Relevant bibliographies by topics / Failed market

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Failed market'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 December 2022
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Failed market"

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Noel, Theodore A. "The Market Has Not Failed!" Anesthesia & Analgesia 77, no. 6 (1993): 1309???1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199312000-00052.

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Martinec, Cindy L., and Robert E. Johnstone. "The Market Has Not Failed!" Anesthesia & Analgesia 77, no. 6 (1993): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199312000-00053.

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Booth, Philip. "MARKET FAILURE: A FAILED PARADIGM1." Economic Affairs 28, no. 4 (2008): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2008.00865.x.

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Aguilera, Alfonso Valenzuela. "Failed Markets." Latin American Perspectives 44, no. 2 (2016): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x16682782.

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A confluence between the state, the housing market, and the rationale of financial capital has led to excessive growth of social housing in Mexico in the past two decades. This growth has been one way of channeling excess capital into global financial markets rather than the result of a public policy to address the housing needs of the low-income population. Durante las últimas dos décadas la confluencia entre el estado, el mercado de la vivienda y la lógica del capital financiero ha llevado a un crecimiento excesivo de la vivienda social en México. Este crecimiento ha sido una manera de canalizar el excedente de capital hacia los mercados financieros internacionales en vez del resultado de una política pública para resolver las necesidades de vivienda de la población de bajos ingresos.
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Kazis, Noah. "The Failed Federalism of Affordable Housing: Why States Don't Use Housing Vouchers." Michigan Law Review, no. 121.2 (2022): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.121.2.failed.

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This Article uncovers a critical disjuncture in our system of providing affordable rental housing. At the federal level, the oldest, fiercest debate in low-income housing policy is between project-based and tenant-based subsidies: should the government help build new affordable housing projects or help renters afford homes on the private market? But at the state and local levels, it is as if this debate never took place. The federal government (following most experts) employs both strategies, embracing tenant-based assistance as more cost-effective and offering tenants greater choice and mobility. But this Article shows that state and local housing voucher programs are rare, small, and limited to special populations. States and cities almost exclusively provide project-based rental assistance. They move in lockstep despite disparate market conditions and political demands: project-based spending overwhelmingly predominates in both high- and lowrent markets and in both liberal and conservative states. States have done so across decades of increased spending. This uniform subnational approach suggests an unhealthy federalism—neither efficient nor experimental. This Article further diagnoses why states have made this unusual choice, identifying four primary culprits: (1) fiscally-constrained states use project-based models to minimize painful cuts during recessions; (2) incomplete federal housing subsidies inadvertently incentivize project-based spending; (3) the interest groups involved in financing and constructing affordable housing are relatively more powerful subnationally; and (4) rental assistance’s unusual, lottery-like nature elevates the value of visible spending over cost-effectiveness. Finally, this Article points the way toward reform, offering two paths forward. Taking a federalist perspective allows for a new understanding of federal housing statutes. Better cooperative models—expanding either the federal or state role in providing affordable housing—could accept states’ limitations in providing rental assistance and exploit their strengths.
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Ener, Hakan. "Explaining Failed versus Accomplished Product Market Entry." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (2017): 10290. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.172.

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Edris, Sarah, Thorsten Wahle, Stijn Horck, and Ajai Singh Gaur. "Emerging market firm’s persistence with failed innovations." Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, no. 1 (2021): 15803. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.15803abstract.

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Abbott, P. C. "Tariff-rate quotas: failed market access instruments?" European Review of Agriculture Economics 29, no. 1 (2002): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/29.1.109.

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Duan, Yingjie, and Junwu Tian. "‘Failed Feminism’." Critical Survey 34, no. 3 (2022): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cs.2022.340305.

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In Vinegar Girl, a 2016 fictional adaptation of The Taming of the Shrew, Anne Tyler exhibits an ambivalent treatment of the female predicaments left by William Shakespeare: while she invests her modern version of Katherina with linguistic and intellectual independence emblematic of female resistance to patriarchal disciplines, she somehow acquiesces in the fixed familial place and the stereotypical images of women in the monolithic patriarchal system. When the novel was introduced into the Chinese mainland in 2017, the Chinese publisher, out of commercial concerns, advertised it as a highly feminist text through the delicate manipulation of the translation of its title and a series of paratextual manoeuvres, to the detriment of the novel’s ambiguous complexities of gender issues. The marketing strategies nevertheless backfired on one of China’s social media platforms and rendered the novel a relatively ‘failed’ feminist text against China’s unique market and media background in the last decade.
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Ariff, M., P. K. Chan, and L. W. Johnson. "A Case Study of a Failed Call Options Market." Managerial Finance 21, no. 10 (1995): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb018538.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Failed market"

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Lockhart, Andrew. "Unnatural markets : the politics of biodiversity offsetting and failed environmental market-making in England." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16742/.

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This thesis examines the biodiversity offsetting programme for England initiated by the UK government in 2011 and abandoned in 2014. Offsetting enables developers to purchase biodiversity credits, representing conservation gain somewhere else, to compensate for residual loss on the development site, ensuring no net loss of biodiversity overall. Recent years have seen increasing interest globally in market-based instruments for nature conservation, which advocates promise will deliver win-win outcomes, facilitating economic growth and safeguarding of nature at the same time, through market efficiencies. Political ecologists, on the other hand, have long highlighted the contradictions encountered in efforts to commodify nature. Drawing on Marxist political ecologies and literature on the neoliberalisation of nature, this thesis examines why the UK government was unable to establish its proposed biodiversity offsetting programme in a particular geographical and historical setting, in a climate of fiscal austerity and growth-orientated deregulation. As the government attempted to enrol sympathetic actors, disputes soon emerged over the purpose and technical details of the proposals. Deeper tensions were quickly revealed: the government’s non-negotiable position that offsetting should impose no new costs on developers, that it should be voluntary and that no new resources would be provided for planning authorities administering the policy locally, meant that it could not convince offsetting’s advocates – let alone its detractors – that it would achieve either meaningful biodiversity outcomes. Nor could it stimulate a substantial offset market, which it hoped would lubricate the planning system and accelerate land development, which was its primary goal. The thesis explores how the government’s non-interventionist, strictly pro-growth conditions played out in different moments of the policymaking process. It argues that it was precisely offsetting’s appeal to government, predicated on its promise of a win-win for development and conservation, in a neoliberal world of limited and diminishing public resources, which undermined the possibility of its implementation. Though the English case is specific, the thesis concludes that this underlying tension appears politically hard-wired into the very concept of offsetting, raising questions over its meaningful implementation anywhere.
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Wilson, Ronald 1950. "Richmond's 6th Street Marketplace : assessment of a failed festival market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79951.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1989.<br>Title as it appeared in M.I.T. Graduate List, Sept. 1989: Richmond Festival Marketplace.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-92).<br>by Ronald Wilson.<br>M.S.
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Beckerman, Drew M. "Short-Term Stock Market Response to “Say On Pay” Failed Votes." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/492.

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The Say on Pay vote, part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act signed into law by Barack Obama in July 2010, is a non-binding vote that either approves or disapproves of the compensation given to Named Executive Officers. As of June 21, 2012, there have been 103 companies that have failed to reach 50% approval in this vote. For this paper I analyze the 103 companies over event windows of two, four, and ten days around the date of the failure to test for statistically significant abnormal stock market returns. None of the average cumulative abnormal returns for the three event windows are significant at any level, and I find no evidence that failing the Say on Pay vote corresponds to an increase or decrease in stock market returns.
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Kim, June. "The Rise of Private Equity in China: A Case Study of Successful and Failed Foreign Private Equity Investments." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/921.

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China's transition from a planned economy to a market economy has brought about remarkably rapid economic growth. Year after year, China boasted of double-digit growth rates since the early 1990s. Attracted by China's so-called "economic miracle," foreign investors began entering the Chinese market hoping to benefit from the country's vast array of financial opportunities. Private equity, particularly a leveraged buyout, was an unfamiliar concept in China until late 1990s. Now China has become the most attractive destination among emerging markets for private equity investment. Global private equity firms are currently raising billions of dollars for funds focusing on China because of the potential for exceedingly high returns. In the early 2000s, there were several instances of the Chinese government approving large foreign private equity deals with a state-owned enterprises in industries deemed strategically sensitive. This is highly unusual because the Chinese government has been traditionally protective of sectors related to national or economic security. However, there were also cases when foreign private equity deals failed to gain regulatory approval even though the Chinese firm was not in a sensitive industry. This paper aims to illuminate the reasons behind this anomaly. By investigating the factors that Chinese regulators consider when reviewing private equity proposals through an analysis of four case studies, this paper will reveal a facet of China's evolving market economy. Based on the parallels drawn from the case studies along with other formidable challenges, this paper proposes that the future of China's private equity market may not be as promising as anticipated by foreign investors.
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Webb, Jeremy C. "Theory and practice of automotive modal lock-in – an Indonesian case." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/78678/2/Jeremy_Webb_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examines the question why the automotive mode and the large technological system it creates, continues to dominate urban transport systems despite the availability of more cost-efficient alternatives. A number of theoretical insights are developed into the way these losses evolve from path dependent growth, and lead to market failure and lock-in. The important role of asymmetries of influence is highlighted. A survey of commuters in Jakarta Indonesia is used to provide a measure of transport modal lock-in (TML) in a developing country conurbation. A discrete choice experiment is used to provide evidence for the thesis central hypothesis that in such conurbations there is a high level of commuter awareness of the negative externalities generated by TML which can produce a strong level of support for its reversal. Why TML nevertheless remains a strong and durable feature of the transport system is examined with reference to the role of asymmetries of influence.
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Costard, Jano. "Coping with Change in Markets, the Workplace and Communities." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18174.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert Wandel in Märkten, am Arbeitsplatz und in Gemeinschaften. Es wird gezeigt, dass Firmen, die bisher erfolgreich und technisch überlegen waren, scheitern können, wenn neue Märkte entstehen. Dabei wird das Paradox aufgelöst, dass Firmen auch scheitern können, wenn die technische Überlegenheit ebenfalls auf die neuen Märkte zutrifft. Auf Basis eines erweiterten Modells aus dem Bereich der Industrieökonomik werden ein cannibalization effect und organizational diseconomies of scope als mögliche Gründe für ein Scheitern identifiziert. Fallstudien zu den Unternehmen Kodak, Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer und Digital Equipment Corporation legen den Schluss nahe, dass für alle drei Unternehmen organizational diseconomies of scope ausschlaggebend für ihr Scheitern waren. In einem Experiment wird gezeigt, wie Teilnehmer auf eine Änderung des Lohns oder der Arbeitsanforderung reagieren. Gleichzeitig wird analysiert, wie die im Gesicht ausgedrückten Emotionen im Zusammenhang stehen mit der Änderung von Lohn oder Arbeitsanforderung sowie einer möglichen Anpassung der Arbeitsleistung. In einem weiteren Experiment wird gezeigt, dass Solidarität nicht unter allen Umständen gewährt wird. Während eine Gruppe der Teilnehmer weniger solidarisch ist mit denjenigen, die vermeidbares Risiko eingegangen sind, verhält es sich bei anderen Teilnehmern genau andersherum. Insbesondere zeigen Teilnehmer mit größerer Risikobereitschaft auch mehr Solidarität gegenüber anderen Teilnehmern, die vermeidbares Risiko eingehen, als gegenüber solchen, die Risiken vermeiden.<br>This text studies change in markets, the workplace and communities. I show how firms that have been successful and technologically superior can fail when new markets arise. In doing so, I resolve the paradox of firms failing in new markets in which they had a technological advantage as well. Based on a model of industry evolution, I show how firms can fail in new markets despite a technological advantage due to a cannibalization effect or organizational diseconomies of scope. Three case studies of firms Kodak, Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer and Digital Equipment Corporation suggest that for all three of them organizational diseconomies of scope were decisive in their failure. In an experiment, we show how subjects react to a change in wage or workload. At the same time, we analyze their facial expression of emotion and link these to the subjects being informed of changes in wage or workload and a potential future change in effort. In an additional experiment, we show how people differentiate when showing solidarity. In particular, people hold others responsible for factors that are within their control. Because of that, subjects can receive less solidarity if they decide to take avoidable risk. However, the opposite can be observed as well. People who took risks themselves show more solidarity towards others that took avoidable risks than towards people that actual avoided this risk.
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Ngo, Tak-Wing. "The East Asian anomaly revisited : the politics of laissez-faire in Hong Kong 1945-1985." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362714.

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Rodrigues, Rui Filipe Silva. "Auto industry bailout: too big to fail. To big for whom?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11537.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics<br>The bailout of the American Auto Industry is considered the largest government intervention in industrial America since the Second World War. Almost 80 billion dollars were injected in an industry that in 2007 represented 1 million manufacturing jobs, and 3.7% of the American GDP. This work project intends to study the impact of such an occurrence in other economic Sectors of the American Economy, by looking at how the Share Price Returns of the major American firms react to the Auto Bailout Events. Some Sectors seem more tightly connected to the Auto Industry than others. The perception of the Bailout Events is also different according to the Sector and to the spectrum of time considered.
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Belsuz, Autran. "Tests de l'efficience faible à partir des ondelettes de Haar." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0061/document.

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Cette thèse proposée utilise les ondelettes de Haar à créer de nouveaux indicateurs techniques, d’en évaluer leurs performances afin de tester la validité de l’efficience faible des marchés financiers. L’approche choisie vise à mettre en œuvre les capacités des indicateurs techniques à capter la mémoire longue présente dans les indices boursiers américains et européens à travers l’estimation de la tendance par le processus de lissage. De plus, cette dernière est une composante importante dans les séries économiques et financières. En effet, elle a fait l’objet d’innombrables investigations tant en analyse technique, qu’en traitement du signal et dans la théorie des cycles économiques. Toutefois, sa présence n’entre pas en ligne de compte dans la théorie classique de la finance, car les principaux modèles utilisés se focalisent sur les variations des cours boursiers. À cet effet, la tendance constitue une source de non-stationnarité entraînant des difficultés majeures pour la modélisation économétrique ou financière. Exploiter cette tendance s’affranchit, dans ce cas, des hypothèses de non-stationnarité tendancielle ou de racine unitaire. En plus, à l’issue des résultats que nous avons obtenus à partir du modèle à changement de régime. Nous confirmons qu’il est possible d’exploiter la présence de mémoire longue dans les cours, et également de battre le marché en présence de coûts de transactions sur les marchés américains et européens<br>This proposed thesis uses the Haar wavelets to create new technical indicators, to evaluate their performance in order to test the validity of the weak form of efficient market hypothesis. The chosen approach aims to implement the capabilities of technical indicators to capture the long memory present in the US and European stock indices through the estimation of the trend by the smoothing process. Moreover, the trend is an important component in the economic and financial series. Indeed, it has been the subject of innumerable investigations in technical analysis, in signal processing and in the theory business cycle theory. However, its presence is not taken into account in the classic theory of finance because the main models used focus on changes in stock prices. For this purpose, the trend constitutes a source of non-stationarity leading to major difficulties for econometric or financial modeling. Exploit trend is freed, in this case, from the hypotheses of tendancy or unit root. In addition, the issue of the results we obtained from the regime change model. We confirm that it is possible to exploit the presence of long memory in the series, and also to beat the market in the presence of transaction costs on the American and European markets
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Hasbini, Mohamad Ali. "The Great Recession of 2007 and the Housing Market Crash: Why Did So Many Builders Fail?" Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7031.

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The “Great Recession” of 2007 created havoc in the homebuilding industry, more than any other previous economic down cycle. Countless seasoned local homebuilders across the country did not survive. The impact of their failure on the economy, community, employment, lenders, suppliers, and subcontractors was devastating. While previous studies have sought to identify the symptoms and causes of business failure, very little research has been done on home builder business failure due to acts, omissions, characteristics, or other events which are non-financial. Specifically, those that are attributable to the failed entities' top management and leadership during the housing crisis and the Great Recession. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative inquiry is to uncover those nonfinancial factors and help to fill the gap in the literature Additionally, we seek to find specific strategies that could be incorporated into the business models of local homebuilders which allow them to anticipate and navigate turbulent economic times. The ultimate goal of such strategies, however, is to shield the organizations of those builders from the negative effects of recessions and allow them to thrive in the aftermath.
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Books on the topic "Failed market"

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Åslund, Anders. Russia's capitalist revolution: Why market reform succeeded and democracy failed. Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2007.

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Åslund, Anders. Russia's capitalist revolution: Why market reform succeeded and democracy failed. Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2006.

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Booth, S. A. Why have market reforms failed in Russia?: The case of agriculture. University of Reading, Dept. of Economics, 1996.

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Larsen, Marianne Nylandsted. Re-regulating a failed market: The Tanzanian cotton sector, 1999-2002. Institut for Internationale Studier, 2003.

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The throw that failed: Britain's original application to join the Common Market. New European Publications, 1995.

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Jayati, Ghosh, ed. The market that failed: A decade of neoliberal economic reforms in India. Leftword, 2002.

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Hunter, William T. Financial market liberalization and the debt problem in Ecuador: An example of failed liberalization? Trent University. Dept. of Economics, 1989.

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Markou, E. EU public sector television in crisis: A failed broadcasting policy or a celebration of single market competition? University of Reading, Dept. of Economics, 1996.

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Keller, Jennifer. The macroeconomics of labor market outcomes in MENA over the 1990s: How growth has failed to keep pace with a burgeoning labor markat. The Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, 2002.

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Delano, Villanueva, ed. Early warning indicators, deposit insurance, and methods for resolving failed financial institutions: Selected papers of the SEACEN Workshop on a Regulator's Action Plan on Bank Failures, 9-11 March 1998, the SEACEN Centre. South East Asian Central Banks, Research and Training Centre, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Failed market"

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Bernards, Nick. "Market Failures and Failed Marketization." In Routledge International Handbook of Failure. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429355950-30.

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Rousseau, Jean-François. "A failed market experiment and ignored livelihoods." In Routledge Handbook of Asian Borderlands. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315688978-21.

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Farzana, Fawzia. "Neoliberalism and Housing Affordability Crisis in Dhaka Where Market-Enabling Efforts Failed." In Accessible Housing for South Asia. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88881-7_5.

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Murdoch, Callum, Lisa Keppler, Tillem Burlace, and Christine Wörlen. "Using a Realist Framework to Overcome Evaluation Challenges in the Uncertain Landscape of Carbon Finance." In Transformational Change for People and the Planet. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78853-7_9.

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AbstractIn 2013, the United Kingdom Department for International Development and the Department of Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy published a business case for the Carbon Market Finance Programme (CMFP). The core mandate: to build capacity and develop aids for least developed countries in sub-Saharan Africa to access finance via the carbon market. The chosen strategy involved signing emission reduction purchase agreements with private sector enterprises, using the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to verify generation of tradeable certified emissions reductions. The World Bank’s Carbon Initiative for Development (Ci-Dev) would implement the 12-year program. The team for the 2019 midterm evaluation found that program uncertainty—from sociopolitical challenges in pilot markets to global indecision on the future of Article 6 and carbon markets—would complicate assessing progress toward business case objectives. The collapse and failed recovery of the carbon market impacted underlying assumptions of the CMFP’s theory of change, and uncertainty about CDM’s future complicated evaluation of program sustainability. This chapter presents a practical approach to using realist evaluation to overcome the contextual uncertainties of the carbon market landscape, providing strengths and weaknesses of the approach applied and recommending a revised approach for future evaluations.
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Laurent, Brice, and Brieuc Petit. "A European Market for Green Certificates? The Failed Disentanglement of Immaterial Labels from the Materiality of Electricity." In Labelling the Economy. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1498-2_8.

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Audigier, Isabelle. "Insurance Distribution Directive and Cross-Border Activities by Insurance Intermediaries in the EU." In AIDA Europe Research Series on Insurance Law and Regulation. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52738-9_1.

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AbstractDespite the European passport granted to insurance intermediaries by the Insurance Mediation Directive (IMD) in 2002, the single market for insurance distribution remained very fragmented. In 2016, in order to promote the emergence of a genuine Single Market in insurance services, the Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD) introduced new rules on cross border insurance distribution and new division of competence between home and host Member State authorities. However, it failed to provide the necessary legal clarity on when an insurance intermediary is likely to be pursuing cross-border activities. This chapter will explore whether the IDD, together with the 2018 Decision of EIOPA’s board of Supervisors, have led or will lead to more market integration. This chapter also briefly analyses the possible impact of ‘Brexit’, that is, the leaving of the EU by the United Kingdom, on cross-border activities of insurance intermediaries.
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Nonaka, Akihisa. "Failed Market-Oriented Society and Working Co-ops’ Biodiesel-Based Food Systems After the Great East Japan Earthquake." In Cooperatives and Social Innovation. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8880-8_6.

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Eriksson, Klas A. M., and Rasmus Nykvist. "Public-Steering and Private-Performing Sectors: Success and Failures in the Swedish Finance, Telecoms, and City Planning Sectors." In International Studies in Entrepreneurship. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94273-1_16.

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AbstractMariana Mazzucato embraces state-directed public/private investment in innovation to achieve goals that society as a whole would benefit from. The idea is that the state should direct and the private sphere perform the innovation needed. We argue that this view is biased toward successful examples of innovation created by public sector steering and the private sector performing. Generally, vested interests are created by these kinds of public-steering–private-performing innovations, which hinder or malinvest resources through their interests or information problems when market forces are put out of play. We present examples that explore the process of two successful deregulation cases and one failed case to highlight differences in the processes leading to the different outcomes; the most important being the existence of institutional entrepreneurs acting as typical change agents in the successful cases and the lack thereof in the failed example. These cases highlight the importance of both passive incumbents and proactive entrants for enabling institutional change. We contrast these examples with the public-steering and private-performing framework.
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Larkin, Brittany, and Carlee Escue Simon. "How the Free-Market Approach to Charter Schools Has Failed the Minoritized Students Who Were Intended to Benefit the Most." In The Complex Web of Inequality in North American Schools. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315170152-8.

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Posner, Eric A. "Mergers." In How Antitrust Failed Workers. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197507629.003.0006.

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Recent research indicates that labor market power has contributed to wage inequality and economic stagnation. Although the antitrust laws prohibit firms from restricting competition in labor markets as in product markets, the government does little to address the labor market problem, and private litigation has been rare and mostly unsuccessful. This is a particular problem for mergers, which the government has never reviewed for labor market effects. One reason is that the analytic methods for evaluating labor market power in antitrust contexts are less sophisticated than the legal rules used to judge product market power. To remedy this asymmetry, the government can draw on insights from labor economics and use tools that have been developed for measuring labor market concentration.
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Conference papers on the topic "Failed market"

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Dahlberg, Tomi, Milla Huurros, and Antti Ainamo. "Lost Opportunity Why Has Dominant Design Failed to Emerge for the Mobile Payment Services Market in Finland?" In 2008 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2008.235.

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Mihm, Gerhard. "Development of a New Scale for Aircraft Weighing." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.12.

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In 2015 the existing scale for aircraft weighing failed calibration. The item was calibrated to the European standard for pressure calibration. This standard is more precise than the international standard. New items of same manufacturer passed calibration by the manufacturer and the international standard but also failed the European standard. Intensive market research showed that there is no scale on the market calibrated to the European standard with the precision needed. German Armed Forces was forced to look for a company with enough experience in the construction of pressure scales to construct the scale needed. The presentation will demonstrate the way of procurement of the scales, and also discuss solving problems that arose in getting the item into service.
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Ameri, Farhad, and Christian McArthur. "An Ontological Approach to Manufacturing Supplier Discovery in Virtual Markets." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28179.

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Manufacturing supply chains are increasingly becoming global, virtual and short-lived in order to improve their agility and dynamic adaptability to rapid changes in today’s volatile market. In this context, online marketplaces for manufacturing services have become attractive venues for rapid development of supply chain relationships. Despite their numerous benefits, the existing online markets have failed in adequately automating the supply chain deployment process. Heavy reliance of the existing online markets on human agents for formulating supplier queries and evaluating the obtained results can be mainly attributed to the informal nature of the information models used in these markets. To enable active involvement of machine agents in supply chain deployment, the underlying information models that support online markets should represent the semantics of information in a formal and machine-interpretable fashion. This paper introduces Manufacturing Service Description Language (MSDL) as a formal ontology for description of suppliers’ capability at different levels of abstraction including process-level, machine-level, and system level. Also, an agent-based framework is proposed in this paper that facilitates automated discovery and evaluation of potential manufacturing partners based on the MSDL description of the services they provide.
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Foster, John S., and Monteith G. Heaton. "The Customer-Foundry Relationship in MEMS Manufacturing." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32747.

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MEMS industry has seen mixed success over the last decade or so. Today, there are only a limited number of MEMS products available on the market, notably airbag accelerometers, desktop inkjet print heads and pressure sensors for automotive and biomedical applications. Despite major infusion of funds in other applications, such as optical telecommunications, RF, and biomedical/microfluidics, these efforts have failed to produce working MEMS in high volumes. The net result is that MEMS have not yet lived up to their anticipated promise.
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Longenecker, Richard E., and John D. Wood. "Development of a Next Generation Canister Sipping System." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48894.

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In order to meet the rising demand for fuel leak detection and Dry Cask Storage Services, Westinghouse Electric Company chose to re-design and market the industry-proven failed fuel detection technique of canister sipping. Based on a custom fast-plastic scintillator gamma detector, Westinghouse chose simply not to re-build its legacy system. Instead, the system was redesigned from the ground up, considering materials, limitation of overall size and weight, system control, ease of use, and decontamination. The result was a brand new design and unique improvements utilizing new, yet proven technologies. The following paper will illustrate the considerations that engineering undertook while in development of the new system. These include industry lessons learned and the fundamental improvements considered. New aspects of the design will be highlighted, including steps to be taken to improve ease of decontamination, a unique sliding lid, Nuclear Instrument Module (NIM-Bin) replacement electronics, and an up-ending system. Steps taken to decrease weight and overall footprint size will be illustrated. Lastly, improvements in control structure, and a highlight of WeSiP, Westinghouse’s new object-oriented Global Sipping Platform Software, used to log data and power the system will be examined. With these unique improvements, the new Westinghouse Canister Sipping System meets the industry’s demands for a reliable system to identify failed fuel.
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Akbar, M. ,. I. "The Journey to Establish Jack-Up Drilling Rig Contract in Indonesia during Upward Demand." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-bc-408.

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The Jack-up rig market is very dynamic as it is sensitive to oil prices and drilling activities. An effective strategy must be defined to achieve a successful tender process. A market survey shall be sourced from potential bidders and credible research institutions to provide competitive cost estimation and mapped available qualified rigs. Commercial structure is another factor that must be specified clearly. Numbers of wells or long term contracts will attract more rigs to enter Indonesian water that can be achieved by collaborating with other operators. It was quite challenging to establish a rig contract at first stage of tender to cover 1 (one) year duration with an unattractive owner estimation that ended up with a failed tender. By having collaboration with the host authority, other operators and potential bidders, the new strategy to have a long term contract by increasing the number of wells and contract duration to 3 (three) years can be finalized efficiently. The enhanced commercial structure consisted of rate classification as per the Indonesian Oil, Gas and Geothermal Drilling Contractors Association, modification cost, facility support service, reimbursable cost, etc. which have attracted more bidders. Finally, the jack-up rig contract can be established and agreed within the market price. The cost saving to cover future drilling projects has resulted in a total saving of USD 9.7 Million
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Bal, Harun, Shahanara Basher, and Abdulla Hil Mamun. "The Aftermath of Quantitative Easing in Advanced Economies: The Empirical Evidences." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02279.

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Quantitative easing (QE), as a measure of unconventional monetary policy (UMP), has been followed by many of the central banks of advanced economies to boost the economy by stimulating investment and consumption. The study identifies the most recent QE programs undertaken by central banks of four major advanced economies, namely, Federal Reserve (Fed), Bank of England (BOE), Bank of Japan (BOJ) and European Central Bank (ECB), and examines its impact on major macroeconomic indicators, namely output growth, inflation, exchange rate indices and stock market indices, employing vector autoregressive (VAR) models. Findings of the study suggest that QE was only favorable for real GDP growth of USA and the development of stock market of euro area. However, such an UMP failed to bring about changes in appropriate directions among the other economic indicators of these advanced economies. QE at an adequate scale to offset the recessionary forces could help achieve the expected results of the policy action. At the same time, policy makers should think over other supplementary measures that can support and expedite the impact of QE in favourable directions to achieve the desired goals of such UMP.
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Kao, Nicholas, Jeng Yuan Lai, Yu Po Wang, and C. S. Hsiao. "Experimental Study of Solder Joint Reliability for External Heat Sink Installation on FCBGA." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42743.

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As the increasing power consumption for electronic devices, thermal management on board level becomes a challenge to manufacturers who are integrating more functionality and components into a board in order to the high performance products in this competitive market. To drive such high level products requires more power consumption and consequently arises a thermal risk of system malfunction because of overheating to chips. A common implement for thermal solution is a heat sink installed on package via clip mechanism that maintained a compressive force to clamp the heat sink and board to fulfill this thermal dissipation demand. But this compressive force along with operation temperature will arise solder joint risk and potentially induce the function failed due to the clamped force may potentially arise solder ball creep after long operating time and damage the connection failed of solder ball and PCB. This paper describes the experimental setup and test results to evaluate the solder joints creep behavior in the presence of clamped force and operation temperature. An External Heat Spreader Flip Chip BGA (EHS-FCBGA) was tested for several weeks under 85°C with a compressive force. The different levels of uniform compressive forces were applied with 25kg and 50kg metal blocks on EHS-FCBGA to simulate the clamped force. All test vehicles were placed in an oven at 85°C for several weeks to accelerate thermal aging condition and measured solder ball collapsed shapes and do open-short test at the end of every two weeks.
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Koralewska, Ralf. "Conversion Technologies: The Challenges for the MARTIN Reverse-Acting Grate System." In 15th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec15-001.

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Thermal treatment of waste differs significantly from the combustion of regular fuels due to the fluctuating and unpredictable composition of the fuel. It is therefore necessary to develop processes with safe process engineering technology that guarantee the treatment of waste in accordance with ecological and economic constraints in addition to complying with international legal requirements. Various important factors have to be considered: not only the reduction of the volume and mass of waste and the destruction and separation of pollutants, but also the efficient energy production (electricity and district heating) and the guaranteed treatment of all waste. In order to comply with strict Japanese regulatory policies, particularly with regard to residue quality and overall output of organic substances, grate technology was modified by means of downstream melting processes that are intensive in terms of maintenance, energy and resulting costs. While vitrification of bottom ash and fly ash does improve quality and provide additional recycling possibilities, it has not proven sustainable. Conversion technologies using separated high-temperature processes make integrated production of granulated slag possible. Large market shares in Japan were gained as a result. However, practical experience in largescale plants has shown serious drawbacks with regard to availability, profitability and process safety. The use of alternative waste conversion technologies failed on the German market due to massive technical problems and considerable financial losses for all those involved.
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Bocutoğlu, Ersan. "Have Credit Rating Agencies Got a Role in Triggering 2007 Global Financial Crisis?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01238.

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The efforts for understanding the 2007 Global Financial Crisis requires more elaborated studies on the institutions, processes and other micro foundations of financial services industry instead of studies solely on mainstream business cycles theories that have obviously failed in understanding, explaining and predicting the crisis. This paper attempts to investigate whether or not credit rating agencies had played a triggering role in 2007 Global Financial Crisis. It is a study of parties, institutions and processes within financial services market. It is well documented that the credit rating agencies whose main function is to provide investors with information about the credit-worthiness of securities on which they plan to invest had hardly ever performed that function properly during the crisis. By changing their business models from ‘investor pays model’ to ‘issuer pays model’, they paved the way to conflict of interest and inevitably created chaos in financial services industry. Credit rating agencies doubtlessly are responsible for triggering the 2007 Global Financial Crisis. However it should be fair to emphasize also the responsibility of the US regulatory processes in emerging the conflict of interest in credit rating industry by giving some credit rating agencies an oligopoly power in the credit rating market and taking their credit ratings as the basic points of reference for regulatory purposes. It is obvious that the credit rating industry needs a reform.
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Reports on the topic "Failed market"

1

Robins, Simon. A Free-Market Response to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act: The Segregationist Background and Failed Experimentation of Education Vouchers in the 1970s. Portland State University Library, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.41.

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Bano, Masooda. Low-Fee Private-Tuition Providers in Developing Countries: An Under-Appreciated and Under- Studied Market—Supply-Side Dynamics in Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/107.

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Although low-income parents’ dependence on low-fee private schools has been actively documented in the past decade, existing research and policy discussions have failed to recognise their heavy reliance on low-fee tuition providers in order to ensure that their children complete the primary cycle. By mapping a vibrant supply of low-fee tuition providers in two neighbourhoods in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad in Pakistan, this paper argues for understanding the supply-side dynamics of this segment of the education market with the aim of designing better-informed policies, making better use of public spending on supporting private-sector players to reach the poor. Contrary to what is assumed in studies of the private tuition market, the low-fee tuition providers offering services in the Pakistani urban neighbourhoods are not teachers in government schools trying to make extra money by offering afternoon tutorial to children from their schools. Working from their homes, the tutors featured in this paper are mostly women who often have no formal teacher training but are imaginative in their use of a diverse set of teaching techniques to ensure that children from low-income households who cannot get support for education at home cope with their daily homework assignments and pass the annual exams to transition to the next grade. These tutors were motivated to offer tuition by a combination of factors ranging from the need to earn a living, a desire to stay productively engaged, and for some a commitment to help poor children. Arguing that parents expect them to take full responsibility for their children’s educational attainment, these providers view the poor quality of education in schools, the weak maternal involvement in children’s education, and changing cultural norms, whereby children no longer respect authority, as being key to explaining the prevailing low educational levels. The paper presents evidence that the private tuition providers, who may be viewed as education entrepreneurs, have the potential to be used by the state and development agencies to provide better quality education to children from low-income families.
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Doorley, Karina, and Mark Regan. The impact of Irish budgetary policy by disability status. ESRI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/bp202301.

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Existing research has shown that disability is costly and can result in an increased risk of living in poverty and a decrease in living standards. In this paper, we expand a framework of equality budgeting, previously applied from a gender perspective, to the population of households affected by disability. Using a microsimulation model linked to data from the EU Survey of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), we show how tax-benefit policy and other market income changes between 2007 and 2019 impacted households affected by disability and households not affected by disability. We find that disposable (or post-tax and transfer) income grew for both types of households but at a faster rate for households affected by disability than households not affected by disability. This income growth was driven by two counteracting forces. On the one hand, tax and welfare policy failed to keep pace with market income growth, reducing the living standards of households affected by disability by more than households not affected by disability. On the other hand, despite having lower average wage levels, wage growth for workers affected by disability outpaced wage growth for workers not affected by disability, while the labour supply of households affected by disability also increased. Future attempts to equality-proof budgetary policy should consider that changes to welfare disproportionally affect households with disabilities.
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Kelly, Bryan, Hanno Lustig, and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh. Too-Systemic-To-Fail: What Option Markets Imply About Sector-wide Government Guarantees. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17149.

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Arun, Peethambaran, Vineela Aleti, Neil S. Jensen, Veeraswamy Manne, Moonsuk Choi, and Nageswararao Chilukuri. Overexpression of Human Senescence Marker Protein 30 in Mice Fails to Offer Protection Against Challenge with Organophosphorus Compounds. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada555371.

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Dooley, Michael, and Menzie Chinn. Financial Repression and Capital Mobility: Why Capital Flows and Covered Interest Rate Differentials Fail to Measure Capital Market Integration. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5347.

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Seery, Emma. 50 years of Broken Promises: The $5.7 trillion debt owed to the poorest people. Oxfam, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6737.

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This year marks an historic chapter in the story of international aid. On 24 October 2020, it will be 50 years since high-income countries committed to spending 0.7% of their gross national income (GNI) on aid to low- and middle-income countries. This paper examines how aid has helped to improve the wellbeing of people in low- and middle-income countries. It discusses how donors’ broken promises on the 0.7% target have limited the potential of aid to reduce poverty and inequality. Oxfam has calculated that in the 50 years since the 0.7% promise was made, high-income countries have failed to deliver a total of $5.7 trillion in aid. Finally, this paper reflects on the future of aid.
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Shujaa, Asaad Suliman, and Qasem Almulihi. The efficacy and safety of ketamine in treating refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus in pediatric and adult populations, A systemic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0011.

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Review question / Objective: This study is to assess the efficacy and safety of ketamine in treating refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus in pediatric and adult populations. Rationale: Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is either generalized or complex partial status epilepticus (SE) that fails to respond to first and second-line therapies. Super refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is SE that remains unresponsive despite 24 hours of therapy with general anesthesia [1, 2]. Both RSE and SRSE pose significant challenges for the managing intensivist. There exists a race against time for control of epileptic activity in the RSE/SRSE patient to preserve cortical function and reduce morbidity/mortality. However, despite the best intentions, and not uncommonly, standard frontline antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) fail to control or reduce seizure activity once seizures approach the 30-minute mark. The following review provides an analysis of ketamine in treating RSE/SRSE, focusing on the potential target population, dosing, concerns, and the role of early administration.
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Rubin, Alex, Alan Omar Loera Martinez, Jake Dow, and Anna Puglisi. The Huawei Moment. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200079.

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For the first time, a Chinese company—Huawei—is set to lead the global transition from one key national security infrastructure technology to the next. How did Washington, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, fail to protect U.S. firms in this strategic technology and allow a geopolitical competitor to take a leadership position in a national security relevant critical infrastructure such as telecommunications? This policy brief highlights the characteristics of 5G development that China leveraged, exploited, and supported to take the lead in this key technology. The Huawei case study is in some ways the canary in the coal mine for emerging technologies and an illustration of what can happen to U.S. competitiveness when China’s companies do not have to base decisions on market forces.
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Sturzenegger, Germán, Cecilia Vidal, and Sebastián Martínez. The Last Mile Challenge of Sewage Services in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by Anastasiya Yarygina. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002878.

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Access to piped sewage in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) cities has been on the rise in recent decades. Yet achieving high rates of end-user connection between dwellings and sewage pipelines remains a challenge for water and sanitation utilities. Governments throughout the region are investing millions in increasing access to sewage services but are failing in the last mile. When households do not connect to the sewage system, the full health and social benefits of sanitation investments fail to accrue, and utilities can face lost revenue and higher operating costs. Barriers to connect are diverse, including low willingness to pay for connection costs and/or the associated tariffs, liquidity and credit constrains to cover the cost of upgrades or repairs, information gaps on the benefits of connecting, behavioral obstacles, and collective action failures. In contexts of weak regulation and strong social pressure, utilities typically lack the ability to enforce connection through fines and legal action. This paper explores the scope of the connectivity problem, identifies potential connection barriers, and discusses policy solutions. A research agenda is proposed in support of evidence-based interventions that have the potential to achieve higher effective sanitation coverage more rapidly and cost-effectively in LAC. This research agenda must focus on: i) quantifying the scope of the problem; ii) understanding the barriers that trigger it; and iii) identifying the most cost-effective policy and market-based solutions.
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