Academic literature on the topic 'Failed predation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Failed predation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Failed predation"
1
Shepherd, Bart, Hudson T. Pinheiro, and Luiz A. Rocha. "Sometimes hard to swallow: Attempted feeding on a porcupinefish results in death of both predator and prey." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 18, no. 2 (2019): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v18i2.9.
Full textAbstract:
Predator-prey relationships are critical components of population dynamics across all ecosystems. Interactions between predators and dangerous prey are especially likely to result in a co-evolutionary arms race. To avoid predation, porcupinefishes (Diodontidae) present a suite of physical and chemical defences, including spines, inflation, and the potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin, which is concentrated in the internal organs. A failed predation attempt is described here on a longspined porcupinefish, Diodon holocanthus, by a benthopelagic predator, Carangoides fulvoguttatus, resulting in the death of both the predator and the prey.
2
Schenk, Amber R., Thomas K. Stevens, and Amanda M. Hale. "Predator-Prey Dynamics Are Decoupled in the Raptor Community in a Large Urban Forest." Diversity 14, no. 3 (2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14030177.
Full textAbstract:
Predator-prey dynamics are fundamental in shaping and regulating wildlife communities; however, these relationships are often altered by urbanization. An urban predation paradox, where predation rates are lower in urban areas despite an increase in predator abundance, has been observed in some predator communities. We looked for evidence of an urban predation paradox in a raptor community in a large urban forest fragment in north Texas, USA. From May–August 2019, we conducted weekly raptor surveys and deployed prey mimics along an urban-to-rural gradient within the forest fragment. We examined relationships between predation rates on mimics, predator abundance, and urbanization intensity using a variety of statistical tests. We detected 161 raptors representing eight species and found that raptor activity was significantly higher in our low urbanization sites. Of the 732 prey mimics deployed, 61 were attacked, and we found no relationship between predation rates and urbanization. Furthermore, we found no relationship between raptor activity and depredation events. Although we failed to find evidence for an urban predation paradox, our results showed a decoupling of the relationship between the abundance of predators and prey in this urban setting. The use of prey mimics is a useful tool for assessing predator-prey dynamics, and more research is necessary to fully understand the impacts of urbanization on this important ecological process.
3
Essington, Timothy E., and Sture Hansson. "Predator-dependent functional responses and interaction strengths in a natural food web." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 11 (2004): 2215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-146.
Full textAbstract:
Predator-dependent functional responses decouple predation mortality from fluctuations in predator abundance and therefore can prevent strong "top-down" interaction strengths in food webs. We evaluated whether contrasts in the functional response of Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua) were consistent with the contrasting population dynamics of two prey species, herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus): sprat abundance increased nearly threefold following a sharp decline in the cod population (a strong interaction), whereas herring abundance failed to increase (a weak interaction). We found striking differences in the functional response of cod on alternative prey, and these were consistent with the observed patterns in interaction strengths. Cod predation was the dominant source of mortality for age-1 and age-2 sprat but was only important for age-1 herring. Moreover, the magnitude of predation mortality on age-1 and age-2 sprat was highly sensitive to cod biomass, whereas predation mortality on herring was only moderately sensitive to cod biomass. These analyses suggest the possibility that food webs are comprised of linkages that vary with respect to the magnitude and importance of predation mortality and how this mortality varies with changes in predator abundance.
4
Tapkir, Sandip D., Sanjay S. Kharat, Pradeep Kumkar, and Sachin M. Gosavi. "Effects of the invasive Tilapia on the Common Spiny Loach (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae: Lepidocephalichthys thermalis) - implications for conservation." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 9 (2017): 10642. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2220.9.9.10642-10648.
Full textAbstract:
The introduction of invasive species leading to decline of freshwater fauna is a major concern for conservation biologists. In this study we examined the effect of introduced Tilapia on the survival of the loach Lepidocephalichthys thermalis via predation experiments with Tilapia and a native predator, the Snakehead fish Channa gachua. Examining the chemoecology of prey-predator interactions, we found that L. thermalis failed to detect water-borne cues from Tilapia but did recognize cues from C. gachua, indicating innate predator recognition. We also observed that L. thermalis can learn to associate kairomones with Tilapia when conditioned with kairomones and injured conspecific cues. Trained L. thermalis showed higher survival during Tilapia predation trials. Thus under experimental conditions the vulnerability of L. thermalis to Tilapia predation due to failure to detect chemical cues can be reduced via associative training. It remains to be determined how useful this behavioral plasticity can be in wild L. thermalis populations exposed to introduced Tilapia.
5
Midway, Stephen R., Caleb T. Hasler, Tyler Wagner, and Cory D. Suski. "Predation of freshwater fish in environments with elevated carbon dioxide." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 9 (2017): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16156.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) in fresh-water environments is poorly understood, yet in marine environments CO2 can affect fish behaviour, including predator–prey relationships. To examine changes in predator success in elevated CO2, we experimented with predatory Micropterus salmoides and Pimephales promelas prey. We used a two-factor fully crossed experimental design; one factor was 4-day (acclimation) CO2 concentration and the second factor CO2 concentration during 20-min predation experiments. Both factors had three treatment levels, including ambient partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2; 0–1000 μatm), low pCO2 (4000–5000 μatm) and high pCO2 (8000–10000 μatm). Micropterus salmoides was exposed to both factors, whereas P. promelas was not exposed to the acclimation factor. In total, 83 of the 96P. promelas were consumed (n=96 trials) and we saw no discernible effect of CO2 on predator success or time to predation. Failed strikes and time between failed strikes were too infrequent to model. Compared with marine systems, our findings are unique in that we not only saw no changes in prey capture success with increasing CO2, but we also used CO2 treatments that were substantially higher than those in past experiments. Our work demonstrated a pronounced resiliency of freshwater predators to elevated CO2 exposure, and a starting point for future work in this area.
6
Dennis, S. R., Mauricio J. Carter, W. T. Hentley, and A. P. Beckerman. "Phenotypic convergence along a gradient of predation risk." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1712 (2010): 1687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1989.
Full textAbstract:
A long-standing question in ecology is whether phenotypic plasticity, rather than selection per se , is responsible for phenotypic variation among populations. Plasticity can increase or decrease variation, but most previous studies have been limited to single populations, single traits and a small number of environments assessed using univariate reaction norms. Here, examining two genetically distinct populations of Daphnia pulex with different predation histories, we quantified predator-induced plasticity among 11 traits along a fine-scale gradient of predation risk by a predator ( Chaoborus ) common to both populations. We test the hypothesis that plasticity can be responsible for convergence in phenotypes among different populations by experimentally characterizing multivariate reaction norms with phenotypic trajectory analysis (PTA). Univariate analyses showed that all genotypes increased age and size at maturity, and invested in defensive spikes (neckteeth), but failed to quantitatively describe whole-organism response. In contrast, PTA quantified and qualified the phenotypic strategy the organism mobilized against the selection pressure. We demonstrate, at the whole-organism level, that the two populations occupy different areas of phenotypic space in the absence of predation but converge in phenotypic space as predation threat increases.
7
McCormick, MI, and BA Kerrigan. "Predation and its influence on the condition of a newly settled tropical demersal fish." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 3 (1996): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960557.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of predation by a common tropical piscivore on levels of variability in size and body composition of a demersal fish at settlement were examined in a series of laboratory experiments. Wild-caught, newly metamorphosed goatfish (Upeneus tragula) were placed in large tanks and subjected to predation by lizardfish (Synodus variegatus). Three trials failed to show an influence of predation on the size distribution of the newly settled prey. In a second experiment, mid-larval-phase goatfish were subjected to one of two feeding regimes; this resulted in two groups of metamorphs that differed markedly in biochemical composition (i.e. total lipid levels). Twenty fish from each treatment were randomly chosen, under the constraint of a similar mean size, and subjected to predation. Susceptibility of newly metamorphosed fish to predation by the lizardfish was independent of their initial biochemical composition. These results suggest that predation by this common tropical reef fish predator may be non-selective with respect to both size and body composition of U. tragula. Consequently, the high variability found in these body attributes at settlement may extend its influence into the juvenile population.
8
Skovsted, Christian B., Glenn A. Brock, Anna Lindström, John S. Peel, John R. Paterson, and Margaret K. Fuller. "Early Cambrian record of failed durophagy and shell repair in an epibenthic mollusc." Biology Letters 3, no. 3 (2007): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Predation is arguably one of the main driving forces of early metazoan evolution, yet the fossil record of predation during the Ediacaran–Early Cambrian transition is relatively poor. Here, we present direct evidence of failed durophagous (shell-breaking) predation and subsequent shell repair in the Early Cambrian (Botoman) epibenthic mollusc Marocella from the Mernmerna Formation and Oraparinna Shale in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. This record pushes back the first appearance of durophagy on molluscs by approximately 40 Myr.
9
Neuenhoff, Rachel D., Douglas P. Swain, Sean P. Cox, et al. "Continued decline of a collapsed population of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) due to predation-driven Allee effects." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 1 (2019): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0190.
Full textAbstract:
Most stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Northwest Atlantic collapsed in the early 1990s, with little sign of recovery since then. In the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (sGSL), the failed recovery is due to severe increases in the natural mortality of adult Atlantic cod. We examined the role of predation by grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in this failed recovery by directly incorporating grey seal predation in the population model for Atlantic cod via a functional response. Estimated predation mortality of adult Atlantic cod increased sharply during the cod collapse and has continued to increase, comprising the majority of mortality since the late 1990s. While predation by grey seals appeared to play a minor role in the collapse of Atlantic cod, we found it to be the main factor preventing recovery. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that failed recovery is due to predation-driven Allee effects, a demographic effect due to the decline in cod abundance and an emergent effect resulting from increasing grey seal abundance. Under current conditions, extirpation of sGSL Atlantic cod appears likely unless there is a large decline in the abundance of grey seals.
10
Schillé, Laura, Nattan Plat, Luc Barbaro, et al. "Camera traps unable to determine whether plasticine models of caterpillars reliably measure bird predation." PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (2025): e0308431. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308431.
Full textAbstract:
Sampling methods that are both scientifically rigorous and ethical are cornerstones of any experimental biological research. Since its introduction 30 years ago, the method of using plasticine prey to quantify predation pressure has become increasingly popular in biology. However, recent studies have questioned the accuracy of the method, suggesting that misinterpretation of predator bite marks and the artificiality of the models may bias the results. Yet, bias per se might not be a methodological issue as soon as its statistical distribution in the samples is even, quantifiable, and thus correctable in quantitative analyses. In this study, we focus on avian predation of lepidopteran larvae models, which is one of the most extensively studied predator-prey interactions across diverse ecosystems worldwide. We compared bird predation on plasticine caterpillar models to that on dead caterpillars of similar size and color, using camera traps to assess actual predation events and to evaluate observer accuracy in identifying predation marks a posteriori. The question of whether plasticine models reliably measure insectivorous bird predation remained unanswered, for two reasons: (1) even the evaluation of experienced observers in the posterior assessment of predation marks on plasticine models was subjective to some extent, and (2) camera traps failed to reflect predation rates as assessed by observers, partly because they could only record evidence of bird presence rather than actual predation events. Camera traps detected more evidence of bird presence than predation clues on plasticine models, suggesting that fake prey may underestimate the foraging activity of avian insectivores. The evaluation of avian predation on real caterpillar corpses was probably also compromised by losses to other predators, likely ants. Given the uncertainties and limitations revealed by this study, and in the current absence of more effective monitoring methods, it remains simpler, more cost-effective, ethical, and reliable to keep using plasticine models to assess avian predation. However, it is important to continue developing improved monitoring technologies to better evaluate and refine these methods in order to advance research in this field.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Failed predation"
1
Degila, Delidji Eric. "Conflictualité régionale en Afrique subsaharienne post-bipolaire. Le cas de l'Afrique de l'Ouest de 1989 à 2010." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30060.
Full textAbstract:
Alors que la fin de la bipolarité s’est accompagnée du déclin de la guerre au niveau mondial, l’Afrique subsaharienne connaît depuis le début des années 1990, une résurgence de la violence armée dont la forme la plus courante est la guerre civile. L’Afrique Occidentale est l’une des régions les plus touchées par cette multiplication de conflits armés infraétatiques dont les trois plus importants ont été les guerres civiles libérienne, sierra-léonaise et ivoirienne. Cette conflictualité a donné lieu à l’émergence d’acteurs non étatiques qui, dans un contexte de mondialisation accrue, ont adopté le warlordism comme mode opératoire. Ces guerres internes, parfois qualifiées de « nouvelles guerres », sont à la fois le produit de la crise de l’Etat, de profondes inégalités horizontales, et de l’instrumentalisation des différences identitaires par certaines élites. Elles se sont développées au-delà du cadre national, avec l’implication de différents acteurs transnationaux, et ont favorisé l’émergence d’un véritable « système de guerre » ouest-africain. Elles sont également l’expression d’une remise en cause du modèle étatique westphalien. La conflictualité régionale qui est apparue en Afrique Occidentale post-Guerre froide invite donc à accorder davantage d’attention aux communautés de destin imbriquées qui de plus en plus, occupent une place centrale dans les dynamiques qui façonnent l’Afrique au sud du Sahara<br>Whereas the end of bipolarity occurred along with the decline of war at the world level, Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced a surge of armed violence since the early 1990s, in the most common form of civil wars. West Africa is one of the areas mostly affected by the proliferation of intra-state armed conflicts, including three major civil wars in Liberia, Sierra Leone and the Ivory Coast. Such conflicts, sometimes called « new wars », have led to the emergence of non-state actors who act as warlords, in a context of spreading globalisation. These domestic wars are the result of state crisis, deep horizontal inequalities, and political instrumentalisation by some elites of identity-based differences. Through the involvement of various transnational actors, these armed conflicts have extended beyond the national framework and built an actual West-African « system of war ». They also challenge the Westphalian state-model. Post-Cold war regional conflicts in West Africa hence suggest an increased focus on overlapping communities of fate, which play a key-role in the dynamics shaping Sub-Saharan Africa
2
Richard, Quentin. "Comportement asymptotique de modèles de populations structurées." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD050/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans cette thèse nous regardons plusieurs modèles de populations structurés s’écrivant à l’aide d’équations de transport. Le caractère bien posé ainsi que la positivité des solutions sont montrés de manière systématique au sens des sémiologues dans un cadre L1. Un premier travail est consacré à un système de type proie prédateur structuré en âge. Une étude de stabilité des équilibres nous permet de formuler explicitement un seuil un seuil d’extinction ainsi qu’in seuil pouvant amener à l’explosion des populations. On obtient numériquement la possibilité d’un cycle limite ainsi que la convergence vers un équilibre de coexistence des populations. Dans un cas particulier, ce modèle se réécrit comme un système différentiel à retard. A l’aide de fonctionnelle de Lyapunov, on montre la stabilité globale de cet équilibre sous certaines conditions. On étudie également 2 modèles structuré en taille, issus de la dynamique cellulaire. L’un est composé de deux équations de transport où la cellule peut être soit prolifèrent soit quiescente ; et le deuxième est une équation de type transport/ diffusion avec des conditions aux bords FELLER. On vérifie à chaque fois l’irréductibilité du semi groupe puis des arguments de faibles capacité L1 nous donne l’existence d’un « gap spectral » sous certaines conditions. On démontre ainsi dans certains cas la croissance exponentielle asynchrone du semi groupe<br>This thesis is dedicated to some structured populations models described with transport or transport-diffusion equations. The well-posedness, in the semigroupes setting in L1 and the positivity of the solutions are systematically shown. A first work is dedicated to an age-structured predator/prey system. A stability study of the equilibria allow us to give explicit formulations of an extinction threshold and an threshold which can lead to explosion of solutions. We numerically obtain the possibility to get a limit cycle and the convergence to a coexistence equilibrium of the populations. In a specific case, this model rewrites as a delay differential system. Using Lyapunov functional, we show the global stability of this equilibrium under some assumptions. We also study two size-structured models that come from cellular dynamics. The first one consists on two transport equations, where the cell can either proliferate or be quiescent, and the second one is a transport-diffusion equation with Feller boundary conditions. The irreducibility of the semigroup governing this latter model is always satisfied using the Hopf maximum principle. However, the irreducibility for the first model is true only under a necessary and sufficient condition that we give. We also show for these two models, using some weak compactness arguments in L1, the existence of a `spectral gap' (essential type strictly less than the type) ensuring the asynchronous exponential growth of the semigroup
Books on the topic "Failed predation"
1
Sherratt, Thomas N., and Changku Kang. Anti-predator behavior. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
Insects have evolved a wide range of behavioral traits to avoid predation. Frequently, these behaviors are deployed to augment the effectiveness of a primary defence such as crypsis or mimicry, but they are also sometimes elicited as a secondary defence when a primary defence fails. Anti-predator behaviors in insects include adaptations to avoid being detected by predators, adaptations rendering the insect unattractive to consume, warning behaviors, and behaviors to enhance the effectiveness of mimicry. This chapter reviews many of these behavioral anti-predator adaptations, emphasizing when they are elicited and highlighting their adaptive significance. We argue that some of the inter-specific variation in behavioral defences can be explained in terms of defensive portfolios: if a physical defence is sufficient, then behaviour to augment or back-up this defence is unnecessary. As the use of comparative methods increases, researchers will be better placed to understand variation in the suites of defences that evolve.
Book chapters on the topic "Failed predation"
1
Fazal, Tanisha M. "Why Are Failed States’ Borders Stable against External Predation?" In Law and Disciplinarity. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137318107_5.
Full text
2
Kasfir, Nelson. "Two. Domestic Anarchy, Security Dilemmas, and Violent Predation: Causes of Failure." In When States Fail, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Princeton University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400835799-004.
Full text
3
Boutin, Stan, and Charles J. Krebs. "Understanding the Snowshoe Hare Cycle through Large-scale Field Experiments." In Population Cycles. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140989.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
The 10-year cycles of the snowshoe hare and lynx seen in Hudson’s Bay fur returns represent a classic example of cyclic population dynamics. Hare cycles have been the subject of time series analysis (Stenseth et al. 1998), population modeling (Royama 1992), and field experimentation (Keith and Windberg 1978, Krebs et al. 1986, Murray et al. 1997). However, only two studies have monitored hare populations in detail over at least one full cycle. The first of these was conducted in central Alberta, Canada, by Lloyd Keith and coworkers, and provided a detailed description of the demographic machinery driving changes in hare numbers (Keith et al. 1977, Gary and Keith 1979, Keith et al. 1984). From this came the “Keith hypothesis” that hare cycles are driven by a sequential two-stage trophic interaction with hare declines initiated by winter food shortages and exacerbated by predator numerical responses that lag hare numbers by 1-2 years (Keith 1983, 1990). Predators force hares to low numbers and recovery does not occur until predator densities reach their lowest levels. The second long-term study of hare dynamics took place at Kluane Lake in the southwestern Yukon, Canada. The Kluane project began as an attempt to test the Keith hypothesis through single-factor manipulations of food supply and predation (Krebs et al. 1986, Sinclair et al. 1988, Smith et al. 1988). The first attempt failed to manipulate predators effectively, and plots containing food supplements were quickly overwhelmed by predators moving into the area. Consequently, the experiments failed to alter hare dynamics. Building on this experience, the second phase expanded the scale of experimental manipulations and developed an effective means of excluding predators from selected areas. The study also added an interaction treatment in which predators were excluded and food supplemented. These experiments were designed to test the roles of food supply, predation, and their potential interaction in the dynamics of snowshoe hares (Krebs et al. 1995). In this chapter we provide a synopsis of the key results obtained from these experiments and discuss how the results alter the current understanding of snowshoe hare dynamics.
4
"Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass." In Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass, edited by Leandro E. Miranda and Scott W. Raborn. American Fisheries Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874363.ch29.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em>.—Competitive interactions among reservoir fishes may be pronounced because fish assemblages in these artificial environments have had little time to develop niche-partitioning strategies that alleviate negative interspecific interactions. Such interactions may at times have been intensified by introductions of predators such as striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis</em>, introduced to create additional fisheries and control pelagic clupeids. Possible interactions between existing fish assemblages and striped bass include predation and competition. While there is a perception among angler groups that predation by striped bass on coexisting game fish is significant, most studies have reported little or no predation on game fish by striped bass and have considered predation rare and inconsequential. Moreover, predation that occurs will likely be compensatory and fail to reduce overall game fish survival. Any indirect effect of striped bass predation by restricting prey-sized game fish to limited refuge sites remains unknown. Exploitative competition may be more common. Although infrequently, introduced striped bass have depleted prey resources shared with other piscivores, particularly when stocking rates have been high, when there is a high rate of natural reproduction, or when prey supply has plunged in response to environmental fluxes. Fluctuation in prey supply, associated with ordinary environmental variability, and associated time lags in prey supply and predator demand, preclude adjusting predator densities to exactly balance demand with supply. The frequency of low supply–demand ratios varies across systems and exhibits seasonal trends. Nevertheless, chronic supply–demand imbalances are manageable where the predator assemblage is at least partially controlled through stocking, harvest regulations, or both. Because of the poor state of knowledge concerning the parameters defining balance and because uncontrollable annual fluctuations preclude exact management of alternating prey levels, we suggest adjusting stocking to manage demand so that it equals the median historical prey supply. Simulating the removal of striped bass and predicting the aftermath may be the most cost-effective way to provide decision support for stakeholders involved in determining if a striped bass stocking program is beneficial to most users.
5
KASFIR, NELSON. "Domestic Anarchy, Security Dilemmas, and Violent Predation:." In When States Fail. Princeton University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt7scrg.6.
Full text
6
Qian, Yingyi. "Insecure Property Rights and Government Ownership of Firms." In How Reform Worked in China. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262534246.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
We develop a theory of the ownership of firms in an environment without secure property rights against state encroachment. "Private ownership" leads to excessive revenue hiding and "state ownership" (i.e., national government ownership) fails to provide incentives for managers and local governments in a credible way. Because "local government ownership" integrates local government activities and business activities, local government may better serve the interests of the national government, and thus local government ownership may credibly limit state predation, increase local public goods provision, and reduce costly revenue hiding. We use our theory to interpret the relative success of local government-owned firms during China’s transition to a market economy.
7
Joyce, Christopher J. "The Athenian Reconciliation as the Paradigm for the Greek World in the Classical and Hellenistic Ages." In Amnesty and Reconciliation in Late Fifth-Century Athens. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399506342.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
The Athenian Reconciliation embodied the moral principle of political forgiveness, a notion conveyed in the clause me mnesikakein which forbade litigation for untried offences predating the Amnesty. This same principle is in evidence in other parts of the Greek world. Close analysis of inscribed materials indicates that though other cities in Greece may have adopted different approaches to amnesty, the fundamental idea that a divided city should reconcile by letting bygones be bygones is in evidence throughout. To be sure, not all cities or communities lived up to the Athenian paradigm: those that failed did so because they did not pursue legal methods of reconciliation, or else prioritised the interests of one faction over another. The most successful examples were those that pursued peaceful reconciliation methods that applied a rule-of-law standard.
8
Orme, Nigel. "Animation." In life Itself. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195108743.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Scene One: The great, hulking predator brooded silently in the dim light, waiting for some signal that prey had blundered into its vicinity. The beast had roamed far in recent days but its hunts had failed. It had been many days since the creature fed. Now it seemed unable to decide where to go next. Such an amorphous blob of an organism—it has no discernable brain—could not be “thinking” what to do, but it definitely looked indecisive. First it would push a flattish, gelatinous tongue out from its central mass, as if to test the possibility of heading in one direction. But then the protrusion would shrink back, disappearing like a wrinkle on a pulled bed sheet, and another lobe of jelly would extrude itself in a different direction. But it, too, would fall back.
9
Filip Zdenek and Demnerova Katerina. "Behavior of Some Pathogenic and Genetically Modified Bacteria in Groundwater Samples." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - E: Human and Societal Dynamics. IOS Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-086-5-134.
Full textAbstract:
Different pathogenic bacteria appeared capable of survival in groundwater longer than 100 days, and perhaps, they can be transported for distances from the site of contamination. Their elimination by a predator such as Bdellovibrio sp., seems to fail under an ambient temperature of about 10 &deg;C. Also in model groundwater microcosms, bacteria bearing either natural or recombinant plasmids appeared detectable for up to 150 days, and the expression of plasmids remained stable. The survival of all bacteria under testing, however, was evidently handicapped in non-autoclaved groundwater samples, i.e., those containing natural microbial population.
10
Churchill, Robert Paul. "Drone Warfare." In Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch020.
Full textAbstract:
The United States is now relying on Reaper and Predator drone strikes as its primary strategy in the continuing War on Terrorism. This paper argues for the rational scrutiny drone warfare has yet to receive. It is argued that drone warfare is immoral as it fails both the jus in bello and the jus ad bellum conditions of Just War theory. Drone warfare cannot be accepted on utilitarian grounds either, as it is very probable that terrorists will acquire drones capable of lethal strikes and deploy them against defenseless civilians. Moreover, by examining the psychological bases for reliance on drone warfare, as well as the message the United States is sending adversaries, we need to be concerned that, rather than reduce the likelihood of terrorists strikes, the U.S. reliance on drones strikes threatens to institutionalize terrorism as the status quo for the foreseeable future.
Conference papers on the topic "Failed predation"
1
Layton, Astrid, Bert Bras, and Marc Weissburg. "Designing Sustainable Manufacturing Networks: The Role of Exclusive Species in Achieving Ecosystem-Type Cycling." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68334.
Full textAbstract:
Ecology is proving to be an innovative source for design principles. Studies have examined how ecological principles can enhance sustainability in industrial networks. Ecologically-inspired manufacturing networks tend to focus on supporting symbiotic relationship formation, creating a cyclical flow structure that has been shown to result in efficiency and resource consumption improvements. Despite successes, bio-inspired manufacturing networks still fail to accurately mimic ecosystem cycling. The roles of exclusive actors and specialized predators in achieving the high cycling characteristic of ecosystems is investigated here. Exclusive actors participate in the network as either only a consumer (predator) or only a producer (prey). Specialized predators consume only one producer inside the system boundary. The populations of these special actors in manufacturing networks versus ecological food webs speaks to the potential influence these roles have on the cycling the network achieves. The trends shown here suggest less exclusivity is necessary for achieving ecologically-strong network cycling.