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Journal articles on the topic 'Failed states – Yugoslavia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Popović, Dragoljub. "Constitutional design and destiny of the states: The Weimar Constitution and the St Vitus Day Constitution in comparative perspective." Pravni zapisi 12, no. 2 (2021): 396–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pravzap0-34186.

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The Weimar Constitution of 1919 and the St Vitus Day Constitution of 1921 were quite different in many aspects. Their comparison is nevertheless of interest not only because it shows some influences of the older one to the younger, but also for the fact that it displays the line of developments of the two countries - Germany and Yugoslavia. If considered from the standpoint of parliamentary government, territorial organization of the two states and some other features the analysis of the respective constitutional developments leads to several conclusions. The two constitutions had their initia

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2

Saideman, Stephen M. "Explaining the International Relations of Secessionist Conflicts: Vulnerability Versus Ethnic Ties." International Organization 51, no. 4 (1997): 721–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081897550500.

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With the end of the Cold War, many observers expected that international conflict would be less likely to occur and easier to manage. Given the successful resolution of the Gulf War and the European Community's (EC) efforts to develop a common foreign policy, observers expected international cooperation to manage the few conflicts that might break out. Instead, the disintegration of Yugoslavia contradicted these expectations. Rather than developing a common foreign policy, European states were divided over how to deal with Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia. Germany pushed for relatively quick recogn

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3

Franceschet, Antonio. "The International Criminal Court's Provisional Authority to Coerce." Ethics & International Affairs 26, no. 1 (2012): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679412000056.

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The United Nations ad hoc tribunals in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda had primacy over national judicial agents for crimes committed in these countries during the most notorious civil wars and genocide of the 1990s. The UN Charter granted the Security Council the right to establish a tribunal for Yugoslavia in the context of ongoing civil war and against the will of recalcitrant national agents. The Council used that same right to punish individuals responsible for a genocide that it failed earlier to prevent in Rwanda. In both cases the Council delegated a portion of its coercive title to i

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4

ŽARKOVIĆ, PETAR, and MILIVOJ BEŠLIN. "YUGOSLAVIA AND DE GAULLE’S REVISION OF THE COLD WAR." ISTRAŽIVANJA, Јournal of Historical Researches, no. 33 (December 22, 2022): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/i.2022.33.153-173.

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This paper will analyze France’s attempted foreign policy strategy in Yugoslavia and in Eastern Europe during the 1960s, beginning with the various positions of de Gaulle’s France and Tito’s Yugoslavia and the numerous similarities in how the two countries’ diplomacy functioned. In both countries, the course of foreign policy was determined according to the authoritarian characteristics of their systems and of their central figure–the president. Both countries were also interested in transcending the Cold War division of Europe, and they based their strategies on attempts to marginalize the Un

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5

Muskaj, Blerina. "NATO in Balkans and Crisis on BiH." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, no. 2 (2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/601nsi25e.

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The Balkan crisis is the result of a series of conflicts in various areas of political, economic and social life in the former Yugoslavia. Relations between the former republics show the complex character of European security. Without a sustainable development of the whole region, it is impossible to guarantee security throughout the European continent. Europe was shaken by the bloody events that marked the break-up of Yugoslavia. No one could have imagined that such violent military clashes could take place in a European country, 50 years after the end of World War II, and that hundreds of th

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6

Bieber, Florian, Florian Bieber, and Irena Ristić. "Constrained Democracy: The Consolidation of Democracy in Yugoslav Successor States." Southeastern Europe 36, no. 3 (2012): 373–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763332-03603005.

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The development of democracy in the successor states of Yugoslavia illustrates the whole range of differences among these states: from Slovenia which is considered most advanced and consolidated, over Croatia which is on its way to become a consolidated democratic state, to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia which are seen as still very fragile zones for democracy to take roots in. While scholars refer to these latter cases as to failed or unconsolidated democracies, this article argues against the common theoretical framework and calls for the use of different th

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7

Sluiter, Göran. "Case Analysis: To Cooperate or not to Cooperate?: The Case of the Failed Transfer of Ntakirutimana to the Rwanda Tribunal." Leiden Journal of International Law 11, no. 2 (1998): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156598000296.

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The relationship between national jurisdictions and the international criminal tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda raises many problems. One of them concerns the surrender of indicted war criminals from national jurisdictions to the Ad Hoc Tribunals. Several obstacles stand in the way of effective surrender to the Ad Hoc Tribunals. This contribution focuses on the legal obstacles that may be encountered in this respect. By means of the case of the failed surrender of Ntakirutimana from the United States to the Rwanda Tribunal, it will be demonstrated that legal assistance to the Ad

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8

Natorski, Paweł. "International legal instruments for resolving the Slovenian-Croatian dispute in the Gulf of Piran region." Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa 16, no. 16 (2024): 198–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6426.

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During the existence of Yugoslavia, there were no maritime boundaries between the federal republics that were part of the country. The implication of this decision was, after Slovenia and Croatia proclaimed independence in 1991, the outbreak of a dispute over the delimitation of the border on the strategically located Piran Bay. Different legal positions and extended argumentation on both sides mean that despite the existence of numerous international legal instruments for resolving the dispute, such as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or the International Court of Justice, an

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9

Stamova, Mariyana. "Albanci na Balkanu tokom Drugog svetskog rata." Historijski pogledi 5, no. 8 (2022): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2022.5.8.152.

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After the end of the First World War, some countries in the Balkans remained dissatisfied with the status quo achieved with the Versailles system of peace treaties. The Albanian movement for territorial and ethnic Albania failed to fully realize - Kosovo and Metohija remained in the Royal Yugoslavia, established in 1918, which emerged from the First World War as a victorious state. The large Albanian population is a serious problem for the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. One of the culprits, according to some researchers, is Belgrade's own political circles in the interwar period. Nationally, culturall

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10

Vukadinović, Igor. "Activity of Albanian emigration in the West towards the issue of Kosovo and Metohija (1945-1969)." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 51, no. 2 (2021): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp51-26886.

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After the Second World War, a large number of members of the fascist regime of the Kingdom of Albania found refuge in Italy, Turkey and the countries of Western Europe, where they continued to politically act. The leading political options in exile - Balli Kombetar, Zogists and pro-Italian National Independent Bloc, decided to cooperate with each other, so they have formed the Albanian National Committee in 1946. The turning point for the Albanian extreme emigration in the West is Operation Valuable, by which the United States and Great Britain sought to overthrow the Communist regime of Enver

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11

Memišević, Hamza. "Sporazum Zulfikarpašić-Milošević 1991. godine." Historijski pogledi 6, no. 10 (2023): 209–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2023.6.10.209.

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Historical Background and the Emergence of New Bibliographic Units in the Context of the Contemporary Political Moment Demand a Reevaluation of Previous Interpretations Related to Events in the Territory of the Former Socialist Yugoslavia. This paper focuses on the Historical Agreement, also known as the Zulfikarpašić-Milošević Agreement, initiated by Muslims (Bosniaks). The agreement was intended as a peace and political initiative but came late in the context of the war in Croatia and the policy of regionalization pursued by the Serbian side in Bosnia and Herzegovina. After leaving the Party

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12

ROȘIOR, Cristina. "THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT." ACROSS 7, no. 5 (2023): 130–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037321.

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The responsibility to protect (R2P) is a relatively innovative, still emerging concept that entered the area of international public law a few years ago. After the international community failed to take action during the atrocities in Rwanda and former Yugoslavia, due to various motives, the concept emerged as an alternative to extend one's protection over another, but also to state's protection that must be exercised over its own population. The norm seeks to never permit an outbreak of mass atrocity crimes of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. Under t

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13

Wastell, Sari. "Auditing War." Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 35, no. 2 (2023): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.127474.

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I made a mistake a few months ago. It was the sort of mistake I have made repeatedly and yet one I always reflect upon with the same measure of surprise. It started when colleagues in Bosnia alerted me to the fact that Bosnia and Kosovo, unlike other neighbouring countries in the former Yugoslavia, were to be excluded from a new relaxing of EU visa requirements. Indignant and overflowing with hypothetical rationales as to why Bosnia and Kosovo might be excluded, rationales that I presumed might have been contrived to obscure ‘real reasons’, a colleague and I went onto the internet to find an e

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14

Leka, Dukagjin, Sabiha Shala, and Selim Daku. "ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND HUMAN RIGHT VIOLATION IN REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO." SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES 1, no. 1 (2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/eps2019/issue1.05.

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The Republic of Kosovo is one of the newest states in the world. Separated from a former communist federation – Yugoslavia and occupied for over a decade by Serbia, it turned out to be free after a systematic destruction and with great consequences in all respects, including the environment. And of course, being a new state, made Republic of Kosovo to inherit many problems, which were very difficult to solve, while the environmental issues did not even come into the agenda ever to be discussed, which should not have been done as it was. In other words, having many major problems, the environme

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15

Ogbe, Richard Suofade. "The Jurisprudence of Crimes against Humanity and Global Poverty." ABUAD Law Journal 8, no. 1 (2020): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/alj.2020.0801.07-j.

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There have been efforts at evaluating the causes of global poverty vis a vis crime against humanity. The gap between rich and poor has increased over the years in the world. Crime against humanity is an offense in international criminal law that comprises various acts such as murder, extermination, enslavement, torture, forcible transfers of populations, imprisonment, rape, persecution, enforced disappearance, and apartheid, among others. States are obligated to guarantee the welfare and security of their citizens by carrying out programmes meant to eradicate poverty. Many states in the world

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16

Radinović, Radovan. "The role of the army in the destruction of Yugoslavia." Napredak 2, no. 3 (2021): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/napredak2-35004.

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Yugoslavia was destroyed through the concerted effort of domestic forces of the seceding republics and foreign factors, embodied by the entirety of the Western world. Although the USA undoubtedly supported the West, in the early stages of the process, they favored the preservation of Yugoslavia. The country with the leading role in the destruction of Yugoslavia was Germany. The causes of the disappearance of Yugoslavia from the political map of Europe and the world were numerous: economic, social, political, geopolitical, etc. In this article we focus on the military component, that is, the ro

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17

Olechowski, Thomas. "Das ABGB Rechtseinheit für Zentraleuropa." European Review of Private Law 20, Issue 3 (2012): 685–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2012047.

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Abstract: The aim of the codification of the Austrian General Civil Code (ABGB), a work which started in 1753 and took more than half a century to complete, was not only to renew the law but more importantly to unify the law. The multitude of kingdoms and provinces which had been connected by a loose constitutional union in 1713, were to be merged regarding all civil matters. The "Oberste Justizstelle" (predecessor of the Austrian Supreme Court), established in 1749, was responsible for the Austrian, Bohemian and Galician hereditary lands and it was only in these regions where the incomplete C

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18

Kadri Kerimi, Salim. "Neki čudni - Anahronični stavovi gospodina Zorana Janjetovića o iseljavanju muslimanskog stanovništva Jugoslavije u Tursku." Historijski pogledi 7, no. 11 (2024): 477–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2024.7.11.477.

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In the Journal of the Institute for Recent History of Serbia, Belgrade – “Tokovi istorije”, 3/2022, among other articles, an “Original scientific paper” was published, in English, by dr. Zoran Janjetović, a scientific advisor in the mentioned Institute, on the Emigration of the Kosovo Albanians into Turkey during the 1950s of the 20th century. In the same article, the author rightly partially referred to the question of the emigration of the rest of the Muslim population of Yugoslavia to Turkey, before and after the Second World War. After reading and analysing the such article, I came to the

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19

Savković, Mirko. "Kosta Nikolić’s Book Krajina (1991–1995). An Extended Review." Comparative Southeast European Studies 72, no. 4 (2024): 493–506. https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2024-0050.

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Abstract The essay comments on Kosta Nikolić’s voluminous study Krajina 1991–1995, jointly published in November 2023 by the Serb National Council in Croatia and the Fraktura publishing house. Nikolić delves into the ideologically charged story of the failed separatist proto-state of the Republic of Serbian Krajina which existed on the territory of Croatia in the first half of the 1990s. The book was written by a Belgrade-based historian and published by two Croatian publishers, one of which is the national coordinating body of the Serbs in Croatia and the other the country’s leading progressi

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20

Ovie-D'leone, Alex Igho. ""Re-Molding African States in the Context of a 'Right to Secession' That Elongates Self-Determination Principles"." Greener Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2013): 39–49. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjss.2013.1.112012276.

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Since expiry of the Cold War in the early 1990s, global conflicts have become internalized in character. This shows a large proportion of humanity still live in dysfunctional internalized political structures that generate conflicts. Thinking by members of the international community on these trends have been instructive. From Kosovo, to the former Yugoslav Republic, then to Sudan, there is the acceptance – tacitly it may seem, that peace could come only through outright break-up of existing dysfunctional polities. This paper highlights utilities of such recent international moves in the

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21

Irvine, Jill A., and Carol S. Lilly. "Boys Must be Boys: Gender and the Serbian Radical Party, 1991–2000." Nationalities Papers 35, no. 1 (2007): 93–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990601124553.

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On 27 June 2004, Serbian voters went to the polls for the third time in a year to choose a president. The winner of the first two rounds of voting, Tomislav Nikolić, Deputy to the President of the extreme right Serbian Radical Party (SRS), lost the third round of voting to the more liberal Borisav Tadić by just under 8 percentage points (53.2 to 45.4), and the Radicals failed to form a ruling coalition in government. Nevertheless, more than five years after the last war in the disintegration of the Yugoslav state, the largest political party in the largest of the successor states has been char

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22

Markedonov, S. M. "The genesis of the Ukrainian crisis and its significance for post-Soviet space." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 10, no. 4 (2023): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2022-10-4-23-34.

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The post-Soviet space is once again in turbulence. It is difficult today to predict how such reorganization will play out and what consequences it will have for Russia, its neighbouring states and forthe international order as a whole. Nevertheless, we are already witnessing the most extensive changes in the former Soviet Union since the collapse of what was once a single state. It is necessary, however, to separate the legal process ofthe collapse ofthe USSR from the historical dimension of the phenomenon. In legal terms, the USSR does not exist, and in historical terms, the end of the single

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23

Roussel, Stéphane, and Michel Portmann. "Eppur, si muove - Le régime de sécurité européen - Les États non belligérants et la guerre en ex-Yougoslavie." Études internationales 25, no. 4 (2005): 729–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703388ar.

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The central assumption of this paper is that international regime theory constitutes an important heuristic tool which contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of European security as it emerges from the Cold War era. Comprising a set of principles, norms, decision-making procedures and a framework of permanent organizations, the new European architecture forms an authentic security regime based on a process of regional cooperation. The Yugoslav conflict, which constitutes the first test of this regime, illustrates the fact that, even if these institutions failed to end the confli

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24

Djukanovic, Dragan. "The Western Balkans: The fate of an European periphery." Medjunarodni problemi 67, no. 4 (2015): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1504349d.

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The paper analyzes what is the current position of the Western Balkans in the context of contemporary European trends and events. The author considers the European and Euro-Atlantic integration a certain attempt to ?relocate? the whole region of the Western Balkans from an obvious periphery to a semi-periphery position. The focus of analysis is on numerous problems such as continued revitalization of the local ethno-nationalisms, structural economic crisis, the presence of high levels of organized crime and corruption. The author points out that, so far, numerous attempts of the most influenti

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25

Bondžić, Dragomir, and Boris Tomanić. "Educational and/or National Mission? Higher Education in Skopje 1920‒1944." Etnoantropološki problemi / Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 19, no. 4 (2024). https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v19i4.12.

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A comparative analysis of the work of the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje (1920 - 1941), which was founded by the Yugoslav authorities, and the University "Tsar Boris III" (1943 - 1944), which was established through the efforts of the Bulgarian state, reveals a number of similarities, indicating that the basic principles of the two states were nearly identical in the educational and national sense. Serbia, later Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria used almost the same means in order to achieve the desired goal - political and cultural domination over the Vardar Valley. Cultural-educational, but also nat

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26

ROȘIOR, Cristina. "The Responsibility to Protect." ACROSS Journal of Interdisciplinary Cross-border Studies 7, no. 5 (2025). https://doi.org/10.35219/across.2023.5.10.

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The responsibility to protect (R2P) is a relatively innovative, still emerging concept that entered the area of international public law a few years ago. After the international community failed to take action during the atrocities in Rwanda and former Yugoslavia, due to various motives, the concept emerged as an alternative to extend one's protection over another, but also to state's protection that must be exercised over its own population. The norm seeks to never permit an outbreak of mass atrocity crimes of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. Under this norm

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27

Paczkowski, Andrzej. "Lustration: A Post-Communist Phenomenon." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures, May 9, 2023, 088832542311631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08883254231163183.

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The phenomenon of transitional justice appears when authoritarian regimes transform into democracies—a topic that has been studied for many years. One main focus has been the question of the responsibility of the former ruling elite and their subordinates, and in particular, criminal responsibility. After the collapse of communism in Europe, secret police informers were perceived as sharing responsibility, alongside the regime’s functionaries. The first steps toward bringing them to justice were taken in March 1990 in Czechoslovakia. The process was called “lustration,” harking back to an anci

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28

SEDA GOZDE TOKATLI. "A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL IDENTITY CONCEPT ON THE EUROPENIZATION PROCESS OF WESTERN BALKANS: AN EXAMPLE OF SERBIA." Russian Law Journal 11, no. 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i2.663.

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With the end of the bipolar structure, states wanted to guarantee their places in the system through European Union in the Balkans. Serbia is one of the important states in the Western Balkans that hardly adapted to the changes in the system because of the Serbian nationalism. This article will discuss the reasons for the delay in Europeanization process of Serbia referring to the concept of nationalism, which had the greatest influence on Serbia’s EU process. This study will explain why Serbia’s path towards European integration has been so much difficult. After analyzing the dissolution proc

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