curved surfaces. This results in high-quality cladding of damaged areas, significantly enhancing both work efficiency and repair performance. Originality/value This study introduces an innovative trajectory planning method that directly processes point cloud data for repairing complex curved surfaces, eliminating intermediate steps like STL or NURBS surface generation. The approach enhances trajectory accuracy, planning efficiency and deposition head orientation control, ensuring superior repair quality. It provides a practical solution for extending the service life of critical components in high-stakes industries, advancing repair and reinforcement technologies.
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Phillips, Steve. "The valuation of high-risk residential buildings and the role of EWS1." Journal of Building Survey, Appraisal & Valuation, March 1, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.69554/hiac7300.
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In response to the tragic fire at Grenfell Tower in June 2017, the UK Government proposed regulatory reform with the purpose of ensuring residents feel safe and are safe in their own homes. This paper examines the advice that has been given by the government and traces how this advice has had disastrous consequences for the mortgage lending market for flats located in high-risk residential buildings. This has been compounded by the unfortunate effect that the EWS1 form has had on the same market. The paper opens with a review of the independent expert advisory panel set up to provide advice and make recommendations to the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government on urgent building safety measures that should be carried out to high-risk residential buildings with aluminium composite material (ACM) external wall cladding. The panel formulated the much-criticised advice note 14 which provided guidance to building owners to take general fire precautions with non-aluminium composite Material (non-ACM) cladding in their external wall systems to ensure that the systems are safe. Although advice note 14 was superseded in January 2020 by the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government’s consolidated advice document, the binary approach to defining safe external wall systems is still adopted. This has caused unintended consequences for the valuation of flats in high-risk residential buildings as many valuation surveyors take the position that if compliance with the consolidated advice document cannot be demonstrated, then the flats within that building will have a valuation of £nil. The industry’s response has been to produce the EWS1 form which was intended to unblock the market. This aim has not been achieved, however, and the paper details why the EWS1 form has, to date, failed and suggests ways of restoring confidence within the market.
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J., R. Wang, T. Lin H., C. Chang H., K. Lin W., Y. Li W., and Shih C. "Turbine Trip without Bypass Analysis of Kuosheng Nuclear Power Plant Using TRACE Coupling with FRAPTRAN." August 2, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1094499.
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This analysis of Kuosheng nuclear power plant (NPP) was performed mainly by TRACE, assisted with FRAPTRAN and FRAPCON. SNAP v2.2.1 and TRACE v5.0p3 are used to develop the Kuosheng NPP SPU TRACE model which can simulate the turbine trip without bypass transient. From the analysis of TRACE, the important parameters such as dome pressure, coolant temperature and pressure can be determined. Through these parameters, comparing with the criteria which were formulated by United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC), we can determine whether the Kuoshengnuclear power plant failed or not in the accident analysis. However, from the data of TRACE, the fuel rods status cannot be determined. With the information from TRACE and burn-up analysis obtained from FRAPCON, FRAPTRAN analyzes more details about the fuel rods in this transient. Besides, through the SNAP interface, the data results can be presented as an animation. From the animation, the TRACE and FRAPTRAN data can be merged together that may be realized by the readers more easily. In this research, TRACE showed that the maximum dome pressure of the reactor reaches to 8.32 MPa, which is lower than the acceptance limit 9.58 MPa. Furthermore, FRAPTRAN revels that the maximum strain is about 0.00165, which is below the criteria 0.01. In addition, cladding enthalpy is 52.44 cal/g which is lower than 170 cal/g specified by the USNRC NUREG-0800 Standard Review Plan.
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Hollis, Malcolm. "Damp, its causes and the implication in leasehold property." Journal of Building Survey, Appraisal & Valuation, September 1, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.69554/rfpc3194.
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There is a wide variety of methods of resolving damp within buildings that seems to vary between opening a window to installing vertical and horizontal membranes together with replacing wall plaster that has been damaged by the water penetration. How successful each of these various methods have been is not easy to establish. To gather evidence, the judgments of the Court of Appeal in landlord and tenant cases does reveal what did not work and sometimes why. Not every type of damp-proof treatment has been shown to have been tested. The repairing method selected is often set out in the calculation of damages. In order to catalogue the evidence presented to the various courts, the dampness has been divided into three groups: that caused by condensation, that resulting from ground water, and squeezing in a case where the external cladding had failed. The remedy to the damp entry varies from knocking the building down and starting again, replacing the wall plaster and the damp course, to expecting better management of the conditions to reduce their effect upon the property. Each judgment has been made in reliance upon expert evidence put before the court. In some cases it can be seen that incorrect evidence has misled a judge and the outcome is flawed. ‘Our adversarial system depends heavily on the independence of expert witnesses, on the primacy of their duty to the court over any other loyalty or obligation, and on the rigour with which experts make known any associations or loyalties which might give rise to a conflict.’