Academic literature on the topic 'Failed rifts'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Failed rifts.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Failed rifts"
1
Anfiloff, V. "The effect of vertical crustal fractures on the rifting process." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989175.
Full textAbstract:
In the past, rifts have mainly been identified in terms of sediment troughs. They account for many of the elongate gravity lows distributed in a coherent rectilinear manner over the continent. Other gravity lows can be attributed to granites intruding rift compartments, and some gravity highs can be attributed to basic volcanics in compartments. The total number of rifts which can be thus inferred from gravity and magnetics is very large, and suggests rifting is pervasive over the whole continent and controlled by a systematically distributed "Cardinal" system of ancient vertical crustal fractures.The extensional concept of rifting is based on a finite number of rifts, all of which have "failed" to split the continent. When a far greater number of rifts is recognised, it becomes difficult to accept that all these rifts have "failed" to reach full opening by extensional processes. In view of the known horizontal compressive forces acting in the crust, it is more probable that rifting is caused by compression. The compartmentalization of rifts, clearly observed in gravity data, also implies compression.Closely spaced rectilinear dyke systems in shield areas may also represent the pervasive "Cardinal" fracture system. In general, this system of orthogonal fractures poses problems for the detatchment rifting concept which assumes that transfer faults are formed at the time a rift forms, whereas they in all probability predate the rift, and owe their existence to a fundamental process operating when continental crust first formed.Two types of compressive rift models are discussed. One is associated with shear couples between widely spaced parallel fractures. The other is based on the concept of a crust cut by closely spaced fractures in which compression is propagated along a network of linked blocks. In both cases the development of basement ridges is a key issue.
2
KNOTT, STEVEN D. "Gravity-driven crustal shortening in failed rifts." Journal of the Geological Society 158, no. 2 (2001): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs.158.2.193.
Full text
3
Crowder, E., N. Rawlinson, D. G. Cornwell, C. Sammarco, E. Galetti, and A. Curtis. "New insights into North Sea deep crustal structure and extension from transdimensional ambient noise tomography." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 2 (2020): 1197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa475.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY The deep crustal structure beneath the North Sea is poorly understood since it is constrained by only a few seismic reflection and refraction profiles. However, it is widely acknowledged that the mid to lower crust plays important roles in rift initiation and evolution, particularly when large-scale sutures and/or terrane boundaries are present, since these inherited features can focus strain or act as inhibitors to extensional deformation. Ancient tectonic features are known to exist beneath the iconic failed rift system of the North Sea, making it an ideal location to investigate the complex interplay between pre-existing regional heterogeneity and rifting. To this end, we produce a 3-D shear wave velocity model from transdimensional ambient seismic noise tomography to constrain crustal properties to ∼30 km depth beneath the North Sea and its surrounding landmasses. Major North Sea sedimentary basins appear as low shear wave velocity zones that are a good match to published sediment thickness maps. We constrain relatively thin crust (13–18 km) beneath the Central Graben depocentres that contrasts with crust elsewhere at least 25–30 km thick. Significant variations in crustal structure and rift symmetry are identified along the failed rift system that appears to be related to the locations of Laurentia–Avalonia–Baltica palaeoplate boundaries. We constrain first-order differences in structure between palaeoplates; with strong lateral gradients in crustal velocity related to Laurentia–Avalonia–Baltica plate juxtaposition and reduced lower crustal velocities in the vicinity of the Thor suture, possibly representing the remnants of a Caledonian accretionary complex. Our results provide fresh insight into the pivotal roles that ancient terranes can play in the formation and failure of continental rifts and may help explain the characteristics of other similar continental rifts globally.
4
Stein, Seth, Carol A. Stein, Reece Elling, et al. "Insights from North America's failed Midcontinent Rift into the evolution of continental rifts and passive continental margins." Tectonophysics 744 (October 2018): 403–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.07.021.
Full text
5
Peace, Alexander L., and J. Kim Welford. "Conjugate margins — An oversimplification of the complex southern North Atlantic rift and spreading system?" Interpretation 8, no. 2 (2020): SH33—SH49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2019-0087.1.
Full textAbstract:
The prevalence of conjugate margin terminology and studies in the scientific literature is testimony to the contribution that this concept and approach has made to the study of passive margins, and more broadly extensional tectonics. However, when applied to the complex rift, transform, and spreading system of the southern North Atlantic (i.e., the passive margins of Newfoundland, Labrador, Ireland, Iberia, and southern Greenland), it becomes obvious that at these passive continental margin settings, additional geologic phenomena complicate this convenient description. These aspects include (1) the preservation of relatively undeformed continental fragments, (2) formation of transform systems and oblique rifts, (3) triple junctions (with rift and spreading axes), (4) multiple failed rift axes, (5) postbreakup processes such as magmatism, (6) localized subduction, and (7) ambiguity in identification of oceanic isochrons. Comparison of two different published reconstructions of the region indicates the ambiguity in conducting conjugate margin studies. This demonstrates the need for a more pragmatic approach to the study of continental passive margin settings where a greater emphasis is placed on the inclusion of these possibly complicating features in palinspastic reconstructions, plate tectonics, and evolutionary models.
6
Peirce, John W., and Lev Lipkov. "Structural interpretation of the Rukwa Rift, Tanzania." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 6 (1988): 824–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442517.
Full textAbstract:
The Rukwa Rift lies between Lakes Tanganyika and Malawi in the western limb of the East Africa rift system. Because little was known about the rift's structure or hydrocarbon potential, Petro‐Canada International Assistance Corporation completed a 2150 station gravity survey as part of an assistance program for the Tanzanian Petroleum Development Corporation. The survey covered an area 165 km × 375 km, which included the entire rift valley and lake plus regional control on either side. Outcrops of Carboniferous‐Triassic conglomerate, coal, and limestone, as well as Cretaceous sandstone, occur along the southwestern edge of the rift. The younger section is presumed to be dominated by alluvial material. In the absence of any density control, the gravity data were modeled using clastic sedimentary fill, which yields minimum depth estimates. Alternate models with more shale in the section have also been tried. A rift model with two shale pulses corresponding to interrift times yielded maximum depths of about 10 km. An all‐shale model failed to converge because of insufficient mass contrast. The final interpretation was based on the gravity models and aeromagnetic data acquired in an earlier survey. The Rukwa Rift is a half‐graben bounded to the northeast by a listric normal fault (strike 130 degrees) with 7 km of throw. A younger fault system forms the southwestern side of the valley and creates a major structure with 3 km of relief. The divergent strike of the younger faulting appears to be related in some way to right lateral shear in the Rukwa region. The Rukwa Rift has all the elements needed to be considered highly prospective for oil from a lacustrine source. There is strong evidence to suggest that the history of the Rukwa Rift is long and complex, providing ample opportunity for establishment of such an environment. The analogy of the Sudan rifts and the reports of oil seeps elsewhere in the western rift system support such a hypothesis. All the other elements of structure, reservoir, seal, maturation, and timing can be reasonably inferred from the available information. Of course, seismic and drilling are needed to provide firm stratigraphic control to confirm these inferences.
7
Choudhury, Pallabee, Sumer Chopra, Charu Kamra, and Archana Das. "New Insight into the Recent Earthquake Activity in North Cambay Basin, Western India: Seismological and Geodetic Perspectives." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 109, no. 6 (2019): 2240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190126.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The intraplate Gujarat region located at the trijunction of three failed rifts, Kachchh, Narmada, and Cambay, is one of the most seismically active intraplate regions of the world. Among these three, the Cambay basin has been investigated thoroughly for petroleum. However, the basin has not been studied from a seismotectonic perspective. For the past few years, the northern part of the Cambay basin is becoming active with reasonably frequent earthquake occurrences. In the past 10 yr, ∼995 earthquakes have been recorded from the region with a maximum magnitude up to 4.2. Most of the earthquakes are in the magnitude range 1–3. Since 2009, four Global Positioning System (GPS) stations have been in operation in the vicinity of the Cambay basin, and a maximum deformation of 1.8±0.1 mm/yr has been estimated. The GPS‐derived strain rates of ∼0.02–0.03 microstrain/yr are prevalent in the region. An average strain rate of 0.02 microstrain/yr in the region can generate an earthquake of magnitude 6.4. The focal mechanisms of the earthquakes have been mostly normal with strike‐slip component and corroborated by the geodetic strain tensors. Most of the seismicity is clustered in the basement ridges, striking along pre‐existing Precambrian trends that cross the Cambay basin. Complex geodynamics have developed around the northern part of the Cambay rift because of the various movements along several faults, presence of basement ridges, and subsurface plutonic bodies in a failed rift, which are creating stresses and causing earthquakes in this part of the rift. We postulated that the highly heterogeneous subsurface structure beneath the northern part of the Cambay rift is creating additional stress, which is superimposing on the regional stress field substantially, and this mechanism is plausibly facilitating the localized extensional tectonics in the region where compression is expected.
8
Knott, S. D., A. Beach, A. I. Welbon, and P. J. Brockbank. "Basin inversion in the Gulf of Suez: implications for exploration and development in failed rifts." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 88, no. 1 (1995): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1995.088.01.05.
Full text
9
Li, Yaqing, Aqeel Abbas, Chun-Feng Li, et al. "Numerical modeling of failed rifts in the northern South China Sea margin: Implications for continental rifting and breakup." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 199 (September 2020): 104402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104402.
Full text
10
Tari, Gábor, Didier Arbouille, Zsolt Schléder, and Tamás Tóth. "Inversion tectonics: a brief petroleum industry perspective." Solid Earth 11, no. 5 (2020): 1865–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1865-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Inverted structures provide traps for petroleum exploration, typically four-way structural closures. As to the degree of inversion, based on a large number of worldwide examples seen in various basins, the most preferred petroleum exploration targets are mild to moderate inversion structures, defined by the location of the null points. In these instances, the closures have a relatively small vertical amplitude but are simple in a map-view sense and well imaged on seismic reflection data. Also, the closures typically cluster above the extensional depocenters which tend to contain source rocks providing petroleum charge during and after the inversion. Cases for strong or total inversion are generally not that common and typically are not considered as ideal exploration prospects, mostly due to breaching and seismic imaging challenges associated with the trap(s) formed early on in the process of inversion. Also, migration may become tortuous due to the structural complexity or the source rock units may be uplifted above the hydrocarbon generation window, effectively terminating the charge once the inversion has occurred. Cases of inversion tectonics can be grouped into two main modes. A structure develops in Mode I inversion if the syn-rift succession in the preexisting extensional basin unit is thicker than its post-rift cover including the pre- and syn-inversion part of it. In contrast, a structure evolves in Mode II inversion if the opposite syn- versus post-rift sequence thickness ratio can be observed. These two modes have different impacts on the petroleum system elements in any given inversion structure. Mode I inversion tends to develop in failed intracontinental rifts and proximal passive margins, and Mode II structures are associated with back-arc basins and distal parts of passive margins. For any particular structure the evidence for inversion is typically provided by subsurface data sets such as reflection seismic and well data. However, in many cases the deeper segments of the structure are either poorly imaged by the seismic data and/or have not been penetrated by exploration wells. In these cases the interpretation in terms of inversion has to rely on the regional understanding of the basin evolution with evidence for an early phase of crustal extension by normal faulting.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Failed rifts"
1
Doan, Mai-Linh. "Etude in-situ des interactions hydromécaniques entre fluides et failles actives : application au Laboratoire du Rift de Corinthe." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GLOB0015.
Full textAbstract:
Afin d'appréhender in-situ le couplage entre les pressions de fluides et la mécanique des failles, un laboratoire géodynamique a été installé dans le Rift de Corinthe. L'un des éléments majeurs de ce projet européen est un forage recoupant la faille d'Aigion, qui a rejoué lors d'un séisme de magnitude 6. 2 en 1995. Son instrumentation permanente permet le suivi en continu de la pression de fluide autour de la faille. Nous avons dans un premier temps caractérisé l'environnement hydrogéologique des capteurs de pression par un faisceau de résultats relevant de la thermique et de l'hydrogéologie. La faille est imperméable et sépare deux aquifères idépendants. Le karst qui s'étend sous la faille domine la réponse hydraulique observée. La sensibilité des capteurs en forage permet une excellente résolution sur les marées et les variations saisonnières. L'analyse des marées quantifie la réponse poroélastique du milieu. Les déphasages vis-à-vis de la charge océanique et des transitoires de pression accompagnant la mise en contact des deux aquifères entourant la faille sont tous deux interprétés comme la marque d'un aquifère confiné. Sa géométrie a encore été affinée à l'aide d'une mesure thermique que nous avons effectuée dans le forage. La mesure de 50 ± 10 mW/m2 est l'une des toutes premières mesures effectuées dans le rift. Elle a aussi mis en évidence la mise en convection du karst, ce qui a permis de contraindre son extension verticale. Avec ces éléments, il est possible de mieux comprendre les anomalies hydrauliques relevées sur le capteur de pression. Parmi l'abondance de transitoires de pression observés, l'un retient l'attention. Déclenché par les ondes sismiques émises par un séisme distant de plus de 10 000 km, il met en évidence la facilité de la faille d'Aigion à se mettre en mouvement. Au même moment, les capteurs sismiques de haute fréquence enregistrent un micro-événement. Ceci serait un des premiers exemples de réponse dynamique conjointe de la mécanique d'une faille et des variations de propriétés des fluides qui l'entourent. L'activité de la faille d'Aigion devrait permettre d'enregistrer plusieurs autres événements similaires et de quantifier les interactions entre pression de fluide et mouvement d'une faille
2
Coussement, Christophe. "Structures transverses et extension intracontinentale : le rôle des zones de failles d'Assoua et Tanganyika-Rukwa-Malawi dans la cinématique néogène du système de Rift Est-africain." Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BRES2008.
Full textAbstract:
L'analyse structurale des zones de failles d'assoua et trm est basee sur une cartographie precise du champ de failles effectuee a partir d'images satellitaires landsat et spot, et localement de l'exploitation de modeles numeriques de terrain (mnt). Cinq mois de mission sur le terrain ont permis de controler la cinematique de ces structures ainsi que les directions locales de l'extension. La zone de failles d'assoua joue un role de deviateur et ne constitue donc pas un lien structural active au neogene entre les branches orientale et occidentale du rift. La zone de failles trm est consideree comme un rift oblique dextre evoluant sous une extension regionale orientee n90. L'influence de l'heritage des discontinuites imprimees dans le socle proterozoique est egalement discute en termes de discontinuites localisantes ou non localisantes. Ces differents aspects sont synthetises dans un modele cinematique d'evolution du systeme de rift est-africain sous une extension regionale de direction n90-100, excluant un role de proto-transformante intracontinentale pour les deux grandes zones transverses d'assoua et trm
3
Flotté, Nicolas. "Caractérisation structurale et cinématique d'un rift sur détachement : le rift de Corinthe-Patras, Grèce." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112132.
Full textAbstract:
Une étude structurale de la marge sud du rift de Corinthe montre l'existence d'un détachement quaternaire qui traverse le nord du Péloponnèse du golfe Saronique au golfe de Patras, sur plus de 150km. Sa partie à terre est aujourd'hui inactive, avec un pendage actuel à l'émergence de 30-35ʿN et s'aplatissant vers le nord jusqu'à 0-10ʿN puis augmentant progressivement de pendage sous le golfe. D'autres failles normales, à plus fort pendage nord, affectent le toit du détachement et se sont progressivement branchées dessus. La restauration en profondeur suggère qu'il se prolonge sous le golfe dans la zone d'activité sismique à faible pendage vers le nord mise en évidence par les études sismologiques. Les failles actives de Psathopyrgos, Aigion et Héliké sont celles qui transfèrent actuellement en surface le jeu du détachement. L'émergence du détachement s'est initiée d'E en W il y a 1,7-1Ma et est scellée depuis environ 900ka. La déformation a ensuite progressivement migré vers le nord sur des systèmes de failles qui restent actifs durant une période de 250-400ka. Au niveau du golfe de Patras, les données de sismologie montrent que l'émergence du détachement est toujours active. Cette évolution différentielle des deux systèmes est accommodée des failles de transfert responsables du décalage de 25km entre les deux golfes. L'étude des calcites de failles montre que les brèches tectoniques sont cimentées par deux générations de calcites. La première s'est formée à partir d'une eau de formation à une profondeur supérieure à 1200m et la deuxième à partir d'une eau météorique à une profondeur de 500-1000m. Ces données permettent d'estimer un taux de surrection de 1,7-2,5mm/a comparable à celui déterminé sur la côte (e. G. Stiros, 1998). La datation de ces calcites par la méthode U/Th confirme l'âge récent du rift. Malgré de grandes incertitudes, les résultats obtenus valident l'application de cette méthode de datation dans des systèmes faillés quaternaires en milieu carbonatés<br>A structural study of the southern margin of the Corinth rift shows the existence of a quaternary detachment fault, which outcrops along 150km in the northern Peloponnese, from the Saronic gulf to the Patras gulf. Its onshore part is inactive. It dips 30-35ʿN, flats northward till 0-10ʿN and progressively increases beneath the gulf. Steeper normal faults cut through the hangingwall of the detachment and progressively branched onto it. Balanced cross-sections suggest that the onshore detachment prolonged beneath the gulf in the low-angle seismological zone. Since 300ky, the Psathopyrgos, Helike and Aigion active faults transfer the slip from the detachment to the surface. The emergence of the detachment initiated from east to west 1. 7-1My ago, and is sealed since roughly 900ky. The strain has progressively migrated toward the north on several fault-system which remained active during 250-400ky. In the gulf of Patras, seismological data show that the emergence of the detachment is still active. This differential evolution is accommodated by transfer-faults and led to the 25km shift of the Patras and Corinth gulfs. A study of fault-crystallisations shows that syntectonic breccias are cemented by two generations of calcite. The first was formed with formation water at a depth of more than 1200m and the second generation was formed with meteoric-water at a depth of 500-1000m. These data allow determining an uplift rate of 1. 7-2. 5mm/y. This result is close to uplift rates determined near the coast. Dating of these calcites by the U/Th method confirms the young age of the Corinth-Patras rift. The results show that this method is a reliable way for quaternary faults
4
Vetel, William Le Gall Bernard. "Dynamique de l'extension intra-continentale en contexte de rift magmatique le Rift Turkana (Nord Kenya) de l'Eocène à l'Actuel /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/04/80/57/PDF/tel-00009294.pdf.
Full text
5
Pacchiani, Francesco. "Etude sismologique des failles normales actives du Rift de Corinthe." Paris 11, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01576334.
Full textAbstract:
Le travail de recherche effectué dans la présente thèse a pour but d'analyser la géométrie des failles actives en profondeur et d'étudier la relation entre les failles, la sismicité et les fluides, afin de comprendre le mécanisme de déformation dans un contexte d'extension continentale. La région d'étude est le Rift de Corinthe (Grèce) dont la microsismicité de l'année 2001 est relocalisée par analyse spectrale, ce qui permet d'obtenir une image haute résolution des structures actives en profondeur. A partir de l'analyse de la géométrie de la sismicité relocalisée, nous montrons, premièrement, l'existence d'une zone de faille dont la trace en surface coïncide avec la Vallée de Kerinitis, où nous proposons qu'elle affleure, deuxièmement, que la Faille d'Aigion n'est pas listrique jusqu'à 6. 5km de profondeur et troisièmement, nous suggérons une corrélation entre le pendage et la profondeur des multiplets du rift. L'étude spatio-temporelle de la crise sismique de 2001 montre une migration de la sismicité de 0. 02 km/jour vers la surface, que nous supposons liée au mouvements de fluides en profondeur, et une perméabilité du milieu de 7 x 10e-13 m^2 qui est cohérente avec la perméabilité supposée d'une croûte tectoniquement stable. D'autre part, un programme a été développé pour calculer la magnitude de moment, MOMAG. Ces résultats confirment le modèle généralement accépté pour le Rift de Corinthe: l'extension est accomodée par des failles planes en surface et une structure à faible pendage assimilée à un détachement en profondeur. En outre, ils mettent en évidence l'hétérogénéité des failles et la participation des fluides dans les mécanismes de déformation extensive<br>The research work effectuated in the present thesis aims to constrain the deformation mecanisms in the context of continental extension by carrying out an analysis of the geometry of the active faults at depth as well as by studying the relation between faults, seismicity and fluids. The study region is the Corinth Rift (Greece) whose microseismicity of year 2001 has been relocated by spectral analysis, thereby enabling a high resolution image of the active structures at depth. From the study of the geometry of the relocated seismicity, we show, first, the existence of a fault zone whose surfacet trace coincides with the Kerinitis Valley, where we propose that it outcrops second, that the Aigion Fault is not listric down to 6. 5 km depth and third we suggest a correlation between the dip and the depth of the rift's multiplets. The spatio-temporal study of the 2001 seismic crisis shows a 0. 02 km/day migration of the seismicity towards the surface that we propose related to fluid motion at depth. The estimated rock permeability, 7 x 10e-13 m^2, is coherent with other estimates as well as with the supposed permeability of tectonically stable crust. Moreover a program, MOMAG, has been developed to calculate the moment magnitude. The resulting overall b value in the rift, b=1. 35, shows that at depth the medium is heterogeneous. The diverse results obtained confirm the generally accepted Corinth Rift model: the extension is accommodated by planar faults at the surface and by a weakly dipping structure at depth, assimilated to a detachment. Furthermore, they evidence the fault heterogeneity and the involvement of fluids in the extensional deformation mecanisms
6
Bellahsen, Nicolas. "Croissance des failles normales et des rifts continentaux : développement du Golfe d'Aden et dynamique de la plaque Arabe." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590417.
Full textAbstract:
Les déformations de la marge orientale Nord du Golfe d'Aden sont tout d'abord étudiées dans cette thèse à partir de données acquises lors d'une mission de terrain et d'une campagne en Mer (Encens Sheba). Les données de terrain montrent que les failles sont fortement segmentées et leurs orientations très dispersées (de N60°E à N120°E pour les failles majeures). Afin de comprendre ces caractéristiques, des modèles analogiques ont été réalisés pour mieux cerner les mécanismes intervenant dans la création de ces réseaux de failles: l'influence de niveaux ductiles, la réactivation de failles héritées et les conditions aux limites responsables de l'extension. L'influence des niveaux visqueux sur la croissance des réseaux de failles normales est étudiée à partir de modèles analogiques et numériques. La présence des niveaux visqueux ainsi que leur résistance contrôlent la géométrie des failles majeures. Une faible résistance du niveau visqueux induit des grandes failles plus espacées, limitant des blocs peu déformés. Les seules petites failles qui s'initient sont alors localisées à proximité des grandes failles et ont des directions très dispersées. Pour rendre compte de la géométrie du réseau de failles du Golfe d'Aden, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte l'obliquité de la direction d'extension sur le rift et les réseaux de failles héritées. Des modèles analogiques de réactivation oblique ont été réalisés. Ils rendent bien compte des géométries observées dans le Golfe d'Aden, comme dans d'autres rifts tels que le Golfe de Suez, le rift du Lac Tanganyika ou le Viking Graben. Ces phénomènes de réactivation ont lieu sur les bords du rift où une direction d'extension tardive (N160°E) est enregistrée sur le terrain. Afin de mieux définir les conditions aux limites conduisant à la formation des réseaux de failles observés à terre et en mer, il est nécessaire de comprendre les mécanismes responsables de la formation du Golfe d'Aden. Pour ce faire, des modèles analogiques du système lithosphère-manteau supérieur explorent le rôle de la subduction de la Téthys au Nord. La collision de l'Afrique-Arabie intervient de manière précoce au Nord-Ouest tandis que la subduction est encore active à l'Est. Dans les modèles, ce phénomène provoque les déformations intraplaques dans le Nord-Est de l'Afrique, dont la géométrie, en présence d'une faiblesse représentant le point chaud des Afars, est très similaire à celle des rifts Afro-Arabes. Dans cette configuration, une zone d'extension oblique (similaire au Golfe d'Aden) est générée, sans faiblesse lithosphérique préexistante ni propagation du rifting. Ce résultat implique un modèle particulier de rifting oblique qui peut expliquer la présence de l'extension N160°E, tardive sur les bords du rift, perpendiculaire au rift qui se localise suivant la direction du golfe actuel.
7
Gama, Remigius. "Structure et propagation d'un rift magmatique en bordure de craton : approche intégrée de la divergence Nord-Tanzanienne par analyse des populations de failles et du réseau de drainage." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0047/document.
Full textAbstract:
Tout modèle cinématique appliqué à la propagation du rift sud kenyan (RSK) et à sa divergence vers l’ouest au nord de la Tanzanie (DNT) doit nécessairement intégrer la vallée axiale Magadi-Natron (études antérieures), mais aussi le bloc soulevé Oldoinyo Ogol (OOB) à l’ouest (ce travail). Notre étude, basée pour l'essentiel sur l'interprétation d'imagerie satellitale SRTM 30 m, nous permet (1) de préciser l'organisation morphostructurale de l'ensemble du RSK, (2) d'identifier 2 systèmes successifs de failles bordières, (3) d'affirmer le rôle majeur de celle d'Oldoinyo Ogol, (4) d'élaborer un modèle de rifting en 2 étapes (7-3 Ma et <3 Ma) et (5) d'attribuer le « shift » latéral du domaine rifté (OOB), puis sa divergence le long de la branche d'Eyasi (DNT) à la présence d'une discontinuité transverse protérozoïque, à laquelle on rapporte aussi le développement précoce et 'hors axe' du segment magmatique des « Crater Highlands », démontrant ainsi l'importance de l'héritage structural sur la cinématique du rifting. L’analyse quantitative des populations de failles démontre le caractère « restricted » des failles intrarift et aboutit aussi à préciser l'évolution, dans l'espace et le temps, du taux d'extension, depuis un stade précoce à déformation localisée jusqu'à un stade récent à déformation diffuse (<3 Ma). L’analyse des réseaux de drainage identifiés sur le compartiment de socle bordant à l'ouest le dispositif RSK-NTD démontre (1) leur contrôle étroit par le dispositif lithologique et tectonique du socle, (2) la nature polyphasée du soulèvement lié aux failles bordières, et (3) le caractère déséquilibré du réseau actuel en cours de soulèvement<br>Any kinematic model applied to the southerly-propagating and diverging South Kenya rift (SKR) should necessarily integrate the structure of the Magadi-Natron axial trough (previous studies), but also those of the Oldoinyo Ogol (OOB) offset block to the west. Our work is chiefly based on SRTM 30 m satellite imagery analysis, and allows us (1) to precise the morphostructural arrangement of the entire SKR,(2) to identify 2 successive border faults systems, (3) to emphasize the role of the Ol Doinyo Ogol master fault, (4) to elaborate a 2-stage rift model (7-3 Ma et <3 Ma), and (5) to attribute a key-role to a transverse Proterozoic discontinuity on the lateral shift of the OOB, as well as on the split of the rift into the Eyasi rift arm and on the off-axis location of the early Crater Highlands magmatic segment, hence demonstrating the importance of basement structural inheritance on rift kinematics.The quantitative analysis of fault populations shows the restricted nature of most intra-rift faults, and leads us to precise the spatiotemporal evolution of extension from a stage of localized strain (border faults) to a stage of diffuse extension (<3 Ma).From the analysis of the river drainage extracted from the basement uplifted block bounding the rift system to the west, it is assumed that (1) lithological and tectonic basement features exerted a strong control on the river network, (2) fault-related basement uplift is polyphased, and (3) the unsteady nature of the present-day river drainage is due to still active rift-flank uplift in the southern portion of the rift system
8
Vetel, William. "Dynamique de l'extension intra-continentale en contexte de rift magmatique : le Rift Turkana (Nord Kenya) de l'Eocène à l'Actuel." Brest, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009294.
Full textAbstract:
La géométrie du rift cénozoïque du Turkana (45 Ma. , Nord Kenya) est dominée par un ensemble de bassins syn-rifts oligo-pliocènes et une topographie peu contrastée. Ce mémoire, basé sur l'imagerie Landsat ETM+, des données topographiques et de sismique réflexion, permet une reconstitution de l'évolution du rift Turkana depuis 45 Ma. Qui démontre l'influence de deux couloirs transverses de socle et du magmatisme sur le développement des structures extensives. L'étude des inversions tectoniques positives récentes/actives (<3. 7 Ma aboutit à un modèle cinématique en trois stades pour les 5 derniers Ma. L'étude géométrique et statistique du réseau de failles récent (<, Ma. ) du Kino Sogo révèle : 1) ce réseau accommode peu d'extension et implique des taux d'extension et de déformation faibles, 2) les longueurs de failles se corrèlent avec une loi mathématique exponentielle, et 3) les failles ont des rejets <_ 100 m, ce qui leur confère un rapport rejet/longueur faible. Ce caractère mature, mais sous-déplacé des failles, est attribué à un modèle de croissance de failles dominé par la réactivation de structures pré-existantes. Enfin, l'analyse du réseau de rivières du Turkana permet de discuter trois anomalies de drainage: 1) la déviation de la rivière Turkwell le long d'un couloir transverse faillé intra-socle, 2) le blocage d'un réseau dense de rivières par la réactivation récente d'un plan de faille oligo-miocène, et 3) la formation d'une anomalie de type circulaire initiée lors de l'inversion récente des bassins (<3. 7 Ma). D'une façon générale, ce travail apporte de nouveaux résultats sur la mise en place de rifts magmatiques marqués par un héritage structural important<br>The geometry of the Turkana Cenozoic rift (45 Ma. , North Kenya) is dominated by a set of syn-rift oligo-pliocene basins and a subdued topography. This manuscript, based on satellite imagery (Landsat ETM+), topographical data (SRTM) combined with seismic reflexion, proposes a model for the Turkana rift evolution for the last 45 Ma. That demonstrates the influence of two transverse basement faulted corridors and of magmatic domains on the extensional structures development. The study of recent/active tectonic inversions leads us to propose a three-stages kinematic model for the last 5 Ma. The geometrical and statistical study of the recent (<3 Ma. ) Kino Sogo fault bel reveals : 1) this network accommodates a weak extension implying low extensional and strain rates, 2) fault lengths fit with exponential law, and 3) fault throw are 5100 m leading to a weak throw/length ratio. This mature, but under-displaced character of faults, is attributed to a fault growth model dominated by the rejuvenation of pre-existing structures. Finally, the Turkana river network analyses leads us to discuss three drainage anomalies: 1) the virgation of the Turkwell river along a transverse basement faulted corridor, 2) the lock of a dense river pattern by the recent reactivation of an oligo-miocene fault plane, and 3) the formation of a circular-type drainage anomaly in response to the recent tectonic inversions of the basins (3. 7 Ma. ). More generally, this work supplies some new insights on the development of magmatic rifts controlled by a strong structural inheritance
9
Backert, Nicolas Ford Mary Malartre Fabrice. "Interaction tectonique-sédimentation dans le rift de Corinthe, Grèce. Architecture stratigraphique et sédimentologie du Gilbert-delta de Kerinitis." S. l. : INPL, 2009. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2009_BACKERT_N.pdf.
Full text
10
Pinzuti, Paul. "Croissance et propagation des failles normales dans le rift d'Asal-Ghoubbet par datation cosmogénique 36CI." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GLOB0020.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de cette étude est de quantifier le fonctionnement des failles normales du rift d'Asal-Ghoubbet et de comprendre l’interaction magamto-tectonique lors des processus de rifting. Notre approche consiste dans un premier temps, à estimer l’âge d’initiation de certaines failles qui structurent ce rift en déterminant, à partir d’échantillons de basaltes, des durées d’exposition au rayonnement cosmique en utilisant l’isotope cosmogénique 36Cl. Pour se faire, nous avons donc mis en place un protocole chimique d’extraction du chlore naturel et cosmogénique et réalisé un code numérique de calcul d’âge d’exposition. Les âges d’exposition obtenus à la fois sur plagioclases, roche totale et sur la matrice de plusieurs échantillons, ainsi que la datation d’une coulée basaltique reposant dur des calcaires d’âges connus permettent de valider notre approche. Enfin, l’estimation de l’âge de mise en place d’une coulée basaltique, antérieurement daté par K/Ar, montre que les processus érosifs doivent âtre pris en compte sur des larges gammes temporelles. Les mesures de décalages de différents marqueurs holocènes, réalisées à partir de photos numériques, permettent aussi d’enregistrer le glissement vertical le long des ces failles pour, les derniers 6 ka partir de calcaires lacustres et pour le dernier millier d’années à partir du liseré blanc. L’ensemble de ces résultats montrent que l’activité tectonique du rift d’Asal s’est initiée il y a 60 ka au Sud-Est du rift d’Asal mais a réellement démarré il y a 35 ka, les failles atteignant leur extension maximale vers 20 ka. Ce résultat montre que ces failles se sont initiées sur toute leur longueur avant d'accumuler un déplacement vertical, ce qui va à l'encontre d'un développement auto-similaire simple. Les failles et le système de failles bordier Nord du rift se sont propagés globalement vers le Nord-Ouest rapidement (40-70 cm/an) avec des vitesses de glissement vertical élevées (10 mm/an) qui semblent avoir diminuées au fur et à mesure de leur développement. Enfin, le mode de croissance des failles ne semble pas non plus avoir changé sur des échelles de temps de quelques dizaines de ka. Dans un second temps, l’analyse géochimique des coulées basaltiques qui remplissent le rift d’Asal met en évidence qu’il est l’expression en surface d’un méga-dyke lithosphérique d’ ~10 km de large et de ~60 km de profondeur qui induit un taux d’amincissement de 6. 25 cm/an sur une période de ~800 ka. Ces laves sont issues d’une chambre magmatique peu profonde (~4 km). Ce réservoir magmatique a fonctionné par pulses entre au moins 300 et 66 ka. Le remplissage magmatique du rift correspondrait à un volume total de laves de l’ordre de 20 km3 en 230 ka, mis en place à une vitesse moyenne de ~10^5 m3/an. La durée de ces pulses varie de quelques centaines d’années à quelques 5 ka avec des temps de récurrence de quelques centaines d’années à ~30 ka. Enfin, le développement des systèmes de failles au nord du rift serait responsable de la rotation antihoraire (plan horizontal) d’une vingtaine de degrés de petits blocs de laves de longueur ≤ 2 à 8 km.
Books on the topic "Failed rifts"
1
Szary, William A. Aulacogens of North America II: Failed Rifts Throughout Mesozoic and Cenozoic Time. Independently Published, 2019.
Find full text
2
Szary, William A. Aulacogens of North America I: Failed Rifts Throught Proterozoic and Paleozoic Time. Independently Published, 2019.
Find full text
3
Hitman, Gadi. Fatah-Hamas Rift: An Analysis of Failed Negotiations. State University of New York Press, 2022.
Find full text
4
Williams, Sonja D. Empowerment. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039874.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter focuses on Richard Durham's days after his departure from the United Packinghouse Workers of America (UPWA). Forced to resign from the UPWA after his failed power play, Durham felt betrayed. He decided to write a novel based on his UPWA experiences. While he worked on his novel, Durham returned to freelancing. He found a national audience for Destination Freedom, reworked his “The Heart of George Cotton” and “Denmark Vesey” scripts for the CBS Radio Workshop, born in 1936 as The Columbia Workshop. He also got an offer from the Chicago-based Nation of Islam (NOI) to serve as editor of its newspaper, Muhammad Speaks, at a time when civil rights protests were intensifying as blatant racial discrimination and inequality continued to disenfranchise African Americans. The tensions reached a boiling point in April 1968, when Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated, sparking riots in various cities.
5
Mulmi, Amish Raj. All Roads Lead North. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197645994.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
During the June 2020 territorial dispute over Kalapani, India blamed tensions on a newly assertive Nepal’s deepening relations with China. But beyond the accusations and grandstanding, this reflects a new reality: the power equations in South Asia have been redrawn, to make space for China. Nepal did not turn northwards overnight. Its ties with China have deep historical roots built on Buddhism, dating to the early first millennium. While India’s unofficial 2015 blockade provided momentum to the rift with Delhi, Nepal has long wanted deeper ties with Beijing, to counteract India’s oppressive intimacy. With China’s growing South Asian and global ambitions, Nepal now has a new primary bilateral partner--and Nepalis are forging a path towards modernity with its help, both in the remote borderlands and in the cities. All Roads Lead North offers a long view of Nepal’s foreign relations, today underpinned by China’s world-power status. Sharing never-before-told stories about Tibetan guerrilla fighters, failed coup leaders and trans-Himalayan traders, Nepal analyst Amish Raj Mulmi examines the histories binding mountain communities together across the Sino-Nepali border. Part history, part journalistic account, Mulmi's is a complex, compelling and rigorously researched study of a small country caught between two neighbourhood giants.
6
Cliff, A. D., M. R. Smallman-Raynor, P. Haggett, D. F. Stroup, and S. B. Thacker. Infectious Diseases: A Geographical Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244737.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The last four decades of human history have seen the emergence of an unprecedented number of 'new' infectious diseases: the familiar roll call includes AIDS, Ebola, H5N1 influenza, hantavirus, hepatitis E, Lassa fever, legionnaires' and Lyme diseases, Marburg fever, Rift Valley fever, SARS, and West Nile. The outbreaks range in scale from global pandemics that have brought death and misery to millions, through to self-limiting outbreaks of mainly local impact. Some outbreaks have erupted explosively but have already faded away; some grumble along or continue to devastate as now persistent features in the medical lexicon; in others, a huge potential threat hangs uncertainly and worryingly in the air. Some outbreaks are merely local, others are worldwide. This book looks at the epidemiological and geographical conditions which underpin disease emergence. What are the processes which lead to emergence? Why now in human history? Where do such diseases emerge and how do they spread or fail to spread around the globe? What is the armoury of surveillance and control measures that may curb the impact of such diseases? But, uniquely, it sets these questions on the modern period of disease emergence in an historical context. First, it uses the historical record to set recent events against a much broader temporal canvas, finding emergence to be a constant theme in disease history rather than one confined to recent decades. It concludes that it is the quantitative pace of emergence, rather than its intrinsic nature, that separates the present period from earlier centuries. Second, it looks at the spatial and ecological setting of emergence, using hundreds of specially-drawn maps to chart the source areas of new diseases and the pathways of their spread. The book is divided into three main sections: Part 1 looks at early disease emergence, Part 2 at the processes of disease emergence, and Part 3 at the future for emergent diseases.
Book chapters on the topic "Failed rifts"
1
Brummer, Alex. "A Nation Divided." In The Great British Reboot. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243499.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter sketches the UK as a country that is divided and riven by inequality, regional differences, and tensions between generations. It refers to the Brexit referendum's exposure of deep rifts in British society which show subterranean messages that are more complicated than the simple question of in or out of the EU. It also reviews issues that have been lumped together as symptoms of a 'Broken Britain' – a failed society. The chapter explains how the UK is at odds with itself and split along many fault lines, such as North versus South, the rich and the comfortable middles classes versus the not so well off and the downright poor, town against country, and young versus old. It mentions parts of the UK that saw the referendum outcome as an opportunity to end the Union and strike out in a different direction.
2
"failed rift." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_60091.
Full text
3
Parker, Stuart D., and Marc S. Hendrix. "Detrital zircon record of the Mesoproterozoic Belt basin and implications for horizontal and vertical tectonic models." In In the Footsteps of Warren B. Hamilton: New Ideas in Earth Science. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2553(14).
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT It is debated whether plate tectonics (horizontal tectonics) or single-lid tectonics (vertical tectonics) dominated the Mesoproterozoic Era. Either rifting of the Nuna/Columbia supercontinent or a localized vertical subsidence and tectonism mechanism within a single tectonic plate is likely recorded in Mesoproterozoic basins. This study summarizes detrital zircon samples from the Mesoproterozoic Belt and Purcell Supergroups and Lemhi subbasin of the western United States and Canada and tests competing rift and intracratonic basin models. Rift models take the observed detrital zircon trends to mean that a non-Laurentian (ca. 1.6–1.5 Ga) detrital zircon component becomes completely absent higher in the section, signifying rifting of the Nuna/Columbia supercontinent at ca. 1.4 Ga. Intracratonic models acknowledge this observed shift in provenance but interpret a long-lived intracratonic setting for the basin following an earlier failed rifting event. The fundamental question is whether the Belt basin represents a failed or successful rift. We used statistical comparison of 72 detrital zircon signatures, reported in the literature and presented in this study, to test the rift model. Samples are not evenly distributed across the basin or its stratigraphy. Non-Laurentian grains are spatially restricted to the northwest part of the basin but are present in all groups, suggesting that the apparent loss of the non-Laurentian population is an artifact of sampling bias. Like stratigraphic boundaries and facies changes, mixing trends are gradual, not sharp or sudden, signifying progressive reworking of Proterozoic zircons and transport from all sides. Archean zircons are localized near the edges of Archean blocks, signifying local down-dropping along cratonic margins. The rift model is therefore rejected in favor of the intracratonic model for the Belt basin on the basis of variable mixing between non-Laurentian and Laurentian sources in both pre–Missoula Group and Missoula Group strata. Far away from plate margins, sediment incrementally filled topographic depressions created by densified and thinned Proterozoic crustal blocks, resulting in vertical down-dropping along preexisting sutures with neighboring Archean blocks. More systematic detrital zircon studies are needed in order to accurately quantify provenance trends in space and time. Continued investigation of the Belt basin may reveal underappreciated or unrecognized vertical tectonic processes that may explain Mesoproterozoic rocks more accurately.
4
Peplow, Simon. "Lacking conviction: Inquiries and trials after Bristol." In Race and riots in Thatcher's Britain. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526125286.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter charts the divided response to the St Pauls disturbance, through rejected appeals for a public inquiry and the authorities’ alternative reaction, which attempted to divert attention onto law and order and away from governmental policies. There was a clear division of local attitudes between moderates, who desired the societal legitimisation of a public inquiry, and radical or younger groups, more likely to have been involved in disturbances, who believed it would be a diversion or ‘whitewash’. Other government measures that were implemented – such as select committees turning their focus to the city – were thus boycotted by various groups, who thought their attendance would imply satisfaction with this limited response; similarly, attempted left-wing inquiries were snubbed by local people who rejected attempts to introduce party politics. This chapter lastly examines failed court trials to convict twelve locals under the serious charge of riotous assembly; influenced by criticism directed towards Bristol police for their temporary withdrawal during the disorder, authorities continued their focus upon law and order to the detriment of wider social or political issues, attempting to obtain criminal sentences to reassure the public and deter future violence.
5
Zhou, Taomo. "The Ambivalent Alliance between Beijing and Jakarta." In Migration in the Time of Revolution. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739934.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explores Beijing's strategic collaborations with Jakarta through the second Afro-Asia Conference, the Game of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO), and konfrontasi—Indonesia's campaign to block Britain's plan to merge the remains of its former Southeast Asian colonies into the Federation of Malaysia. However, closer bilateral relations failed to prevent anti-Chinese riots in Indonesia. In May 1963, shortly after Liu Shaoqi's historic visit to Indonesia, which was the first visit by a head of state of the People's Republic of China, a chain of anti-Chinese riots broke out in West Java. Unlike the government-led anti-Chinese acts in 1959–60, the attacks against ethnic Chinese in 1963 were eruptions of popular discontent sparked by economic conditions. Meanwhile, the two countries' common struggle against the Western imperialist presence in Southeast Asia led to new discord. Beijing and Jakarta clashed over policies toward the ethnic Chinese in Malaya, the Chinese-dominated Communist guerillas in Sarawak, and the Chinese-majority country of Singapore.
6
Metz, Michael V. "April: Quiet between the Storms." In Radicals in the Heartland. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042416.003.0035.
Full textAbstract:
Soon GE departed, as did the guardsmen; calm returned until a firebomb went through the window of the Champaign Federal Building. RU rallies restarted protesting Illiac IV, Kunstler was re-invited; failed firebombs were found in Lincoln and Altgeld Halls, but a successful device burned an Air Force recruiting office in Urbana nearly to the ground. President Henry, seeking less demanding work, announced his retirement; Jim Larabee, arrested in the recent riots, declared that worse was yet to come, and a blue-ribbon commission on campus tension agreed, declaring turmoil was not likely to cease while social ills prevailed.
7
Stein, Carol A., Seth Stein, Molly M. Gallahue, and Reece P. Elling. "Revisiting hotspots and continental breakup—Updating the classical three-arm model." In In the Footsteps of Warren B. Hamilton: New Ideas in Earth Science. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2553(05).
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Classic models proposed that continental rifting begins at hotspots—domal uplifts with associated magmatism—from which three rift arms extend. Rift arms from different hotspots link up to form new plate boundaries, along which the continent breaks up, generating a new ocean basin and leaving failed arms, termed aulacogens, within the continent. In subsequent studies, hotspots became increasingly viewed as manifestations of deeper upwellings or plumes, which were the primary cause of continental rifting. We revisited this conceptual model and found that it remains useful, though some aspects require updates based on subsequent results. First, the rift arms are often parts of boundaries of transient microplates accommodating motion between the major plates. The microplates form as continents break up, and they are ultimately incorporated into one of the major plates, leaving identifiable fossil features on land and/or offshore. Second, much of the magmatism associated with rifting is preserved either at depth, in underplated layers, or offshore. Third, many structures formed during rifting survive at the resulting passive continental margins, so study of one can yield insight into the other. Fourth, hotspots play at most a secondary role in continental breakup, because most of the associated volcanism reflects plate divergence, so three-arm junction points may not reflect localized upwelling of a deep mantle plume.
8
McCurdy, John Gilbert. "Empire." In Quarters. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501736605.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines how colonial resistance to quartering British soldiers led the British Parliament to authorize the Quartering Act in 1765. Built on the ideal of the unitary empire, the Quartering Act sought to transfer British rights and responsibilities to North America by requiring that the colonists supply and barrack troops, but exempted private houses from billeting soldiers. Enforcement of the Quartering Act was delayed due to the Stamp Act riots, and implementation failed in Canada. From 1766 to 1768, General Gage enforced the law throughout the American colonies, deriving monies for quartering expenses from eight colonies, although he was only able to do so by recognizing the different legislative approaches of the different American colonies and abandoning the ideal of the unitary empire.
9
Ben-Ami, Shlomo. "“A Secluded Nordic Castle”." In Prophets without Honor. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190060473.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Negotiations in broad daylight in Tel Aviv hotels soon shifted to secret talks in Harpsund, the summer residence of Sweden’s prime minister. A meeting with Arafat in Ramallah, ahead of our Swedish trip, reaffirmed the utter lack of trust between him and Prime Minister Barak. Still in Israel, a meeting with the military high command revealed how Barak was still within his comfort zone, with wishful desires that the Palestinians could never accept. Conversely, in Sweden, Abu Ala and his team member Hassan Asfour were surprisingly creative, not ruling out border changes and Israel’s annexation of the Jewish neighborhoods in East Jerusalem. Unfortunately, the Swedish track died once it was leaked to the press, and Arafat lost interest. We, on our part, failed to offer a package of proposals that could have sustained the momentum. The Nakba Day riots in mid-May 2000 were a warning about the future: negotiations were under fire.
10
Carté, Katherine. "Antipopery and the End of the Protestant State." In Religion and the American Revolution. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469662640.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter chronicles how Britain ceased to be, and the United States failed to become, protestant polities. In both countries, government leaders relied by necessity on Catholics as political partners during the war. In the United States, that was the search for support from either the Quebecois or, more significantly, from France. In Britain, after the French Alliance, that was the military necessity to draw on Catholic subjects, in Britain as well as in Ireland, for soldiers. American religious leaders largely accepted this fact, depriving the new nation of a language of unity and purpose—the cosmic conflict between protestants and Catholics—that had long dominated early modern international affairs. In Britain, religious leaders made parallel choices, as anti-Catholic riots in Scotland and then, more dramatically in England, set political protestantism and the goals of empire—prosecuting the war with all available resources—at odds. These two related events signal the end of the confessional era in the midst of the Age of Revolutions.
Conference papers on the topic "Failed rifts"
1
Stein, Carol, Seth Stein, Reece P. Elling, and Molly Gallahue. "INSIGHTS FROM THE FAILED MIDCONTINENT RIFT INTO THE EVOLUTION OF CONTINENTAL RIFTS, PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGINS, AND OTHER FAILED RIFTS." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-377910.
Full text
2
Emishaw, Luelseged, and Mohamed Abdel Salam. "HOW FAR HAS THE FAILED ANZA RIFT PROPAGATED INTO AFRICA?" In 52nd Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018sc-310203.
Full text
3
Lara, Marie Ester. "The tectonic evolution of a failed rift system: Marajo Basin, Northern Brazil." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1932001.
Full text
4
Firkins, Max, Folarin Kolawole, Kurt J. Marfurt, and Brett M. Carpenter. "BASEMENT DEFORMATION NEAR THE TERMINATION OF A FAILED MAGMATIC CONTINENTAL RIFT: INSIGHTS FROM NORTH-CENTRAL OKLAHOMA." In Joint 53rd Annual South-Central/53rd North-Central/71st Rocky Mtn GSA Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019sc-326453.
Full text
5
Magnin, Benjamin, Yvette D. Kuiper, and Eric Anderson. "FAILED RIFT-RELATED ALKALINE MAGMATISM AND RARE EARTH ELEMENT DEPOSITS IN THE WET MOUNTAINS, COLORADO: THE STRUCTURAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND GEOCHRONOLOGICAL STORY." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-377806.
Full text
6
Granath, James, Rolf Rango, Pete Emmet, Colin Ford, Robert Lambert, and Michael Kasli. "New Viewpoint on the Geology and Hydrocarbon Prospectivity of the Seychelles Plateau." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2556681-ms.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT We have reprocessed, re-imaged, and interpreted 10000+ km of legacy 2D seismic data in the Seychelles, particularly in the western part of the Plateau. Seychelles data have been difficult to image, particularly for the Mesozoic section: volcanics are a major attenuator of low frequency signal, and a hard water bottom contributes to signal problems. Enhanced low frequency techniques were applied to improve the signal fidelity in the 4 to 20 Hz range, and to remove spectral notches of shallow geologic origin. These efforts have allowed a reasonable view of the structure of the Plateau to a depth equivalent to about 3.5 sec TWT, and permit a comparison of areas atop the Plateau to the south coast where the three 1980's Amoco wells were drilled. It is clear that the main Plateau area of the Seychelles (excluding the outlying territories) is comprised of several separate basins, each with similar Karoo, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic sections that relate to the East African and West Indian conjugate margins, but the basins each have nuanced tectono-stratigraphic histories. The previously recognized Correira Basin in the SE and the East and West South Coast Basins face the African conjugate margin; other unimaged ones complete the periphery of the Plateau. The interior of the Plateau is dominated by the Silhouette Basin to the west of the main islands and the Mahé Basin to the east. The co astal basins have harsh tectono-thermal histories comparable to other continental margins around the world; they are typically characterized by stretching, subsidence and breakaway from their respective conjugate margins. In contrast the interior basins are comparable to ‘failed’ rift systems such as the North Sea or the Gulf of Suez. The South Coastal Basins, for example, tend to be more extended which complicated interpretation of the Amoco wells, but they have significant upside, as exemplified by the Beau Vallon structure. The interior basins, on the other hand, have typically simpler structure: the Silhouette Basin contains a system of NW-trending linked normal faults that could easily harbor North Sea-sized hydrocarbon traps with a variety of rift-related reservoir possibilities. Bright, reflective, hard volcanic horizons are less common than usually presumed, but most of the basins may contain considerable pyroclastic material in parts of the section. All of the basins appear to be predominantly oil prone, with considerable upside prospectivity.
7
Alzaidy, Rashid. "The Iraqi political system between reform and change." In REFORM AND POLITICAL CHANGE. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdiconfrpc.pp49-72.
Full textAbstract:
It is no secret to anyone that the political system in Iraq has gone through and is still going through several crises and suffers from many problems that are difficult to limit and define within a specific research scope. Despite that, there are two main trends prevailing about the general view of the political system and its future in Iraq, which are centered on two visions: First: Seeing the possibility of reforming the political system Second: seeing the impossibility of reforming the political system and the political system must be changed) This was accompanied by developments; And repercussions that affected the entire structural system of Iraqi society, but all attempts at reform failed. Hence, the problematic of our study emerges in the main question: Does the Iraqi political system need change or reform, and what are the justifications for this change or reform, and what are the consequences of that locally? Regionally and internationally? The attempt to answer these and other questions requires that we start from the hypothesis of the Iraqi political system after 2003, which suffers from several structural problems that prevent the success of any attempt at political reform for it. The study is based on the following axes: The first topic: What is political reform and political change The second topic: Building the political system in Iraq after 2003 and the justifications for changing its reform The third topic: Obstacles to changing (reform) the Iraqi political system The fourth topic: Attempts to political reform and its future The study concluded a set of conclusions, perhaps the most prominent of which are: 1 - The future of the Iraqi political system in light of local, regional and international data indicates the impossibility of reforming this system due to the depth of its imbalances Its exacerbation and the depth of the rift that this system suffers from - and the absence of the means to reform, which center on the following options: A- Reform through coup methods B- Reform through popular revolution and that these options are not available at the present time, so it is expected that the current situation will continue with attempts A patchwork that gives the regime revival doses without radical solutions until reaching the framework of the Iraqi social contract, which will have two main options: the peaceful option and revolves around: The continuation of the October protests and the joining of the rest of the Iraqi components to them and their obtaining international and regional support to reformulate a new Iraqi social contract for the unity and stability of Iraq, the peaceful division between the Iraqi components to establish three Sunni Shiite states. Kurdish non-peaceful option external change such as the 2003 military coup, the international upheaval, the civil war
8
Saeedi, Azin. "Community Participation in Conservation Proposals of Islamic Pilgrimage Sites." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4025pfdgv.
Full textAbstract:
There is increasing pressure on urban landscapes surrounding Islamic pilgrimage sites to accommodate growing numbers of pilgrims. Recent developments have responded to this issue with comprehensive clearance of historic urban landscapes, constructing grand open spaces and dislocating local residents. The traditional expansion of Islamic pilgrimage sites was characterised by a layering of interconnected structures with continuous functions that merged gradually over time into the surrounding landscape. The rift between the traditional urban growth and the recent expansion approach across the Muslim world is inconsistent with international developments that seek to incorporate sustainable development into urban heritage conservation. To achieve sustainability, developments should meet intergenerational equity and protect the interests of stakeholders including the community. Literature has established two operational characteristics for sustainable development that helps gauging the extent to which it is integrated into practice: Stakeholder participation and strategic planning. Participatory processes create shared visons among stakeholders and facilitate long-term directions. However, in non-Western contexts where decision-making power and financial control reside in the central state, participation is either considered a threat to the state or its potential benefit is unrecognised. This paper argues where conservation objectives are determined by experts in isolation from the community’s interests, the plans fail to be achieved. This will be demonstrated by undertaking a comparative analysis of conservation proposals prepared by international heritage experts for Islamic pilgrimage sites of Mecca, Medina, Kāzimayn and Shiraz. Visited by millions of pilgrims annually, the four sites have similar clearance and expansion patterns. This paper analyses the extent of community participation integrated into these proposals as one of the significant operational dimensions of sustainable development and a crucial link that enhances strategic planning. Finally, by reflecting on site specifics and social methods, this paper recommends participatory methods to enhance community engagement.
9
Kumar, Rajeev Ranjan, Joseph Zacharia, Surej Kumar Subbiah, et al. "Geomechanics Aided Successful Well Delivery Through Abrasive Rock While Adding New Unconventional Reserves." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31698-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Deep wells drilled down to 4000 m to 4500 m true vertical depth (TVD) in the offshore Kutch-Saurashtra rift basin encounter more than 1500 m of abrasive Deccan Trap volcanics in a 12.25-in. section with target stiff Mesozoic sandstone formations in an 8.5-in. section. Weathered basalt flows, fractured sandstones, tightly cemented siltstones, pyritic shales, abnormal pressures, and complicated transverse isotropic layers test the limits of well construction and engineering design at high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions. This reduces the rate of penetration (ROP) and sidetracks with premature termination of wells. Traditional prognosis methods fail to predict the abnormal pore pressure regimes and stress anisotropy created by the disturbed tectonic history and complex geological setting. The operator faced unpredictable flow events and wellbore instability incidents such as cavings, tight pulls, breakouts, and equivalent circulating density fluctuations during drilling. Apart from the drilling and completions challenges, the wellbore instabilities affected openhole logging and coring operations, leading to inadequate formation evaluation. In this paper we present an integrated approach to using geomechanical analyses for determining the mud-weight window, drilling bottomhole assembly (BHA), and optimizing mud chemicals. An anisotropic Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) was built using both horizontal and vertical elastic properties to estimate an accurate stress profile that can guide mud loss zones and completion quality. Engineered drilling bits based on the estimated rock mechanical and stress analysis were selected to improve effective ROP through the more abrasive and compacted rocks. High risk zones were flagged inside the Deccan Trap for mud loss while look-ahead mud weight design for the Bhuj and Jhuran formations were optimized by considering plane of weakness mode of failure. Dynamic hydraulics simulation was conducted for the tripping speed of the Casing and BHA. The casing run-in speed was optimized across the Deccan Trap by pumping lost-circulation material (LCM) additives to mitigate losses. This helped to set casing until the 12.25-in. section at total depth (TD) with a narrow mud-weight window of 0.2 to 0.3 ppg. A mud weight of 12.7 to 13.0 ppg was used initially in the 8.5-in. section based on the look-ahead model and was proactively increased to 13.7 ppg to minimize nonproductive time (NPT) with very few borehole breakouts or fracture plane slippage. This result was quite different from offset wells that were drilled with only 11.5 to 12.2 ppg mud weight, which resulted in many tight-hole and stuck-pipe incidents. Bits were changed to manage mean stress, which was expected in the range of 15,000 to 17,500 psi, with formation strength ranging 9,500 to 23,000 psi. The 8.5-in. section was drilled successfully with fewer bit trips, and the hole condition was in better shape compared to the offset wells. The formation evaluation and completion quality review led to the successful discovery of four new zones with minimal near-wellbore damage. Despite the extreme conditions, there was improvement in the instantaneous ROP by 15 to 20% while drilling an additional 250 m of abrasive formation without any wellbore instability.
Reports on the topic "Failed rifts"
1
Cecile, M. P., B. S. Norford, G. S. Nowlan, and T. T. Uyeno. Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy and geology, Richardson Mountains, Yukon (with stratigraphic and paleontological appendices). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329454.
Full textAbstract:
The Richardson Trough was a rift basin on the southern margin of an ancestral Iapetus Ocean. It was part of a complex paleogeography that included at least two major rift basins on western Franklinian and northern Cordilleran continental shelves. This paleogeography included the Ogilvie Arch, Porcupine Platform, Blackstone 'supra-basin', Babbage Basin, Husky Lakes Arch, Richardson Trough, Mackenzie Arch, Lac des Bois Platform, and the White Mountains and Campbell uplifts. The Richardson Trough was the failed arm of a triple rift system that formed when an early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean developed north of the trough. The Richardson Trough displays a classic 'steer's head' profile with two rift fill cycles. The first features late early to middle late Cambrian rifting and late late Cambrian to late Early Ordovician post-rift subsidence; the second, late Early Ordovician to early Silurian rifting and late early Silurian to early Middle Devonian post-rift subsidence. Lower Paleozoic strata exposed in the Richardson Trough range in age from middle Cambrian to early Middle Devonian and are similar to strata in their sister rift, the Misty Creek Embayment. Before this study, the stratigraphic units defined for the Richardson Trough were the Slats Creek Formation and the Road River Formation. Here, the Slats Creek Formation and a new Road River Group are recognized. In order, this group consists of the middle and/or late Cambrian to Early Ordovician Cronin Formation; the early Early Ordovician to latest early Silurian Mount Hare Formation; the early Silurian to late Silurian Tetlit Formation; and the late Silurian to early Middle Devonian Vittrekwa Formation. These Road River Group strata are unconformably overlain by the late Middle to Late Devonian Canol Formation (outcrop) and by the Early Devonian Tatsieta Formation (subsurface).