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Bell, Nancy D. "Responses to failed humor." Journal of Pragmatics 41, no. 9 (2009): 1825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.10.010.
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Silvia, Bogdan. "Failed Humour and its Effects in Conversation: a Case Study." Speech and Context 1-2014, no. 6 (2017): 37–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.495133.
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Since humor is seen as an important socio-pragmatic discursive strategy, it may be assigned a significant role in regulating conversations. However, humor does not always have positive effects on the on-going conversations and its participants. It may also offend the interlocutors bringing about misunderstanding and confusion in communication, especially, when humor is ill-intended. Such instances of humor are referred to as failed humor, as what seems funny to the speaker may appear very rude to the hearer. The present article addresses the issue of failed humor and aims at analyzing the cases of unperceived as well as rejected humor in verbal interaction. Humor is generally unsuccessful when there is incongruity between the interlocutors’ speaking styles, resulting in an opposition between what is meant and how it is perceived.
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Silvia, Bogdan. "Failed Humour and its Effects in Conversation: a Case Study." Limbaj si context 1(VI)2014, no. 6 (2017): 37–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.807204.
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Since humor is seen as an important socio-pragmatic discursive strategy, it may be assigned a significant role in regulating conversations. However, humor does not always have positive effects on the on-going conversations and its participants. It may also offend the interlocutors bringing about misunderstanding and confusion in communication, especially, when humor is ill-intended. Such instances of humor are referred to as failed humor, as what seems funny to the speaker may appear very rude to the hearer. The present article addresses the issue of failed humor and aims at analyzing the cases of unperceived as well as rejected humor in verbal interaction. Humor is generally unsuccessful when there is incongruity between the interlocutors’ speaking styles, resulting in an opposition between what is meant and how it is perceived.
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Delos Santos, Ed May, Shania Faye Nicole Pablayan, Alexandra Salamat, et al. "Exploring the Impact of Leaders’ Failed Humor and Employee Attitude on Leader-Member Exchange." Academia Lasalliana Journal of Education and Humanities 5, no. 2 (2024): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55902/ckiw2371.
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While extensive research has been conducted on the general impact of humor on social relationships, the literature is notably sparse regarding the specific role of failed humor in organizational contexts, especially concerning leader-member exchange (LMX). This study aims to fill that gap by examining the effects of a leader’s failed humor on LMX and investigating whether employees’ attitudes toward humor can buffer this relationship. Employing a cross-sectional explanatory approach, the researchers distributed the Failed Humor in Leadership Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, and the Leader-Member Exchange Scale through an online survey targeting Filipino employees across various industries. A total of 302 participants—comprising 40.7% males and 59.3% females—voluntarily responded to the online survey. Path analysis using the partial least squares regression method via SMART-PLS software was employed to analyze the data. The findings indicate that a leader’s failed humor negatively impacts LMX, and this effect is not alleviated by the employee’s attitude toward humor. Interestingly, the study also found that employees who value humor and are themselves humorous reported stronger LMX. Based on these insights, the researchers offer recommendations for improving LMX in instances where leaders’ attempts at humor do not succeed. Additionally, future research directions to further investigate this phenomenon were also offered.
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Kim, Sol. "A narrative review of failed humor." Korea Journal of English Language and Linguistics 25 (January 31, 2025): 598–619. https://doi.org/10.15738/kjell.25..202505.598.
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Ji, Xiaode. "Leader Failed Humor and Follower Advice Seeking." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (2019): 16032. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.16032abstract.
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Mullan, Kerry, and Christine Béal. "Conversational humor in French and Australian English: What makes an utterance (un)funny?" Intercultural Pragmatics 15, no. 4 (2018): 457–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2018-0016.
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AbstractIn this paper we focus primarily on the second dimension of the model designed for the comparative cross-cultural analysis of conversational humor outlined in (Béal, Christine & Kerry Mullan. 2013. Issues in conversational humour from a cross-cultural perspective: Comparing French and Australian corpora. In Bert Peeters, Kerry Mullan & Christine Béal (eds.),Cross-culturally Speaking, Speaking Cross-culturally. 107–139. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.), namely the linguistic devices and discursive strategies used by speakers to create humor in social interaction. Using a range of illustrative examples we will show that although a number of similar strategies occur in both the French and Australian English data (play on words, personification, implicit references, borrowing words from other languages), there are also marked differences in terms of preferential choices between French and Australian speakers when it comes to the mechanisms that make a particular utterance or exchange a humorous one. In particular, the French speakers in our data displayed a greater tendency to play with the language itself, while the Australians showed a preference for incongruity and absurdity, and collaborative scenarios with escalation.A number of comparative examples of failed humor are also examined. It will be seen that the responsibility for the failure in all cases lies less with the speaker and more with the hearer; i.e. the problem is not actually with the linguistic device employed, but with the hearer’s non-appreciation of the humor or lack of humor support.
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Qodri, Muh Syahrui, Muh Khairussibyan, Syamsinas Jafar, and Marlinda Ramdhani. "Anatomi Humor Drama Tradisional Rudat di Lombok." SULUK: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 6, no. 2 (2024): 112–27. https://doi.org/10.15642/suluk.2024.6.2.112-127.
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This research focuses on humor in the Rudat Temu Karya performance in southern East Lombok. Most previous studies only studied the story and value aspects of traditional Lombok drama performances, but failed to examine the aspect that is the main attraction for audiences, namely the humor aspect. Based on Berger's humor theory which divides humor techniques into four categories, namely language, logic, identity and action, this research examines the anatomical aspects of traditional Lombok drama humor which relate to the socio-cultural context of Lombok society. The data in this research was collected using interview and documentary methods. The results of this research show that the variations of techniques that are widely used are various humor techniques which include humor in language categories such as ridicule, theme and variations, insults, and puns (play on words). The most dominant technique used is the slapstick technique (rough jokes/jokes) which is included in the action category. Research on this aspect of humor shows that socio-cultural aspects influence the success of humor in rudat Temu Karya performances.
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Wang, Ying. "The Effect of Leader Humor on Subordinates’ Working Status: A Meta-Analysis." Asian Business Research 7, no. 2 (2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/abr.v7i2.1064.
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Leader humor in workplace can change the working state of subordinates. However, existing empirical studies have failed to determine whether the effect of positive and negative leader humor on the working status of subordinates is normal, or whether the effect of leader humor in profit and non-profit organizations or under Eastern and Western culture background is also different. To answer these questions, literature on the relationship between Leader humor and subordinate working status from 2009 to 2020 was searched, and 56 effect values of positive leader humor (a total of 16544 samples) and 24 effect values of negative leader humor (a total of 7781 samples) were obtained. The results of meta-analysis show that: (1)There is a significant positive relationship between positive leader humor and subordinates’ work status, while there is a significant negative relationship between negative leader humor and subordinates’ work status; (2) Positive leader humor promotes the subordinates’ behavior state improving by ameliorating their positive psychological state or attitude state in the workplace; (3)Negative leader humor inhibits the subordinates’ behavior state improving by incurring their negative psychological state or attitude state in the workplace.
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Williams, Michele, and Kyle J. Emich. "The Phenomenology of Failed Humor: Implications for Interpersonal Affect Regulation." Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (2013): 17156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.143.
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Williams, Michele, and Kyle J. Emich. "The Experience of Failed Humor: Implications for Interpersonal Affect Regulation." Journal of Business and Psychology 29, no. 4 (2014): 651–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9370-9.
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Li, Songqing. "Book review: Nancy Bell, We Are Not Amused: Failed Humor in Interaction." Discourse Studies 18, no. 6 (2016): 771–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445616668086g.
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Stenström, Anna-Brita. "Review of Bell (2015): We are not amused. Failed humor in interaction." Functions of Language 23, no. 3 (2016): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.23.3.05ste.
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Dionigi, Alberto, Mirko Duradoni, and Laura Vagnoli. "Understanding the association between humor and emotional distress: The role of light and dark humor in predicting depression, anxiety, and stress." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 19, no. 3 (2023): 358–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.10013.
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Despite increasing interest in the relationship between humor and psychological distress, investigations have failed to focus on specific categories of humor and negative mental conditions. A sample of 686 Italian participants (187 men and 499 women), aged between 20 and 76 years, completed an online survey, data from which was used to investigate the relationship between eight comic styles, depression, anxiety, and stress. Findings from the multiple linear regression demonstrate benign humor as a protective factor of all three variables considered, while irony was positively associated with anxiety and stress. Wit was a protective factor associated with anxiety, while sarcasm was positively related to depression. No significant correlations emerged between the other variables considered. These findings highlight how specific categories are linked to varying dimensions of emotional distress, which are discussed with reference to the extant literature.
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Valle, Matthew, Micki Kacmar, and Martha Andrews. "Ethical leadership, frustration, and humor: a moderated-mediation model." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 39, no. 5 (2018): 665–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-02-2018-0083.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of ethical leadership on surface acting, positive mood and affective commitment via the mediating effect of employee frustration. The authors also explored the moderating role of humor on the relationship between ethical leadership and frustration as well as its moderating effect on the mediational chain. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in two separate surveys from 156 individuals working fulltime; data collections were separated by six weeks to reduce common method variance. The measurement model was confirmed before the authors tested the moderated mediation model. Findings Ethical leadership was negatively related to employee frustration, and frustration mediated the relationships between ethical leadership and surface acting and positive mood but not affective commitment. Humor moderated the relationship between ethical leadership and frustration such that when humor was low, the relationship was stronger. Research limitations/implications Interestingly, the authors failed to find a significant effect for any of the relationships between ethical leadership and affective commitment. Ethical leaders can enhance positive mood and reduce surface acting among employees by reducing frustration. Humor may be more important under conditions of unethical leadership but may be distracting under ethical leadership. Originality/value This study demonstrates how frustration acts as a mediator and humor serves as a moderator in the unethical behavior-outcomes relationship.
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Ageev, Sergei V., Evgeny A. Pushkarev, and Natalia V. Antonenko. "Cognitive underpinnings of misperceptions in morphed humor." Russian Journal of Linguistics 28, no. 2 (2024): 415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-36029.
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A meme as a cultural and semiotic phenomenon has been actively studied within the framework of humor research; however, the question why memes may not elicit a humorous response remains unanswered. This article examines the causes of typical cognitive errors in the perception of humor in the so-called morphed units (memes, image macros, photoshopped images and virals) characterized by a combination of signals of one or different modalities and potentially capable of eliciting a humorous response in the meme consumer. The goal of the study is to describe and classify such errors on the example of a morphed unit from the sad keanu meme cycle. The conducted survey yielded empirical data permitting further qualitative analysis of the respondents' answers regarding the perception of the proposed meme. The obtained results show that in an ideal situation a stimulus image should metonymically activate script structures essential for the understanding of a morphed unit; a script may include allusive experiences which correlate with previously appropriated culture-specific situations. The paper defines meme interpretation errors as related either to the process of perceiving a stimulus at the level of the i consume memes metascript or а cognitive failure occurring during the activation of the scripts constituting the humorous opposition if only the relevant scripts are conceptualized and internalized by the individual. Any type of interpretation failure may be attributed to partial or zero cultural literacy in the meme consumer. A failed humorous response in the situations of sufficient cultural literacy of the subject may be explained by social and pragmatic factors, such as the consumer’s norms and values which may differ from those of the meme originator. The study claims that the main source of cognitive errors lies in the inability of a meme consumer to activate the scripts (or their parts) relevant to the understanding of humor. This methodology can be applied for any multimodal humour research.
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Hwang, Kumju, and Jinsook Choi. "How Do Failed Entrepreneurs Cope with Their Prior Failure When They Seek Subsequent Re-Entry into Serial Entrepreneurship? Failed Entrepreneurs’ Optimism and Defensive Pessimism and Coping Humor as a Moderator." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (2021): 7021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137021.
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Entrepreneurial failure is prevalent, and particularly when the COVID−19 crisis exacerbates the economic recession, it becomes even more prevalent. Entrepreneurs experience an intensive emotional crisis when their ventures fail, and this deleterious impact, including stress and emotional pain, may prevent failed entrepreneurs (FEs) from restarting; hence, how they cope with failure has received increased attention in recent years. However, most of the extant literature focuses on success rather than failure, and there is very limited literature on how FEs cope with the psychological and emotional crisis caused by failure. This study focuses on FEs’ use of optimism and defensive pessimism as coping strategies within the mental simulation theory with respect to their re-entry intentions. It examines the impact of career ambition and public self-awareness on optimism, of the fear of failure (FoF) and self-doubt, on defensive pessimism, and of coping humor as a moderator. We used structural equation modeling to analyze the data of 277 Korean FEs who have actual entrepreneurial failure experiences and actively prepared for their re-entry. The results show that career ambitions and public self-awareness have an impact on optimism, and FoF and self-doubt lead to defensive pessimism. Coping humor also has a moderating effect on the path from defensive pessimism to the intention to re-enter. This study advances the literature on coping mechanisms that FEs employ to manage the negative impact of failure and prepare for their subsequent re-entry. Its theoretical model, based on the mental simulation theory combined with social comparison theory, provides a possible integrative framework that includes both the pervasively held view of entrepreneurs’ optimism related to overconfidence and their defensive pessimism related to their vulnerability due to their ventures’ failure. Thus, this study makes theoretical contributions to the literature of entrepreneurial failure, as well as practical implications for policymakers and educators who assist FEs in successfully coping with entrepreneurial failure and re-entry.
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Primanto, Alfian Budi, and Basu Swastha Dharmmesta. "WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THEY LAUGH: HOW HUMOROUS ADVERTISEMENTS HAVE AN EFFECT ON CONSUMERS’ ATTITUDES, WORD OF MOUTH INTENTIONS, AND PURCHASE INTENTIONS, WITH THE NEED FOR HUMOR PLAYING A MODERATING ROLE." Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business 34, no. 2 (2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jieb.23036.
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Introduction/Main Objectives: Even thought there is a risk from using humor as an advertising campaign strategy in industries which rely on trust and their technological prowess, like the telecommunications sector, the fact that there are a great number of humorous advertisements arranged by telecommunications companies in Indonesia needs to be researched. Background Problems: This research aims to narrow the phenomenon by investigating the effect of humorous advertisements with the need for humor as a moderating role on consumers’ attitudes, consumers’ intent to purchase, and their word of mouth intention. Novelty: By adding the need for humor in a moderating role, and the word of mouth intention as an endogenous variable, this research aims to extend the existing models of humorous advertising’s effectiveness. Research Methods: The research was designed to focus on consumers who can be classified as young adults (18 to 34 years old) and are not users of the mobile SIM card brands that the ad they perceived as funny ones. The researcher conducted a survey with a five point Likert scale, an online questionnaire, and purposive sampling as the primary data collection methods. Finding/Results: The result shows that although a humorous advertisement has a significant impact on the attitude toward the advertisement and the word of mouth intention, the humorous advertisement has no significant impact on the attitude toward the brand and the consumers’ intent to purchase. The need for humor failed to moderate the relationship between the humorous advertisement and the attitude toward the advertisement in this study. Conclusion: The researcher concludes that the impact of a humorous advertisement was limited to only entertaining the consumers, and to encourage their word of mouth intention, not their purchase intention.
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Rahman, Md Shahinoor, and Zhijin Zhou. "The effect of self-related humor on convergent and divergent thinking." European Journal of Humour Research 11, no. 4 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr.2023.11.4.820.
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Humour enhances creativity, but the question is whether different types of humour have a similar effect on improving individual creativity. It is evident that negative humour style is negatively related to creativity, while positive humour style is positively related to it. However, no evidence has been found that self-related humour (self-enhancing and self-defeating humour) directly affects creative thinking in the experimental setting. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of self-related humour on convergent and divergent creative thinking. We included 60 (38 male, 22 female) participants and randomly assigned 20 in each condition to conduct this experiment. To evoke humour, we used 12 stimuli (12 self-enhancing jokes, 12 self-defeating jokes, and 12 non-humorous statements) in each condition. Remote Association Task (RAT) was used to measure convergent thinking, and Alternative Uses Task (AUT) was used to measure divergent thinking. We expected that i) people who engage in self-enhancing humour would perform better at convergent thinking tasks than the control group and the self-defeating humour group and ii) people who engage in self-enhancing humour would perform better at divergent thinking tasks than the control group and the self-defeating humour group. Our results supported our hypotheses and suggested that self-enhancing humour induced individual creativity both in convergent or divergent thinking (originality, fluency, flexibility). In contrast, self-defeating humour failed to affect either convergent or divergent thinking.
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Banas, John. "Bell, Nancy (2015). We are not amused: Failed humor in interaction. Berlin, Germany/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton." EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages 3, no. 2 (2016): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21283/2376905x.5.71.
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Schaffer, Gavin. "Fighting Thatcher with Comedy: What to Do When There Is No Alternative." Journal of British Studies 55, no. 2 (2016): 374–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2015.229.
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AbstractThis article offers a history of British alternative comedy as a case study of political challenge and opposition in the 1980s and considers the role of humor in political campaigning more broadly. It explores left-wing thinking on culture as a potential political weapon, and questions how this informed the development and impact of alternative comedy as a genre. The article observes that pioneering alternative comedians went some way to change British comedy values and inform political discussions. However, it also argues that the complex operation of jokes and the tendency of comedians to become “incorporated” within the political and cultural mainstream ensured that the impacts of radical alternative material were limited and ambiguous. It contends that the practice of alternative comedy was undermined by business and political values that were often influenced by Thatcherism, and that alternative comedians mostly failed to capture the imaginations of working-class Britons. These communities retained instead an affection for more traditional, differently rebellious, comedic voices. Ultimately, this article frames alternative comedy within a longer history of radical humor, drawing out broader lessons concerning the revolutionary potential of jokes and the relationship between comedians, their audiences, and politics.
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Li, Ka-Lok, Sze-Wan Shan, Fang-Yu Lin, et al. "Regulation of Aqueous Humor Secretion by Melatonin in Porcine Ciliary Epithelium." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (2023): 5789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065789.
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Secretion of melatonin, a natural hormone whose receptors are present in the ciliary epithelium, displays diurnal variation in the aqueous humor (AH), potentially contributing to the regulation of intraocular pressure. This study aimed to determine the effects of melatonin on AH secretion in porcine ciliary epithelium. The addition of 100 µM melatonin to both sides of the epithelium significantly increased the short-circuit current (Isc) by ~40%. Stromal administration alone had no effect on the Isc, but aqueous application triggered a 40% increase in Isc, similar to that of bilateral application without additive effect. Pre-treatment with niflumic acid abolished melatonin-induced Isc stimulation. More importantly, melatonin stimulated the fluid secretion across the intact ciliary epithelium by ~80% and elicited a sustained increase (~50–60%) in gap junctional permeability between pigmented ciliary epithelial (PE) cells and non-pigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells. The expression of MT3 receptor was found to be >10-fold higher than that of MT1 and MT2 in porcine ciliary epithelium. Aqueous pre-treatment with MT1/MT2 antagonist luzindole failed to inhibit the melatonin-induced Isc response, while MT3 antagonist prazosin pre-treatment abolished the Isc stimulation. We conclude that melatonin facilitates Cl− and fluid movement from PE to NPE cells, thereby stimulating AH secretion via NPE-cell MT3 receptors.
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Marra, Jennifer. "Make comedy matter: Ernst Cassirer on the politics and morality of humor." European Journal of Humour Research 6, no. 1 (2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2018.6.1.marra.
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Many of Ernst Cassirer’s later works are concerned with the dangers of political myth. His analysis speaks at length about the role of philosophy during the rise of the Third Reich, and Cassirer argues that philosophers failed to combat the dominant ideology. Today, philosophers struggle to explain their relevance to greater public and governmental powers that see no intrinsic value. Given the current political situation in the US, we find ourselves at a crossroads as philosophers. We can either retreat and remain within the comforts of academia, or we can take up arms against dangerous and divisive political forces. If we take Cassirer’s prescriptions seriously, we must choose the latter. Fortunately, philosophy has not disappeared from public consciousness completely. An emerging theme in contemporary cultural studies is the exploration of connections between humour and philosophy. I argue we ought to take advantage of the status of the comedian as public philosopher, and for philosophers to take seriously the political power of comedians. To do this responsibly, I analyse a portion of Cassirer’s work that has been widely ignored in scholarship – his understanding of the politics and morality of humour. By analysing these passages in relation to Cassirer’s later works, we are given the tools to understand the power of humour in political discourse, as well as the responsibility of that power. I argue that “joking responsibly”, for Cassirer, means to reveal the motives and values which underlie sophistry, particularly the sort which lends itself to political manipulation.
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Cho, Young Jin, Hong Keun Ji, Sun Jae Kim, et al. "Combustion of a Female Body Due to an External Ignition Source." Fire Science and Engineering 34, no. 2 (2020): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.d29798cd.
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In November 2013, a case of sustained combustion of a female body was encountered in a Korean farming village. The body was almost completely incinerated from the neck to the knees, and other parts of the body, such as the head, arms, lower legs, and feet, were slightly damaged. The most likely external ignition source was the flame from a matchstick. The elderly woman was found incinerated on the floor of the living room, while other objects in the house were largely undamaged except for having a brown oily or greasy coating. Flammable substances were not detected from the woman’s intact pieces of clothing and socks, and her muscular tissues did not contain toxic chemicals. The concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in her peripheral blood was 11% and that of ethyl alcohol in her aqueous humor was below 0.010%. An autopsy failed to determine the exact cause of death because of excessive charring.
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Xu, Liya, Mary E. Kim, Ashley Polski, et al. "Establishing the Clinical Utility of ctDNA Analysis for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment Monitoring of Retinoblastoma: The Aqueous Humor Liquid Biopsy." Cancers 13, no. 6 (2021): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061282.
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Because direct tumor biopsy is prohibited for retinoblastoma (RB), eye-specific molecular biomarkers are not used in clinical practice for RB. Recently, we demonstrated that the aqueous humor (AH) is a rich liquid biopsy source of cell-free tumor DNA. Herein, we detail clinically-relevant molecular biomarkers from the first year of prospective validation data. Seven eyes from 6 RB patients who had AH sampled at diagnosis and throughout therapy with ≥12 months of follow-up were included. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from each sample was isolated and sequenced to assess genome-wide somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), followed by targeted resequencing for pathogenic variants using a RB1 and MYCN custom hybridization panel. Tumoral genomic information was detected in 100% of diagnostic AH samples. Of the seven diagnostic AH samples, 5/7 were positive for RB SCNAs. Mutational analysis identified RB1 variants in 5/7 AH samples, including the 2 samples in which no SCNAs were detected. Two eyes failed therapy and required enucleation; both had poor prognostic biomarkers (chromosome 6p gain or MYCN amplification) present in the AH at the time of diagnosis. In the context of previously established pre-analytical, analytical, and clinical validity, this provides evidence for larger, prospective studies to further establish the clinical utility of the AH liquid biopsy and its applications to precision oncology for RB.
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الشريف, مرام صالح أحمد, and عبد الحميد الشجاع. "Exploring the Strategies Used in Subtitling Nicknames from English to Arabic." مجلة جامعة صنعاء للعلوم الإنسانية 3, no. 5 (2024): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.59628/jhs.v3i5.1098.
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Nicknames in audiovisual content serve multiple purposes including, highlighting character traits, adding humor, fostering familiarity, and revealing relationships within the narrative. Subtitling these names can be challenging, due to their culture-specific and connotative nature. However, there is a noticeable lack of research on the strategies involved in subtitling them, particularly from English to Arabic. Therefore, this study aimed to address this gap by identifying, analyzing, and assessing the strategies subtitlers used in subtitling nicknames from English to Arabic. To achieve this, 41 subtitles containing nicknames were selected from the first season of the TV series Lost and analyzed based on Pedersen’s (2011) taxonomy of strategies. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results showed frequent use of Retention, Direct translation, Situational Substitution, and Omission strategies which failed to convey the intended meaning causing a deviation from the original effect. The used strategies suggested a tendency to untranslated them. Therefore, it was recommended to consider the functional aspects of the nicknames and the significance of conveying their intended meaning to enhance the effectiveness of nickname subtitling and improve viewer experience. Instructors of translation are also recommended to pay sufficient heed to the teaching of strategies of nickname subtitling.
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Higa, Nikki, Peter Kuhn, Jesse L. Berry, and Liya Xu. "Abstract B059: Assessment of ctDNA analysis methods using high purity ctDNA from the aqueous humor of retinoblastoma eyes." Clinical Cancer Research 30, no. 21_Supplement (2024): B059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.liqbiop24-b059.
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Abstract Background: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) paired with methods like ichorCNA and DELFI has become a valuable approach for detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). However, the mixture of ctDNA with non-tumor cfDNA in plasma complicates accurate validation of ctDNA detection methods. In contrast, aqueous humor (AH) from treatment-free retinoblastoma (RB) eyes is uniquely enriched in ctDNA, providing an optimal source for generating reference samples. This study leverages AH-derived biological ctDNA to evaluate two established ctDNA analysis methods. Methods: Biologically derived cfDNA mixtures were created by combining WGS reads from two AH samples with pooled reads from non-tumor blood samples (N=20). One AH sample (RB_023_OS) showed >99% tumor fraction (TFx) with ichorCNA, while the other (RB_025_OD) had confirmed presence of ctDNA based on >99% variant allele frequency (VAF) for an RB1 variant, despite being somatic copy number alteration (SCNA)-negative. Mixtures were prepared across a range of TFx values (0.01-0.5) and unique sequencing coverages (0.1x, 0.5x, 1x, and 2x). TFx was calculated using ichorCNA with standard parameters and optimized parameters for low TFx levels. We also tested an enrichment strategy targeting shorter ctDNA fragments (≤150 base pairs) and generated genome-wide fragmentation profiles using the DELFI method to assess short-to-long (S:L) fragment ratios across 5-Mb bins. Results: We evaluated the impact of sequencing coverage, parameter selection, and fragment size selection on TFx estimation by ichorCNA. Standard ichorCNA parameters demonstrated limited sensitivity, detecting ctDNA only in samples with TFx of 5-6% or higher. Increasing sequencing coverage did not substantially improve the limit of detection (LoD) or the accuracy of TFx quantification. Optimized parameters reduced the LoD to 3% TFx, but only in samples with ≥0.5x coverage, indicating a dependence on sequencing depth for accurate ctDNA detection and quantification. In RB_025_OD, where no SCNAs were present, ichorCNA failed to estimate the TFx despite an RB1 VAF exceeding 99%, highlighting the platform's reliance on SCNAs for accurate TFx detection. Short fragment enrichment (≤150 base pairs) significantly increased TFx values across all samples but could be mapped back to the original TFx values accurately using polynomial curve fitting (R-squared=0.97). Genome- wide fragmentation profiles showed increasing deviation from non-tumor controls as TFx increased, with SCNA-positive samples exhibiting greater deviations than SCNA-negative samples. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the dependence on sequencing coverage and the presence of SCNAs by current ctDNA analysis methods, highlighting their limitations for accurately detecting ctDNA in challenging scenarios. Citation Format: Nikki Higa, Peter Kuhn, Jesse L Berry, Liya Xu. Assessment of ctDNA analysis methods using high purity ctDNA from the aqueous humor of retinoblastoma eyes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr B059.
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Dore, Margherita. "Intertextuality and failed taboo humour in advertising." European Journal of Humour Research 8, no. 3 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2020.8.3.dore.
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Humour is often exploited in advertising to enhance the positive image of a brand or corporate company, as well as to promote products or services. Advertisers seek the involvement of the audience via covert or overt references that, in their opinion, may trigger humour and, hypothetically, result in a positive customer response. However, using intertextual humour in advertising can sometimes be risky because, even though the ideal interlocutor is supposed to be familiar with the humorous reference the author alludes to, the latter can never be certain of whether it will be favourably received. The matter is further complicated if the advert relies on references that play on taboo or transgressive topics, which some may find humorous while others will consider distasteful. After all, humour is a phenomenon that varies according to individual cultures and historical time, as well as in terms of how it is perceived and whether it is appreciated. In this context, this study focuses on the use of intertextual taboo humour in adverts and campaigns that exploit both verbal and non-verbal texts. It particularly explores the reasons for the target clientele’s reaction, which has had a boomerang effect on the brand and company itself. The suggested hypothesis is that the simultaneous exploitation of verbal and non-verbal intertextual references (consciously or unconsciously) activates multiple targets and scripts that cause the intended humour to fail in its scope.
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Sumida, Grant M., and W. Daniel Stamer. "S1P2 receptor regulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate effects on conventional outflow physiology." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 300, no. 5 (2011): C1164—C1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00437.2010.
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Elevated intraocular pressure is the main risk factor in primary open-angle glaucoma, involving an increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow in the juxtacanalicular region of the conventional outflow pathway which includes the trabecular meshwork (TM) and the inner wall of Schlemm's canal (SC). Previously, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was shown to decrease outflow facility in porcine and human eyes, thus increasing outflow resistance and intraocular pressure. Owing to S1P's known effect of increasing barrier function in endothelial cells and the robust expression of the S1P1 receptor on the inner wall of SC, we hypothesized that S1P1 receptor activation promotes junction formation and decreases outflow facility. The effects of subtype-specific S1P receptor compounds were tested in human and porcine whole-eye perfusions and human primary cultures of SC and TM cells to determine the receptor responsible for S1P effects on outflow resistance. The S1P1-specific agonist SEW2871 failed to both mimic S1P effects in paired human eye perfusions, as well as increase myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation in cell culture, a prominent outcome in S1P-treated SC and TM cells. In contrast, the S1P2 antagonist JTE-013, but not the S1P1 or S1P1,3 antagonists, blocked the S1P-promoted increase in MLC phosphorylation. Moreover, JTE-013 prevented S1P-induced decrease in outflow facility in perfused human eyes ( P < 0.05, n = 6 pairs). Similarly, porcine eyes perfused with JTE-013 + S1P did not differ from eyes with JTE-013 alone ( P = 0.53, n = 3). These results demonstrate that S1P2, and not S1P1 or S1P3, receptor activation increases conventional outflow resistance and is a potential target to regulate intraocular pressure.
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Prabasari, Cokorda Istri Winny, I. Gusti Ayu Ratna Suryaningrum, and I. Made Agus Kusumadjadja. "Tatalaksana kegagalan filtrasi pasca trabekulektomi pada pasien anak dengan glaukoma sekunder dan sindrom Sturge Weber: sebuah laporan kasus." Intisari Sains Medis 15, no. 1 (2024): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/ism.v15i1.1934.
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ABSTRACT Background: Sturge-Weber syndrome is a neurocutaneous disorder with angiomas involving the leptomeninges and facial skin. Glaucoma ipsilateral to port-wine stain develops in 30% -70% of patients. Trabeculectomy has been the gold standard and is the most commonly used surgical procedure. The risk of trabeculectomy failure may be due to the perioperative inflammation associated with failed bleb and increased inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor. Case Illustration: A 9-years old girl with mental retardation and port-wine stain on the right side of the face, patient's right eye had a trabeculectomy surgery with 5-Fluorouracil four years ago and routinely used 0.5% timolol maleate drops every 12 hours in the right eye. Filtration failure characterized by failed bleb and failure to achieve intraocular pressure target led to a repeat trabeculectomy with 5-Fluorouracil administration. Repeated trabeculectomy procedures performed in this patient showed no significant complications and demonstrated a reduction of intraocular pressure. Discussion: This case meets the diagnostic criteria for type 1 Sturge-Weber syndrome. Unilateral right eye glaucoma occurred, corresponding to the location of a port-wine stain on the right side of the face. Bleb failure is usually caused by the production, contraction, and remodeling of collagen, which causes excessive scarring of the conjunctiva and episclera. Ophthalmological examination showed a flat bleb with minimal vascularity, indicating failure of filtration and bleb formation. Glaucoma surgery was chosen when intraocular pressure cannot be controlled by medication. The initial trabeculectomy performed in this patient showed uncontrolled intraocular pressure after four years, despite 0.5% timolol maleate administration every 12 hours, so a repeat trabeculectomy was performed to achieve the intraocular pressure target. Repeated trabeculectomy, in this case, appears to be effective in controlling intraocular pressure. Conclusion: Repeated trabeculectomy can be considered as the management of initial trabeculectomy failure in cases of secondary glaucoma in Sturge-Weber syndrome. Latar Belakang: Sindrom Sturge-Weber adalah kelainan neurokutan dengan angioma yang melibatkan leptomeninges dan kulit wajah. Glaukoma ipsilateral hingga port-wine stain terjadi pada 30% -70% pasien. Trabekulektomi telah menjadi baku emas dan merupakan prosedur bedah yang paling umum digunakan. Risiko kegagalan trabekulektomi mungkin disebabkan oleh peradangan perioperatif yang berhubungan dengan kegagalan bleb dan peningkatan sitokin inflamasi dalam aqueous humor. Laporan Kasus: Seorang anak perempuan berusia 9 tahun dengan retardasi mental dan tampak port-wine stain pada sisi kanan wajah, mata kanan pasien telah dilakukan operasi filtrasi trabekulektomi dengan 5-Fluorourasil empat tahun yang lalu, dan rutin menggunakan obat tetes timolol maleate 0,5% setiap 12 jam di mata kanan. Kegagalan filtrasi yang ditandai dengan kegagalan bleb dan tidak tercapainya target tekanan intraokular membuat dilakukannya trabekulektomi ulangan dengan pemberian 5-Fluorourasil. Prosedur trabekulektomi berulang yang dilakukan pada pasien ini menunjukkan tidak adanya komplikasi yang signifikan dan menunjukkan penurunan TIO pada pasien. Diskusi: Laporan kasus ini memenuhi kriteria diagnosis Sindrom Sturge-Weber tipe 1 yaitu klasik dengan adanya angioma leptomeningeal dan fasial, adanya Port Wine Stain dan glaukoma. Glaukoma unilateral terjadi di mata kanan sesuai dengan lokasi Port Wine Stain. Kegagalan bleb cenderung biasanya disebabkan oleh produksi, kontraksi, dan remodeling kolagen yang menyebabkan jaringan parut yang berlebihan pada episklera. Pemeriksaan oftalmologi menunjukkan bleb yang yang mendatar dengan vaskularitas minimal, hal ini menunjukkan adanya kegagalan filtrasi dan pembentukan bleb yang dijumpai empat tahun pasca tindakan trabekulektomi inisial. Operasi glaukoma dilakukan pada kondisi TIO tidak dapat dikontrol oleh obat-obatan. Trabekulektomi inisial yang dilakukan pada pasien ini menunjukkan TIO yang belum terkontrol baik setelah empat tahun, walaupun dengan pemberian timolol maleate 0,5% setiap 12 jam, sehingga dilakukan trabekulektomi ulangan untuk mencapai target TIO. Trabekulektomi berulang pada kasus ini tampaknya efektif dalam mengontrol TIO. Simpulan: Trabekulektomi ulang dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai manajemen pada kegagalan trabekulektomi inisial pada kasus glaukoma sekunder pada Sindrom Sturge-Weber.
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Oesterle, Mareike, and Götz Schwab. "Negotiating instances of failed humour in a transient transnational community." European Journal of Humour Research 12, no. 4 (2024): 124–44. https://doi.org/10.7592/ejhr.2024.12.4.979.
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This study explores how a transient transnational community of teacher educators responds to and negotiates instances of failed humour, addressing a specific research gap in how teacher educators collaborate and interact internationally. Based on a cumulative PhD study within an Erasmus Plus Project (proPIC, 2017-2020), this paper examines instances of failed humour occurring in project meetings between 15 teacher educators from different sociocultural backgrounds. Using the concept of transient transnational communities (Oesterle et al. 2020) and Bell’s (2015) typology of failed humour, this longitudinal and qualitative case study adopts Interactional Sociolinguistics to analyse face-to-face encounters. The analysis of six instances of failed humour from four transnational meetings provides insights into the negotiation processes and highlights significant themes, concluding with a sequencing framework for managing failed humour. The findings indicate the dynamic and fluid nature of these interactions, showing that norms are not static but are continuously negotiated and reshaped based on the community's constellation and context. The study highlights the significant impact of gender and status, demonstrating how these factors influence the management of failed humour and the interactional strategies that emerge.
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Agnifili, Luca, Andrea Palamini, Lorenza Brescia, et al. "Uveoscleral Outflow Routes after MicroPulse Laser Therapy for Refractory Glaucoma: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study of the Sclera." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11 (2024): 5913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115913.
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To analyze in vivo scleral changes induced by MicroPulse transscleral laser therapy (MP-TLT) in refractory glaucoma using anterior segment–optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Forty-two candidate patients for MP-TLT were consecutively enrolled and underwent AS-OCT at baseline and after six months. MP-TLT success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction by one-third. The main outcome measures were the mean superior (S-), inferior (I-), and total (T-) intra-scleral hypo-reflective space area (MISHA: mm2) and scleral reflectivity (S-SR, I-SR, T-SR; arbitrary scale) as in vivo biomarkers of uveoscleral aqueous humor (AH) outflow. The IOP was the secondary outcome. The relations between the baseline-to-six months differences (D) of DS-MISHA, DI-MISHA, and DT-MISHA and DS-SR, DI-SR, DT-SR, and DIOP, were investigated. At 6 months, the median IOP reduction was 21% in the failures and 38% in the successes. The baseline S-MISHA, I-MISHA, and T-MISHA did not differ between the groups, while S-SR and T-SR were higher in the successes (p < 0.05). At six months, successful and failed MP-TLTs showed a 50% increase in S-MISHA (p < 0.001; p = 0.037), whereas I-SR and T-SR reduced only in the successes (p = 0.002; p = 0.001). When comparing DS-MISHA, DI-MISHA, and DT-MISHA and DS-SR, DI-SR, and DT-SR, there were no significant differences between the groups. In the successful procedures, DIOP was positively correlated with DT-MISHA and DI-MISHA (ρ = 0.438 and ρ = 0.490; p < 0.05). MP-TLT produced potentially advantageous modifications of the sclera in refractory glaucoma. Given the partial correlation between these modifications and post-treatment IOP reduction, our study confirmed that the activation of the uveoscleral AH outflow route could significantly contribute to the IOP lowering after MP-TLT.
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Al Tamimi, Yasser, and Mohammad Mansy. "Subtitling Research in the Arab World: Review Article." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 6, no. 1 (2023): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.6.1.1.
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This article outlines the most important trends in subtitling research in the Arab World. Despite its importance, immediacy of reception and the broad audience subtitles reach, academia has lagged for decades and failed to cope with the growing subtitling industry, missing great opportunities for research, practice as well as the teaching of subtitling in institutions of higher education. However, a good number of subtitling practitioners and academics have realized this wide gap in the research and started to carry out serious projects to investigate this area. This article reviews the current body of literature that spans the past twenty years and highlights the major areas of research as well as the gaps that still exist. This review has found out that the major areas that have been covered so far include technical aspects of subtitling; linguistic difficulties (lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, etc.); rhetorical aspects (such as euphemism, humor and word play); and cultural appropriateness (in relation to censorship to hide swearwords and obscenities as well as religious connotations, taboos, idioms, etc.). Many of these studies have suggested translation strategies to address these challenges (e.g., omissions, paraphrase, modulation, adaptation and transcreation). However, the article also points out some gaps in the research such as the relevenace of subtitling to some translation theories and linguistic models like the Interpretive Theory of Translation (ITT), Relevance Theory, Accommodation Theory, Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS), Grice’s Cooperative Principle and Brondeel’s Model. There is also a huge gap in accessibility studies which aim to make audiovisual material accessible to people with sensory (visual or aural) disabilities. Additionally, the usefulness of subtitling to foreign language teaching and learning has not been adequately researched in Arab universities. Therefore, these areas merit the attention of researchers in the future.
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Abdel-Hakim, Ali, Fathalla Belal, Mohamed A. Hammad, and Mahmoud El-Maghrabey. "Rapid microwave synthesis of N and S dual-doped carbon quantum dots for natamycin determination based on fluorescence switch-off assay." Methods and Applications in Fluorescence 11, no. 4 (2023): 045007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2050-6120/acf119.
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Abstract Green, one-pot, quick, and easily synthesized nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CDs) were obtained from cheap and readily available chemicals (sucrose, urea, and thiourea) using a microwave-assisted approach in about 4 min and utilized as a turn-off fluorescent sensor for estimation of natamycin (NAT). First, the effect of N and S doping on the microwave-synthesized CDs’ quantum yield was carefully studied. CDs derived from sucrose alone failed to produce a high quantum yield; then, to increase the quantum yield, doping with heteroatoms was carried out using either urea or thiourea. A slight increase in quantum yield was observed upon using thiourea with sucrose, while an obvious enhancement of quantum yield was obtained when urea was used instead of thiourea. Surprisingly, using a combination of urea and thiourea together results in N,S-CDs with the highest quantum yield (53.5%), uniform and small particle size distribution, and extended stability. The fluorescent signal of N,S-CDs was quenched upon addition of NAT due to inner filter effect and static quenching in a manner that allowed for quantitative determination of NAT over a range of 0.5–10.0 μg ml−1 (LOD = 0.10 μg ml−1). The N,S-CDs were applicable for determination of NAT in aqueous humor, eye drops, different environmental water samples, and bread with excellent performance. The selectivity study indicated excellent selectivity of the prepared N,S-CDs toward NAT with little interference from possibly interfering substances. In-silico toxicological evaluation of NAT was conducted to estimate its long-term toxicity and drug-drug interactions. Finally, the preparation of N,S-CDs, and analytical procedure compliance with the green chemistry principles were confirmed by two greenness assessment tools.
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Laineste, Liisi. "Funny or Aggressive? Failed Humour in Internet Comments." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 53 (April 2013): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2013.53.laineste.
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Solano-Gallego, L., A. Rodríguez, L. Iniesta, M. Arboix, M. Portús, and J. Alberola. "Detection of Anti-Leishmania Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Urine Specimens of Dogs with Leishmaniasis." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 5 (2003): 849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.5.849-855.2003.
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ABSTRACT For years, anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies have been detected in the sera of dogs living in areas of leishmaniasis endemicity. They have also been found in the aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid. In contrast, a review of the literature failed to identify the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies in urine samples from dogs with leishmaniasis. Ninety-five dog urine samples were examined for the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies by using a protein A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Twenty additional urine samples were collected from healthy dogs as controls. An IgG2 ELISA was performed on 26 urine samples found positive by the protein A ELISA. Twenty-three urine samples found positive to anti-Leishmania antibodies were tested for the local production of anti-Leishmania antibodies in the urinary tract by means of the urine antibody coefficient. Ten urine samples (and the corresponding serum samples) were compared by Western blot (WB) analysis. Thirty-five out of the 95 urine samples were found positive, 57 were found negative, and 3 were found inconclusive for antibody detection by the protein A ELISA. A high correlation between protein A and IgG2 levels was found in positive urine samples. Anti-Leishmania antibodies were present in the urine of dogs that had leishmaniasis, urinary protein/creatinine (U P/C) ratios of greater than one, and normal urinary sediment. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the U P/C ratios and the levels of anti-Leishmania antibodies in positive urine samples. In general, WB analysis and the urine antibody coefficient suggested that the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies in urine was the consequence of an impairment of filtration of the glomerular barrier. However, in some dogs, WB analysis could be interpreted as suggesting that the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies was caused, to a lesser extent, by local antibody production in the urinary tract. Antibody detection in urine could be a noninvasive method for leishmaniasis diagnosis and prognosis in dogs with glomerulonephropathies.
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Carbajal-Carrera, Beatriz, and Olga Sanchez-Castro. "The role of secondary incongruities in cartoon appreciation." European Journal of Humour Research 8, no. 2 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2020.8.2.carbajal-carrera.
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Failed humour in conversational exchanges has received increasing attention in humour research (see Bell 2015; Bell & Attardo 2010). However, tensions between what constitutes successful and failed humour have yet to be fully explored outside conversational humour. Drawing on Hay’s (2001) classification of humour stages and using a socio-cognitive approach to pragmatics to examine responses from Spanish L1 and L2 users to differing combinations of structural and content features in cartoons, the present study aims to explore what factors contribute to successful and failed responses to multimodal humour. Previous research has predominantly investigated the role of caricature as one of the prototypical features of cartoons affecting humour communication, suggesting that this feature plays an active role in the recognition of the humoristic genre (Padilla & Gironzetti 2012). Findings from the present study indicate that caricature operates not only in the recognition, but also in the understanding and appreciation stages. In particular, our results point to two other roles of caricature as a secondary incongruity and as a factor that can trigger appreciation through empathy and/or a sense of superiority. Importantly, this investigation indicates that the presence of secondary incongruities can compensate for a partial lack of understanding, highlighting the relevance that this type of incongruity has in humour appreciation.
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Tanabe, Hirotaka, Shunsuke Nakakura, Yoshie Shimizu, Sachiko Maruoka, and Tomohiro Shojo. "Repeated tube exposure due to masked herpes zoster ophthalmicus after Ahmed valve implantation in an eye with neovascular glaucoma: A case report." Medicine 103, no. 52 (2024): e41030. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000041030.
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Rationale: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) occurs after the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) present within the sensory spinal or cerebral ganglia and sometimes causes ocular inflammatory diseases, including neovascular glaucoma (NVG), which is one of the most devastating sequelae of virus-associated uveitis. In NVG, the synechial angle ultimately closes due to the contraction of proliferating myofibroblasts, which often requires glaucoma filtration surgery, including Ahmed glaucoma drainage device implantation, to maintain optimum intraocular pressure (IOP). Although tube exposure from the conjunctiva is a complication of glaucoma implant surgery, a case in which a glaucoma tube implant was repeatedly exposed due to masked HZO in a postoperative eye with NVG has not been reported. Patient concerns: A 72-year-old male with NVG in his left eye ultimately underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation with sulcus fixation for uncontrolled IOP. Before surgery, acyclovir ophthalmic ointment had been applied to treat a suspected VZV infection, but the regimen was discontinued because an aqueous humor sample tested negative for VZV according to polymerase chain reaction. Postoperatively, the patient’s IOP dramatically decreased without any need for glaucoma eye drops. However, the tube was exposed when the overlying conjunctiva and allogeneic scleral grafts disintegrated. Diagnoses: Although the tube was covered with different types of tissues, including an allogeneic corneal graft and an autogenous conjunctival graft from the same eye, the grafts completely disintegrated again. Covering the tube with another allogeneic corneal graft and an autogenous free conjunctival graft from the contralateral eye also failed, with gradual disintegration of these tissues. During the observation period, severe HZO with Hutchinson sign and clearly demarcated pseudodendritic corneal ulceration were noted. Interventions: After thorough consideration, we cut and removed the tube to avoid possible scleral perforation due to prolonged inflammation. Outcomes: Fortunately, the patient’s IOP was controlled by resuming the continuous daily application of antiviral ointment and repeatedly injecting anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for rubeosis regularly afterward. Lessons: The possibility of VZV reactivation should always be considered in cases of tube exposure due to an unknown cause after Ahmed valve implantation in an eye with NVG.
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Sun, Zhonghua, Shanshan Li, Wen Wang, et al. "Treatment of filtration bleb dysfunction after glaucoma surgery by needle revision of filtration bleb combined with conbercept." Medicine 102, no. 34 (2023): e34591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000034591.
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Filtration surgery (Trabeculectomy) is the main treatment for glaucoma. The scarring of the filtration bleb and obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor through the filtration channel are the main reasons of the surgery failure. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of needle revision of filtration blebs combined with subconjunctival injection of conbercept on the functional bleb formation in glaucoma patients with eye pressure out of control after trabeculectomy. A total of 48 eyes with poor filtration bleb function after trabeculectomy for glaucoma were treated with needle revision of filtration bleb combined with subconjunctival injection of conbercept. After the treatment, the patients were followed up for 3 months during which visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp and ultrasound biomicroscope examinations were performed. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. The visual acuity and intraocular pressure were significantly improved after the needle revision of filtration blebs. Among the 48 eyes, 39 eyes still had functional blebs at the end of the follow-up period, and filtration blebs failed in 9 eyes 2 to 8 weeks after the removal of the needle. The survival rate of filtration blebs at 3 months after needle revision was (79.06 ± 3.42%), and 81.25% (39/48) of the eyes showed good formation rate of functional bleb at the last follow-up. Three months after needle revision, there was local scar formation in some filtration blebs. Part of the filtration blebs showed mild thickening of the local subconjunctival tissue, and the filtration bleb was slightly raised and diffuse, showing a multi-cavity and thin-walled shape in some blebs. Ultrasound biomicroscopy examination showed relative structural manifestations. Subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred in 43 patients during and after the operation. Low intraocular pressure occurred in 8 patients with the lowest pressure of 5 mm Hg. Choroidal edema was observed in 3 patients. Five patients had intraoperative conjunctival hemorrhage in the anterior chamber, and hyphema occurred. All complications were self-limited and resolved without surgical intervention. Needle revision of filtration bleb combined with anti-VEGF drugs is a safe and effective method for the treatment of filtration bleb dysfunction after surgery of glaucoma.
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Vanagaitė, Gitana. "Luigi Pirandello’s Works in Lithuania: Why the Dialogue Did Not Take Place." Interlitteraria 21, no. 2 (2017): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2016.21.2.5.
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Luigi Pirandello (1867–1936) was an Italian modernist writer and playwright who enriched literature with questions of modern identity as it relates to the contradiction between human consciousness and reality. Pirandello pondered questions of art and reality, mask and essence, life and form, and the fragmentation of a personality. In his works, he also foresaw what would later constitute the base of existential philosophy.The reception of Pirandello’s works in Lithuania has been limited, in part because of the small number of his works translated into Lithuanian – only a dozen short stories, two plays, and a novel.The first more or less systematic and thorough introduction to the play wright and his works took place in 1934, when the Italian writer was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his “bold and brilliant renovation of the drama and the stage.” A few articles on Pirandello’s creative principles appeared in the Lithuanian press. A Lithuanian poet, Kazys Binkis, translated the beginning of Pirandello’s play, Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore (Six Characters in Search of an Author, 1921), and a writer, Kostas Korsakas, edited a book consisting of five novels, Pirmoji naktis (‘First Night’). A Lithuanian translation of his novel, Il fu Mattia Pascal (The Late Mattia Pascal, 1904), and two plays, Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore and Enrico IV (Henry IV, 1922), came out during the Soviet period.All translations were accompanied by a foreword containing basic biographical details about and introducing Pirandello’s cultural, literary and creative life. Although Pirandello gets attention in Lithuanian university textbooks, no academic paper about him or his works has been published yet. There have been no translations of Pirandello’s theoretical texts, his thoughts on the cultural situation, literature, and man at the beginning of the 20th century, i.e., a volume of essays Arte e Scienza (Art and Science) written in 1908 or an important long essay, L’umorismo (On Humor), in which author also examines the principles of his own art. On the other hand, the literary reception of Pirandello’s works has been supplemented by theater performances. Five plays of his were mounted and the play, Henry IV, was twice produced on Lithuanian theater stage.The article examines why Pirandello’s artistic ideas, which reached Lithuania during the second decade of the 20th century, remained on the periphery and failed to influence the literary canon. Keywords: Luigi
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Posternyak, Kirill P. "TRANSFORMATION OF THE IMAGE OF RUSSIANS IN THE BRITISH MEDIA DISCOURSE (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE BRITISH MEDIA 1941-1945 and 2014-2023)." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 27, no. 4 (2023): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2023-4-69-79.
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The relevance of this article lies in the need to study the transformation of the image of Russians in the British media discourse during periods of allied relations between Russia and Britain and during periods of confrontation between these states, which is necessary to expand the understanding of the mechanisms of transformation of the image of ethnos in the political media discourse. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the conceptual and linguistic-stylistic actualization of the images of Russians in the British media discourse during the Second World War and the last decade. The results of the research show that during the Second World War, when the Soviet Union and Britain were allies in the fight against Nazi Germany, the image of Russians had a positive connotative background. Its conceptual space included such axiologically significant concepts as &quot;ally&quot;, &quot;defence&quot;, &quot;bravery&quot;, &quot;courage&quot;, &quot;battle&quot;, &quot;sacrifice&quot;, &quot;victory&quot;, &quot;confidence&quot;, &quot;unity&quot; and &quot;patriotism.&quot; Russians were attributed such positive personality qualities, represented in the conceptual space of the image by the corresponding concepts, as emotionality, a good sense of humor, complaisance, patience, cordiality Creating such an image, British journalists used functionalevaluative words of positive semantics, comparative constructions, allowing to show the constancy of positive qualities, and contrast, with which the bravery of Russian soldiers was emphasized in comparison with the nations that failed to resist fascism. Due to the confrontation between Russia and Britain that has intensified since 2014, the connotative background of the image of Russians is mostly very negative. The conceptual field of the image of Russians includes such axiologically significant concepts as &quot;enemy&quot;, &quot;crime&quot;, &quot;prostitution&quot;, &quot;corruption&quot;, &quot;evil&quot;, &quot;deceived by propa-ganda&quot;, &quot;weakness&quot;, &quot;fear&quot;, &quot;despair&quot; and &quot;depression&quot;. This image is created with the help of evaluative and functional-evaluative lexemes with negative evaluation, com-parative constructions and metaphorical epithets.
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Hale, Adrian, and Dennis Lam. "“I was pissed off at her ignorance”." European Journal of Humour Research 12, no. 4 (2024): 159–73. https://doi.org/10.7592/ejhr.2024.12.4.968.
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This paper will discursively examine the complex power structures involved in the university setting, as exposed by a student’s verbalised objection to a tutor’s racist humour which targeted Asian international students. By speaking out, this student then became the target of censure from another student who defended the tutor’s use of humour. Such an incident illustrates the dilemmas presented by the (inappropriate) uses of humour in the educational setting, in the context of increasingly literate and confident challenges to such uses/abuses of humour. Using various Discourse Analysis approaches, including Face Theory, this paper will demonstrate how this instance of failed humour invoked many competing social aspects of power, collisions of literacy, hidden institutional assumptions, and emerging notions of how humour can be identified and resisted.
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Merziger, Patrick. "Humour in Nazi Germany: Resistance and Propaganda? The Popular Desire for an All-Embracing Laughter." International Review of Social History 52, S15 (2007): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859007003240.
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Two directions in the historiography of humour can be diagnosed: on the one hand humour is understood as a form of resistance, on the other hand it is taken as a means of political agitation. This dichotomy has been applied especially to describe humour in National Socialism and in other totalitarian regimes. This article argues that both forms were marginal in National Socialism. The prevalence of the “whispered jokes”, allegedly the form of resistance, has been exaggerated. The satire, allegedly the official and dominant form of humour, was not well-received by the National Socialistic public. This article will reconstruct the rise of a third form, the “German humour”, and discuss the reasons for its success by looking at why satire failed.
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Ledauskaité, Kristina, and Janja Kovač. "Research of transport specialis competences in Lithuania and Slovénia." Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok 4, no. 1 (2009): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jtgf.2009.1.150-154.
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Competitiveness is closely related to business management, operational efficiency, and new approaches to the management of search. One of the most important and intractable problems of the transport companies remain effective management of the problem, covering a wide range of issues. This is a rational organizational structures, which are not always meeting the company's strategic objectives, set up; advanced management methods, which often are only the failed experience fitting of foreign countries without the necessary adaptation; management of democratization; the staff, especially top-level managers, the potential and environmental non-compliance, the lack of ability to understand the overall economic development trends, make informed decisions, to ensure the company's competitive capacity (Gal J. 2008). In order shape the competitive enterprises realistically, it is necessary to use consistently all opportunities to change the heads of management. This will help not only the traditional methods of enhancing their competence, but the new management philosophy and the installation of plants. The faster and clearer our transport business leaders understand that the company's competitiveness is not only the subject they are and all the staff, the greater the opportunity to become a fully fledged market economy. Recently, rapid changes during the period of not less important is the manager and the social competence, i.e., the effectiveness of social behavior, the ability to adapt to the dynamically changing environment and to take corresponding changes in the decisions. Social competence criteria - this consist of the whole social skills (which includes both verbal and non verbal communication skills) the ability to form interpersonal relationships, be well-liked in group, the ability to achieve the goals. Management has the competence to disclose not only the knowledge and experience, but personal qualities / characteristics as well. Personal competence - the self-assessment of skills and personal characteristics of the combination (of humor to work, motivation, development and the desire to work, and beyond), which is not the level of knowledge, but the employee's personal characteristics (personal qualities, character and mental qualities, behavioral targeting). Therefore, a lot of career success depends on how the graduate is able to evaluate a particular enterprise or workplace evolving situation and adopt a self-optimal management decisions. Of course, professional, capable practical situations to make the right transportation management solutions, development inevitably must rely on general subjects; the learning is based on certain definitions and classification of knowledge systems. In this article will be submitted to the Lithuanian and Slovenian transport expertise in the study results.
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Hale, Adrian. "“I get it, but it’s just not funny”: Why humour fails, after all is said and done." European Journal of Humour Research 6, no. 1 (2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2018.6.1.hale.
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Failed humour can be explained by communicative gaps, at either the semantic or pragmatic levels, but sometimes, after all is ‘said and done’, people resist humour for purely discursive reasons. Some may recognise the divisive nature of a humorous text, and experience conflicting feelings. Others may welcome humour purely because of its appeal to ideology, while the text itself may not be considered as being very funny. Then there are people who ‘go along with the joke’ purely to avoid losing face. Political humour is a site of great power, where the stakes are high. For example, Donald Trump rejected Baldwin’s SNL parody, finding his ‘alter ego’ “unwatchable” and “not funny”. Other politicians, and members of the public, however, choose to respond to political humour in diverse ways. The reception of humour, therefore, is more complex than it appears. We might resist humour because of a deficiency in linguistic competence, but we might also resist humour because of literacy competence. This paper will theorise that there exists a ‘default setting’ in a person’s discourse, such that when encountering an instance of humour, we all employ a discursive defence mechanism (DDM), and that there are ‘triggers’ which provoke this DDM.
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Filani, Ibukun. "Editorial: Dis laf fit kill person - An overview of Nigerian humour." European Journal of Humour Research 6, no. 4 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2018.6.4.filani.
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In Nigeria, in relation to the aforesaid functions, everyday citizens and professional humourists use humour to express their expectations from and disappointments in the socio-political leadership of the country. Common Nigerian jokes indicate the country’s travails with ethnicity and failed political leadership. They also enunciate populist perspectives on nationhood, identity and the challenges of everyday living. In spite of the centrality of humour to daily life in Nigeria, scholarly interests in its sociocultural, political, rhetorical, interactional and interpersonal dimensions have been very minimal. According to Obadare (2016), it is as if once something is categorised as humour, it is expunged from any serious interrogations. There are diverse and numerous dimensions of humour in Nigeria, given the country’s extensive and still expanding popular culture landscape. A handful of these dimensions are examined in the papers that make up this special issue of EJHR.
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Green, Stuart. "Humour and national identity in Spain: the failed Americanisation of Spanish comedy (1939–1945)." Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies 16, no. 2-3 (2010): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2010.533429.
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Yusef, Yu N., N. V. Fisenko, T. A. Demura, and G. A. Osipyan. "Clinicopathologic Analyses of Failed Endothelial Keratoplasty (the Clinical Cases)." Ophthalmology in Russia 20, no. 4 (2023): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2023-4-787-798.
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Purpose: To evaluate the clinicopathologic features of failed endothelial keratoplasty. Methods. In this study 11 patients (11 eyes) with recurrence of bullous keratopathy (BK) were included. Group 1 consisted of 4 patients who underwent repeat Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK), group 2 included 7 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) after failed Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK). Preoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT), RTVue-100, Optovue, USA, was performed. Intraoperatively aqueous humour (AqH) samples were collected for multiplex cytokine analysis. During keratoplasty failed grafts/corneal buttons were obtained and then investigated histologically (hematoxylin/eosin staining, primary antibodies to pancytokeratin, vimentin, collagen III). Results. Recurrence of BK in all clinical cases manifests by the increase of inflammatory factors in AqH, corneal edema, neovascularization and remodeling to fibrosis. Glaucoma may induce DMEK/ DSAEK graft failure due to chronic local inflammation. In the clinical cases recurrence of BK was caused by peripheral and central graft detachment, rebubbling, graft upside-down orientation and donor corneal genetic disorders. Conclusions. Chronic local inflammation (including corneal morphological changes) in patients with BK recurrence is an indication for reoperation. The modification of keratoplasty — DMEK/DSAEK/PK — is determined according to slit-lamp and OCT images of the cornea. High-level risk of immune reaction (especially in cases of three and more times repeated keratolasty) is the reason for systemic corticosteroid and, sometimes, cytostatic therapy.
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Berlin, Brent, and Elois Ann Berlin. "Community Autonomy and the Maya ICBG Project in Chiapas, Mexico: How a Bioprospecting Project that Should Have Succeeded Failed." Human Organization 63, no. 4 (2004): 472–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.63.4.xp2dpuh204b0h61b.
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Bebber, Brett. "The Short Life ofCurry and Chips: Racial Comedy on British Television in the 1960s." Journal of British Cinema and Television 11, no. 2-3 (2014): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2014.0204.
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This article analyses Curry and Chips (ITV, 1969), a situation comedy that relied heavily on racial humour to satisfy its audiences. Like other sitcoms during this era in British television, it capitalised on extant anxieties about the increasing migration of formerly colonised subjects to Britain. Johnny Speight and Spike Milligan, the programme's creators, believed that forwarding vulgar racial epithets and bigoted humour put English attitudes to immigration under examination. But the programme proved popular because of its appeal to white workers, who viewed depictions of the challenges of integrating non-white workers in a comedic context with some pleasure. Under the thin guise of political satire, the programme recirculated ethnic stereotypes and racist discourses to make its humour apparent. Audience research and letters of complaint also reveal that Curry and Chips appealed to audiences sympathetic to the racist attitudes forwarded by the programme's characters and failed to change white Britons’ perspectives on migration and integration. Because of the debate it caused about the appropriateness of its humour, Curry and Chips lasted only a single series before being banned by the Independent Television Authority. Like other forms of racial humour, the comedy resonated with working-class anxieties but negated the programme's utility as progressive parody.